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消灭易错 名词
题组A 高考真题练
1.（2024新课标I卷）These plants included modern Western 62 (favourite) such as rosemary, lavender and fennel.
1. favorites。解析：考查名词的数。句意：这些植物包括现代西方最受喜爱的迷迭香、薰衣草和茴香。favorite是可数名词，意为“特别受喜爱的东西”，根据空后such as rosemary, lavender and fennel可知，空处应用名词的复数形式。故填favorites。
2.（2024全国甲卷）They all agreed and vowed (承诺) to promote the idea at the 68 ( complete ) of their journey.
2. completion。解析：考查名词。句意：他们都同意了，并发誓要在旅行结束后推广这个想法。冠词修饰名词，本空应填名词作宾语，complete名词形式为completion，不可数，故填completion。
3.（2024浙江1月卷）Many supermarkets are no longer doing “buy one get one free” promotions because of the __________ (criticize) that they lead to waste.
3. criticism。解析：考查名词。句意：许多超市不再进行“买一送一”的促销活动，因为有人批评这种活动会造成浪费。根据“that they lead to waste”可知，此处应用名词criticism表示“批评”作宾语。故填criticism。
4.（2024新课标I卷）The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route that brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the 65 (rich) of gardening in England.
4. richness。解析：考查名词。句意：Mark Woodruff补充说：“这是当代设计的最高成就，在丝绸之路的尽头，中国亚热带西南部的植物群从温带的欧洲穿过山脉、干旱的土地和高山牧场，这些植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带到英国，定义了英国园艺的丰富和荣耀。”空处与glory并列，应用名词形式richness，作介词of的宾语。故填richness。
5. （2024新课标II卷）Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international ___62___ (visible), said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed to find the connection between the two great writers.
5. visibility。解析：考查名词。句意：Edmondson说，这些文化元素提高了斯特拉特福德的国际知名度，并补充说，游客们穿过故居花园时，常常惊讶于这两位伟大作家之间的联系。形容词international后接名词形式，visibility“知名度”为不可数名词作宾语。故填visibility。
6.（2024新课标II卷）Although they could never have met, there are common ___57___ (theme)in their works, said Paul Edmondson, head of research for the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust.
6. themes。解析：考查名词的数。句意：莎士比亚故居信托基金会的研究主管Paul Edmondson说，尽管他们从未见过面，但他们的作品中都有共同的主题。本句为“there be”句型，为倒装句，根据谓语动词“are”可判断，本句主语为名词的复数形式。故填themes。
7.（2024全国甲卷）Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level, the national parks, in particular, tend to catch our attention because of their large size and variety. They are 62 (treasure) of American heritage (遗产).
7. treasures。解析：考查名词。句意：它们是美国传统的瑰宝。treasure表示“宝藏”，为可数名词，结合前文they are，应用复数形式，故填treasures。
8.（2023新课标II卷）They also need to be ready to give (interview) in English with international journalists.
8. interviews。解析：考查名词的数。句意：他们还需要准备好用英语接受国际记者的采访。分析句子结构可知，空前是动词，所以空处应填名词作宾语，interview意为“采访”为可数名词，不止一段采访，应用复数形式。故填interviews。
9. (2023新课标II卷）Since June 2017, right before the __________ (arrive) of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and confident speaking English.
9. arrival。解析：考查名词。句意：从2017年6月开始，就在两只新大熊猫“萌萌”和“娇青”到来之前，我一直在帮助动物园的熊猫饲养员更舒服、更自信地说英语。分析句子结构可知，空前是冠词，空后是介词，所以空处应填名词作介词before的宾语，arrive的名词形式是arrival，不可数名词。故填arrival。
题组B 易错题强化练
1．Some praised it as a sensible step that could prevent conflicts while others questioned its (important), nothing that students might still lack a deep understanding of each other when making decisions.
【答案】importance
【详解】考查名词。句意：一些人称赞这是一个可以防止冲突的明智之举，而另一些人则质疑其重要性，指出学生在作出决定时可能仍然缺乏对彼此的深入了解。设空处被形容词性物主代词its修饰，应用名词形式importance作宾语。故填importance。
2．The performance brings a fresh perspective to the stage, bringing viewers into a heartwarming tale of (brave) and sacrifice, winning waves of applause.
【答案】bravery
【详解】考查名词。句意为：这场表演为舞台带来了新视角，将观众带入了一个关于勇敢和牺牲的感人故事，赢得了阵阵掌声。根据句意和空前介词of及空后and sacrifice可知，空处和后文的名词sacrifice并列，应该用名词形式bravery“勇敢”作宾语，不可数名词。故填bravery。
3．Efforts have been made to regenerate local traditions so far, which not only enriches the culture (diverse) of the countryside, but also creates new opportunities for cultural tourism and sustainable development.
【答案】diversity
【详解】考查名词。句意为：迄今为止，人们已经努力复兴当地传统，这不仅丰富了农村的文化多样性，而且为文化旅游和可持续发展创造了新的机会。设空处做宾语，应用名词diversity，表示“多样性”，不可数名词，故填diversity。
4．She would help me whenever I was in trouble and would give me (confident) when I lost heart.
【答案】confidence
【详解】考查名词。句意为；当我遇到困难时，她会帮助我，当我失去信心时，她会给我信心。设空处作宾语，应用名词confidence。故填confidence。
5．The volunteer team performed operas and traditional music in Hotan and Kashgar. Local (art) also performed Uygur dance and music.
