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专题09 定语从句
目录
01考情透视·目标导航 2
02知识导图·思维引航 3
03考点突破·考向探究 4
考点一 考查限制性定语从句中的关系代词 4
【真题研析】 4
【核心精讲】 4
【命题预测】 6
考点二 考查限制性定语从句中的关系副词 6
【真题研析】 6
【核心精讲】 6
【命题预测】 7
考点三 考查非限制性定语从句的关系词 7
【真题研析】 7
【核心精讲】 8
【命题预测】 10
考点四 考查“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 11
【真题研析】 11
【核心精讲】 11
【命题预测】 12
04 重难点突破 定语从句基本知识的综合运用 12
定语从句
考点 目标要求 考题统计及展示 考情分析
考查限制性定语从句中的关系代词 熟练掌握限制性定语从句中的关系代词的用法，通晓先行词在定语从句作的成分 （2024·新高考I卷）64.which或that （2024年1月浙江高考真题）58.which或that （2023·全国乙卷）which/that (2023年新高考Ⅰ卷)that 从近三年高考试题来看，试题以语法填空的形式命题，题目中等偏易，以考查学生对有关定语从句的理解和应用，强化语言运用能力和语境理解。 预计在2025年高考中，以语法填空的形式命题。定语从句是常考点。
考查限制性定语从句中的关系副词 熟练掌握限制性定语从句中的关系副词的用法及先行词在定语从句中作的成分 （2020新课标I卷）where （2021天津卷）when
考查非限制性定语从句的关系词 掌握非限制性定语从句的关系词的用法 (2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)36.who (2024·全国甲卷50.which （2023·全国甲卷）as （2023·全国甲卷）where （2022·全国甲卷）who
考查“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 考查根据语境选择恰当的形容词和副词，核心是语言的准确性和得体性 （2021·天津卷3月）from which (2020·江苏卷)from which
考点一 考查限制性定语从句中的关系代词
1．(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route 64 brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the richness of gardening in England.
2.（2024年1月浙江高考真题）Of course, shops are not charities — they price goods in the way 58 will make them the most money.
3.（2023·全国乙卷）But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place ______welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life,with 21st-century architectural wonders standing side by side with historical buildings of the past.
4.(2023年新高考Ⅰ卷) The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species ______ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.
只用that而不用which的情况
当先行词是all，much，little，few，everything等不定代词或被不定代词修饰时。
There is nothing that we can do now.现在我们什么也做不了。
定语从句中的关系代词
1.关系代词的基本用法
关系代词 先行词 在从句中的作用
who 人 主语、宾语
whom 人 宾语
which 物 主语、宾语
that 人或物 主语、宾语、表语
whose 人或物 定语
as 人或物 主语、宾语、表语
2．只用that不用which引导定语从句的情况
(1)先行词为不定代词anything, nothing, something, everything, all, some, none, little, few, the one等时。
◆I refuse to accept the blame for something that was someone else's fault.
我拒绝接受因别人的错误而对我进行的指责。
(2)先行词是形容词最高级或序数词，或先行词前有形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。
◆The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill.
他们在桂林参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。
(3)先行词被the only, the very, the last, the same, any, every, each, few, little, no, some, all等修饰时。
◆The only part of the meal that I really liked was the dessert.
这顿饭只有甜点是我真正爱吃的。
(4)先行词中既有表示人又有表示物的名词时。
◆They will never forget the things and persons that they've seen or heard of during their long journey.
他们将永远不会忘记在他们的长途旅行中见到或听说过的人和事。
3．as和which的区别
关系代词as和which都可以用来引导非限制性定语从句，指代主句或主句中的名词或短语，一般情况下二者可互换使用，但有下列区别：
(1)which引导的非限制性定语从句只能位于主句之后，as引导的从句可位于主句之前、之中和之后。
①As anybody can see, a computer can do almost everything people can.
＝A computer can do almost everything people can，as anybody can see.任何人都明白，计算机几乎能做人所能做的一切事。
②Therefore, this time I will introduce Tang Poetry to you, which is of great help in learning Chinese.因此，这次我将向你介绍唐诗，这将非常有助于你学习汉语。
(2)as常用的这种类似插入语的句式有：
as the saying goes, as is said above, as is mentioned above, as often happens, as is often the case, as is reported in the newspaper等。
She passed the exam, as was expected.
她通过了考试，这是预料之中的事。
(1)whom、which、that在从句中作宾语时可省略；但介词提前时不能省略，也不能用that；
(2)as用在限制性定语从句中时，常用于下列句式：such＋名词＋as(像……一样的，像……之类的)；the same＋名词＋as(和……同样的)。
Such machines as are used in our workshop are made in China.
像在我们车间使用的机器是中国制造的。
1.（2025·湖北省重点高中智学联盟高三联考）During the Warring States period, people lived along the banks of the Min River were troubled by annual flooding.
2.（2025·广东省部分学校高三大联考）By comparing the plant with several known Oreocharis species, the researchers have confirmed it is a new species has many unique characteristics.
3.（2025·甘青宁三省多校高三九月联考）In the most southwestern part of China, the mountainous Yunnan province, you can see wild tea trees have stood there for thousands of years.
考点二 考查限制性定语从句中的关系副词
1.（2020新课标I卷）Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot __________ it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth.
2.（2021天津卷）In the spring, a season ________ we are learning new rhythms of life，many of us find comfort in the natural world.
定语从句中的关系副词
关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词 先行词 在从句中的作用
when 时间名词 时间状语
where 地点名词或抽象名词(situation, point, activity，case, stage等) 地点状语
why the reason 原因状语
①We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, when the weather may be better.
我们将把在公园的野餐推迟到下周，届时天气可能会更好。
②Students should involve themselves in community activities where they can gain experience for growth.
