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定语从句（Attributive Clause）课堂讲义
——高中英语选择性必修（人教版2019）
一、定语从句基本概念
定义：在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句，相当于形容词的作用。
例句：
The book that I borrowed is interesting.（修饰名词“book”）
The girl who is singing is my sister.（修饰代词“girl”）
核心概念：
先行词：被定语从句修饰的词（如例句中的“book”和“girl”）。
关系词：连接主句和从句的词（如that, which, who, where等）。
关系词的功能：在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语或状语。
二、关系词的分类与用法
（一）关系代词
关系词 指代对象 从句中充当的成分 例句
who 人 主语、宾语 The teacher who teaches us is kind.（主语）
whom 人 宾语（可省略） The boy (whom) you met is my friend.（宾语）
which 物 主语、宾语 The pen which is on the desk is mine.（主语）
that 人或物 主语、宾语 The movie that We watched was amazing.（宾语）
whose 人或物的所属关系 定语 The girl whose bag was lost is crying.（定语）
注意：
只能用that的情况：
先行词为不定代词（all, anything, nothing等）。
先行词被最高级或序数词修饰。
先行词既有人又有物。
例句：All that you need is here.
关系副词
关系词 修饰对象 从句中充当的成分 例句
where 地点 状语（=介词+which） This is the park where we played.（= in which）
when 时间 状语（=介词+which） I remember the day when we met.（= on which）
why 原因（reason） 状语（= for which） The reason why he left is unclear.
注意：
如果先行词是地点/时间/原因，但从句中缺主语或宾语，则用关系代词（which/that）。
例：The time that I spent was unforgettable.
三、特殊用法与难点突破
1. whose的替换用法
人：whose + n = the + n + of whom
例句：The girl whose eyes are blue = The girl the eyes of whom are blue.
物：whose + n = the + n + of which
例句：The house whose roof is red = The house the roof of which is red.
2. as的用法
非限制性定语从句（指代整个句子）：位置灵活，可放句首、句中或句末。
例：As we all know, the earth is round.
限制性定语从句：与such, the same连用。
例：He bought the same bike as I have.
3. way作先行词
从句中作状语：可用that/in which/不填。
例：I like the way (that) you speak.
从句中作主语/宾语：用关系代词。
例：The way that works is simple.
4. 抽象地点名词（situation, case等）
若从句缺状语，用where；否则用关系代词。
例：We reached a point where we had to stop.（状语）
四、常见错误与纠错练习
多余宾语：
The book that I bought it is good.
The book that I bought is good.
介词错误：
The house where he lives in is old.
The house where he lives is old.
关系词缺失：
Children eat too much sugar often get sick.
Children who eat too much sugar often get sick.
五、综合练习
用适当关系词填空：
1.He is the teacher ______ taught me English.
2.This is the reason ______ I was late.
3.The book ______ cover is red is mine..
4.（2024年高考题）新高考I卷：
The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design,to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing the steps along the Silk Route__________brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the richness of gardening in England.
（2024年高考题）新高考II卷：Chinese cultural elements commemorating Tang Xianzu,______is known as“the Shakespeare of Asia,”add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon,William Shakespeare’s hometown.
（2024年高考题） 新高考II卷：Of course,shops are not charities—they price goods in the way_________will make them the most money.
（2023年高考题）全国甲卷：Yellowstone was the largest United States national park—2.2 million acres—until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, _____became a national monument in 1978,took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million.
( 2023年模拟题) 浙江金华第一中学校联考二模：Proposed in May last year by Conor Gallapher, the plan seeks to address the shortage of available garden space in response to rising demand in towns and cities,particularly in London,_______there are waiting lists of up to 40 years for allotment sites.
9.( 2023年模拟题) 山东师范大学附中校考模拟预测：The doctor may also ask the patient about stress at work or home and any difficulties_________may be causing the patient to be out of balance.
答案：
1.who/that; 2.why; 3.whose；4.that/which 5. who 6. that/which 7. which 8.where 9.that/which
六、总结与课后任务
四字箴言：瞻前顾后（看先行词，分析从句成分）。
课后作业：整理5个定语从句例句并分析成分。
七、板书设计：
定语从句 = 先行词 + 关系词 + 从句
关系代词：who, whom, which, that, whose
关系副词：where, when, why

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