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易错点11 阅读理解细节理解题
目 录
01 易错陷阱（3大陷阱）
02 举一反三
【易错点提醒一】原词再现易混易错点
【易错点提醒二】张冠李戴易混易错点
【易错点提醒三】无中生有易混易错点
03 易错题通关
易错陷阱1：原词再现易混易错点。
【分析】选项内容部分是文章，实则部分正确或部分错误，考生对具体信息的内容记忆不全，对这样的试题缺少足够的判断，错选选项。
易错陷阱2：张冠李戴易混易错点。
【分析】这里的”张冠李戴”指的是把文中作者的观点与他人的观点混淆在一起，比如题干问的是作者的观点，选项陈述的是他人的观点，把两个信息点故意错误地混合在一起，考生很容易因为粗心或没有看懂原文而做出错误的选择。
易错陷阱3：无中生有易混易错点。
【分析】在意思上，但与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反。对于这样的选项，考试容易在没有充分理解文章信息的情况下凭主观臆断答错题。
【易错点提醒一】 原词再现易混易错点
【例1】（24-25高三上·河北沧州·阶段练习）
In the half-century since the scale first appeared, land and ocean temperatures have steadily risen as a result of greenhouse gas emissions (排放). Hurricanes have become more intense, with stronger winds and heavier rainfall.
With disastrous storms regularly blowing past 157 mph, some scientists argue, the Saffir-Simpson scale no longer conveys the threat the biggest hurricanes present. The strongest hurricane recorded over the Pacific Ocean has a sustained wind of 215 mph. “That’s faster than a racing car. It’s a new and dangerous world,” said Michael F. Wehner, a co-author of a Category 6 paper.
“The Saffir-Simpson scale is not all that good for warning the public of the danger of a storm,” Wehner said. The category scale measures only sustained wind speeds, which is just one of the threats a major storm presents. The rest are storm surges (风暴潮), flooding and big tides.
But the National Hurricane Center has no plans to introduce a Category 6, primarily because it is already trying “to not emphasize the scale very much,” said Brennan, the National Hurricane Center director. Other meteorologists said that’s the right call. “I don’t see the value in it at this time.”
Why does Wehner suggest a new rating system
A．To describe more intense hurricanes.
B．To control greenhouse gas emissions.
C．To avoid the threat of hurricanes timely.
D．To better understand the nature of hurricanes.
【变式1】（24-25高三上·湖南长沙·阶段练习）To do the analysis, Edwin categorized the cognitive demands of 305 occupations in Norway. More cognitively demanding jobs were not based on routine tasks, even though repetition was required at times. “There were lawyers, doctors, accountants, and people in public service in this group, but the most common occupation was teaching,” Edwin said, “as effective communication outside of the classroom and school matters. It always depends on teachers’ understandings of students’ different situations and teachers’ empathy.”
What makes teaching a cognitively demanding job
A．The complete lack of repetitive tasks.
B．The number of students and parents.
C．The harmonious relationship it creates.
D．The emotional labor it involves.
【易错点提醒二】 张冠李戴易混易错点
【例2】（2025·贵州遵义·一模）For millions of years, bees, moths and other pollinators have used scents (香气) to locate flowers and transfer pollen (花粉) to any flowers they later visit. But something is changing today. When the scents of flowers interact with certain air pollutants (污染物) at night, key scents are destroyed. Moths and other nighttime pollinators may find it hard to recognize the flowers they were seeking, researchers show.
Why do moths have trouble finding out flowers today
A．Flowers’ scents interrupt moth. B．Pollutants affect flowers’ scents.
C．Flowers are not available at night. D．Flowers are changing their scents.
【变式1】（24-25高三上·湖南长沙·阶段练习）In 2023-2024, “sport” hunters legally shot and killed five elephants in northern Tanzania. The targeted elephants were among the largest, oldest bulls from the cross-border population studied by Kenya’s 51-year Amboseli Elephant Research Project, the longest study of elephants in the world. Unlike in Tanzania, hunting elephants has been banned in Kenya for 50 years. Until now, except for hunting in 1994, permitted hunters in Tanzania have not targeted this population, which is known as one of the last gene pools for enormous ivory (象牙) and the source of the largest tusks (长牙) ever collected. Moving forward, Tanzania should stop issuing hunting permits that lead to the killing of these cross-border elephants.
Because it takes about 35 years for a male elephant to attain the size and experience to breed annually, the majority of calves are fathered by the same few older males sought by hunters. These older animals also form the core structure of male society, initiating and coordinating the movements and activities of closely bonded individuals. Studied since their births in the 1970s and 1980s, the bull elephants killed were not frightened by vehicles holding tourists or researchers, making them easy targets for hunters.
What do we know about the elephants killed in Tanzania
A．They were the largest and oldest bulls.
B．They were easily scared off by tourists.
C．They were studied when grown to a large size.
D．They were known for their large ivory and tusks.
【易错点提醒三】 无中生有易混易错点
【例2】（2025·贵州遵义·一模）The most obvious difference between listening to music and playing it is that the latter requires fine motor skills, which are controlled in both hemispheres (半球) of the brain. It also combines the linguistic and mathematical accuracy, in which the left hemisphere is more involved, with the novel and creative content that the right excels in.
In what way is playing music different from listening to music
A．It rarely depends on motor skills. B．It awakens most of the brain areas.
C．It uses both hemispheres of the brain. D．It connects novel and creative content.
【变式1】（24-25高三上·四川绵阳·阶段练习）Would you like to spice up your daily routine School clubs are an awesome way to focus on your interests while also providing a much-needed break from homework and studying. Even if your school doesn’t offer many different clubs, you may still be in luck. As long as you’re willing to put the work, you can start a club of your very own.
Create a club that matches your interests.
Your new club can be just about anything, as long as it doesn’t break your school’s rules. You might start a sports club, like badminton or ultimate frisbee, or an academic-themed club, like Model UN, mock trial, or chess. You could even focus on a really specific interest, like anime, gaming, or gardening. Choose a topic that really appeals to you, and that other students might be interested in joining.
What is the aim of the school clubs
A．To develop your people skills. B．To break your daily routine.
C．To promote your academic performance. D．To offer you relief from your studies.