【答案】artists
【详解】考查名词。句意：志愿者团队在和田和喀什表演了戏曲和传统音乐。当地的艺术家们也表演了维吾尔族舞蹈和音乐。根据后面的谓语动词performed(表演)可知，此处需要填表示人的名词作主语，art是名词，意为“艺术”，其表示“艺术家”的名词形式是artist，又因为前面提到Local(当地的)，说明不止一个艺术家，所以要用复数形式 artists。故填artists。
6．The ministry will state a 14th five-year plan on urban and rural living environment planning and take (measure) to bring eco-environment, construction and social and cultural environment into line while promoting green development of regions and cities.
【答案】measures
【详解】考查名词的数。句意：该部门将出台一项关于城乡居住环境规划的“十四五”规划，并采取措施使生态环境、建设以及社会文化环境协调一致，同时推动区域和城市的绿色发展。take measures是固定短语，意为“采取措施”。故填measures。
7．Sha Xiaolan, chief director of the ceremony, said the show also extended heartfelt gratitude to all the volunteers whose (contribute) have been important in the success of the Games.
【答案】contributions
【详解】考查名词。句意：开幕式总导演沙晓岚表示，这场演出也向所有志愿者表达了衷心的感谢，他们的贡献对于奥运会的成功举办起到了重要作用。作从句的主语，应用名词contribution，根据从句中谓语动词have been可知主语应该用复数形式，故填contributions。
8．The (benefit) of exercise are endless: a healthier body together with a slimmer figure and a happier mood.
【答案】benefits
【详解】考查名词的数。句意：锻炼的益处是无穷无尽的：拥有更健康的身体、更苗条的身材以及更愉悦的心情。根据句中的are可知，主语应该是复数形式。benefit作名词时，意为 “益处；好处”，其复数形式是 benefits。故填 benefits。
9．In recent years, with the rise in (popular) of the guochao trends, contemporary artists have transformed Dunhuang’s age-old art into creative cultural products that attract young consumers.
【答案】popularity
【详解】考查名词。句意：近年来，随着国潮潮流受欢迎程度的提升，当代艺术家们已经把敦煌古老的艺术转变成了吸引年轻消费者的创意文化产品。作介词in的宾语，应用名词popularity。故填popularity。
10．When wind blows above a skywell house, it can enter the indoor space through the (open).
【答案】opening
【详解】考查名词。句意：当风从天井式房屋上方吹过时，它能够通过开口进入室内空间。此处根据定冠词“the”以及句子结构可知需要一个名词作介词“through”的宾语，“open”是形容词，意为“开着的；打开的”，其名词形式“opening”表示“开口；孔；通道”等意思，符合语境要求。故填opening。
11．The (combine) of these panda reserves is an enthusiastic commitment by the Chinese government to protect these extraordinary animals.
【答案】combination
【详解】考查名词。句意：这些大熊猫保护区的联合是中国政府为保护这些珍稀动物所做出的积极承诺。根据空前The和空后of可知，空处需用名词combination，意为“联合、结合”，the combination of“……的联合”。故填combination。
12．The local authority plans an area of 12 square kilometers for potential (tourist) attracted by the new road.
【答案】tourists
【详解】考查名词的数。句意：当地政府规划出了 12 平方公里的区域，以应对可能被这条新道路吸引而来的游客。此处空格前的形容词 “potential（潜在的，可能的）” 可知，形容词需要修饰名词，且用tourist的复数形式tourists来表示“游客们”，作介词 for的宾语。故填tourists。
13．Issued by the People’s Bank of China, the country’s central bank, the digital yuan is designed to be treated as M0, meaning cash in (circulate), such as coins and banknotes.
【答案】circulation
【详解】考查名词。句意：由中国的中央银行 —— 中国人民银行发行的数字人民币，被设定为等同于 M0（流通中的现金），也就是指像硬币和纸币这类正在流通中的现金。短语in circulation表示“在流通中”。故填circulation。
14．The (construct) of those rock carvings dates back to 650, and continued into the 17th century.
【答案】construction
【详解】考查名词。句意：那些岩石雕刻的建造历史可追溯到公元 650 年，并且一直延续到 17 世纪。作句子的主语，应用名词construction。故填construction。
15．The expressway, with an (invest) of 30.2 billion yuan, will open to traffic by the end of next year.
【答案】investment
【详解】考查名词。句意：这条高速公路投资302亿元，将于明年年底通车。根据前面的不定冠词 an可知，这里需要填一个名词investment，作宾语。故填investment。
16．Usually with one class a week, these schools offer short learning courses regarding (subject) from dancing to vocal training.
【答案】subjects
【详解】考查名词复数。句意：这些学校通常每周开一节课，提供从舞蹈到声乐训练等方面的短期学习课程。空处应为名词，作空前介词的宾语，subject是可数名词，根据空后的“from dancing to vocal training.”可知，这里要用复数形式来表示多个不同的科目。故填subjects。
17．Her work drew the attention of Future Farmers of America, which gave her some money for (supply) and seeds.
