资源简介 专题01 名词和数词目录01考情透视·目标导航 202知识导图·思维引航 403考点突破·考向探究 5考点一 以名词为核心的词形转换 5【真题研析】 5【核心精讲】 7【命题预测】 10考点二 名词复数 11【真题研析】 11【核心精讲】 13【命题预测】 14考点三 名词所有格 15【真题研析】 15【核心精讲】 15【命题预测】 16考点四 考查抽象名词具体化用法 17【真题研析】 17【核心精讲】 17【命题预测】 18考点五 考查基数词、序数词及其相互转换 19【真题研析】 19【核心精讲】 19【命题预测】 20考点六 考查数词的表达法(分数是重点) 20【真题研析】 20【核心精讲】 21【命题预测】 2204 重难点突破 名词和数词基本知识的综合运用 23名词和数词考点 目标要求 考题统计及展示 考情分析与名词相关的词形转换 熟练掌握①名词和形容词的相互转换;②名词和动词的相互转换 (2024·新高考I卷)51.engineer→engineering;65.rich→richness (2024·新高考II卷)62.visible→visibility (2024年1月浙江卷)60.criticize→criticism (2023·新高考I卷)56.taste→tasty (2023·新高考II卷)56.arrive→arrival (2023年1月浙江卷)61.space→spacious (2022年1月浙江卷)64.invite→invitation (2022年6月浙江卷)58.photograph→photographer; 64.independent→independence 从近三年高考试题来看,试题以语法填空和完形填空的形式命题,题目中等偏易,以考查学生对有关名词词形转换、名词复数、名词所有格以及根据语境选词的完形填空为主,强化语言运用能力和语境理解,题型主要是选择题和填空题,集中体现在具体语篇中,考查考生语言运用的准确性和得体性。 预计在2025年高考中,以语法填空和完形填空的形式命题。仍会以中华优秀传统文化、中外文化交流、科技发展等为主要素材,充分体现用英语讲好中国故事、增强民族自豪感、增进文化自信。引导学生坚定理想信念和爱国主义情怀。完形填空仍然会以令人深思的故事为载体培养积极向上的思维模式,以更好地适应个人成长与社会变迁的需求。不断提高学生的道德修养,学会感恩、学会助人,学会谦让、学会宽容,学会自省、学会自律。名词复数 ①准确判断使用名词复数的语境;②掌握名词变复数的基本规则;③熟记常见不规则变化的名词复数形式。 (2024·新高考I卷)62.favourite→favourites (2024·新高考II卷)57.theme→themes (2023·新高考II卷)61.interview→interviews (2023年1月浙江卷)64.event→events (2022·新高考I卷)62.population→populations名词所有格 掌握名词所有格的基本含义及其用法 (2022·新高考II卷)64.son→son’s (2021年1月浙江卷)58.person→person’s根据语境选择名词 考查根据语境选择恰当的名词,核心是语言的准确性和得体性 名词在完形填空中的运用: (2024·新高考I卷)45.achievement成就; 46.reason理由;50.problem问题;51.challenges挑战; 55.goals目标 (2024·新高考II卷)45.barrier障碍;48.acts行为;49.growth发育;50.dish菜肴;54.disadvantages缺点 (2024年1月浙江卷)41.encounter邂逅;44.chance机会;49.writers作者 (2023·新高考I卷)42.delay延误;petitor参赛者;44.race比赛;46.aid帮助;50.pain疼痛;52.deal交易,局面;54.meet体育比赛;55.display展示 (2023·新高考II卷)41.budget预算;42.transportation交通;49.stranger陌生人 (2023年1月浙江卷)42.treetops;48.rope;55.moment (2022·新高考I卷)42.memories记忆;49.wind风;51.luck好运;54.excitement兴奋;55.adventure冒险 (2022·新高考II卷)42.vacation假期;45.strangers’陌生人的;46.absence缺席;fort舒适,安慰; 51.success成功;52.expectations期待;55.decision决定 (2022年1月浙江卷)46.eyes;48.life;50.silence;53.program;56.money;60.retirement;61.age;62.light;63.beginning基数词和序数词的转化 熟练掌握序数词和基数词的拼写 (2023·全国甲卷)62.six--sixth (2021·新课标II卷)56.seven--seventh 根据新高考三年的考情分析,基数词和序数词的相互转换是可能的考查要点,因此,总结归类数词相关的转换规律及具体数词表达法是备考的重点方向。 考查重点是序数词、分数的表达法和有关数词的相关比较句型。考点一 以名词为核心的词形转换1.(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route which brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the 65 (rich) of gardening in England.【答案】richness【解析】考查名词。句意:“玻璃屋”是当代设计的一个伟大成果,容纳了来自中国西南部的植物。