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第三章　主谓一致
【复习要求】
识记并列句和从句中的主谓一致原则。
【知识要点】
主谓一致是指主语的人称和单复数形式决定谓语动词的单复数形式。
1.谓语动词要与主语的人称和数一致。如:
I am seventeen,and she is sixteen.
There is a desk in the room.
John gets up at 6:00 every morning.
They have not come yet.
Nobody knows who is going to win the competition.
没有人知道谁会赢得比赛。
What is the latest news about the Olympic Games
有关奥运会最新的消息是什么
2.and连接的两个单数名词、短语或句子作主语时,谓语动词一般用复数形式。如:
My mother and I have seen the film.
我和妈妈已经看过这部电影。
What he said and what he did were always different.
他说的和做的总是不一样。
Rice and wheat are grown in this part of China.
中国这一部分地区种植大米与小麦。
注意:(1)由and连接的主语前分别有each,every,no,many a等修饰语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:
Every man and every woman is busy working.
每个人都在忙着工作。
No sound and no voice is heard.
一点声音都没有。
(2)由and连接的两个名词在意义上表示同一人或物或者由两个部件配成的物品时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:
The worker and writer has written a new novel.(指一个人)
这位工人兼作家已写了一本新小说。
The novelist and the poet are going to Europe next month.(指两个人)
这位小说家和这位诗人下个月一起去欧洲。
One more knife and fork is needed.还需要一副刀叉。
War and peace is a constant theme in history.
战争与和平是历史上一个永恒的主题。
3.不定代词anyone,anybody,anything,everyone,everybody,everything,someone,somebody,something,no one,nobody,nothing,each,other,others,the other等作主语时,谓语动词用单数。如:
Is anybody going to tell him the news
有人准备告诉他这消息吗
Everything is ready.一切都准备好了。
Someone is waiting for you at the school gate.
有人在学校门口等你。
4.neither 和none可用作单数,也可用作复数,主要根据说话人的意思决定,但是代表不可数名词时,只作单数。如:
Neither of us has/have been abroad.我们谁都没出过国。
None of this money is mine.这些钱都不是我的。
5.当主语与谓语动词之间插入along with,with,as well as,
together with,like,no less than,rather than,over,besides,except,
but,including,in addition to等短语时,谓语动词不受这些插入语的干扰,依然和在这些插入语前面的主语保持一致(即舍近求远原则)。
如:
The teacher with two students was at the meeting.
那位老师和两个学生参加了会议。
6.成双成对出现的复数名词glasses,scissors,clothes,shoes,trousers,gloves,stockings,goods等作主语时,谓语动词通常用复数。如:
These glasses are made in China.这些眼镜是中国制造的。
但如果这些词的量词前面有冠词a和the修饰时,谓语动词要用单数。如:
A pair of scissors is a useful tool for a dressmaker.
剪刀是裁缝的实用工具。
7.由并列结构或连词(either...or...,neither...nor...,not...but...,not only...but also...,...or...等)连接的并列主语,谓语动词与邻近的那个名词或代词保持一致。如:
Not only my husband but also I am fond of the World Cup.
不仅我丈夫(喜欢),我也喜欢看世界杯。
Neither his parents nor Tom is at home.
汤姆和他的父母都不在家。
8.在倒装句和there be句型中,谓语动词与它后面的第一个主语保持一致。如:
There is a book and some pens on the desk.
桌子上有一本书和几支钢笔。
Now comes your turn.
现在轮到你了。
9.在定语从句中,关系代词作主语,从句谓语动词应与关系词所指代的先行词保持一致。如:I know the man who is talking to my father.我认识正跟我父亲说话的那个人。
注意:在“one of+复数名词+who/that/which”引导的定语从句结构中,从句谓语动词用复数。但当one of之前有the only,the first等词表示特指时,从句谓语动词用单数形式。如:
Jim is one of the students in her class who are praised by their teacher.吉姆是被老师表扬的学生之一。
Jim was the only one of the students who was praised by our teacher.吉姆是唯一被老师表扬的学生。
10.表示不定数量的词all,none,any,some,the rest,most,half等作主语时,应根据具体表达的意思来决定其后的谓语动词的单复数。如:
All I know about this company is what he told me yesterday.
我对这家公司了解的都是昨天他告诉我的。
All is right.一切顺利。
All are present.人都到齐了。
11.“分数或百分数+(of)+名词”及a lot of,lots of,plenty of,part of+名词构成的短语作主语时,其谓语动词与短语of后面的名词保持一致。如:
80% of cotton has been sent to America.
80%的棉花已经被送往美国。
Half of the apples are red.有一半的苹果是红的。
12.“a number of(大量的)+可数名词复数”的结构作主语时,谓语动词应用复数;但“the number of(……的数量)+可数名词复数”的结构作主语时,谓语动词用单数。如:
A number of ancient buildings were destroyed in the war.
大量的古代建筑在战争中被毁坏了。
The number of the visitors has decreased this year.