【答案】supplies
【详解】考查名词的数。句意：她的工作引起了美国未来农场主协会的注意，该协会给了她一些钱用于购买物资和种子。supply作名词时，常用复数形式supplies表示 “物资，生活用品，补给品”，句中提到获得资金用于购买相关物资和种子，本空和 seeds并列，作for的宾语 ，所以用supplies更符合语境，表达多种用于种植等方面的物资。故填supplies。
18．The security system uses facial (recognize) to identify visitors.
【答案】recognition
【详解】考查名词。句意：安全系统使用面部识别来识别访客。facial是形容词，修饰名词，recognize的名词是recognition，是不可数名词，facial recognition意为“面部识别”，作宾语。故填recognition。
19． She received a special award in (acknowledge) of all her hard work.
【答案】acknowledgement
【详解】考查名词。句意：她获得了一个特别奖，以表彰她的辛勤工作。作介词宾语应用名词acknowledgement，短语in acknowledgement of表示“表彰”。故填acknowledgement。
20．She failed to live up to her parents (expect) .
【答案】expectations
【详解】考查名词。句意：她没能达到父母的期望。提示词作宾语，用可数名词expectation，意为“希望；期望”，结合常识，父母的期望不止一个，用复数形式；live up to one’s expectations“达到某人的期望”。故填expectations。
21．Owning a lovable, cuddly pet can unquestionably make one’s home life better and apparently, it can affect pet (owner) professional lives as well.
【答案】owners’
【详解】考查名词所有格。句意：养一只可爱可爱的宠物无疑会让家庭生活更美好，显然，它也会影响宠物主人的职业生涯。owner意为“主人”，和professional lives构成所属关系，应用所有格形式。故填owners’。
22．The doctor was very pleased that most of his (patient) health improved after the treatment.
【答案】patients’
【详解】考查名词所有格。句意：医生很高兴他的大多数病人在治疗后健康状况都有所改善。根据句意和前文most of可知，此处应用其名词复数的所有格形式patients’，修饰名词health，表示“大多数病人的健康状况”。故填patients’。
23．During a visit earlier this year to the crowded and noisy market in the (city) Wuning subdistrict, Mao Fenghua, head of the local trade union federation, found a child doing homework near a street stall.
【答案】city’s
【详解】考查名词所有格。句意：今年早些时候，当地总工会主席毛凤华在参观武宁这个拥挤嘈杂的市场时，发现一个孩子在街边摊位附近做作业。根据空后名词“Wuning subdistrict”可知，空处应为名词的所有格形式，作定语。故填city’s。
24．The rapid (respond) of the firefighters helped to minimize the damage caused by the fire.
【答案】response
【详解】考查名词。句意：消防队员的迅速反应有助于把火灾造成的损失降到最低。形容词rapid后接名词形式，在句中作主语。respond的名词形式是response，意为“反应；响应”。故填response。
25．Looking forward, we should invest in new technologies and innovative thinking that open the door to a whole new world where we decrease (rely) on fossil fuels.
【答案】reliance
【详解】考查名词。句意：展望未来，我们应该投资于新技术和创新思维，这将开启一个全新的世界，在这个世界里我们减少对化石燃料的依赖。本空用名词reliance“依赖”，作decrease的宾语。故填reliance。
26．But with no (compass), satellites or radios, how did they manage to map the globe so impressively
【答案】compasses
【详解】考查可数名词的复数。句意：但在没有指南针、卫星或无线电的情况下，他们是如何绘制出如此令人印象深刻的全球地图的呢？compass意为“指南针”，为可数名词，根据satellites or radios可知，此处应用复数形式，作介词with的宾语。故填compasses。
27．A growing number of (educate) say the panic about AI is a lot like the panic caused by the Internet when it was new.
【答案】educators
【详解】考查名词。句意：越来越多的教育工作者表示，对人工智能的恐慌很像互联网刚出现时引起的恐慌。空处用于介词of之后，应填名词形式作宾语，需要的词义为“教育工作者”，即educator，是可数名词，前有a growing number of 修饰，则educator需要使用复数形式，故填educators。
28．Zhao reproduces each element described in papers on the history of life in an artistic way, and the (blank) in scientific research are filled by his logic and imagination.
【答案】blanks
【详解】考查名词。句意：赵以艺术的方式再现了生命史论文中所描述的每一个元素，科学研究中的空白也被他的逻辑和想象所填补。and连接两个并列的句子，空处作后一个句子的主语，结合are filled可知，此处主语应用名词的复数形式。故填blanks。
29．For years, a panel of (special) discussed and assessed different means of repairing the pagoda.
【答案】specialists
【详解】考查名词。句意：多年来，一个专家小组讨论并评估了修复宝塔的不同方法。a panel of... 表示 “一组……”，后面需要接名词复数。special是形容词，其对应的名词specialist表示“专家”，复数形式为 specialists。故填specialists。
30．In the (distant), elephants were eating grass, ears flapping lazily as they moved slowly over the plains.
【答案】distance
【详解】考查名词。句意：远处，大象正在吃草，耳朵懒洋洋地拍打着，慢慢地在平原上移动。空处应填名词作宾语，in the distance“在远处”，故填distance。
31．Her acquaintance with a little boy on a train provided the (inspire) for the description of the main character in her novel.
【答案】inspiration
【详解】考查名词。句意：她在火车上与一个小男孩的相识为她小说中主人公的描写提供了灵感。此处为名词作宾语，inspire的名词为inspiration意为“灵感”，且为不可数名词。故填inspiration。
32．Although he has sought to find a peaceful (solve), he is facing pressure to use greater military force.
