资源简介

名词
一、名词核心考点精讲
1. 名词分类与中考常考类型
类别 特点 中考高频词举例
可数名词 有单复数形式 book→books, child→children
不可数名词 无复数，不可直接加数词 water, advice, information
集合名词 表群体，单复数同形或特殊变化 family, police, team
2. 名词复数变化规则
规则分类 变化规则 例词 记忆技巧
一般规则 直接加-s cat→cats, desk→desks 口诀：“多数直接加尾巴”
以s, x, ch, sh结尾 加-es bus→buses, box→boxes 口诀：“四姐妹（s,x,ch,sh）要加es”
以辅音+y结尾 变y为i再加-es baby→babies, city→cities 口诀：“辅音+y，i来替，es别忘记”
以f/fe结尾 变f/fe为v再加-es knife→knives, leaf→leaves 口诀：“小刀树叶命不保，v替f/fe加es”
以o结尾 多数加-es，部分加-s tomato→tomatoes, photo→photos 口诀：“有生命加es，没生命加s”
3. 不规则复数变化（表格+记忆法）
变化类型 例词 记忆技巧
内部元音变化 man→men, foot→feet, tooth→teeth 口诀：“男女脚牙鹅，变化要记牢”
词尾加-en child→children, ox→oxen 联想：“小孩牵牛（ox）来，加en成复孩”
单复数同形 sheep, fish, deer 口诀：“鱼鹿绵羊不变样”
4. 名词所有格重难点
类型 规则 例句 易错点
有生命名词 加-’s Tom’s book, the dog’s tail 误写为：Tom’ book（漏s）
无生命名词 用of结构 the door of the room 误用：the room’s door
共同所有 最后一人加-’s Lucy and Lily’s room（共同一间） 误写为：Lucy’s and Lily’s room
各自所有 每人都加-’s Lucy’s and Lily’s rooms（各自房间） 混淆为共同所有
记忆技巧：
漫画联想：画两个书包，一个标“Tom’s”，另一个标“twins’”，对比单复数所有格。
公式口诀：“有生命加’s，无生命of替；共同最后加，各自分开记！”
5. 易混淆名词辨析
词对 区别 例句
job / work job（可数，具体职业） She found a good job.
work（不可数，泛指工作） I have much work to do.
voice / sound / noise voice（人声） She has a sweet voice.
sound（泛指声音） I heard a strange sound.
noise（噪音） Don’t make noise in class.
记忆技巧：
情景故事：想象场景：“找工作（job）要努力，工作（work）完成别吵闹（noise），听到声音（sound）要冷静，用好嗓音（voice）来演讲。”
二、提高练习
（一）、单项选择。
1.—What do you need for the salad
—I need two ______.
A. tomato B. tomatoes C. tomatos D. tomato’s
2.The ______ are playing in the garden.
A. childs B. child C. children D. childes
3.This is not my umbrella. It must be ______.
A. someone else B. someone’s else C. someone else’s D. someone’s else’s
4.We need three ______ to fix the machine.
A. knives B. knifes C. knife D. knife’s
5.There is some ______ on the table.
A. bread B. breads C. a bread D. the bread
6.The ______ shoes are under the bed.
A. twins B. twin’s C. twins’ D. twin
7.Look at the ______! They are eating grass.
A. sheep B. sheeps C. sheepes D. sheep’s
8.My sister likes taking ______.
A. photo B. photoes C. photos D. photos’
9.I have two ______. They are from Canada.
A. brothers-in-law B. brother-in-laws C. brothers-in-laws D. brother’s-in-law
10.The ______ of the room is broken.
A. window B. window’s C. windows D. windows’
11.She gave me two pieces of ______.
A. advice B. advices C. advise D. advises
12.The ______ are swimming in the river.
A. fish B. fishs C. fishes D. fish’s
13.These are not my books. They are the ______.
A. students B. student’s C. students’ D. students’s
14.The ______ is made of glass.
A. table’s leg B. leg of the table C. table leg D. leg’s table
15.There are five ______ in the picture.
A. deers B. deer C. deeres D. deer’s
16.I need some ______ to write down the notes.
A. paper B. papers C. a paper D. the paper
17.The ______ mother is a doctor.
A. twins’ B. twin’s C. twins D. twin
18.The ______ are playing with the ball.
A. babys B. babies C. babyes D. baby’s
19.There are many ______ in the sky at night.
A. star B. stars C. star’s D. stars’
20.Can you hear the ______ of the birds
A. voice B. sound C. noise D. voices
21.My father bought two ______ yesterday.
A. radioes B. radios C. radio D. radio’s
22.The ______ room is very clean.
A. children’s B. childrens’ C. child’s D. childrens
23.The ______ of the mountain is covered with snow.