学生们应该参加社团活动，在这些活动中他们可以获得成长的经验。
当先行词为situation、case、stage、point等，且关系词在定语从句中作状语时，也要用关系副词where引导。
1.（2025·辽宁省名校联盟（东北三省三校）高三联考）On the other hand, the Chinese Spring Festival is a festival marking the turn of the calendar year. It’s a time ________ millions of people travel home to be with their families, engaging in traditions such as cleaning houses, cooking special dishes, and setting off fireworks.
2.（2025·辽宁省普通高中高三期中）It has become a cultural landmark of the Yellow River Basin visitors can view the river passing through the city and watch exhibitions showing its long history and diverse cultures.
3.（2025·吉林长春模拟）The girl refused to tell the reason _________she became interested in the film.
考点三 考查非限制性定语从句的关系词
1．(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)Chinese cultural elements commemorating (纪念) Tang Xianzu, ___36___ is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia,” add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare’s hometown.
2.(2024·全国甲卷)Yellowstone was the largest United States national park—2.2 million acres—until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, 50 became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres.
3.（2023·全国甲卷）Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, 　　　　　　 Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow”.
which与as引导非限制性定语从句的三点区别：
4.（2023·全国甲卷）Carson uses a simple, direct style common to fable. In fact, her style and tone (口吻) are seemingly directed at children. “There was once a town in the heart of America, 　　　　　　 all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co-existence with its surroundings,” her fable begins, borrowing some familiar words from many age-old fables.
5.（2022·全国甲卷）On the 1,100. Kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, ______ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three province.
非限制性定语从句
1．功能、特点和引导词
功能：可修饰名词，也可修饰整个主句，对它们起补充说明作用
特点：用逗号与被修饰的名词或句子隔开
关系代词 which, whom, who, whose, as
关系副词 when, where, why
2.关系代词和关系副词的使用
(1)用来修饰名词的非限制性定语从句
引导词在任何情况下都不能省略
不能用that作引导词
除上述两点外，和限制性定语从句的使用方法一样
①Last week we went to the nearby park, where we had a good time.
上周我们去了附近的公园，在那里玩得很高兴。
②He is reading a letter, which came from his friend.
他正在看一封他的朋友寄来的信。　
(2)用来修饰整个句子的非限制性定语从句
which引导的定语从句，可修饰整个句子
位置：放在主句后面
意义：这一点，这件事
as引导的定语从句，可修饰整个句子
位置：主句前、中、后都可以
意义：正如
①He passed the exam, which made his parents happy.
他通过了考试，这使他父母很高兴。
②As you can see, we're still working.
正如你看到的，我们仍在工作。　
(3)定语从句中的主谓一致
关系代词在句中作主语，从句谓语动词的单复数与先行词保持一致
先行词为“one of＋复数名词”时，从句谓语动词用复数形式；先行词为“the (only/very/right) one of＋复数名词”结构时，从句谓语动词用单数形式
①This is the suggestion which I think is very valuable.
这是我认为非常有价值的建议。
②He is one of the students who are praised by the teacher. 他是老师表扬的学生之一。(比较：He is the only one of the students who is praised by the teacher. 他是唯一受到老师表扬的学生。)
限制性与非限制性定语从句的区别
限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句
与先行词关系密切，删除后影响整个意思的表达 与先行词关系不密切，是一种补充说明，删除后不影响整个意思的表达
不用逗号分开 一般用逗号分开
可用关系代词that 不可用关系代词that
关系代词that，who，which/whom在从句中作宾语时可以省略 关系代词不可以省略
关系代词whom作宾语时可用who或that替代 关系代词不能替代
读时不停顿 读时停顿，用降调
只可以修饰名词或代词，不可以修饰句子 既可修饰名词或代词，也可以修饰句子，用逗号分开。
1.（2025·广东省清远市高三上学期一模）“This exhibition is really significant, 44 brings a rare opportunity for New Zealanders to engage with one of the most important cultural and religious sites in the world and facilitates people-to-people exchanges, ” said New Zealand parliament member Jenny Salesa.
2.（2025·安徽省皖豫名校联盟高三十月联考）“I had prepared for this concert for nearly a year. I am very proud and excited to display the traditional Chinese musical instrument in Cuba and communicate with local musicians,” said Hu, ____61____ went through a journey of over 50 hours from Shanghai to Havana.
2.（2025·江苏省海门中学高三第一次调研）Tang’s stories, which have consistently entertained his fellow countrymen over the centuries, nowadays delight audiences from around the world visiting his hometown, 62 the international theater exchange programs are currently hosted.
3.（2025·江苏省南京市六校联合体期中）It begins with the memories of Gao Shi, also a renowned poet
, name alone can evoke (引起，唤起) legends.
4.（2025·河南省河南部分重点高中高三大联考）Is stand-up back That’s the question Chinese comedy fans found themselves asking last month, streamers iQiyi and Tencent Video launched “King of Comedy: Stand-up Season” and “Stand-up Comedy and Friends”, respectively.
5.（2025·山东省第一次备考监测联考）______ everyone knows, the Silk Road symbolizes the friendship between European and Asian peoples, With a history stretching over 2,000 years, the origins of the Silk Road in China trace back to the Han Dynasty.
考点四 考查“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
1．（2021·天津卷3月） William Hastie once suggested that history informs us of past mistakes from ________ we can learn without repeating them.
2．(2020·江苏卷)Many lessons are now available online, from__________students can choose for free.
1. “介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句时，介词的宾语只能用which或whom，且不能省略。
Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon/on which school education depends.
一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。
September 30 is the day by which you must pay your bill.在9月30日之前你必须缴付账单。
2．“名词/不定代词/数词/形容词比较级或最高级＋of＋which/whom”引导的定语从句，表示部分与整体的关系。
Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears, none of which has been proved.
科学家们提出了很多关于人类为什么哭泣时流泪的理论，这些理论尚未得到证实。
Many young people，most of whom were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.
很多年轻人都去了偏远地区追求自己的梦想，他们中的大部分都受过良好的教育。
3. 在非限制性定语从句中，whose修饰物时可以换为“the＋名词＋of which”；修饰人时，可以换为“the＋名词＋of whom”。
The newly-built café， the walls of which (＝whose walls) are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, especially after hard work.