【答案】solution
【详解】考查名词。句意：尽管他一直在寻求和平解决方案，但他面临着使用更多军事力量的压力。此处为名词作宾语，solve的名词为solution意为“解决方案”符合句意，且空前有不定冠词a，所以使用名词单数形式。故填solution。
33．Every care has been taken to ensure the (accurate) of all information given in this file.
【答案】accuracy
【详解】考查名词。句意：我们已尽力确保本文件所提供的所有信息的准确性。此处为名词作宾语，accurate的名词为accuracy意为“准确性”，且为不可数名词。故填accuracy。
34．Inhibition (压抑) in adulthood seems to be very clearly a (reflect) of a person’s experiences as a child.
【答案】reflection
【详解】考查名词。句意：成年期的抑制似乎非常清楚地反映了一个人小时候的经历。短语a reflection of表示“反映”。故填reflection。
35．An (assume) behind UK insurance for driverless cars insists that a human “be watchful and monitoring the road” at every moment.
【答案】assumption
【详解】考查名词。句意：英国无人驾驶汽车保险背后的一个假设坚持认为，人类每时每刻都“保持警惕并监控道路”。空前有An，空处作主语，assume的名词形式assumption符合题意，意为“假设，假定”，且用单数形式。故填assumption。
36．The charity shop is a British (institute), selling everything from clothes to electric goods, all at very good prices.
【答案】institution
【详解】考查名词。句意：这家慈善商店是一家英国机构，出售从衣服到电器的各种商品，价格都很公道。空处被a British修饰，作表语，institute的名词形式institution符合题意，意为“机构”，且用单数形式。故填institution。
37．A (train) is someone who is employed at a low level in a particular job in order to learn the skills needed for that job.
【答案】trainee
【详解】考查名词。句意：受训者是在特定工作中以低级别受雇以学习该工作所需技能的人。空格处用trainee“受训者”，根据空前的A可知，用单数形式，作主语。故填trainee。
38．As a (journal), Tom always has a good nose for a good story, so he does well in his job.
【答案】journalist
【详解】考查名词。句意：作为一名记者，汤姆总是对好故事有敏锐的嗅觉，所以他的工作做得很好。结合不定冠词a，用可数名词journalist“新闻记者；新闻工作者”的单数形式，作as宾语。故填journalist。
39．The (explode) had left a hole more than forty miles across-much too huge to be seen from anywhere at ground level.
【答案】explosion
【详解】考查名词。句意：爆炸留下了一个40多英里宽的洞——太大了，从地面上的任何地方都看不见。作主语，应用名词explosion，不可数。故填explosion。
40．This kind of tortoise, once considered to have died out, is back with careful (conserve).
【答案】conservation
【详解】考查名词。句意：这种曾被认为已经灭绝的乌龟在精心保护下又回来了。空处需要用名词conservation“保护”，作with的宾语。故填conservation。
41．Almost one third say they now use a wider (vary)of ingredients(配料)than they used to,and just under 1 in 4 say they now buy better quality ingredients than before.
【答案】variety
【详解】考查名词。句意：近三分之一的人表示，他们现在使用的配料比以前更加多样化，而将近四分之一的人表示，他们现在购买的配料比以前质量更好。根据空前的冠词+形容词可知，后面用单数名词。a variety of表示“各种各样”，故填variety。
42．With their wedding coming, they are busy making good (arrange) for it.
【答案】arrangements
【详解】考查名词。句意：随着婚礼的临近，他们正忙着为婚礼做好的安排。空处用于形容词good之后，应用名词形式arrangement，为可数名词，使用复数形式表示泛指，作动词making的宾语。故填arrangements。
43．Without (permit), children are not allowed to swim alone here because it was rather dangerous.
【答案】permission
【详解】考查名词。句意：未经允许，孩子们不允许在这里单独游泳，因为这很危险。作介词without的宾语，应用名词permission，故填permission。
44．Children with poor nutrition are supposed to eat food rich in vitamins and (mineral).
【答案】minerals
【详解】考查名词的数。句意：营养不良的孩子应该吃富含维生素和矿物质的食物。空处作介词in的宾语。mineral意为“矿物质”，这里表示不止一种，且其前没有限定词修饰，所以应用名词复数，即在mineral后加s。故填minerals。
45．As you know, the evolution of any species is largely influenced by its (interact) with other species.
【答案】interactions
【详解】考查名词。句意：如你所知，任何物种的进化在很大程度上都受到它与其他物种的相互作用的影响。空处作介词by的宾语，应用名词interaction，为可数名词，使用复数形式表示泛指。故填interactions。
46．It turned out that his proposal received a generally favourable (react).
【答案】reaction
【详解】考查名词的用法。句意：结果表明，他的提议得到了普遍的好评。空格处需要一个名词来作received的宾语，a generally favourable修饰这个宾语。react是动词，需要转换成名词形式。reaction是react的名词形式，意为“反应”，在此句中指“评价”或“反响”，符合句意。故填 reaction。
47．That’s the (conclude) scientists in Cambridge have drawn from an experiment with tens of thousands of volunteers.