今年游客的数量减少了。
13.英语的集体名词(如:family,group,party,team,class,club,army,
enemy,government 等)指代“整体”时为单数;指代“其中的各成员”时则为复数。如:
My family was very poor when I was a little girl.
当我还是一个小女孩儿的时候,我家很穷。
My family are all looking forward to seeing you soon.
我的家人们都在期待着早点见到你。
注意:表示总称的名词police,people,clothes,cattle(牛)等作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。
14.“the+形容词(或过去分词)”表示“一类人”,作主语时,谓语动词用复数。
The poor were not able to buy houses to live in.
穷人买不起房子住。
15.主语从句、不定式短语、动名词短语以及表示时间、金钱、距离、重量等概念的词作主语时,视为整体看待,谓语动词常用单数形式。如:
Watching TV too much is bad for your health.
电视看得太多对健康有害。
When to leave has not been decided.
什么时候离开还没有定下来。
Ten minutes is enough.十分钟足够了。
Sixty years is a long time.60年是一段很长的时间。
【例题解析】
(　　)1.Neither Bill nor his parents　　　　at home yesterday evening.
A.were B.are C.was D.is
【答案】　A
【解析】　由并列结构neither...nor...连接的并列主语,谓语动词与靠近的那个名词或代词保持一致。
(　　)2.　　　　Chinese　　　　Japanese are Asians.
A.Both;and B.Neither;nor
C.Neither;or D.Either;or
【答案】　A
【解析】　主语由Both...and...连接时,谓语用复数形式;由并列结构either...or...,neither...nor...连接的并列主语,谓语动词与靠近的那个名词或代词保持一致。
(　　)3.About　　　　of the teachers in our school　　　　young people.
A.two five;are B.second fifth;is
C.two fifths;are D.two fifths;is
【答案】　C
【解析】　“分数或百分数+of+名词”构成的短语作主语时,其谓语动词与短语of后面的名词保持一致。
(　　)4.He,like you and Xiao Li,　　　　to the English party.
A.was invited B.were invited to go
C.are inviting D.is to invite
【答案】　A
【解析】　当主语与谓语动词之间插入like短语时,谓语动词不受插入语的干扰,依然和插入语前面的主语保持一致(舍近求远原则)。
(　　)5.She is a League member and often　　　　good deeds for us.
A.do B.does C.doing D.done
【答案】　B
【解析】　and 连接两个谓语,所以第二个谓语的单复数必须与主语She一致。
【同步精练】
(　　)1.Miss Chen often　　　　us English on the radio.
A.teaches B.taught C.will teach D.had taught
【答案】 A
【解析】 主语为第三人称单数,而且在一般现在时态的句子中,谓语动词要用单数。
(　　)2.That place is not interesting at all.　　　　of us wants to go there.
A.Neither B.Both C.All D.Some
【答案】 A
【解析】 many用于修饰可数名词的复数形式。
(　　)3.Maths　　　　my favorite subject.
A.be B.is C.am D.are
【答案】 C
【解析】 该题主语maths是学科名词,看成是第三人称单数。
(　　)4.Everyone except Tom and John　　　　there when the meeting began.
A.are B.is C.were D.was
【答案】 D
【解析】 该题主语是everyone,是第三人称单数,所以谓语要用单数形式;从句中的谓语动词是过去时,所以主句中的谓语动词也要用过去时。
(　　)5.The boy with the two dogs　　　　when the earthquake rocked the city.
A.were sleeping B.is sleeping
C.was sleeping D.are asleep
【答案】 C
【解析】 该题的主语是the boy,是第三人称单数,所以谓语动词要用单数形式;从句中的谓语动词是过去时,所以主句中的谓语动词也要用过去时。
(　　)6.Sorry,we already have four people in the car.There　　 for the box.
A.is a little room B.are no rooms
C.is no room D.are few rooms
【答案】 C
【解析】 在there be 句型中,be动词用单数还是复数,要根据它后面的主语是单数还是复数来定。该题中room(空间)是一个不可数名词,作主语时谓语动词要用单数形式。
(　　)7.Seventy percent of the students here　　　　from the countryside.
A.is B.are C.comes D.has come
【答案】 B
【解析】百分数作主语时,谓语动词是用单数还是复数由百分比后面的名词来决定。若是不可数名词,则谓语动词用单数;若是可数名词,则用复数。
(　　)8.Those who　　　　in　　　　compositions,please hand them in this afternoon.
A.hasn’t handed;his B.haven’t handed;their
C.has handed;their D.have handed;his
【答案】 B
【解析】该句中who 引导的是一个定语从句,指代它前面的先行词。该先行词those是复数,所以从句的谓语动词也要用复数。
(　　)9.Mr.Zhang is one of the teachers in our school who　　　by students.
A.are respected B.is respected
C.respected D.is respecting
【答案】 A
【解析】 该题who 引导的定语从句中,先行词是one of+可数名词复数,所以从句的谓语动词要用复数。“受学生尊敬”,所以要用被动语态。
(　　)10.Nobody　　　　to smoke in the cinema.