这家新建成的咖啡馆，墙被刷成了浅绿色，对我们来说，真是一个安静的地方，特别是在辛苦工作后。
“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
1. “介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句时，介词的宾语只能用which或whom，且不能省略。
Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon/on which school education depends.
一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。
2．“名词/不定代词/数词/形容词比较级或最高级＋of＋which/whom”引导的定语从句，表示部分与整体的关系。
Many young people，most of whom were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.
很多年轻人都去了偏远地区追求自己的梦想，他们中的大部分都受过良好的教育。
3. 在非限制性定语从句中，whose修饰物时可以换为“the＋名词＋of which”；修饰人时，可以换为“the＋名词＋of whom”。
The newly-built café， the walls of which (＝whose walls) are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, especially after hard work.
这家新建成的咖啡馆，墙被刷成了浅绿色，对我们来说，真是一个安静的地方，特别是在辛苦工作后。
1.（2025·广东省茂名市区域高三联考）The dances, through people can improve coordination and heart health, involve detailed footwork and rhythmic movements.
2.（2024·江苏省南师大灌云附中、灌南二中阶段性联考） There are many different types of quyi-performance in China, such as comic dialogues, degu, pingshu and shuanghuang, among the crosstalk is most popular,
3.（2024·湖北省宜荆荆随10月联考）It took them six months to decide on how to restore the books, most of
have suffered damage to their original binding.
04重难点突破 定语从句基本知识的综合运用
定语从句考点的解题关键：
1．认识主句结构
主句结构完整，定语从句通常是修饰、说明和限制主句中的主语、宾语或表语。
2．避免成分重复
在定语从句中，不管是关系代词还是关系副词，都已经代替先行词在定语从句中充当了某一成分，关系代词通常充当主语、宾语、表语等；关系副词通常充当状语。因此，定语从句中不能再出现与关系代词或关系副词相重复的成分。
3．确定句子成分
首先要结合选项对题干进行整体感知，确定定语从句的位置及其涉及的内容；其次，根据定语从句中所缺少的成分，分析关系词在定语从句中所作的成分，然后选出正确的选项。
4．弄清逻辑线索
在突破有关“介词＋关系代词”类型的定语从句试题时，一方面，分析定语从句中的谓语动词(该动词是不及物动词)习惯上常与什么介词搭配使用。另一方面，要考虑和先行词的搭配习惯。弄清“动词——介词——先行词”的线索对正确地确定介词非常关键。
5．“分隔式”定语从句
先行词和从句部分被谓语或状语等成分分隔时，应先把“分隔”成分分离出来，简化题干结构，再分析解答。
6．留心标点符号
有无逗号把定语从句分为限制性和非限制性两种。充分运用逗号所表达的逻辑结构和意义，对正确掌握定语从句、准确理解语境意义很有帮助。
7．注意三大从句的区别
定语从句前必须有先行词；状语从句修饰谓语动词或整个句子；而名词性从句则是单独充当主语、表语、宾语或同位语。
8．弄清位置和意义
在as或which引导的定语从句中，要注意两者引导的定语从句在整句中的位置；注意两者在翻译时的不同表达。
定语从句考点的解题注意事项：
1．确定是定语从句
空处无提示词，且空前的主句完整；空后的句子不完整，且对空前的某一名词或代词起限定作用，就要考虑填定语从句关系词。
2．掌握三步法解题技巧
(1)分清限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句。
①先行词的后面出现逗号，是非限制性定语从句。
②that不能引导非限制性定语从句。
③which引导非限制性定语从句，可以代表主句的全部或部分内容；代表整个主句时，which意为“这一点”。
④as引导非限制性定语从句，可置于句中或句首，意为“正如”。其后的谓语动词多是be seen, be known, be reported, be mentioned, be said, be often the case等。
(2)寻找先行词，判断属性(指人还是指物，表示时间，地点，还是原因)。
①先行词指人：that/who/whom/whose；
②先行词指物：that/which/whose；
③表示时间/地点/原因：when/where/why。
(3)判断定语从句所缺成分，确定关系词。
①缺少主语：that/which/who；
②缺少动词的宾语：that/which/who/whom；
③缺少定语：whose；
④缺少时间、地点或原因状语时分别用when、where、why。
1．that与which的区别
(1)只用which不用that的情况：
①当关系代词前面有介词或介词短语时；
②引导非限制性定语从句时。
(2)只用that不用which的情况：
①当先行词是all、everything、nothing、something、few、little、much等不定代词时；
②当先行词被序数词、形容词的最高级或the very、the only、any、the last等修饰时；
③先行词既有人又有物时。
2．which与as
关系词 which as
位置上 只能放在主句的后面 位置灵活，可置于句首、句中，也可置于句末
搭配上 无动词的 限制 谓语动词通常是表示感觉或心理活动的动词，如see、hear、know、expect、remember等
意思上 意为“这一点” 表示“正如……”“正像……的那样”
语法填空
（2024·浙江省浙江省金丽衢十二校高三第一次联考）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。（标黄题号为本专题考点）
Paris 2024 will be remembered as much for athletes’ medal-winning performances as for Chinese technology companies’ contributions. Chinese firms applied cloud computing and artificial intelligence in fields ranging from 1 (immerse) live broadcast experiences to athletes’ training.
Experts say the participation of Chinese companies in the sporting events 2 (demonstrate) their independent innovation capabilities. This will help improve their internationally 3 (recognize) influence while boosting their global competitiveness.
During the Paris Games, more than two-thirds of live broadcast signals were transmitted by Alibaba Cloud, 4 worldwide partner of the Paris Olympics. A record-breaking 11,000 hours of Olympics scenes 5 (distribute) to more than 200 countries and regions so far with the help of Alibaba Cloud’s global cloud infrastructure. Meanwhile, Paris 2024 was the first Summer Olympics 6 (see) the extensive use of AI technology.