【答案】conclusion
【详解】考查名词。句意：这是剑桥大学的科学家们通过对数万名志愿者的实验得出的结论。作表语，结合上文定冠词可知应用名词conclusion，故填conclusion。
48．All the (suffer) will pass and we should be positive about future.
【答案】suffering(s)
【详解】考查名词。句意：所有的痛苦都会过去，我们应该对未来持积极态度。作主语，应用名词suffering，可用单数可用复数。故填sufferings/suffering。
49．So to try to change a distinctly modern behavior, lawmakers and public health (expert) are reaching back to an old approach.
【答案】experts
【详解】考查名词复数。句意：因此，为了改变这种明显的现代行为，立法者和公共卫生专家正在回归旧方法。expert“专家”，可数名词，此处和lawmakers并列作主语，使用名词复数形式，故填experts。
50．The damage caused by the tsunami would make it difficult to deliver food and supplies to (survive)．
【答案】survivors
【详解】考查名词。句意：海啸造成的破坏将使向幸存者运送食物和物资变得困难。分析句子可知，此空应填名词作介词后宾语，survivor表“幸存者”，为可数名词，符合句意。且这里指不止一个幸存者，所以应用复数形式。故填survivors。
51．Even though our earth is rich in water resource, there is still a (short) of water in many places because ocean water can’t be used directly.
【答案】shortage
【详解】考查名词。句意：尽管我们的地球水资源丰富，但在许多地方仍然缺水，因为海水不能直接使用。a后跟可数名词的单数形式，short的名词是shortage，意为“短缺”，作主语，a shortage of (缺乏)。故填shortage。
52．The test is an investigation into children’s (appreciate) for life beyond the screen.
【答案】appreciation
【详解】考查名词。句意：该测试旨在调查儿童对屏幕之外的生活的领会程度。结合句意和空格前所有格可知，提示词作宾语，用名词appreciation，意为“领会”，不可数名词。故填appreciation。
53．There is a growing (tend) to regard quality of life more highly than money.
【答案】tendency
【详解】考查名词。句意：人们越来越重视生活质量而不是金钱。在there be句型中作主语，结合不定冠词，可知应用单数名词tendency。故填tendency。
54．The film has raised the audiences’ (aware) and enhanced their love and belief in Chinese culture.
【答案】awareness
【详解】考查名词。句意：这部电影提高了观众的意识，增强了他们对中国文化的热爱和信仰。此处作宾语，应用名词awareness (意识)，不可数名词。故填awareness。
55．A (beg) is someone who lives by asking people for money or food.
【答案】beggar
【详解】考查名词。句意：乞丐是靠向别人要钱或食物为生的人。空处需填名词beggar，作主语，不定冠词a修饰单数可数名词。故填beggar。
56．Trends toward the (global) of industry have dramatically affected food production in California.
【答案】globalization
【详解】考查名词。句意：工业全球化的趋势极大地影响了加州的粮食生产。此空为名词作宾语，global的名词为globalization意为“全球化”，且为不可数名词。故填globalization。
57．On the (base) of your basic knowledge about the history of the Tang Dynasty, I think it easier for you to understand Tang poems.
【答案】basis
【详解】考查名词。句意：基于你对唐朝历史的基本了解，我认为你更容易理解唐诗。分析句子可知，设空处用作介词On的宾语，构成固定短语on the basis of表示“基于”，故填basis。
58．Right. What I want now is two (volunteer) to come down to the front.
【答案】volunteers
【详解】考查名词的数。句意：好。我现在想要的是两名志愿者来到前面。volunteer意为“志愿者”，为可数名词，空前有two，这里应用名词复数。故填volunteers。
59．With a (register) fee of just 50 dollars per child, children under the age of 12 can join the design club.
【答案】registration
【详解】考查名词。句意：每个孩子只需50美元的注册费，12岁以下的孩子就可以加入设计俱乐部。分析可知，空处应为名词作定语修饰fee，register明词形式为registration，是不可数名词，故填registration。
60．It was the staff’s resolution and (persevere) that helped this corporation carry through its goal and succeed eventually.
【答案】perseverance
【详解】考查名词。句意：是员工的决心和毅力帮助这家公司实现了目标并最终取得了成功。空处和名词resolution并列作强调句的主语，应用名词形式perseverance，perseverance为不可数名词，故填perseverance。
题组C 各地市真题模拟练
（24-25高三上·河南·阶段练习）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Moutai is a strong, clear spirit drink, a brand of Baijiu that’s distilled (蒸馏) from fermented sorghum(发酵的高粱), wheat, and water from the Chishui River. Its unique flavor has survived 1 (century) of change in China, from the Qing Dynasty to 2 21st century.
The taste of Moutai liquor is very elegant, exquisite (强烈的) and 3 (harmony). The production of Moutai relies entirely 4 its unique natural environment and conditions. Moutai cannot be produced outside Moutai Town. In China, people usually drink Baijiu with lunch or dinner; it depends on what kind of person you are. But it’s always drunk neat. You hold your glass up and say Ganbei, 5 means bottoms up. 6 (typical), if you open a bottle of Baijiu, it’s expected that you’ll finish it with your company. Moutai liquor is like a book of history, 7 (document) every major historical moment of our country. Moutai expresses something more—heritage, culture, honor, and respect. Cultural reputation and soaring sorghum costs 8 (see) Moutai prices skyrocket over the past few years. Lately, attempts have been made 9 (drive) the price down to a more affordable level, opening it up to China’s market of middle- class workers and urban trendsetters.