（24-25高三上·湖北·阶段练习）Batteries are getting smaller, lighter and more powerful. Some personal electronics, for example, such as fitness trackers that monitor health conditions or brain-computer implants that decode neural signals to control electronic prosthetic(义肢的) devices, require more close contact.
Being unable to flex as skin and tissue does makes batteries both unreliable and uncomfortable to wear. A number of approaches are therefore being taken to produce flexible batteries, among which the most promising, though, are water-based batteries inspired by the way an electric eel (鳗) stores its charge.
A group at the University of Cambridge has used the eel’s technique to come up with what it calls “jelly batteries”. These are made from hydrogels (水凝胶) that consist of organic polymers that contain over 60% water. Whereas most batteries experience a loss of conductivity if the material is bent or stretched, a jelly battery can be stretched up to one-and-a-half times its length with no power loss.
1．What drives people to produce flexible batteries
A．Popularity of wearable devices. B．Inspiration from biological nature.
C．Limitations of traditional batteries. D．Higher requirement to close contact.
2．What makes a jelly battery soft and flexible
A．Its component. B．Its conductivity. C．Its structure. D．Its concentration.
（24-25高三上·福建福州·阶段练习）“There are few things more delightful than seeing a child’s eyes light up as they pick up a present and wonder what might be inside,” says Chaz Firestone, an assistant professor of psychological science, “What our work shows is that your mind is able to track the information they are seeking. Just as they, might be able to tell what’s inside the box by shaking it around, you can tell what they are trying to figure out when they shake it.”
A team of researchers recently conducted a fascinating study to look into the science behind this present-guessing phenomenon. They asked 500 volunteers to watch two videos, each showing someone shaking a box of objects with different intentions. In one video, the person was attempting to determine the number of items inside the box, while in the other, they aimed to identify the shapes of the objects. Surprisingly, within a few seconds, the study participants were able to accurately determine the intention behind each shake.
According to the researchers, this ability to quickly distinguish the purpose behind a shake involves numerous mental calculations and observations of subtle (细微的) cues to understand what someone is trying to learn from their surroundings. Yet, we seem to do it easily. “The way you would shake a present to find out if it’s one thing or many things, or if it’s a small thing or a big thing, can be subtly different,” says Sholei Croom, a graduate student. “But people are amazing at picking up on such differences.”
1．What did the participants do in the experiment
A．Report their opinions on videos. B．Ident fy various shaking ways.
C．Infer the meaning of the shaking. D．Guess the contents in the box.
2．The ability that people can reveal the purpose of subtle movements is based on ______.
A．the comprehension of small clues B．the quicker reaction to movements
C．the surroundings people are in D．the prediction of the next move
（24-25高三上·福建福州·阶段练习）For more than 200 years ancient buildings have been reconstructed. Reasons for the reconstruction of Roman architecture in particular are many. People like to be surrounded by reconstructions of ancient ruins, where they can learn in an accurate and real manner that is similar to in a museum.
In Reconstructions of Ancient Roman Architecture, Anita Rieche, an archaeologist by profession who has an in-depth understanding of this topic, presents a long series of Roman building reconstructions. In the introduction, she divides these reconstructions into groups and deals with the multiple factors influencing them. This is very helpful to the readers as it enables them to distinguish the 1:1 reconstructed models from the original buildings. The reader will also better understand the intentions behind and problems that happened during the establishment of reconstructed ancient buildings.
1．What can we know about the reconstruction of Roman buildings
A．It applies the latest technology. B．It helps people learn in a real way.
C．It has been conducted for decades. D．It has the same function as museums.
2．How does the book help readers understand reconstructed ancient buildings
A．By ranking them.
B．By introducing their stories.
C．By comparing them with original ones.
D．By grouping them and analyzing influential factors.
（24-25高三上·江西·阶段练习）One day, Mei was home alone when her new elderly neighbor visited and handed her a box of wedding candies. Mei refused, saying she was on a diet, but the lady suggested giving them to the kids. Unwillingly, Mei accepted the candies. After an awkward chat, the lady left. Mei felt the lady was mean for giving away unwanted candies.
Less than half an hour later, someone knocked at Mei’s door. Through the peephole (窥视孔), Mei found it was also the lady. She was still holding a box of candies. It seemed she wouldn’t stop until she had given away all the old candies. This time, Mei didn’t open the door and pretended no one was home. Soon, the lady’s son arrived and said, “Mom, you’ve knocked on doors all the way here! Everyone is at work. No one is home. Let’s go back.”
What made Mei feel uncomfortable about the elderly neighbor
A．The lady’s mean attitude towards Mei.
B．Mei’s healthy diet disturbed by the lady.
C．Mei’s thought that the candies were unneeded.
D．The lady’s insistence on giving candies to the kids.
（24-25高三上·辽宁·阶段练习）Two years ago, my son sat me down for a talk. “Mom, it’s time,” he said. “Hear me out: It’s time we got actual TV. And you need an iPhone.”
This funny conversation two years ago marked a change in our relationship. Perhaps for the first time, I began to really listen to John’s opinion about our home technology. Since his reasoning was sound and his suggestions were within budget, I took his advice and was pleasantly surprised with the results.
I’d known for a while that my son understands technology better than I do. On airplanes, he grabbed my phone to put it in airplane mode. He wired the speakers in our house. After something was stolen from our front yard, he picked out, set up, and now monitors our security camera. When my computer died, I took him shopping with me.
He has a busy social life, with skateboarding, basketball, and online gaming. I see our time together reducing and our shared interests shrinking. That’s why I jumped at the chance when a friend mentioned writing technology reviews. When I presented the idea to my teen, he immediately accepted.
It’s changed our relationship in surprising ways. Where he used to get annoyed quickly at my technical ignorance, he’s learned to be more patient and explain things to me in a way that I can convey to an equally unknowing audience. The parent- child dynamic is not only changed; it’s even slightly reversed (颠倒). He’s leading me. I’m asking him for help and advice.
My son has risen to the occasion. He’s taking it seriously, and to watch him mature in this way is an honor. As someone not much of a reader, he now searches instruction booklets. Without any prompting, he’s even emailed and called — yes, made an actual phone call — to customer service or tech support when products weren’t working as expected.
I never imagined being a tech reviewer, but it’s proved to be a valuable way to learn from, work with, and enjoy time with my teen.
1．What does the author say about her son in Paragraph 3
A．He is skilled at technology. B．He leads a very busy life.