建筑位于公园内一条小路的末端,这条小路追溯了丝路沿线,各种植物品种正是沿此线从其亚洲原生地来到英国,并由此定义了英国园艺的丰富性。空处作define的宾语,应用名词形式richness。故填richness。2.(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international 62 (visible), said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed to find the connection between the two great writers.【答案】visibility【解析】考查名词。句意:Edmondson说,这些文化元素提高了斯特拉特福德的国际知名度,并补充说,游客们穿过故居花园时,常常惊讶于这两位伟大作家之间的联系。形容词international后接名词形式,visibility“知名度”为不可数名词作宾语。故填visibility。3.(2023年新高考Ⅱ卷) Since June 2017, right before the 56 (arrive) of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and confident speaking English.【答案】arrival【解析】考查名词。句意:从2017年6月开始,就在两只新大熊猫“萌萌”和“娇青”到来之前,我一直在帮助动物园的熊猫饲养员更舒服、更自信地说英语。分析句子结构可知,空前是冠词,空后是介词,所以空处应填名词作介词before的宾语,arrive的名词形式是arrival,不可数名词。故填arrival。4.(2022年6月浙江卷)John Olson, a former 58 (photograph)and his team turn paintings into fully textured 3D models.【答案】photographer【解析】考查名词。句意:约翰·奥尔森是一位前摄影师,他和他的团队将绘画转化为全纹理3D模型。单数名词做主语,根据句意表示“摄影师”,此处为单数概念,故填photographer。5.(2024年1月浙江高考真题)Many supermarkets are no longer doing “buy one get one free” promotions because of the 60 (criticize) that they lead to waste. Consumers prefer money off individual items.【答案】criticism【解析】考查名词。句意:许多超市不再进行“买一送一”的促销活动,因为有人批评这种活动会造成浪费。根据“that they lead to waste”可知,此处应用名词criticism表示“批评”作宾语。故填criticism。1.根据语境标志词判断是否转化成名词(1)看到冠词或形容词或形容词性物主代词时, 要想到名词;(2)遇到介词或及物动词时要想到名词;(3)当看到并列连词所连接的前或后是名词时要想到名词。2. 根据空处词的位置,确定本词在句中的成分,作主语、宾语成分,可能填名词,表语也可能是名词。3. 熟记常见名词后缀:-age表示“状态;场所;费用”;-ory表示“工作场所;住处”;-ology表示“……学;……论”;-ure表示“状态”;-cy表示“性质;状态”;-ery表示“境遇;状况;性质;行为”;-ism表示“主义”;-ty表示“性质;状态;程度”。1.形容词转化为名词后缀后缀 例词-age short→shortage 短缺 percent→percentage 百分比-cy efficient→efficiency效率 fluent→fluency流利 accurate→accuracy准确性 private→privacy隐私-dom free→freedom自由 wise→wisdom明智;智慧-ence different→difference差异 evident →evidence 证据-ness weak→weakness虚弱;弱点 thick→thickness厚度 kind→kindness仁慈,友好 careless→carelessness粗心大意-th strong→strength力气;优势 warm→warmth温暖;热情-y/-ty/-ity difficult→difficulty困难 disable→disability缺陷;伤残 responsible→responsibility责任 honest→honesty诚实 ①careless→ carelessness粗心大意helpless→ helplessness无助safe→ safeness安全性(易混:safety安全)【注意】以“辅音字母+y”结尾的,变y为i再加-ness lonely→ loneliness孤独②strong→ strength力气;强项true→ truth真实wide→ width宽度deep→ depth深度long→ length长度young→ youth年轻人【高频再现】①absent→ absence缺席confident→ confidence自信心different→ difference不同evident→ evidence证据patient→ patience耐心②bored→ boredom厌烦free→ freedom自由;自主wise→ wisdom明智;智慧③difficult→ difficulty困难discover→ discovery发现deliver→delivery递送recover→recovery恢复;痊愈honest→ honesty诚实④certain→ certainty必然的事cruel→ cruelty残酷;残暴safe→ safety安全⑤able→ ability能力disable→ disability无能;残疾active→ activity活动real→ reality现实responsible→ responsibility责任 visible→visibility知名度2.