No drink reflects the story of modern China 10 (well) than Moutai, from winning awards to easing international relations, from antique auctions to contemporary cocktails.
【答案】
1．centuries 2．the 3．harmonious 4．on 5．which 6．Typically 7．documenting 8．have seen 9．to drive 10．better
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了茅台酒。它是一种源自中国茅台镇的高粱酒，以其独特风味历经数世纪而不衰，承载着丰富的文化遗产与荣誉。近年来，其价格因文化声誉和成本上涨而飙升，现正努力调整以适应更广泛的市场。
1．考查名词。句意：从清朝到21世纪，它的独特风味在中国经历了几个世纪的变化。本空考查固定短语centuries of，意为“数百年的；几个世纪的”。故填centuries。
2．考查冠词。从清朝到21世纪，它的独特风味在中国经历了几个世纪的变化。设空处后为序数词21st，空处需填定冠词the，表示特指。故填the。
3．考查形容词。句意：茅台酒的味道非常优雅、精致、和谐。and为表示并列的连词，空处与形容词elegant和exquisite并列，故空处需填形容词，作表语，harmony为名词，其形容词为harmonious。故填harmonious。
4．考查介词。句意：茅台的生产完全依赖于其独特的自然环境和条件。本空考查固定短语rely on，意为“依靠，依赖”。故填on。
5．考查非限制性定语从句。句意：你举起杯子说“干杯”，意思是干杯。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Ganbei，关系词指物且在从句中作主语，需用关系代词which引导。故填which。
6．考查副词。句意：一般来说，如果你开了一瓶白酒，你应该和你的同伴一起喝完。空处修饰整个句子，应用副词形式，作状语，位于句首，首字母大写。故填Typically。
7．考查非谓语动词。句意：茅台就像一本历史书，记载着我国每一个重要的历史时刻。is为谓语动词，空处需填非谓语动词作状语，Moutai liquor和document为主谓关系，需填现在分词形式。故填documenting。
8．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：在过去的几年里，文化声誉和不断上涨的高粱成本导致茅台价格大幅上涨。空处为句子的谓语，根据时间状语over the past few years可知，此处使用现在完成时，主语为Cultural reputation and rising sorghum costs，是复数主语，助动词使用have。故填have seen。
9．考查非谓语动词。句意：最近，人们试图将价格降至更实惠的水平，向中国中产阶级工人和城市潮流引领者市场开放。 have been made为谓语动词，空处需填非谓语动词作状语，应用动词不定式形式表示目的。故填to drive。
10．考查副词的比较级。句意：从获奖到缓和国际关系，从古董拍卖到当代鸡尾酒，没有什么酒能比茅台更能反映现代中国的故事了。根据空后than可知，空处需填副词well的比较级better，作状语修饰动词reflect。故填better。
（24-25高三上·江苏常州·期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Yin and yang, or yin-yang, is a complex relational concept in Chinese philosophy, 1 (date) back 3,000 years, to the 9th century B．C． Briefly put, the meaning of yin and yang is 2 the universe is governed by sets of two 3 (oppose) and interdependent principles or energies that can be observed in nature. Generally speaking, yin is characterized 4 an inward energy that is female, cold, dark, and negative, while yang is an outward energy that is male, hot, bright, and positive.
Yin and yang elements come in pairs — such as the moon and the sun, female and male, dark and bright, cold and hot, passive and active, and so on — 5 note that yin and yang form the unity of opposites, neither of which can exist independent of 6 other. They are interdependent and 7 (constant); transforming into each other. If yin is getting 8 (strong), yang will be weaker, and vice versa. In other words, yin elements can contain certain parts of yang, and yang can have some parts of yin. This balance of yin and yang is believed 9 (exist) in everything.
The idea 10 (influence) Chinese philosophers for thousands of years, including Lao Tzu and Confucius. It underlies Asian martial arts, medicine, science, literature, politics, daily behavior and beliefs.