A. top B. top’s C. tops D. tops’
24.She has three ______ in her bag.
A. keys B. keies C. keyes D. key
25.These ______ are very expensive.
A. watch B. watchs C. watches D. watch’s
26.The ______ are eating leaves.
A. monkey B. monkies C. monkeys D. monkey’s
27.The ______ of the car is broken.
A. wheel B. wheels C. wheel’s D. wheels’
28.There are many ______ in the library.
A. dictionarys B. dictionaries C. dictionary D. dictionary’s
29.The ______ is reading a book.
A. man B. men C. mans D. man’s
30.The ______ is very kind to us.
A. women teacher B. woman teacher C. women teachers D. woman teachers
（二）、用所给词的正确形式填空
1.There are many ______ (sheep) on the farm.
2.Could you give me some ______ (advice) on learning English
3.The ______ (child) toys are under the bed.
4.The ______ (mouse) in the lab are white.
5.We need five ______ (potato) for the soup.
6.Brush your ______ (tooth) twice a day.
7.These ______ (photo) were taken in Paris.
8.Be careful with the ______ (knife). They are sharp.
9.Some natural ______ (phenomenon) are hard to explain.
10.My ______ (foot) are cold. Can I wear socks
11.The ______ (student) desks are arranged in rows.
12.She has three ______ (brother-in-law).
13.The ______ (leaf) of the tree are turning yellow.
14.There is a lot of ______ (furniture) in the room.
15.The ______ (woman) bags are on the sofa.
16.The ______ (dog) food is in the bowl.
17.These ______ (fish) are from the Atlantic Ocean.
18.I need two ______ (bottle) of water.
19.The ______ (boy) shoes are under the bed.
20.The ______ (teacher) office is on the second floor.
21.The ______ (bird) wings are beautiful.
22.He has five ______ (box) of books.
23.The ______ (baby) clothes are in the drawer.
24.The ______ (cat) tails are fluffy.
25.There are many ______ (bus) in the station.
26.The ______ (horse) are running in the field.
27.The ______ (lady) handbags are fashionable.
28.These ______ (story) are interesting.
29.The ______ (city) parks are well-maintained.
30.The ______ (hero) names are written on the wall.
答案与解析
一、单项选择答案
1.B（以o结尾的有生命名词加-es：tomatoes）
2.C（不规则复数：child→children）
3.C（复合所有格：someone else’s）
4.A（以f结尾变v加-es：knives）
5.A（不可数名词：bread无复数）
6.C（复数所有格：twins’）
7.A（单复数同形：sheep）
8.C（以o结尾无生命名词加-s：photos）
9.A（复合名词复数：brothers-in-law）
10.A（无生命名词用of结构：window of the room）
11.A（不可数名词：advice无复数）
12.A（单复数同形：fish）
13.C（复数所有格：students’）
14.B（无生命所有格用of：leg of the table）
15.B（单复数同形：deer）
16.A（不可数名词：paper）
17.B（单数所有格：twin’s mother）
18.B（辅音+y结尾变i加-es：babies）
19.B（规则复数：stars）
20.B（泛指声音用sound）
21.B（以o结尾无生命加-s：radios）
22.A（复数所有格：children’s）
23.A（无生命所有格用of：top of the mountain）
24.A（规则复数：keys）
25.C（以ch结尾加-es：watches）
26.C（规则复数：monkeys）
27.B（无生命所有格用of：wheels of the car）
28.B（辅音+y结尾变i加-es：dictionaries）
29.A（单数：man作主语）
30.B（复合名词复数：woman teacher→women teachers）
二、用所给词的正确形式填空答案
1.sheep（单复数同形）
2.advice（不可数名词）
3.children’s（复数所有格）
4.mice（不规则复数）
5.potatoes（以o结尾有生命加-es）
6.teeth（不规则复数：tooth→teeth）
7.photos（以o结尾无生命加-s）
8.knives（以f结尾变v加-es）
9.phenomena（外来词复数）
10.feet（不规则复数：foot→feet）
11.students’（复数所有格）
12.brothers-in-law（复合名词复数）
13.leaves（以f结尾变v加-es）
14.furniture（不可数名词）
15.women’s（复数所有格）
16.dog’s（单数所有格）
17.fish（单复数同形）
18.bottles（规则复数）
19.boys’（复数所有格）
20.teachers’（复数所有格）
21.birds’（复数所有格）
22.boxes（以x结尾加-es）
23.babies’（复数所有格）
24.cats’（复数所有格）
25.buses（以s结尾加-es）
26.horses（规则复数）
27.ladies’（辅音+y结尾变i加-es，再加所有格）
28.stories（辅音+y结尾变i加-es）
29.cities’（辅音+y结尾变i加-es，再加所有格）
30.heroes’（以o结尾有生命加-es，再加所有格）

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