C．He tries to make peace with her. D．He helps with housework.
2．What made the author feel honored
A．Her son’s patience to explain technical things. B．Her son’s control of the parent-child dynamic.
C．Her son’s careful attitude towards the reviews. D．Her son’s rich knowledge of technical terms.
（24-25高三上·吉林长春·阶段练习）It is no mystery that learning a foreign language can be daunting. I especially felt this way when coming to China. To me, learning Chinese and becoming fluent in the language was nearly impossible by myself, so I decided to take a Chinese class in Suzhou.
Upon researching language schools in Suzhou, I first chose a school with affordable prices. However, after studying there for a few months, I still felt unable to communicate even though I could understand basic grammar and had memorized mountains of vocabulary. I also found that I was having much trouble with tones, so even when I spoke, I was hardly understood. So I decided to part ways with the school and turn to online Courses.
I love to learn at my own pace and it’s an effective way to learn a language. Basically, I learn Chinese by watching Chinese videos on many websites combined with reading a lot of Chinese books. Additionally, online conversations with native speakers are also helpful.
There is an interactive (互动的) process in the online course. I’m not doing a boring single learning. My course instructor is very professional and always provides feedback (反馈) regarding my performance in class and has helped me with pronunciation. She has also given me tips for daily life and cultural insights into life in China. Every class brings new insights into life in China and I always leave class feeling a bit more fluent than the last.
I now feel more confident in Chinese. After three months I am already able to order food, have basic conversations with locals and use the transportation tools to get around China. I’m looking forward to my future progress.
Learning Chinese is a necessary tool for any foreigner oriented (面向) towards China. Whether you are looking to live in China, do business in China or even learn more about Chinese culture, I recommend that you start your new journey by learning Chinese.
1．What made the author decide to take online courses
A．His own strong interest in online learning.
B．His high costs in learning Chinese at school.
C．His poor understanding of locals’ spoken Chinese.
D．His little progress in spoken language at the school.
2．Which statement will the author probably agree with
A．It is easy to learn about Chinese culture. B．Chinese is really worthy of being learnt.
C．It is crucial to be confident in learning language. D．Chinese is a must-have tool for foreigners.
（24-25高三上·吉林长春·阶段练习）With Britain’s persistently wet weather, holding an umbrella over one’s head can often lead to a painful arm, but an inventor, who is also a netizen, may have a solution — a flying umbrella that follows the user around in the rain.
The homemade device includes an adapted yellow shop-bought umbrella and 3D printed components with propellers (螺旋桨) on the end. The new invention is the work of an engineer behind the “I Build Stuff” online channel. The young engineer points out that other attempts have been made to make a flying umbrella in the past. But they’ve gone wrong largely because the propellers have been in the wrong place — attached to the handle or above the canopy (遮篷), which leaves no space for the air to flow.
Therefore, for his flying umbrella, he attached the propellers so that they were sticking out from the sides of the canopy. It includes a central X-shaped frame of four arms made out of carbon fibre, which is both strong and light. Each of the arms has a propeller and motor at the end, making the device look like a cross between an umbrella and a drone.
Building the device took months and included a major setback due to badly soldered (焊接) wires, but eventually it was ready for a test run. “This thing actually shields me from the rain… it wasn’t raining that hard, but I think this thing can stand much harsher conditions, just probably not stronger winds,” he says.
Unfortunately, the user still has to control the umbrella with a two-handed remote to ensure it stays above the head — leaving little room to carry your shopping. However, the inventor now plans on making a better version. “In the future I could attach a camera to the underside and write a programme that tracks my position and moves my umbrella accordingly,” he adds.
1．Why did the inventor develop the flying umbrella
A．To show his engineering skills. B．To reduce arms’ pain on rainy days.
C．To attend the online channel. D．To facilitate people’s daily travel.
2．What made the invention of the flying umbrella possible
A．Investment in advanced equipment. B．Guidance from experienced engineers.
C．Lessons from the previous failures. D．Improvement of propellers’ quality.
3．What can we expect of the flying umbrellas in the future
A．It can help carry some goods. B．It can replace the traditional umbrella.
C．It can resist stronger winds. D．It can track people automatically.
（24-25高三上·辽宁·阶段练习）Antaretica (南极洲) is the coldest place on Earth. It’s also the driest. With annual rainfall close to zero, Antaretica is technically a desert. Covering about 14 million square kilometers around the South Pole, it is the fifth largest continent in the world. A high mountain range, the Trans- Antarctic range, runs from east to west, cutting the continent in two. There are volcanoes too, but they are not very active. Antarctica holds 90% of the world’s ice, and most of its fresh water (70%) is in a frozen state, of course.98% of the surface is covered permanently in the ice cap. On average it is two kilometers thick, but in some places it reaches a depth of five kilometers. Strong winds driven by gravity blow from the pole to the coastline, while other winds blow round the coast. It is difficult to imagine a more inhospitable (不宜居的) place.
Yet Antarctica is full of wildlife, which has adapted to its extreme conditions. There are different types of penguins, flying birds, seals, and whales. But the long Antarctic winter night, which lasts for 182 days( the longest period of continuous darkness on earth), as well as the extreme cold and lack of rainfall, means that few types of plants can survive there. Only two types of flowering plants are found, while there are no trees on the large continent. The rest of the plants are made up of mosses, algae and lichen. Some forms of algae have adapted to grow on ice.
Most of the ice has been there for thousands of years. As a result, it has become a window on the past, and can give researchers lots of useful information. Gases and minerals, in the’ form of volcanic dust trapped in the ice, can tell us a lot about what the world’s climate was like in past ages. Antarctic rocks are also very important for research. Most of them are meteorites (陨石) from outer space. One rock, known as the “Alien” rock, may contain evidence of extra- terrestrial (外星人) life.
Antarctica was the last continent to be discovered. But more than two thousand years ago Greek geographers believed that there was a large land mass in the south which balanced the land in the north. They called it Anti- Arktikos, or Antarctica: the opposite of Aretic (北极). When Europeans discovered the continent of America in 15 century, the great age of exploration began. However, progress to the South Pole was slow. Not until the late 18h century did the British explorer James Cook cross the Antarctic Circle, but he never saw land. Then in1895, a Norwegian called Carstens Borchgrevink became the first man to set foot on the Antarctic mainland. The race to the pole had begun. It was finally reached on 11- December,1911 by the Norwegian Roald Amundsen.