Thomas Bach, the IOC president, highlighted the key areas 7 AI has been applied at this year’s Olympics. These include safeguarding against cyber abuse, creating video highlights in multiple formats and languages, 8 implementing a data capture system.
It was Baidu Inc, a Chinese tech giant, that prepared 9 is called AI-powered auxiliary training system for China’s national diving team, helping them achieve good results. “The AI system allows timely playback and scoring,” said Quan Hongchan, champion of the women’s 10-meter platform diving event, 10 (add) the system can be used to refine a diver’s movements during daily training, providing her with additional coaching support.
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)专题09 定语从句
目录
01考情透视·目标导航 2
02知识导图·思维引航 3
03考点突破·考向探究 4
考点一 考查限制性定语从句中的关系代词 4
【真题研析】 4
【核心精讲】 5
【命题预测】 6
考点二 考查限制性定语从句中的关系副词 7
【真题研析】 7
【核心精讲】 8
【命题预测】 8
考点三 考查非限制性定语从句的关系词 9
【真题研析】 9
【核心精讲】 10
【命题预测】 12
考点四 考查“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 13
【真题研析】 13
【核心精讲】 14
【命题预测】 15
04 重难点突破 定语从句基本知识的综合运用 16
定语从句
考点 目标要求 考题统计及展示 考情分析
考查限制性定语从句中的关系代词 熟练掌握限制性定语从句中的关系代词的用法，通晓先行词在定语从句作的成分 （2024·新高考I卷）64.which或that （2024年1月浙江高考真题）58.which或that （2023·全国乙卷）which/that (2023年新高考Ⅰ卷)that 从近三年高考试题来看，试题以语法填空的形式命题，题目中等偏易，以考查学生对有关定语从句的理解和应用，强化语言运用能力和语境理解。 预计在2025年高考中，以语法填空的形式命题。定语从句是常考点。
考查限制性定语从句中的关系副词 熟练掌握限制性定语从句中的关系副词的用法及先行词在定语从句中作的成分 （2020新课标I卷）where （2021天津卷）when
考查非限制性定语从句的关系词 掌握非限制性定语从句的关系词的用法 (2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)36.who (2024·全国甲卷50.which （2023·全国甲卷）as （2023·全国甲卷）where （2022·全国甲卷）who
考查“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 考查根据语境选择恰当的形容词和副词，核心是语言的准确性和得体性 （2021·天津卷3月）from which (2020·江苏卷)from which
考点一 考查限制性定语从句中的关系代词
1．(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route 64 brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the richness of gardening in England.
【答案】which/that
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：“玻璃屋”是当代设计的一个伟大成果，容纳了来自中国西南部的植物。建筑位于公园内一条小路的末端，这条小路追溯了丝路沿线，各种植物品种正是沿此线从其亚洲原生地来到英国，并由此定义了英国园艺的丰富性。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词是the Silk Route，先行词指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，用关系代词which或that引导从句。故填which/that。
2.（2024年1月浙江高考真题）Of course, shops are not charities — they price goods in the way 58 will make them the most money.
【答案】that/which
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：当然，商店不是慈善机构——他们以最赚钱的方式给商品定价。在定语从句中缺少主语，且先行词为way，所以应用关系代词that或which。故填that/which。
3.（2023·全国乙卷）But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place ______welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life,with 21st-century architectural wonders standing side by side with historical buildings of the past.
【答案】which/that　
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:除了它所有的古老建筑,北京也是一个欢迎现代生活快节奏发展的地方,21世纪的建筑奇迹与过去的历史建筑并立。本空引导定语从句,修饰名词place,本空在从句中作主语、指物,故应用关系代词which或that。
4.(2023年新高考Ⅰ卷) The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species ______ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.
【答案】that
【解析】考查定语从句关系词。句意：该计划旨在为生活在Giant Panda Range的所有物种提供更有力的保护，并显著改善该地区的生态系统健康。设空处为关系词引导限制性定语从句，先行词等于关系词，设空处在从句中作指物的主语，先行词为species，且先行词前为all修饰，只能用关系代词that。故填that。
只用that而不用which的情况
当先行词是all，much，little，few，everything等不定代词或被不定代词修饰时。
There is nothing that we can do now.现在我们什么也做不了。
定语从句中的关系代词
1.关系代词的基本用法
关系代词 先行词 在从句中的作用
who 人 主语、宾语
whom 人 宾语
which 物 主语、宾语
that 人或物 主语、宾语、表语
whose 人或物 定语
as 人或物 主语、宾语、表语
2．只用that不用which引导定语从句的情况
(1)先行词为不定代词anything, nothing, something, everything, all, some, none, little, few, the one等时。
◆I refuse to accept the blame for something that was someone else's fault.
我拒绝接受因别人的错误而对我进行的指责。
(2)先行词是形容词最高级或序数词，或先行词前有形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。
◆The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill.
他们在桂林参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。
(3)先行词被the only, the very, the last, the same, any, every, each, few, little, no, some, all等修饰时。
◆The only part of the meal that I really liked was the dessert.
这顿饭只有甜点是我真正爱吃的。
(4)先行词中既有表示人又有表示物的名词时。
◆They will never forget the things and persons that they've seen or heard of during their long journey.
他们将永远不会忘记在他们的长途旅行中见到或听说过的人和事。
3．as和which的区别
关系代词as和which都可以用来引导非限制性定语从句，指代主句或主句中的名词或短语，一般情况下二者可互换使用，但有下列区别：
(1)which引导的非限制性定语从句只能位于主句之后，as引导的从句可位于主句之前、之中和之后。
①As anybody can see, a computer can do almost everything people can.
＝A computer can do almost everything people can，as anybody can see.任何人都明白，计算机几乎能做人所能做的一切事。
②Therefore, this time I will introduce Tang Poetry to you, which is of great help in learning Chinese.因此，这次我将向你介绍唐诗，这将非常有助于你学习汉语。
(2)as常用的这种类似插入语的句式有：
as the saying goes, as is said above, as is mentioned above, as often happens, as is often the case, as is reported in the newspaper等。
She passed the exam, as was expected.