【答案】
1．dating 2．that 3．opposing 4．as 5．but 6．the 7．constantly 8．stronger 9．to exist 10．has influenced/has been influencing
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国的阴阳文化以及其中的哲学概念。
1．考查非谓语动词。句意：阴阳是中国哲学中一个复杂的关系概念，可以追溯到公元前3000年前的9世纪。 is是谓语动词，设空处为非谓语动词，此处date与philosophy构成逻辑上的主动关系，故用现在分词作定语。故填dating。
2．考查表语从句。句意：简单地说，阴阳的意思是宇宙是由两套对立的、相互依存的原则或能量所支配的，这些原则或能量可以在自然界中观察到。引导表语从句，从句不缺少成分，句意完整，故用that引导。故填that。
3．考查形容词。句意：简单地说，阴阳的意思是宇宙是由两套对立的、相互依存的原则或能量所支配的，这些原则或能量可以在自然界中观察到。修饰名词principles应用形容词opposing“对立的”，作定语。故填opposing。
4．考查介词。句意：一般来说，阴被认为是一种内向的能量，是女性的、寒冷的、黑暗的和消极的，而阳是一种外向的能量，是男性的、热的、明亮的和积极的。短语be characterized as表示“被描述为，具有……的特征”。故填as。
5．考查连词。句意：阴阳元素是成对出现的，比如月亮和太阳，女性和男性，黑暗和明亮，寒冷和炎热，被动和主动，等等，但要注意，阴和阳是对立统一的，两者都不能独立存在。结合前后文语境可知为转折关系，应用连词but。故填but。
6．考查冠词。句意：阴阳元素是成对出现的，比如月亮和太阳，女性和男性，黑暗和明亮，寒冷和炎热，被动和主动，等等，但要注意，阴和阳是对立统一的，两者都不能独立存在。短语the other表示“另一个”。故填the。
7．考查副词。句意：它们相互依存，不断相互转化。修饰动词transforming应用副词constantly，作状语。故填constantly。
8．考查比较级。句意：阴越强，阳越弱，反之亦然。根据后文yang will be weaker可知为比较级。故填stronger。
9．考查非谓语动词。句意：这种阴阳平衡被认为存在于一切事物中。短语be believed to do sth.表示“被认为……”，设空处填不定式。故填to exist。
10．考查时态。句意：几千年来，这一思想一直影响着包括老子和孔子在内的中国哲学家。根据后文for thousands of years可知可用现在完成时，表示过去的动作对现在产生影响；或用现在完成进行时，表示动作持续不间断发生，主语为idea，助动词用has。故填has influenced/has been influencing。
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题组A 高考真题练
1.（2024新课标I卷）These plants included modern Western 62 (favourite) such as rosemary, lavender and fennel.
2.（2024全国甲卷）They all agreed and vowed (承诺) to promote the idea at the 68 ( complete ) of their journey.
3.（2024浙江1月卷）Many supermarkets are no longer doing “buy one get one free” promotions because of the __________ (criticize) that they lead to waste.
4.（2024新课标I卷）The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route that brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the 65 (rich) of gardening in England.
5. （2024新课标II卷）Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international ___62___ (visible), said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed to find the connection between the two great writers.
6.（2024新课标II卷）Although they could never have met, there are common ___57___ (theme)in their works, said Paul Edmondson, head of research for the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust.
7.（2024全国甲卷）Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level, the national parks, in particular, tend to catch our attention because of their large size and variety. They are 62 (treasure) of American heritage (遗产).
8.（2023新课标II卷）They also need to be ready to give (interview) in English with international journalists.
9. (2023新课标II卷）Since June 2017, right before the __________ (arrive) of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and confident speaking English.
题组B 易错题强化练
1．Some praised it as a sensible step that could prevent conflicts while others questioned its (important), nothing that students might still lack a deep understanding of each other when making decisions.
2．The performance brings a fresh perspective to the stage, bringing viewers into a heartwarming tale of (brave) and sacrifice, winning waves of applause.
3．Efforts have been made to regenerate local traditions so far, which not only enriches the culture (diverse) of the countryside, but also creates new opportunities for cultural tourism and sustainable development.
4．She would help me whenever I was in trouble and would give me (confident) when I lost heart.
5．The volunteer team performed operas and traditional music in Hotan and Kashgar. Local (art) also performed Uygur dance and music.
6．The ministry will state a 14th five-year plan on urban and rural living environment planning and take (measure) to bring eco-environment, construction and social and cultural environment into line while promoting green development of regions and cities.
7．Sha Xiaolan, chief director of the ceremony, said the show also extended heartfelt gratitude to all the volunteers whose (contribute) have been important in the success of the Games.
8．The (benefit) of exercise are endless: a healthier body together with a slimmer figure and a happier mood.
9．In recent years, with the rise in (popular) of the guochao trends, contemporary artists have transformed Dunhuang’s age-old art into creative cultural products that attract young consumers.
10．When wind blows above a skywell house, it can enter the indoor space through the (open).
11．The (combine) of these panda reserves is an enthusiastic commitment by the Chinese government to protect these extraordinary animals.
12．The local authority plans an area of 12 square kilometers for potential (tourist) attracted by the new road.
13．Issued by the People’s Bank of China, the country’s central bank, the digital yuan is designed to be treated as M0, meaning cash in (circulate), such as coins and banknotes.
14．The (construct) of those rock carvings dates back to 650, and continued into the 17th century.
15．The expressway, with an (invest) of 30.2 billion yuan, will open to traffic by the end of next year.
16．Usually with one class a week, these schools offer short learning courses regarding (subject) from dancing to vocal training.
17．Her work drew the attention of Future Farmers of America, which gave her some money for (supply) and seeds.
18．The security system uses facial (recognize) to identify visitors.
19． She received a special award in (acknowledge) of all her hard work.
20．She failed to live up to her parents (expect) .
21．Owning a lovable, cuddly pet can unquestionably make one’s home life better and apparently, it can affect pet (owner) professional lives as well.
22．The doctor was very pleased that most of his (patient) health improved after the treatment.
23．During a visit earlier this year to the crowded and noisy market in the (city) Wuning subdistrict, Mao Fenghua, head of the local trade union federation, found a child doing homework near a street stall.
24．The rapid (respond) of the firefighters helped to minimize the damage caused by the fire.
25．Looking forward, we should invest in new technologies and innovative thinking that open the door to a whole new world where we decrease (rely) on fossil fuels.
26．But with no (compass), satellites or radios, how did they manage to map the globe so impressively
27．A growing number of (educate) say the panic about AI is a lot like the panic caused by the Internet when it was new.