What could we learn from the last paragraph
A．The Greek geographers found the Antarctica.
B．James Cook was the first explorer who reached the South Pole.
C．A Norwegian reached the South Pole first.
D．Humans first set foot on the Antarctic mainland in 1911.
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)易错点11 阅读理解细节理解题
目 录
01 易错陷阱（3大陷阱）
02 举一反三
【易错点提醒一】原词再现易混易错点
【易错点提醒二】张冠李戴易混易错点
【易错点提醒三】无中生有易混易错点
03 易错题通关
易错陷阱1：原词再现易混易错点。
【分析】选项内容部分是文章原文原句或原词，实则部分正确或部分错误，考生对具体信息的内容记忆不全，对这样的试题缺少足够的判断，错选选项。
易错陷阱2：张冠李戴易混易错点。
【分析】这里的”张冠李戴”指的是把文中作者的观点与他人的观点混淆在一起，比如题干问的是作者的观点，选项陈述的是他人的观点，把两个信息点故意错误地混合在一起，考生很容易因为粗心或没有看懂原文而做出错误的选择。
易错陷阱3：无中生有易混易错点。
【分析】在意思上符合常识，但与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反。对于这样的选项，考试容易在没有充分理解文章信息的情况下凭主观臆断答错题。
【易错点提醒一】 原词再现易混易错点
【例1】（24-25高三上·河北沧州·阶段练习）
In the half-century since the scale first appeared, land and ocean temperatures have steadily risen as a result of greenhouse gas emissions (排放). Hurricanes have become more intense, with stronger winds and heavier rainfall.
With disastrous storms regularly blowing past 157 mph, some scientists argue, the Saffir-Simpson scale no longer conveys the threat the biggest hurricanes present. The strongest hurricane recorded over the Pacific Ocean has a sustained wind of 215 mph. “That’s faster than a racing car. It’s a new and dangerous world,” said Michael F. Wehner, a co-author of a Category 6 paper.
“The Saffir-Simpson scale is not all that good for warning the public of the danger of a storm,” Wehner said. The category scale measures only sustained wind speeds, which is just one of the threats a major storm presents. The rest are storm surges (风暴潮), flooding and big tides.
But the National Hurricane Center has no plans to introduce a Category 6, primarily because it is already trying “to not emphasize the scale very much,” said Brennan, the National Hurricane Center director. Other meteorologists said that’s the right call. “I don’t see the value in it at this time.”
Why does Wehner suggest a new rating system
A．To describe more intense hurricanes.
B．To control greenhouse gas emissions.
C．To avoid the threat of hurricanes timely.
D．To better understand the nature of hurricanes.
易错分析：选项ABD中均出现文中的原词如greenhouse gas emissions, hurricanes等进行干扰，需仔细辨析。
【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第三段“The strongest hurricane recorded over the Pacific Ocean has a sustained wind of 215 mph. “That’s faster than a racing car. It’s a new and dangerous world,” said Michael F. Wehner, a co-author of a Category 6 paper. (太平洋上有记录的最强飓风持续风速为每小时215英里。“这比赛车还快。这是一个危险的新世界，”一篇Category 6论文的合著者Michael F. Wehner说。)”以及文章第四段““The Saffir-Simpson scale is not all that good for warning the public of the danger of a storm,” Wehner said. The category scale measures only sustained wind speeds, which is just one of the threats a major storm presents. The rest are storm surges, flooding and big tides. (Wehner说：“Saffir-Simpson量表在警告公众风暴的危险方面并不那么好。”该级别仅衡量持续风速，这只是大风暴带来的威胁之一。其余的是风暴潮、洪水和大潮汐。)”可知由于太平洋上有记录的最强飓风持续风速为比赛车还快的每小时215英里，而大风暴带来的威胁除了持续风速以外还有风暴潮、洪水和大潮汐，而Saffir-Simpson量表仅衡量持续风速，因此Wehner认为Saffir-Simpson量表在警告公众风暴的危险方面并不那么好，所以为了更好地警告公众从而预防风暴所带来的危险需要有一个新的评级系统，由此可知Wehner推荐一个新的评级系统是为了及时避开飓风的威胁。故选C项。
【变式1】（24-25高三上·湖南长沙·阶段练习）To do the analysis, Edwin categorized the cognitive demands of 305 occupations in Norway. More cognitively demanding jobs were not based on routine tasks, even though repetition was required at times. “There were lawyers, doctors, accountants, and people in public service in this group, but the most common occupation was teaching,” Edwin said, “as effective communication outside of the classroom and school matters. It always depends on teachers’ understandings of students’ different situations and teachers’ empathy.”
What makes teaching a cognitively demanding job
A．The complete lack of repetitive tasks.
B．The number of students and parents.
C．The harmonious relationship it creates.
D．The emotional labor it involves.
【答案】D
【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段中的““There were lawyers, doctors, accountants, and people in public service in this group, but the most common occupation was teaching,” Edwin said, “as effective communication outside of the classroom and school matters. It always depends on teachers’ understandings of students’ different situations and teachers’ empathy.”(“这个群体中有律师、医生、会计和公共服务人员，但最常见的职业是教师，”埃德温说，“因为课堂和学校之外的有效沟通很重要。”这总是取决于教师对学生不同情况的理解和教师的同理心。”)”可知，老师需要经常与学生和家长交流，即教师这一职业需要对家长和学生产生共情，使其成为对认知要求较大的工作。故选D。
【易错点提醒二】 张冠李戴易混易错点
【例2】（2025·贵州遵义·一模）For millions of years, bees, moths and other pollinators have used scents (香气) to locate flowers and transfer pollen (花粉) to any flowers they later visit. But something is changing today. When the scents of flowers interact with certain air pollutants (污染物) at night, key scents are destroyed. Moths and other nighttime pollinators may find it hard to recognize the flowers they were seeking, researchers show.
Why do moths have trouble finding out flowers today
A．Flowers’ scents interrupt moth. B．Pollutants affect flowers’ scents.
C．Flowers are not available at night. D．Flowers are changing their scents.