她通过了考试，这是预料之中的事。
(1)whom、which、that在从句中作宾语时可省略；但介词提前时不能省略，也不能用that；
(2)as用在限制性定语从句中时，常用于下列句式：such＋名词＋as(像……一样的，像……之类的)；the same＋名词＋as(和……同样的)。
Such machines as are used in our workshop are made in China.
像在我们车间使用的机器是中国制造的。
1.（2025·湖北省重点高中智学联盟高三联考）During the Warring States period, people lived along the banks of the Min River were troubled by annual flooding.
【答案】who
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：战国时期，居住在岷江沿岸的人们每年都受到洪水的困扰。分析句子可知，此处为定语从句，代替先行词people在从句中作主语成分，应用关系代词who作引导词。故填who。
2.（2025·广东省部分学校高三大联考）By comparing the plant with several known Oreocharis species, the researchers have confirmed it is a new species has many unique characteristics.
【答案】that/ which
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：通过与几个已知的马铃苣苔属物种进行比较，研究人员证实了它是一个具有许多独特特征的新物种。此处是定语从句，先行词species指代物，关系词在定语从句中充当主语，所以此处要用 that或 which引导这个定语从句。故填that/ which。
3.（2025·甘青宁三省多校高三九月联考）In the most southwestern part of China, the mountainous Yunnan province, you can see wild tea trees have stood there for thousands of years.
【答案】that或which
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：在中国最西南部的云南省，你可以看到已经屹立了数千年的野生茶树。“_____ have stood there for thousands of years”为定语从句，修饰先行词“wild tea trees”，且该定语从句缺少主语，又因为先行词指物，所以应用关系代词that或which引导该定语从句，且在从句中作主语。故填that或which。
考点二 考查限制性定语从句中的关系副词
1.（2020新课标I卷）Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot __________ it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth.
【答案】where
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：中国首先必须把一颗人造卫星送入月球轨道上的一个点，人造卫星可以在这个点向航天器和地球发射信号。分析句子可知，空处引导一个定语从句，先行词是a spot，关系词替代先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用where引导。故填where。
2.（2021天津卷）In the spring, a season ________ we are learning new rhythms of life，many of us find comfort in the natural world.
【答案】when
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：春天是我们学习新的生活节奏的季节，许多人在大自然中找到了舒适感。此处a season是先行词，在后面的定语从句中作时间状语，定语从句由关系副词when引导。故填when。
定语从句中的关系副词
关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词 先行词 在从句中的作用
when 时间名词 时间状语
where 地点名词或抽象名词(situation, point, activity，case, stage等) 地点状语
why the reason 原因状语
①We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, when the weather may be better.
我们将把在公园的野餐推迟到下周，届时天气可能会更好。
②Students should involve themselves in community activities where they can gain experience for growth.
学生们应该参加社团活动，在这些活动中他们可以获得成长的经验。
当先行词为situation、case、stage、point等，且关系词在定语从句中作状语时，也要用关系副词where引导。
1.（2025·辽宁省名校联盟（东北三省三校）高三联考）On the other hand, the Chinese Spring Festival is a festival marking the turn of the calendar year. It’s a time ________ millions of people travel home to be with their families, engaging in traditions such as cleaning houses, cooking special dishes, and setting off fireworks.
【答案】when
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：这是数百万人回家与家人团聚的时候，他们会从事一些传统活动，比如打扫房屋、做特别的菜肴、放烟花。空格处引导的是限制性定语从句，从句中不缺主语或宾语，先行词time是时间，因此空格处用关系副词when引导定语从句，在从句中作时间状语，故填when。
2.（2025·辽宁省普通高中高三期中）It has become a cultural landmark of the Yellow River Basin visitors can view the river passing through the city and watch exhibitions showing its long history and diverse cultures.
【答案】where
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：它已经成为黄河流域的一个文化地标，游客可以在这里看到河流穿过城市，观看展示其悠久历史和多元文化的展览。定语从句修饰先行词landmark，从句缺少地点状语，故用where引导。故填where。
3.（2025·吉林长春模拟）The girl refused to tell the reason _________she became interested in the film.
【答案】why
【解析】考查定语从句的关系副词。句意：这个女孩拒绝告诉她对这部电影感兴趣的原因。此处reason是先行词，在从句中作原因状语。故填why。
考点三 考查非限制性定语从句的关系词
1．(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)Chinese cultural elements commemorating (纪念) Tang Xianzu, ___36___ is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia,” add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare’s hometown.
【答案】who
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：为了纪念被誉为“亚洲莎士比亚”的汤显祖，中国文化元素为莎士比亚的故乡——埃文河畔的斯特拉特福增添了国际化的色彩。这里为定语从句的关系词，先行词为“Tang Xianzu”，在非限制性定语从句中担当主语，表示人，用关系代词who引导。故填who。
2.(2024·全国甲卷)Yellowstone was the largest United States national park—2.2 million acres—until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, 50 became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres.
【答案】which
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：黄石公园是美国最大的国家公园——220万英亩——直到阿拉斯加南部的朗格尔-圣伊莱亚斯，1978年成为国家纪念碑，1980年以1230万英亩成为国家公园。本空所在句子为定语从句，先行词为Wrangell-Saint Elias，从句中作主语，指物，引导非限制性定语从句用which，故填which。
3.（2023·全国甲卷）Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, 　　　　　　 Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow”.
【答案】as　
【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意:正如Rachel Carson在《明天的寓言》中所说,今天寓言的形式仍然有价值。此处是as引导的非限制性定语从句,as作says的宾语,指代前面整个句子的内容。故填as。
which与as引导非限制性定语从句的三点区别：
4.（2023·全国甲卷）Carson uses a simple, direct style common to fable. In fact, her style and tone (口吻) are seemingly directed at children. “There was once a town in the heart of America, 　　　　　　 all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co-existence with its surroundings,” her fable begins, borrowing some familiar words from many age-old fables.