A.allows B.allow
C.is allowed D.are allowed
【答案】 C
【解析】 主语nobody是第三人称单数。“没有人被允许在电影院抽烟。”所以谓语动词要用单数和被动语态的形式。
(　　)11.The rest of the magazines　　　　within half an hour.
A.is sold out B.are sold out
C.was sold out D.were sold out
【答案】 D
【解析】 “the rest of+名词”作主语时,如果名词是可数名词,那么谓语动词用复数;如果名词是不可数名词,则谓语动词用单数。
(　　)12.A large number of the students in our class　　　　girls.
A.are B.were C.is D.was
【答案】 A
【解析】 “a number of+可数名词的复数”作主语时,谓语动词用复数。
(　　)13.The number of students of this school　　　　large.
A.are B.were C.isn’t D.aren’t
【答案】 C
【解析】 “the number of+可数名词的复数”作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
(　　)14.I,who　　　　your teacher,will try my best to help you with your study.
A.be B.am C.are D.is
【答案】 B
【解析】 who是定语从句的引导词,代指先行词I,所以谓语动词用am。
(　　)15.The rich　　　　not always happy.
A.are B.is C.has D.have
【答案】 A
【解析】 “the+形容词”指一类人,是复数,所以谓语动词要用复数的形式。
(　　)16.He is the only one of the students who　　　　been elected.
A.are B.have C.has D.is
【答案】 C
【解析】 “the only one of the+可数名词的复数”作先行词,
who作定语从句的引导词时,从句中的谓语动词用单数。
(　　)17.The police　　　　for the murderer everywhere when he suddenly appeared in a theatre.
A.is searching B.were searching
C.are searching D.was searching
【答案】 B
【解析】 police是复数,作主语时,谓语动词要用复数的形式。该题考的是句型:were+V ing...when+主语+动词的过去式。
(　　)18.100 million　　　　a lot of money.
A.dollar is B.dollars are
C.dollars is D.dollar are
【答案】 C
【解析】 “100 million”作主语时,后面的名词用复数,谓语动词用单数。
(　　)19.Either you or I　　　　going to the teachers’ office after class.
A.am B.is C.are D.be
【答案】 A
【解析】 “either...or...”作主语时,遵循“就近原则”,即谓语动词用单数还是复数要以or后面的名词或代词来确定,or后面的名词或代词如果是单数,谓语动词就用单数;如果是复数,则谓语动词用复数。
(　　)20.The class　　　　big.Now the class　　　　practicing swimming.
A.are;are B.are;is C.is;is D.is;are
【答案】 D
【解析】 class作主语时,指物是“班级”,谓语动词用单数;指人是指“班级的同学”,谓语动词用复数。
(　　)21.The paper for books and newspapers　　　　made of wood.
A.are B.is C.has D.have
【答案】 B
【解析】 paper表示“纸”时,是不可数名词,作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
(　　)22.Here　　　　a new pair of shoes for you.
A.is B.are C.have D.has
【答案】 A
【解析】 here放在句首,句子要倒装,谓语要放在主语的前面。该句的主语是a new pair of shoes,所以谓语动词用单数。
(　　)23.Either your parents or your elder brother　　　　to attend the evening party tomorrow.
A.are going B.are C.is going D.have
【答案】 C
【解析】 “either...or...”作主语时,谓语动词遵循“就近原则”。
(　　)24.Neither my father nor I　　　　at home.
A.am B.is C.are D.be
【答案】 A
【解析】 “neither...nor...”作主语时,谓语动词遵循“就近原则”。
(　　)25.Not only I but also Jane and Mary　　　　tired of having one examination after another.
A.is B.are C.am D.be
【答案】 B
【解析】 “not only...but also...”作主语时,谓语动词遵循“就近原则”。
(　　)26.Both my father and my mother　　　　interested in music when they were young.
A.were B.are C.was D.is
【答案】 A
【解析】 “both...and...”作主语时,谓语动词用复数。
(　　)27.All of the work　　　　finished and either the teacher or the students　　　　enough time now.
A.is;has B.are;have C.was;have D.were;had
【答案】 C
【解析】 “all of the work”作主语时,谓语动词用单数,且work 和finish的关系是被动,所以用被动语态。and后面的句子中主语是“either...or...”结构,所以其谓语的单复数要根据or后的名词是单数还是复数决定。
(　　)28.There　　　　to be many arguments on both sides.
A.seems B.is C.seem D.are
【答案】 C
【解析】 与there be 句型的意思相同,“好像有……”;谓语的单复数由后面名词的单复数来决定。
(　　)29.Half of this money　　　　to you and half of the books
　　　　to you,too.
A.belong;belong B.belongs;belongs
C.belong;belongs D.belongs;belong
【答案】 D
【解析】 “half of+名词”作主语时,谓语是单数还是复数要根据后面的名词来确定。名词是不可数名词时,谓语动词用单数;名词是可数名词的复数时,谓语动词用复数。
(　　)30.What they need　　　　clean water.
A.has B.have C.is D.are
【答案】 C
【解析】 从句作主语时,主句中谓语动词的单复数由后面的名词决定。

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