易错分析：干扰项D中主语Pollutants与文中第一句的主语进行混淆，属于“张冠李戴”曲解文意。
【答案】 B
【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段“When the scents of flowers interact with certain air pollutants (污染物) at night, key scents are destroyed.(当花朵的气味在夜间与某些空气污染物相互作用时，关键的气味就会被破坏)”可知，某些空气污染物与花香相互作用后，一些关键的香气就会受损，从而导致使授粉者很难找到花源。故选 B。
【变式1】（24-25高三上·湖南长沙·阶段练习）In 2023-2024, “sport” hunters legally shot and killed five elephants in northern Tanzania. The targeted elephants were among the largest, oldest bulls from the cross-border population studied by Kenya’s 51-year Amboseli Elephant Research Project, the longest study of elephants in the world. Unlike in Tanzania, hunting elephants has been banned in Kenya for 50 years. Until now, except for hunting in 1994, permitted hunters in Tanzania have not targeted this population, which is known as one of the last gene pools for enormous ivory (象牙) and the source of the largest tusks (长牙) ever collected. Moving forward, Tanzania should stop issuing hunting permits that lead to the killing of these cross-border elephants.
Because it takes about 35 years for a male elephant to attain the size and experience to breed annually, the majority of calves are fathered by the same few older males sought by hunters. These older animals also form the core structure of male society, initiating and coordinating the movements and activities of closely bonded individuals. Studied since their births in the 1970s and 1980s, the bull elephants killed were not frightened by vehicles holding tourists or researchers, making them easy targets for hunters.
What do we know about the elephants killed in Tanzania
A．They were the largest and oldest bulls.
B．They were easily scared off by tourists.
C．They were studied when grown to a large size.
D．They were known for their large ivory and tusks.
【答案】 D
【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Until now, except for hunting in 1994, permitted hunters in Tanzania have not targeted this population, which is known as one of the last gene pools for enormous ivory (象牙) and the source of the largest tusks (长牙) ever collected.(直到现在，除了1994年的狩猎之外，坦桑尼亚允许的猎人还没有瞄准过这个种群，它被认为是巨大象牙的最后一个基因库之一，也是迄今为止收集到的最大象牙的来源)”可知，被猎杀的大象被认为是巨大象牙的最后一个基因库之一，也是迄今为止收集到的最大象牙的来源。由此可知，坦桑尼亚被杀的大象以巨大的象牙和长牙而闻名。故选D项。
【易错点提醒三】 无中生有易混易错点
【例2】（2025·贵州遵义·一模）The most obvious difference between listening to music and playing it is that the latter requires fine motor skills, which are controlled in both hemispheres (半球) of the brain. It also combines the linguistic and mathematical accuracy, in which the left hemisphere is more involved, with the novel and creative content that the right excels in.
In what way is playing music different from listening to music
A．It rarely depends on motor skills. B．It awakens most of the brain areas.
C．It uses both hemispheres of the brain. D．It connects novel and creative content.
易错分析：本题易根据常识主观臆断，无中生有误选D。应当依附原文，仔细审题，故选C。
【答案】 C
【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段中“The most obvious difference between listening to music and playing it is that the latter requires fine motor skills, which are controlled in both hemispheres (半球) of the brain. (听音乐和演奏音乐之间最明显的区别是后者需要精细的运动技能，这些技能是由大脑的两个半球控制的)”可知，演奏音乐与听音乐的不同在于前者使用大脑的两个半球。故选C项。
【变式1】（24-25高三上·四川绵阳·阶段练习）Would you like to spice up your daily routine School clubs are an awesome way to focus on your interests while also providing a much-needed break from homework and studying. Even if your school doesn’t offer many different clubs, you may still be in luck. As long as you’re willing to put the work, you can start a club of your very own.
Create a club that matches your interests.
Your new club can be just about anything, as long as it doesn’t break your school’s rules. You might start a sports club, like badminton or ultimate frisbee, or an academic-themed club, like Model UN, mock trial, or chess. You could even focus on a really specific interest, like anime, gaming, or gardening. Choose a topic that really appeals to you, and that other students might be interested in joining.
What is the aim of the school clubs
A．To develop your people skills. B．To break your daily routine.
C．To promote your academic performance. D．To offer you relief from your studies.
【答案】D
【解析】细节理解题。由文章第一段“School clubs are an awesome way to focus on your interests while also providing a much-needed break from homework and studying. (学校俱乐部是一种很好的方式来专注于你的兴趣，同时也提供了一个急需的在家庭作业和学习后的休息时间。)”可知，学校俱乐部的目的是让你从学习中解脱出来。故选D项。
（24-25高三上·湖北·阶段练习）Batteries are getting smaller, lighter and more powerful. Some personal electronics, for example, such as fitness trackers that monitor health conditions or brain-computer implants that decode neural signals to control electronic prosthetic(义肢的) devices, require more close contact.
Being unable to flex as skin and tissue does makes batteries both unreliable and uncomfortable to wear. A number of approaches are therefore being taken to produce flexible batteries, among which the most promising, though, are water-based batteries inspired by the way an electric eel (鳗) stores its charge.
A group at the University of Cambridge has used the eel’s technique to come up with what it calls “jelly batteries”. These are made from hydrogels (水凝胶) that consist of organic polymers that contain over 60% water. Whereas most batteries experience a loss of conductivity if the material is bent or stretched, a jelly battery can be stretched up to one-and-a-half times its length with no power loss.
1．What drives people to produce flexible batteries
A．Popularity of wearable devices. B．Inspiration from biological nature.
C．Limitations of traditional batteries. D．Higher requirement to close contact.
2．What makes a jelly battery soft and flexible
A．Its component. B．Its conductivity. C．Its structure. D．Its concentration.