动词转化为名词后缀后缀 例词-ion/ -tion/ -sion/ attract→attraction吸引力 celebrate→celebration庆祝 conclude→conclusion结论;结束 discuss→discussion讨论;论述 decide→decision决定 admit→admission承认;准许加入 permit→permission允许,许可 invite→invitation邀请 explain→explanation解释 expect→expectation期望-er/ -or sail→sailor海员,水手 drive→driver司机;驾驶员 gather→gatherer收集者,采集者 teach→teacher老师 announce→announcer广播员 conduct→conductor指挥;售票员-ment punish→punishment惩罚 achieve→achievement成就 argue→argument辩论;论据 treat→treatment对待;治疗 equip →equipment装备;设备 govern→government政府 astonish→astonishment惊奇 develop→development发展-ance/ -ence appear→appearance出现;外貌 guide→guidance指引;指导 perform→performance表演;表现 exist→existence存在;生存 prefer→preference偏爱 refer→reference参考,查阅-ure/ -ture fail→failure失败;倒闭 press→pressure压力 depart→departure离开;出发 mix→mixture混合(物)-ing hear→hearing听力,听觉 begin→beginning开始 build→building建筑 warn→warning 警告-y recover→recovery恢复 discover→discovery发现①enter→ entrance进入exist→ existence存在;生存prefer→ preference偏爱refer→ reference参考;查阅differ→ difference不同②imagine→ imagination想象力starve→ starvation挨饿occupy→ occupation工作,职业;占领③cover→ coverage覆盖范围short→ shortage不足;短缺marry→ marriage婚姻pack→ package包裹④serve→ servant仆人participate→ participant参加者assist→ assistant助手apply→ applicant申请人⑤clean→ cleaner清洁剂contain→ container容器cook→ cooker炊具draw→ drawer抽屉dry→ drier干燥剂;干燥机sharpen→ sharpener铅笔刀shave→ shaver剃须刀thrill→ thriller惊悚小说/电影calculate→ calculator计算器tract→ tractor拖拉机【高频再现】①approve→approval赞成;批准arrive→arrival到来;到达survive→survival幸存propose→proposal提议;建议refuse→refusal拒绝②press→pressure压力mix→mixture混合;混合物depart→departure离开;出发fail→failure失败please→pleasure愉快③educate→education教育evaluate→evaluation评估graduate→graduation毕业④equip→equipment设备employ→employment雇用treat→treatment对待;治疗⑤employ→employee雇员interview→interviewee参加面试者train→trainee受训者;实习生escape→escapee逃亡者3.名词转化为名词后缀后缀 例词-ian/ -ist/ music→ musician音乐家politics→ politician政治家 science→ scientist科学家piano→ pianist钢琴家①history→ historian历史学家library→ librarian图书管理员②cycle→ cyclist骑自行车的人考向1 形容词转化为名词1.(2025·广东省清远市一模)According to the organizers, Dunhuang culture is an essential part of the (diverse) of world culture.【答案】diversity【解析】考查名词。句意:据组织者介绍,敦煌文化是世界文化多样性的重要组成部分。空处在名词所有格结构the…of中,作of的宾语,需要名词,结合句意推知,应用diversity表示“多样性”。故填diversity。2.(2025·云南省保山市摸底)The (convenient) of the service has greatly promoted international passenger travel in Laos and cross-border cargo transportation in the region.