28．Zhao reproduces each element described in papers on the history of life in an artistic way, and the (blank) in scientific research are filled by his logic and imagination.
29．For years, a panel of (special) discussed and assessed different means of repairing the pagoda.
30．In the (distant), elephants were eating grass, ears flapping lazily as they moved slowly over the plains.
31．Her acquaintance with a little boy on a train provided the (inspire) for the description of the main character in her novel.
32．Although he has sought to find a peaceful (solve), he is facing pressure to use greater military force.
33．Every care has been taken to ensure the (accurate) of all information given in this file.
34．Inhibition (压抑) in adulthood seems to be very clearly a (reflect) of a person’s experiences as a child.
35．An (assume) behind UK insurance for driverless cars insists that a human “be watchful and monitoring the road” at every moment.
36．The charity shop is a British (institute), selling everything from clothes to electric goods, all at very good prices.
37．A (train) is someone who is employed at a low level in a particular job in order to learn the skills needed for that job.
38．As a (journal), Tom always has a good nose for a good story, so he does well in his job.
39．The (explode) had left a hole more than forty miles across-much too huge to be seen from anywhere at ground level.
40．This kind of tortoise, once considered to have died out, is back with careful (conserve).
41．Almost one third say they now use a wider (vary)of ingredients(配料)than they used to,and just under 1 in 4 say they now buy better quality ingredients than before.
42．With their wedding coming, they are busy making good (arrange) for it.
43．Without (permit), children are not allowed to swim alone here because it was rather dangerous.
44．Children with poor nutrition are supposed to eat food rich in vitamins and (mineral).
45．As you know, the evolution of any species is largely influenced by its (interact) with other species.
46．It turned out that his proposal received a generally favourable (react).
47．That’s the (conclude) scientists in Cambridge have drawn from an experiment with tens of thousands of volunteers.
48．All the (suffer) will pass and we should be positive about future.
49．So to try to change a distinctly modern behavior, lawmakers and public health (expert) are reaching back to an old approach.
50．The damage caused by the tsunami would make it difficult to deliver food and supplies to (survive)．
51．Even though our earth is rich in water resource, there is still a (short) of water in many places because ocean water can’t be used directly.
52．The test is an investigation into children’s (appreciate) for life beyond the screen.
53．There is a growing (tend) to regard quality of life more highly than money.
54．The film has raised the audiences’ (aware) and enhanced their love and belief in Chinese culture.
55．A (beg) is someone who lives by asking people for money or food.
56．Trends toward the (global) of industry have dramatically affected food production in California.
57．On the (base) of your basic knowledge about the history of the Tang Dynasty, I think it easier for you to understand Tang poems.
58．Right. What I want now is two (volunteer) to come down to the front.
59．With a (register) fee of just 50 dollars per child, children under the age of 12 can join the design club.
60．It was the staff’s resolution and (persevere) that helped this corporation carry through its goal and succeed eventually.
题组C 各地市真题模拟练
（24-25高三上·河南·阶段练习）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Moutai is a strong, clear spirit drink, a brand of Baijiu that’s distilled (蒸馏) from fermented sorghum(发酵的高粱), wheat, and water from the Chishui River. Its unique flavor has survived 1 (century) of change in China, from the Qing Dynasty to 2 21st century.
The taste of Moutai liquor is very elegant, exquisite (强烈的) and 3 (harmony). The production of Moutai relies entirely 4 its unique natural environment and conditions. Moutai cannot be produced outside Moutai Town. In China, people usually drink Baijiu with lunch or dinner; it depends on what kind of person you are. But it’s always drunk neat. You hold your glass up and say Ganbei, 5 means bottoms up. 6 (typical), if you open a bottle of Baijiu, it’s expected that you’ll finish it with your company. Moutai liquor is like a book of history, 7 (document) every major historical moment of our country. Moutai expresses something more—heritage, culture, honor, and respect. Cultural reputation and soaring sorghum costs 8 (see) Moutai prices skyrocket over the past few years. Lately, attempts have been made 9 (drive) the price down to a more affordable level, opening it up to China’s market of middle- class workers and urban trendsetters.
No drink reflects the story of modern China 10 (well) than Moutai, from winning awards to easing international relations, from antique auctions to contemporary cocktails.
（24-25高三上·江苏常州·期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Yin and yang, or yin-yang, is a complex relational concept in Chinese philosophy, 1 (date) back 3,000 years, to the 9th century B．C． Briefly put, the meaning of yin and yang is 2 the universe is governed by sets of two 3 (oppose) and interdependent principles or energies that can be observed in nature. Generally speaking, yin is characterized 4 an inward energy that is female, cold, dark, and negative, while yang is an outward energy that is male, hot, bright, and positive.
Yin and yang elements come in pairs — such as the moon and the sun, female and male, dark and bright, cold and hot, passive and active, and so on — 5 note that yin and yang form the unity of opposites, neither of which can exist independent of 6 other. They are interdependent and 7 (constant); transforming into each other. If yin is getting 8 (strong), yang will be weaker, and vice versa. In other words, yin elements can contain certain parts of yang, and yang can have some parts of yin. This balance of yin and yang is believed 9 (exist) in everything.
The idea 10 (influence) Chinese philosophers for thousands of years, including Lao Tzu and Confucius. It underlies Asian martial arts, medicine, science, literature, politics, daily behavior and beliefs.
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