1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Being unable to flex as skin and tissue does makes batteries both unreliable and uncomfortable to wear. A number of approaches are therefore being taken to produce flexible batteries, among which the most promising, though, are water-based batteries inspired by the way an electric eel (鳗) stores its charge. (由于无法像皮肤和组织那样弯曲，电池既不可靠又佩戴起来不舒服。因此，人们正在采取多种方法来生产柔性电池，其中最有前途的是受电鳗储存电荷方式启发的水基电池。)”可知，普通电池延展性差，无法穿戴的缺陷促使大家研究新的电池，故选C项。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“These are made from hydrogels (水凝胶) that consist of organic polymers that contain over 60% water. Whereas most batteries experience a loss of conductivity if the material is bent or stretched, a jelly battery can be stretched up to one-and-a-half times its length with no power loss. (由含有超过60%水分的有机聚合物组成。如果材料弯曲或拉伸，大多数电池会失去导电性，而果冻电池可以拉伸到其长度的一倍半，而不会损失电量。)”可知，果冻电池柔软有弹性是因为它是由60%水分的有机聚合物组成，也就是说果冻电池的成分使指柔软有弹性，故选A项。
（24-25高三上·福建福州·阶段练习）“There are few things more delightful than seeing a child’s eyes light up as they pick up a present and wonder what might be inside,” says Chaz Firestone, an assistant professor of psychological science, “What our work shows is that your mind is able to track the information they are seeking. Just as they, might be able to tell what’s inside the box by shaking it around, you can tell what they are trying to figure out when they shake it.”
A team of researchers recently conducted a fascinating study to look into the science behind this present-guessing phenomenon. They asked 500 volunteers to watch two videos, each showing someone shaking a box of objects with different intentions. In one video, the person was attempting to determine the number of items inside the box, while in the other, they aimed to identify the shapes of the objects. Surprisingly, within a few seconds, the study participants were able to accurately determine the intention behind each shake.
According to the researchers, this ability to quickly distinguish the purpose behind a shake involves numerous mental calculations and observations of subtle (细微的) cues to understand what someone is trying to learn from their surroundings. Yet, we seem to do it easily. “The way you would shake a present to find out if it’s one thing or many things, or if it’s a small thing or a big thing, can be subtly different,” says Sholei Croom, a graduate student. “But people are amazing at picking up on such differences.”
1．What did the participants do in the experiment
A．Report their opinions on videos. B．Ident fy various shaking ways.
C．Infer the meaning of the shaking. D．Guess the contents in the box.
2．The ability that people can reveal the purpose of subtle movements is based on ______.
A．the comprehension of small clues B．the quicker reaction to movements
C．the surroundings people are in D．the prediction of the next move
1．细节理解题。根据第二段“They asked 500 volunteers to watch two videos, each showing someone shaking a box of objects with different intentions. In one video, the person was attempting to determine the number of items inside the box, while in the other, they aimed to identify the shapes of the objects. Surprisingly, within a few seconds, the study participants were able to accurately determine the intention behind each shake.(他们让500名志愿者观看两个视频，每个视频都显示有人以不同的意图摇晃一盒物体。在一个视频中，这个人试图确定盒子里的物品数量，而在另一个视频里，他们的目标是识别物体的形状。令人惊讶的是，在几秒钟内，研究参与者能够准确地确定每次摇晃背后的意图。)”可知，参与者需要在实验中观看视频，并猜测每次摇晃背后的意图。故选C项。
2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“According to the researchers, this ability to quickly distinguish the purpose behind a shake involves numerous mental calculations and observations of subtle (细微的) cues to understand what someone is trying to learn from their surroundings.(根据研究人员的说法，这种快速区分摇晃背后目的的能力涉及大量的心理计算和对微妙线索的观察，以了解人们试图从周围环境中学到什么。)”可知，人们能够揭示摇晃盒子的目的的能力是基于对细微线索的理解。故选A项。
（24-25高三上·福建福州·阶段练习）For more than 200 years ancient buildings have been reconstructed. Reasons for the reconstruction of Roman architecture in particular are many. People like to be surrounded by reconstructions of ancient ruins, where they can learn in an accurate and real manner that is similar to in a museum.
In Reconstructions of Ancient Roman Architecture, Anita Rieche, an archaeologist by profession who has an in-depth understanding of this topic, presents a long series of Roman building reconstructions. In the introduction, she divides these reconstructions into groups and deals with the multiple factors influencing them. This is very helpful to the readers as it enables them to distinguish the 1:1 reconstructed models from the original buildings. The reader will also better understand the intentions behind and problems that happened during the establishment of reconstructed ancient buildings.
1．What can we know about the reconstruction of Roman buildings
A．It applies the latest technology. B．It helps people learn in a real way.
C．It has been conducted for decades. D．It has the same function as museums.
2．How does the book help readers understand reconstructed ancient buildings
A．By ranking them.
B．By introducing their stories.
C．By comparing them with original ones.
D．By grouping them and analyzing influential factors.
1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“People like to be surrounded by reconstructions of ancient ruins, where they can learn in an accurate and real manner that is similar to in a museum.(人们喜欢被古代遗迹的重建所包围，在那里他们可以以一种准确而真实的方式学习，就像在博物馆一样)”可知，关于罗马建筑的重建，我们知道它帮助人们以一种真实的方式学习。故选B项。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“In the introduction, she divides these reconstructions into groups and deals with the multiple factors influencing them.(在介绍中，她将这些重构进行了分组，并讨论了影响重构的多重因素)”可知，这本书通过对它们进行分组并分析影响因素来帮助读者理解重建的古建筑。故选D项。
（24-25高三上·江西·阶段练习）One day, Mei was home alone when her new elderly neighbor visited and handed her a box of wedding candies. Mei refused, saying she was on a diet, but the lady suggested giving them to the kids. Unwillingly, Mei accepted the candies. After an awkward chat, the lady left. Mei felt the lady was mean for giving away unwanted candies.
Less than half an hour later, someone knocked at Mei’s door. Through the peephole (窥视孔), Mei found it was also the lady. She was still holding a box of candies. It seemed she wouldn’t stop until she had given away all the old candies. This time, Mei didn’t open the door and pretended no one was home. Soon, the lady’s son arrived and said, “Mom, you’ve knocked on doors all the way here! Everyone is at work. No one is home. Let’s go back.”
What made Mei feel uncomfortable about the elderly neighbor
A．The lady’s mean attitude towards Mei.
B．Mei’s healthy diet disturbed by the lady.
C．Mei’s thought that the candies were unneeded.
D．The lady’s insistence on giving candies to the kids.
细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Mei felt the lady was mean for giving away unwanted candies.(Mei觉得这位女士送不想要的糖果很小气。)”可知，Mei因为这位女士送的糖果是不想要的，所以感到不舒服。故选C。
（24-25高三上·辽宁·阶段练习）Two years ago, my son sat me down for a talk. “Mom, it’s time,” he said. “Hear me out: It’s time we got actual TV. And you need an iPhone.”