【答案】convenience【解析】考查名词。句意:这项服务的便利性极大地促进了老挝的国际客运和该地区的跨境货物运输。设空处作主语,用名词convenience,意为“便利”,不可数名词。故填convenience。3.(2025·浙江Z20名校联盟第一次联考)Thus, the Indian movie industry’s further development solely depends on domestic companies’ (capable) to cooperate with western filmmakers, which will facilitate the promotion of a product appealing to diverse audiences.【答案】capability【解析】考查名词。句意:因此,印度电影业的进一步发展完全取决于国内公司与西方电影人的合作能力,这将有助于推广一种吸引不同观众的产品。空格处位于名词所有格之后,因此需要填入名词capable的名词为capability,意为“能力”为不可数名词。故填capability。考向2 动词转化为名词1.(2025·东北三校联考)Chinese festivals like Mid-Autumn Festival promote family reunion and(appreciate) for nature’s beauty.【答案】appreciation【解析】考查名词。句意:同样,像中秋节这样的中国节日促进了家庭团聚和对自然美景的欣赏。空格处用名词作宾语,appreciate的名词是appreciation,意为“欣赏”,是不可数名词,故填appreciation。2.(2025·河北省石家庄市第二中学月考)During his second year of college, he joined the martial arts club. With the(assist) of the club, he, together with other 5 students was given the opportunity to visit the Shaolin Temple in China’s Henan province.【答案】assistance【解析】考查名词。句意:在俱乐部的帮助下,他和其他5名学生获得了前往中国河南省少林寺参观的机会。分析句子成分可知,空处考查名词形式担当宾语,构成固定短语:with the assistance of,意为“在……的帮助下”,符合句意。故填assistance。3.(2025·甘青宁三省多校联考)Sadly, over the last decades, the number of ancient tea trees still in (exist) has been on a stable decline.【答案】existence【解析】考查名词。句意:令人遗憾的是,在过去的几十年里,仍然存在的古茶树数量一直在稳定下降。exist为动词,意为“存在”,此处应用其名词形式existence作介词in的宾语。故填existence。考向3 名词转化为名词1.(2025·江苏省南京市六校联合体期中)The movie also features some of the most famous poets and artists of the era, including Wang Changling, known for his military-themed poems, calligrapher Zhang Xu and palace(music) Li Guinian.【答案】musician【解析】考查名词。句意:除了李和高,这部电影还邀请了一些当时最著名的诗人和艺术家,包括以军事主题诗歌闻名的王昌龄、书法家张旭和宫廷音乐家李龟年。名词musician作宾语,根据后文Li Guinian,用单数。故填musician。2.(2025·广州佛山市段考)Even though Tu Youyou is not interested in fame, she has become a(science) whose work is internationally renowned.【答案】scientist【解析】考查词形转换。句意:尽管屠呦呦对名声不感兴趣,她已成为一位享誉国际的科学家。根据前面的a以及后面的whose可知,此处应为名词scientist。故填scientist。考点二 名词复数1.(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)These plants included modern Western 62 (favourite) such as rosemary, lavender and fennel.【答案】favorites【解析】考查名词的数。句意:这些植物包括现代西方最受喜爱的迷迭香、薰衣草和茴香。favorite是可数名词,意为“特别受喜爱的东西”,根据空后such as rosemary, lavender and fennel可知,空处应用名词的复数形式。故填favorites。2.(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)Tang and Shakespeare were contemporaries and both died in 1616. Although they could never have met, there are common 57 (theme)in their works, said Paul Edmondson, head of research for the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust.【答案】themes【解析】 themes考查名词的数。句意:莎士比亚故居信托基金会的研究主管Paul Edmondson说,尽管他们从未见过面,但他们的作品中都有共同的主题。本句为“there be”句型,为倒装句,根据谓语动词“are”可判断,本句主语为名词的复数形式。故填themes。3.(2024·北京卷)To practise this, we need to establish clear 14 (boundary) in our personal and professional life.【答案】boundaries【解析】考场名词的数。句意:为了实践这一点,我们需要在个人和职业生活中建立明确的界限。句中boundary是可数名词,表示“界限”,根据空后in our personal and professional life可知,此处表示不止一个界限,名词应用复数形式boundaries。故填boundaries。4.(2021·新课标I卷)The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we 57 (human) are.【答案】humans【解析】考查名词。句意为:一旦你到达山顶,你所看到的滚滚云海将提醒你我们人类是多么渺小。表示"人类",常用复数名词humans,此处作同位语,故填humans.1. 根据规则确定名词单复数(1)如果空格处被these, several, many和数词等修饰时, 要考虑用名词的复数形式;(2)如果一般现在时的谓语动词是动词原形或are, 要考虑用名词的复数形式;(3)在平时学习中要熟记名词单数变复数的规则, 方能解决好此类问题。2. 注意抽象名词具体化后的名词复数形式。例如:population的复数是populations。3.注意不规则名词的复数,尤其是不要进行错误推理,要全面复习。2021年高考中的human的复数形式,很多同学因为类比出现错误,误写成humen。本题受man复数men的影响,易错写成humen,这是二轮复习强化的要点,强化易混易错,重点查漏补缺。1. 牢记名词变复数的5种变化形式(1)一般情况下,在词尾直接加-s:book→ books, mouth→ mouths, house→ houses, girl→ girls(2)以-s, -x, -ch, -sh结尾的名词,在词尾加-es:glass→ glasses, box→ boxes, match→ matches(3)以辅音字母+-y结尾的名词,变y为i再加-es;city→ cities, country→ countries, party→ parties(4) 【注意】以o结尾的名词常在词尾加-s:radios, zoos, pianos, kilos, photos;加-es的有以下词:heroes, Negroes, tomatoes, potatoes。(5) 【注意】以-f,-fe结尾的名词①少数直接加-s:roof→ roofs,belief→ beliefs。②一般以-f或-fe结尾的名词要变f或fe为v再加-es:self, life, thief, wife, knife, leaf, shelf, wolf, half。2.名词在不定代词few, a few, other, all, both, many, several等后时,要想到用复数形式。3.谓语动词为复数形式,要想到作主语的名词用复数形式。4.【注意】注意一些不规则变化的名词复数,如child→ children, man→ men, tooth→ teeth, foot→ feet, woman→ women等。但human→ humans(准确记住不规则变化是二轮复习的重点,这样防止知识漏洞。)5.有些词用复数形式表示祝愿、礼貌或客气等,如congratulations(祝贺)、regards(问候)、respects(敬意)、thanks(谢谢)、wishes(祝愿)等。6.【高频再现】一些固定短语中的名词只用复数形式,常见的有:make friends with(与……交朋友)、shake hands with...(与……握手)、take measures(采取措施)、make preparations for(为……作准备)、in high spirits(兴高采烈地)。7.常考的不可数名词(1)表物质的不可数名词:baggage/luggage(行李)、cash(现金)、meat(肉)、paper(纸张)等。(2)表抽象概念的不可数名词:work(工作)、knowledge(知识)、luck(运气)、scenery(风景)、traffic(交通)等。(3)【注意】永远不可数的重点名词:advice(建议)、equipment(设备)、fun(乐趣)、furniture(家具)、progress(进步)、news/word(消息)等。(一定记牢)8.名词单复数的形式比较复杂,注意掌握好以下的情况(1)有些名词一般不用复数形式,但可用复数形式来表达不同的类别fishes各种鱼;fruits各种水果;steels各种钢材(2)有些名词的单复数形式表达不同的含义snow雪, snows积雪; two people两个人,two peoples两个民族(3)glass一词作 “玻璃”解时,为物质名词,不可数The cup is made of glass. 作 “玻璃杯”解时,则为个体名词,可数;如I bought ten glasses this morning. 作 “眼镜”解时,须用复数形式glasses.