【答案】where　
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:在那里所有的生命似乎都享受着和周围环境的和平共处。此处是where引导的定语从句,where在定语从句中作地点状语。故填where。
5.（2022·全国甲卷）On the 1,100. Kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, ______ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three province.
【答案】 who
【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。在1100公里的旅程中，8岁时因一次车祸失明的男子曹盛康穿过了三个省的40个城市和县。此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词为Cao Shengkang，指人，在从句中作主语。故填who。
非限制性定语从句
1．功能、特点和引导词
功能：可修饰名词，也可修饰整个主句，对它们起补充说明作用
特点：用逗号与被修饰的名词或句子隔开
关系代词 which, whom, who, whose, as
关系副词 when, where, why
2.关系代词和关系副词的使用
(1)用来修饰名词的非限制性定语从句
引导词在任何情况下都不能省略
不能用that作引导词
除上述两点外，和限制性定语从句的使用方法一样
①Last week we went to the nearby park, where we had a good time.
上周我们去了附近的公园，在那里玩得很高兴。
②He is reading a letter, which came from his friend.
他正在看一封他的朋友寄来的信。　
(2)用来修饰整个句子的非限制性定语从句
which引导的定语从句，可修饰整个句子
位置：放在主句后面
意义：这一点，这件事
as引导的定语从句，可修饰整个句子
位置：主句前、中、后都可以
意义：正如
①He passed the exam, which made his parents happy.
他通过了考试，这使他父母很高兴。
②As you can see, we're still working.
正如你看到的，我们仍在工作。　
(3)定语从句中的主谓一致
关系代词在句中作主语，从句谓语动词的单复数与先行词保持一致
先行词为“one of＋复数名词”时，从句谓语动词用复数形式；先行词为“the (only/very/right) one of＋复数名词”结构时，从句谓语动词用单数形式
①This is the suggestion which I think is very valuable.
这是我认为非常有价值的建议。
②He is one of the students who are praised by the teacher. 他是老师表扬的学生之一。(比较：He is the only one of the students who is praised by the teacher. 他是唯一受到老师表扬的学生。)
限制性与非限制性定语从句的区别
限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句
与先行词关系密切，删除后影响整个意思的表达 与先行词关系不密切，是一种补充说明，删除后不影响整个意思的表达
不用逗号分开 一般用逗号分开
可用关系代词that 不可用关系代词that
关系代词that，who，which/whom在从句中作宾语时可以省略 关系代词不可以省略
关系代词whom作宾语时可用who或that替代 关系代词不能替代
读时不停顿 读时停顿，用降调
只可以修饰名词或代词，不可以修饰句子 既可修饰名词或代词，也可以修饰句子，用逗号分开。
1.（2025·广东省清远市高三上学期一模）“This exhibition is really significant, 44 brings a rare opportunity for New Zealanders to engage with one of the most important cultural and religious sites in the world and facilitates people-to-people exchanges, ” said New Zealand parliament member Jenny Salesa.
【答案】which
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：这次展览意义重大，它为新西兰人提供了一个难得的机会，让他们能够接触到世界上最重要的文化和宗教场所之一，并促进人与人之间的交流。空处前句以逗号隔开，主干成分，空处所在句缺少主语，考虑非限制性定语从句，先行词为This exhibition，表示事物，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。
2.（2025·安徽省皖豫名校联盟高三十月联考）“I had prepared for this concert for nearly a year. I am very proud and excited to display the traditional Chinese musical instrument in Cuba and communicate with local musicians,” said Hu, ____61____ went through a journey of over 50 hours from Shanghai to Havana.
【答案】who
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：“我为这场音乐会准备了将近一年。我非常自豪和激动能在古巴展示中国传统乐器并与当地音乐家交流，”胡说道，他从上海到哈瓦那经历了50多个小时的旅程。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Hu，指人，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导。故填who。
2.（2025·江苏省海门中学高三第一次调研）Tang’s stories, which have consistently entertained his fellow countrymen over the centuries, nowadays delight audiences from around the world visiting his hometown, 62 the international theater exchange programs are currently hosted.
【答案】where
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：几个世纪以来，汤显祖的故事一直为他的同胞们带来欢乐，如今，来自世界各地的观众来到他的家乡，那里正在举办国际戏剧交流项目。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是his hometown，在从句中作地点状语，用where引导。故填where。
3.（2025·江苏省南京市六校联合体期中）It begins with the memories of Gao Shi, also a renowned poet
, name alone can evoke (引起，唤起) legends.
【答案】whose
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：它从对高适的回忆开始，高适也是一位著名的诗人，他的名字本身就能唤起传说。先行词为poet，在定语从句中作定语，关系代词为whose。故填whose。
4.（2025·河南省河南部分重点高中高三大联考）Is stand-up back That’s the question Chinese comedy fans found themselves asking last month, streamers iQiyi and Tencent Video launched “King of Comedy: Stand-up Season” and “Stand-up Comedy and Friends”, respectively.
【答案】when
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：上个月，当爱奇艺和腾讯视频分别推出《喜剧之王：单口季》和《脱口秀和Ta的朋友们》时，中国喜剧迷们发现自己在问这个问题。此处是一个非限制性的定语从句，从句中不缺主语和宾语，所以使用关系副词，先行词是last month，指代时间，因此关系副词用when。故填when。
5.（2025·山东省第一次备考监测联考）______ everyone knows, the Silk Road symbolizes the friendship between European and Asian peoples, With a history stretching over 2,000 years, the origins of the Silk Road in China trace back to the Han Dynasty.
【答案】As
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：众所周知，丝绸之路象征着欧亚人民之间的友谊。丝绸之路在中国的起源可以追溯到汉代，距今已有2000多年的历史。As everyone knows是固定短语，表示“众所周知”，as引导非限定性定语从句，表示“正如”之意。 故填As。
考点四 考查“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
1．（2021·天津卷3月） William Hastie once suggested that history informs us of past mistakes from ________ we can learn without repeating them.