This funny conversation two years ago marked a change in our relationship. Perhaps for the first time, I began to really listen to John’s opinion about our home technology. Since his reasoning was sound and his suggestions were within budget, I took his advice and was pleasantly surprised with the results.
I’d known for a while that my son understands technology better than I do. On airplanes, he grabbed my phone to put it in airplane mode. He wired the speakers in our house. After something was stolen from our front yard, he picked out, set up, and now monitors our security camera. When my computer died, I took him shopping with me.
He has a busy social life, with skateboarding, basketball, and online gaming. I see our time together reducing and our shared interests shrinking. That’s why I jumped at the chance when a friend mentioned writing technology reviews. When I presented the idea to my teen, he immediately accepted.
It’s changed our relationship in surprising ways. Where he used to get annoyed quickly at my technical ignorance, he’s learned to be more patient and explain things to me in a way that I can convey to an equally unknowing audience. The parent- child dynamic is not only changed; it’s even slightly reversed (颠倒). He’s leading me. I’m asking him for help and advice.
My son has risen to the occasion. He’s taking it seriously, and to watch him mature in this way is an honor. As someone not much of a reader, he now searches instruction booklets. Without any prompting, he’s even emailed and called — yes, made an actual phone call — to customer service or tech support when products weren’t working as expected.
I never imagined being a tech reviewer, but it’s proved to be a valuable way to learn from, work with, and enjoy time with my teen.
1．What does the author say about her son in Paragraph 3
A．He is skilled at technology. B．He leads a very busy life.
C．He tries to make peace with her. D．He helps with housework.
2．What made the author feel honored
A．Her son’s patience to explain technical things. B．Her son’s control of the parent-child dynamic.
C．Her son’s careful attitude towards the reviews. D．Her son’s rich knowledge of technical terms.
1．细节理解题。根据第三段“I’d known for a while that my son understands technology better than I do.On airplanes, he grabbed my phone to put it in airplane mode. He wired the speakers in our house. After something was stolen from our front yard, he picked out, set up, and now monitors our security camera. When my computer died, I took him shopping with me.(我早就知道我儿子比我更懂科技。在飞机上，他抢过我的手机，把它调到飞行模式。他在我们家的扬声器上装了窃听器。在我们的前院有东西被偷后，他挑选并安装了监控摄像头。当我的电脑坏了，我带他去购物)”可知，第三段通过举例说明儿子精通科技。故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“My son has risen to the occasion. He’s taking it seriously, and to watch him mature in this way is an honor.(我儿子已经应付自如了。他很认真地对待这件事，看着他以这种方式成熟是一种荣幸)”可知，儿子对待评论的认真态度让作者倍感骄傲和荣幸。故选C。
（24-25高三上·吉林长春·阶段练习）It is no mystery that learning a foreign language can be daunting. I especially felt this way when coming to China. To me, learning Chinese and becoming fluent in the language was nearly impossible by myself, so I decided to take a Chinese class in Suzhou.
Upon researching language schools in Suzhou, I first chose a school with affordable prices. However, after studying there for a few months, I still felt unable to communicate even though I could understand basic grammar and had memorized mountains of vocabulary. I also found that I was having much trouble with tones, so even when I spoke, I was hardly understood. So I decided to part ways with the school and turn to online Courses.
I love to learn at my own pace and it’s an effective way to learn a language. Basically, I learn Chinese by watching Chinese videos on many websites combined with reading a lot of Chinese books. Additionally, online conversations with native speakers are also helpful.
There is an interactive (互动的) process in the online course. I’m not doing a boring single learning. My course instructor is very professional and always provides feedback (反馈) regarding my performance in class and has helped me with pronunciation. She has also given me tips for daily life and cultural insights into life in China. Every class brings new insights into life in China and I always leave class feeling a bit more fluent than the last.
I now feel more confident in Chinese. After three months I am already able to order food, have basic conversations with locals and use the transportation tools to get around China. I’m looking forward to my future progress.
Learning Chinese is a necessary tool for any foreigner oriented (面向) towards China. Whether you are looking to live in China, do business in China or even learn more about Chinese culture, I recommend that you start your new journey by learning Chinese.
1．What made the author decide to take online courses
A．His own strong interest in online learning.
B．His high costs in learning Chinese at school.
C．His poor understanding of locals’ spoken Chinese.
D．His little progress in spoken language at the school.
2．Which statement will the author probably agree with
A．It is easy to learn about Chinese culture. B．Chinese is really worthy of being learnt.
C．It is crucial to be confident in learning language. D．Chinese is a must-have tool for foreigners.
1．细节理解题。根据第二段“However, after studying there for a few months, I still felt unable to communicate even though I could understand basic grammar and had memorized mountains of vocabulary. I also found that I was having much trouble with tones, so even when I spoke, I was hardly understood. So I decided to part ways with the school and turn to online Courses.(然而，在那里学习了几个月后，即使我能理解基本的语法，并记住了大量的词汇，我仍然感到无法沟通。我还发现我在音调上有很多问题，所以即使我说话，也很难被理解。因此，我决定与学校分道扬镳，转向在线课程)”可知，在学校的口语进步很小让作者决定参加网络课程。故选D。
2．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Learning Chinese is a necessary tool for any foreigner oriented (面向) towards China. Whether you are looking to live in China, do business in China or even learn more about Chinese culture, I recommend that you start your new journey by learning Chinese.(学习汉语是任何一个面向中国的外国人的必要工具。无论你是想在中国生活，在中国做生意，还是想更多地了解中国文化，我都建议你从学习汉语开始你的新旅程)”可知，作者认为中文真的很值得学习。故选B。
（24-25高三上·吉林长春·阶段练习）With Britain’s persistently wet weather, holding an umbrella over one’s head can often lead to a painful arm, but an inventor, who is also a netizen, may have a solution — a flying umbrella that follows the user around in the rain.
The homemade device includes an adapted yellow shop-bought umbrella and 3D printed components with propellers (螺旋桨) on the end. The new invention is the work of an engineer behind the “I Build Stuff” online channel. The young engineer points out that other attempts have been made to make a flying umbrella in the past. But they’ve gone wrong largely because the propellers have been in the wrong place — attached to the handle or above the canopy (遮篷), which leaves no space for the air to flow.