如: a man with thick glasses(4)paper一词作“纸”解时,不可数write on paper; 作“报纸”“文件”“考卷”解时,则可数,如: hand in your test papers(5)物质名词表示数量时,一般用表示数量的短语来表示。of之前的数量名词,要根据情况使用单数或复数形式a cup of tea; four pieces of bread; a cake of soap(6)有些抽象名词的复数形式表示不同的含义time(时间)→times( 时代,次,倍数) work(工作)→ works( 著作,工厂,工事)air(空气) →airs( 气派,架子,姿态 ) look(看)→looks(容貌)custom(习惯) →customs(海关) advice(劝告)→advices(消息)arm(手臂)→arms(军火) damage(损坏)→damages(赔偿金)glass(玻璃)→glasses(眼镜,玻璃杯) good(利益)→ goods(货物)compass(指南针)→compasses(圆规) manner(态度) →manners(礼貌,习俗)1.(2025·广东省梅州市高考仿真模拟)Chinese-inflected cultural activities took place at the festival, including flying performance at the opening ceremony, workshops for kite-making (technique) by artisans (工匠) from Weifang, as well as performances and experiential activities from lion dances to martial arts and performances of traditional Chinese instruments and tea ceremonies.【答案】techniques【解析】考查名词。句意:节日期间还举办了具有中国特色的文化活动,包括开幕式上的飞行表演、潍坊工匠的风筝制作技术讲习班,以及舞狮、武术、传统中国乐器和茶道等表演和体验活动。此处应填名词作宾语,它是可数名词,为泛指意义,需要变复数,故填techniques。2.(2025·安徽省皖豫名校联盟联考)Hu performed a series of Chinese music pieces, Hundreds of Birds Paying Homage to Phoenix included, and also played with local musicians _______ (adaptation) of Cuban music pieces.【答案】adaptations【解析】 adaptations考查名词的数。句意:胡演奏了一系列中国音乐作品,包括《百鸟朝凤》,并与当地音乐家一起演奏了古巴音乐作品的改编。表示多首改编的曲子,本空用复数名词adaptations作介词with的宾语。故填adaptations。3.(2025·江苏省海门中学第一次调研)Tang lived and worked in Jiangxi Province during the Ming Dynasty at around the same time that William Shakespeare, the great wordsmith and playwright, was active half a world away in England during the Tudor era. They were (contemporary) whose works remain popular and are still performed today.【答案】contemporaries【解析】考查名词。句意:他们是同时代的人,他们的作品仍然很受欢迎,至今仍在演出。空前是系动词,所以空处应填名词作表语,contemporary意为“同代人”为可数名词,根据were可知,用复数形式。故填contemporaries。考点三 名词所有格1.(2022·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)“He saved my 64 (son) life,” said Mrs. Brown.【答案】son’s【解析】考查名词所有格。句意:他拯救了我儿子的生命。根据句意,life与提示词son之间是所属关系,故应该使用名词所有格。故填son’s。2.(2021·浙江卷)It is calculated by dividing a 58 (person) weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25 is considered healthy.【答案】person’s【解析】考查名词所有格。此空后接名词,且根据句意“它的计算方法是用一个人的体重公斤数除以身高米数的平方……”,故此处填person的所有格形式。1.表示两者各自所有关系时,分别在每个名词的词尾加’s;表示两者共有,在最后名词词尾加’s。如:This is Tom and Jim's father 汤姆和吉姆的父亲。Have you ever met Tom's and Jim's fathers before 汤姆父亲和吉姆父亲2. 双重所有格的构成为:“名词+of+-'s所有格”或“名词+of+名词性物主代词”。表示“其中之一”或“其中一部分”,名词前可用a,any,some,a few,two,this,that,these,those 等修饰,但不能用the。如:a picture of my mother's我母亲(拥有)的一张照片;this little cat of your sister's你妹妹的这只小猫。名词的所有格:(1)有生命的名词,其所有格一般在名词后加-'s。