【答案】which　
【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。句意：William Hastie曾提出，历史告诉我们过去的错误，我们可以从中吸取教训，以免重蹈覆辙。分析句子结构可知，该句为介词提前的定语从句。故填which指代先行词past mistakes。
2．(2020·江苏卷)Many lessons are now available online, from__________students can choose for free.
【答案】which
【解析】本题考查非限制性定语从句。句意：很多课可以在线获得，学生可以免费选择。该空引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作介词宾语，且介词前置，所以只能用which。
1. “介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句时，介词的宾语只能用which或whom，且不能省略。
Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon/on which school education depends.
一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。
September 30 is the day by which you must pay your bill.在9月30日之前你必须缴付账单。
2．“名词/不定代词/数词/形容词比较级或最高级＋of＋which/whom”引导的定语从句，表示部分与整体的关系。
Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears, none of which has been proved.
科学家们提出了很多关于人类为什么哭泣时流泪的理论，这些理论尚未得到证实。
Many young people，most of whom were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.
很多年轻人都去了偏远地区追求自己的梦想，他们中的大部分都受过良好的教育。
3. 在非限制性定语从句中，whose修饰物时可以换为“the＋名词＋of which”；修饰人时，可以换为“the＋名词＋of whom”。
The newly-built café， the walls of which (＝whose walls) are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, especially after hard work.
这家新建成的咖啡馆，墙被刷成了浅绿色，对我们来说，真是一个安静的地方，特别是在辛苦工作后。
“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
1. “介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句时，介词的宾语只能用which或whom，且不能省略。
Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon/on which school education depends.
一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。
2．“名词/不定代词/数词/形容词比较级或最高级＋of＋which/whom”引导的定语从句，表示部分与整体的关系。
Many young people，most of whom were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.
很多年轻人都去了偏远地区追求自己的梦想，他们中的大部分都受过良好的教育。
3. 在非限制性定语从句中，whose修饰物时可以换为“the＋名词＋of which”；修饰人时，可以换为“the＋名词＋of whom”。
The newly-built café， the walls of which (＝whose walls) are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, especially after hard work.
这家新建成的咖啡馆，墙被刷成了浅绿色，对我们来说，真是一个安静的地方，特别是在辛苦工作后。
1.（2025·广东省茂名市区域高三联考）The dances, through people can improve coordination and heart health, involve detailed footwork and rhythmic movements.
【答案】which
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：这些舞蹈通过详细的脚步动作和节奏性的运动，有助于提高协调性和心脏健康。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词dances，空处与空前through构成“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，先行词指物，作介词through的宾语，应用关系代词which。故填which。
2.（2024·江苏省南师大灌云附中、灌南二中阶段性联考） There are many different types of quyi-performance in China, such as comic dialogues, degu, pingshu and shuanghuang, among the crosstalk is most popular,
【答案】which
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：在中国有许多不同类型的曲艺表演，如相声、德鼓、评书和双簧，其中最受欢迎的是相声。此处为“介词+关系代词”结构非限制性定语从句修饰先行词types，作介词的宾语，指物，故填which。
3.（2024·湖北省宜荆荆随10月联考）It took them six months to decide on how to restore the books, most of
have suffered damage to their original binding.
【答案】which
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：他们花了六个月的时间来决定如何修复这些书，其中大部分书的原始装订都遭到了破坏。分析句子可知，空处和most of搭配，引导非限制性定语从句，对先行词books作补充说明，先行词指物，在从句中作of的宾语，因此应用关系代词which作引导词。故填which。
04重难点突破 定语从句基本知识的综合运用
定语从句考点的解题关键：
1．认识主句结构
主句结构完整，定语从句通常是修饰、说明和限制主句中的主语、宾语或表语。
2．避免成分重复
在定语从句中，不管是关系代词还是关系副词，都已经代替先行词在定语从句中充当了某一成分，关系代词通常充当主语、宾语、表语等；关系副词通常充当状语。因此，定语从句中不能再出现与关系代词或关系副词相重复的成分。
3．确定句子成分
首先要结合选项对题干进行整体感知，确定定语从句的位置及其涉及的内容；其次，根据定语从句中所缺少的成分，分析关系词在定语从句中所作的成分，然后选出正确的选项。
4．弄清逻辑线索
在突破有关“介词＋关系代词”类型的定语从句试题时，一方面，分析定语从句中的谓语动词(该动词是不及物动词)习惯上常与什么介词搭配使用。另一方面，要考虑和先行词的搭配习惯。弄清“动词——介词——先行词”的线索对正确地确定介词非常关键。
5．“分隔式”定语从句
先行词和从句部分被谓语或状语等成分分隔时，应先把“分隔”成分分离出来，简化题干结构，再分析解答。
6．留心标点符号
有无逗号把定语从句分为限制性和非限制性两种。充分运用逗号所表达的逻辑结构和意义，对正确掌握定语从句、准确理解语境意义很有帮助。
7．注意三大从句的区别
定语从句前必须有先行词；状语从句修饰谓语动词或整个句子；而名词性从句则是单独充当主语、表语、宾语或同位语。
8．弄清位置和意义
在as或which引导的定语从句中，要注意两者引导的定语从句在整句中的位置；注意两者在翻译时的不同表达。
定语从句考点的解题注意事项：
1．确定是定语从句
空处无提示词，且空前的主句完整；空后的句子不完整，且对空前的某一名词或代词起限定作用，就要考虑填定语从句关系词。
2．掌握三步法解题技巧
(1)分清限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句。
①先行词的后面出现逗号，是非限制性定语从句。
②that不能引导非限制性定语从句。
③which引导非限制性定语从句，可以代表主句的全部或部分内容；代表整个主句时，which意为“这一点”。
④as引导非限制性定语从句，可置于句中或句首，意为“正如”。其后的谓语动词多是be seen, be known, be reported, be mentioned, be said, be often the case等。
(2)寻找先行词，判断属性(指人还是指物，表示时间，地点，还是原因)。
①先行词指人：that/who/whom/whose；
②先行词指物：that/which/whose；
③表示时间/地点/原因：when/where/why。
(3)判断定语从句所缺成分，确定关系词。
①缺少主语：that/which/who；
②缺少动词的宾语：that/which/who/whom；
③缺少定语：whose；
④缺少时间、地点或原因状语时分别用when、where、why。
1．that与which的区别
(1)只用which不用that的情况：
①当关系代词前面有介词或介词短语时；
②引导非限制性定语从句时。
(2)只用that不用which的情况：
①当先行词是all、everything、nothing、something、few、little、much等不定代词时；
②当先行词被序数词、形容词的最高级或the very、the only、any、the last等修饰时；
③先行词既有人又有物时。
2．which与as
关系词 which as
位置上 只能放在主句的后面 位置灵活，可置于句首、句中，也可置于句末
搭配上 无动词的 限制 谓语动词通常是表示感觉或心理活动的动词，如see、hear、know、expect、remember等
意思上 意为“这一点” 表示“正如……”“正像……的那样”
语法填空
（2024·浙江省浙江省金丽衢十二校高三第一次联考）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。（标黄题号为本专题考点）
Paris 2024 will be remembered as much for athletes’ medal-winning performances as for Chinese technology companies’ contributions. Chinese firms applied cloud computing and artificial intelligence in fields ranging from 1 (immerse) live broadcast experiences to athletes’ training.