Therefore, for his flying umbrella, he attached the propellers so that they were sticking out from the sides of the canopy. It includes a central X-shaped frame of four arms made out of carbon fibre, which is both strong and light. Each of the arms has a propeller and motor at the end, making the device look like a cross between an umbrella and a drone.
Building the device took months and included a major setback due to badly soldered (焊接) wires, but eventually it was ready for a test run. “This thing actually shields me from the rain… it wasn’t raining that hard, but I think this thing can stand much harsher conditions, just probably not stronger winds,” he says.
Unfortunately, the user still has to control the umbrella with a two-handed remote to ensure it stays above the head — leaving little room to carry your shopping. However, the inventor now plans on making a better version. “In the future I could attach a camera to the underside and write a programme that tracks my position and moves my umbrella accordingly,” he adds.
1．Why did the inventor develop the flying umbrella
A．To show his engineering skills. B．To reduce arms’ pain on rainy days.
C．To attend the online channel. D．To facilitate people’s daily travel.
2．What made the invention of the flying umbrella possible
A．Investment in advanced equipment. B．Guidance from experienced engineers.
C．Lessons from the previous failures. D．Improvement of propellers’ quality.
3．What can we expect of the flying umbrellas in the future
A．It can help carry some goods. B．It can replace the traditional umbrella.
C．It can resist stronger winds. D．It can track people automatically.
1．细节理解题。根据第一段“With Britain’s persistently wet weather, holding an umbrella over one’s head can often lead to a painful arm, but an inventor, who is also a netizen, may have a solution — a flying umbrella that follows the user around in the rain.(由于英国天气持续潮湿，把伞撑在头上往往会导致手臂疼痛，但一位发明家，也是一位网民，可能有一个解决方案——一种可以在雨中跟随使用者的飞行伞)”可知，发明者发明飞伞是为了减轻下雨天手臂的疼痛问题。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段“The young engineer points out that other attempts have been made to make a flying umbrella in the past. But they’ve gone wrong largely because the propellers have been in the wrong place — attached to the handle or above the canopy (遮篷), which leaves no space for the air to flow.(这位年轻的工程师指出，过去也曾有人尝试制造飞伞。但它们出问题的主要原因是螺旋桨在错误的地方——附着在手柄上或在舱盖上方，没有留出空气流动的空间)”以及第三段“Therefore, for his flying umbrella, he attached the propellers so that they were sticking out from the sides of the canopy.(因此，对于他的飞行伞，他安装了螺旋桨，使它们从伞盖的两侧伸出来)”可知，从以前的失败中吸取教训使飞伞的发明成为可能。故选C。
3．细节理解题。根据最后一段“However, the inventor now plans on making a better version. “In the future I could attach a camera to the underside and write a programme that tracks my position and moves my umbrella accordingly,” he adds.(然而，发明者现在计划制造一个更好的版本。他补充说：“将来我可以在伞的底部安装一个摄像头，然后编写一个程序来跟踪我的位置，并相应地移动我的伞。”)”可知，未来的飞行伞可以自动跟踪人。故选D。
（24-25高三上·辽宁·阶段练习）Antaretica (南极洲) is the coldest place on Earth. It’s also the driest. With annual rainfall close to zero, Antaretica is technically a desert. Covering about 14 million square kilometers around the South Pole, it is the fifth largest continent in the world. A high mountain range, the Trans- Antarctic range, runs from east to west, cutting the continent in two. There are volcanoes too, but they are not very active. Antarctica holds 90% of the world’s ice, and most of its fresh water (70%) is in a frozen state, of course.98% of the surface is covered permanently in the ice cap. On average it is two kilometers thick, but in some places it reaches a depth of five kilometers. Strong winds driven by gravity blow from the pole to the coastline, while other winds blow round the coast. It is difficult to imagine a more inhospitable (不宜居的) place.
Yet Antarctica is full of wildlife, which has adapted to its extreme conditions. There are different types of penguins, flying birds, seals, and whales. But the long Antarctic winter night, which lasts for 182 days( the longest period of continuous darkness on earth), as well as the extreme cold and lack of rainfall, means that few types of plants can survive there. Only two types of flowering plants are found, while there are no trees on the large continent. The rest of the plants are made up of mosses, algae and lichen. Some forms of algae have adapted to grow on ice.
Most of the ice has been there for thousands of years. As a result, it has become a window on the past, and can give researchers lots of useful information. Gases and minerals, in the’ form of volcanic dust trapped in the ice, can tell us a lot about what the world’s climate was like in past ages. Antarctic rocks are also very important for research. Most of them are meteorites (陨石) from outer space. One rock, known as the “Alien” rock, may contain evidence of extra- terrestrial (外星人) life.
Antarctica was the last continent to be discovered. But more than two thousand years ago Greek geographers believed that there was a large land mass in the south which balanced the land in the north. They called it Anti- Arktikos, or Antarctica: the opposite of Aretic (北极). When Europeans discovered the continent of America in 15 century, the great age of exploration began. However, progress to the South Pole was slow. Not until the late 18h century did the British explorer James Cook cross the Antarctic Circle, but he never saw land. Then in1895, a Norwegian called Carstens Borchgrevink became the first man to set foot on the Antarctic mainland. The race to the pole had begun. It was finally reached on 11- December,1911 by the Norwegian Roald Amundsen.
What could we learn from the last paragraph
A．The Greek geographers found the Antarctica.
B．James Cook was the first explorer who reached the South Pole.
C．A Norwegian reached the South Pole first.
D．Humans first set foot on the Antarctic mainland in 1911.
细节理解题。根据最后一段的句子“Not until the late 18h century did the British explorer James Cook cross the Antarctic Circle, but he never saw land. Then in 1895, a Norwegian called Carstens Borchgrevink became the first man to set foot on the Antarctic mainland. The race to the pole had begun. It was finally reached on 11th December, 1911 by the Norwegian Roald Amundsen.(直到18世纪末，英国探险家詹姆斯·库克才穿越南极圈，但他从未见过陆地。1895年，一位名叫卡斯滕斯·波格雷文克的挪威人成为第一个踏上南极大陆的人。到极点的竞赛开始了。1911年12月11日，挪威人罗尔德·阿蒙森终于到达了这里)”可知，挪威人首先到达南极。故选C项。
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