(2)表示时间、城市、地域、团体、机构等非生命的事物后也可加-'s表示其所有格。(3)无生命的名词,借用of表示所属关系。(4) 【注意】如果一样东西为两个人共有,则只在后一个名词后加-'s,如果不是共有的则两个名词后都要加-'s。Jane and Mary's mother 简和玛丽的妈妈(共有,暗示简和玛丽是姐妹关系)Jane's and Mary's mothers 简的妈妈和玛丽的妈妈(不是共有,分别指两位妈妈)(5) 【注意】双重所有格:“a/two/some... +名词+of+名词's/名词性物主代词”构成双重所有格,“of+名词所有格”中的名词必须表示人,不能表示事物。a friend of her mother's 她妈妈的一个朋友two photos of hers 她的两张照片1.(2025·浙江省杭州市七彩阳光新高考研究联盟联考)Panda enthusiasts in both China and the US will have various means of learning about the (pair) daily lives and adjustment process, according to the National Forestry and Grassland Administration.【答案】pair’s【解析】考查名词所有格。句意:据国家林业和草原局介绍,中美两国的熊猫爱好者可以通过各种方式了解这对大熊猫的日常生活和适应过程。空白处需要名词所有格形式作定语修饰daily lives,表示“这对大熊猫的日常生活”。因此,应使用pair的名词所有格形式pair’s。故填pair’s。2.(2025·浙江省金华第一中学月考)The bus was not a performance group of any kind but a mobile science class jointly organized by the Ministry of Education, the China Science and Technology Museum and a social media platform, aiming to sow seeds of passion for science among children in the (country) vast rural areas.【答案】country’s【解析】考查所有格。句意:这辆巴士不是任何形式的表演团体,而是由教育部、中国科技馆和一个社交媒体平台联合组织的移动科学班,旨在向广大农村地区的孩子们播下科学热情的种子。此处country与areas构成所属关系,应用名词所有格形式。故填country’s。考点四 考查抽象名词具体化用法1.(2023·全国甲卷)The themes of traditional fables often deal with simple truths about everyday life. However, Carson’s theme is a more weighty 69 (warn) about environmental destruction.【答案】warning 【解析】考查名词。句意:然而,Carson的主题是一个更加重要的有关环境破坏的警告。根据前文的a和形容词weighty可知此处用单数名词warning。故填warning。2.(2020·新课标Ⅱ卷)Chinese New Year is a 61 (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring.【答案】celebration【解析】考查名词作表语。句意:中国新年是一个庆祝冬天的结束和春天的开始。不定冠词a后接名词形式。故填celebration。有些表示表示抽象意义的名词,在具体的语境中表示具体的人、事物或活动。常考的有以tion结尾的抽象名词,failure,success等。例如:celebration抽象意义:庆祝;具体意义:某种庆祝活动;failure抽象意义:失败;具体意义:失败的人或事;success抽象意义:成功;具体意义:成功的人或事。1.具有某种特性、状态、情感的抽象名词在表示具体的概念时,可以与不定冠词连用,常考的有:单词 抽象名词意义 具体化名词意义success 成功 成功的人或事pleasure 乐趣 令人高兴的事beauty 美;美丽 美丽的人或事物comfort 安慰;慰藉 令人感到安慰的人或事物danger 危险 危险的人或因素delight 高兴 令人高兴的事failure 失败 失败的人或事物surprise 惊奇 令人惊奇的事情shock 震惊 令人震惊的事情pride 骄傲 令人骄傲的事情Your contribution will certainly make the event a huge success.你的贡献一定会使这个事件很成功。2.物质名词具体化drink饮料→two drinks 两杯饮料coffee咖啡→a coffee一杯咖啡chalk 粉笔→a chalk一支粉笔hair头发→a hair一根头发3.抽象名词与a(an)连用,淡化了抽象概念,转化为似乎可以体验到的动作、行为或类别。例如:Being able to afford a drink would be a comfort in those tough times.在那些艰难的时期,能够买得起一杯酒会是一件欣慰的事。1.(2025·吉林省普通高中一模)Sadly, Africa’s (contribute), which parallel global developments, are often undercredited.【答案】contributions【解析】考查名词复数。句意:遗憾的是,非洲的贡献,与全球发展相平行,常常得不到应有的认可。