Experts say the participation of Chinese companies in the sporting events 2 (demonstrate) their independent innovation capabilities. This will help improve their internationally 3 (recognize) influence while boosting their global competitiveness.
During the Paris Games, more than two-thirds of live broadcast signals were transmitted by Alibaba Cloud, 4 worldwide partner of the Paris Olympics. A record-breaking 11,000 hours of Olympics scenes 5 (distribute) to more than 200 countries and regions so far with the help of Alibaba Cloud’s global cloud infrastructure. Meanwhile, Paris 2024 was the first Summer Olympics 6 (see) the extensive use of AI technology.
Thomas Bach, the IOC president, highlighted the key areas 7 AI has been applied at this year’s Olympics. These include safeguarding against cyber abuse, creating video highlights in multiple formats and languages, 8 implementing a data capture system.
It was Baidu Inc, a Chinese tech giant, that prepared 9 is called AI-powered auxiliary training system for China’s national diving team, helping them achieve good results. “The AI system allows timely playback and scoring,” said Quan Hongchan, champion of the women’s 10-meter platform diving event, 10 (add) the system can be used to refine a diver’s movements during daily training, providing her with additional coaching support.
【答案】
1．immersive 2．demonstrates 3．recognized 4．a 5．has been distributed 6．to see 7．where 8．and 9．what 10．adding
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了2024年巴黎奥运会中，中国科技公司通过云计算和人工智能技术在赛事直播、运动员训练等多方面的贡献，展示了其创新能力和全球竞争力的提升。
1．考查形容词。句意：中国企业将云计算和人工智能应用在从身临其境的直播体验到运动员训练的各个领域。根据空前ranging from可知，空处用形容词immersive“沉浸式虚拟现实的”修饰名词短语live broadcast experiences，作定语。故填immersive。
2．考查动词时态。句意：专家表示，中国公司参与体育赛事展示了他们的自主创新能力。句子陈述的是一个事实，应该用一般现在时，主语是the participation，是单数，因此用第三人称单数形式demonstrates。故填demonstrates。
3．考查形容词。句意：这将帮助提升他们的国际认可度和影响力，同时增强他们的全球竞争力。根据空前internationally可知，空处需用形容词recognized “公认的”修饰influence，作定语。故填recognized。
4．考查冠词。句意：在巴黎奥运会上，超过三分之二的直播信号是由阿里云传送的，而阿里云是巴黎奥运会的全球合作伙伴。根据空前worldwide partner可知，这里应填冠词，表示泛指，含义为一个“全球合作伙伴”，用不定冠词a。故填a。
5．考查动词时态和语态。句意：截至目前，通过阿里云的全球云基础设施，已经有创纪录的11,000小时的奥运场景分发至200多个国家和地区。根据so far可知，句子用现在完成时，且主语A record-breaking 11,000 hours of Olympics scenes与谓语distribute之间是被动关系，人称为单数，应用被动形式has been distributed。故填has been distributed。
6．考查非谓语动词。句意：与此同时，2024 年巴黎奥运会是第一届广泛使用人工智能技术的夏季奥运会。根据空前first可知，后接不定式形式，作Summer Olympics的后置定语。故填to see。
7．考查定语从句。句意：国际奥委会主席托马斯·巴赫重点介绍了今年奥运会上人工智能应用的关键领域。根据空前areas可知，空处应是定语从句的关系词，先行词为areas，定语从句主语为AI，定语从句的谓语为has been applied，所以应用关系副词where。故填where。
8．考查连词。句意：这些领域包括防范网络攻击、创建多种格式和语言的视频亮点，以及实施数据采集系统。根据空前safeguarding against cyber abuse, creating video highlights in multiple formats and languages可知，此处是并列结构，并列事项，用and连接最后一事项。故填and。
9．考查定语从句。句意：正是中国科技巨头百度公司为中国国家跳水队准备了所谓的人工智能辅助训练系统，帮助他们取得了好成绩。根据空前prepared可知，此处应是宾语从句关系词，关系词在宾语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词what引导从句。故填what。
10．考查非谓语动词。句意：女子十米跳台冠军全红婵表示，AI系统允许及时回放和评分，补充说该系统可以用于日常训练中改进跳水运动员的动作，为她提供额外的训练支持。根据空前said可知，空处为非谓语动词，逻辑主语Quan Hongchan与add为主动关系，应使用现在分词形式adding。故填adding。
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