空处作主语,根据谓语动词are可知,非洲对世界的贡献不止一个方面,主语需用名词复数contributions,表示“贡献”。故填contributions。2.(2025·吉林省普通高中一模)The local artistic (create) are playing important roles in the Yellow River culture.【答案】creations【解析】考查名词。句意:地方艺术创作在黄河文化中发挥着重要作用。作主语,结合后文are可知应用复数名词creations。故填creations。3.(2025·山东省第一次备考监测联考)Even today, the Silk Road remains a major ______ (attract), drawing tourists from China and around the world.【答案】attraction【解析】考查名词。句意:直到今天,丝绸之路仍然是一个重要的景点,吸引着来自中国和世界各地的游客。形容词major后接名词形式,此处前面有不定冠词a,所以要用名词的单数形式attraction,表示“吸引力”。 故填attraction。考点五 考查基数词、序数词及其相互转换1.(2023·全国甲卷)Fables were part of the oral tradition of many early cultures, and the well-known Aesop’s fables date to the 62 (six) century, BC.【答案】sixth 【解析】考查序数词。句意:寓言是许多早期文化的口头传统的一部分,而著名的伊索寓言可以追溯到公元前六世纪。根据句意可知,这里指公元前六世纪,故填序数词sixth。2.(2021·新高考II卷)I've always loved the ocean. In the 56 (seven) grade, I started volunteering at the Monterey Bay Aquarium in California.【答案】seventh【解析】考查序数词。句意:七年级的时候,我开始在加州的蒙特利湾水族馆做志愿者。 表示“七年级” 用序数词,所以填seventh。用序数词还是基数词一定要注意分清相关语境,有顺序的用序数词,无顺序的用基数词。但要注意隐含的语境,因为汉语和英语习惯的不同。例如:18岁生日eighteenth birthday;五年级fifth grade。基数词和序数词的相互转换①一般来说,序数词是由相应的基数词词尾加th构成。②十位整数序数词的构成方法是将y变为i,再加eth。③两位或两位以上的基数词变成序数词时,仅将个位数变成序数词。此外,常考的基数词、序数词一般会在100以内,具体见下表。one—first two—second three—third four—fourth five—fifth six—sixth seven—seventh eight—eighth nine—ninth ten—tenth eleven—eleventh twelve—twelfth thirteen—thirteenth fourteen—fourteenth fifteen—fifteenth sixteen—sixteenth seventeen—seventeenth eighteen—eighteenth nineteen—nineteenth twenty—twentieth thirty—thirtieth forty—fortieth fifty—fiftieth sixty—sixtieth seventy—seventieth eighty—eightieth ninety—ninetieth④注意比较,大家要特别注意记忆。如:fourteenth(第十四),fortieth(第四十),ninth(第九),nineteenth(第十九),ninetieth(第九十)1.(2025·辽宁省沈阳市第二中学模拟))The (one) American Labor Day was celebrated in New York City on September 5th,1882, as thousands of workers and their families came to Union Square for a day in the park.【答案】first【解析】考查序数词。句意:第一个美国劳动节是在纽约市庆祝的。根据句意以及空格后American Labor Day可知,这里表示第一次庆祝,需要用序数词。故填first。2.(2025·广东梅县东山中学高三月考))1.She is a remarkable athlete , known for her outstanding speed and skill, making her (two) only to the world champion in her sport. (所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】second【解析】考查序数词。句意:她是一名杰出的运动员,以她出色的速度和技巧而闻名,使她在该运动中仅次于世界冠军。根据下文“only to the world champion”可知是第二名,所以应用序数词,故填second。考点六 考查数词的表达法(分数是重点)1.(2025·河南省九师联盟联考)In 2013, nearly a ________ (three) of its population was still living under the absolute poverty line.【答案】third【解析】考查序数词。句意:于2013年,这个地区三分之一人口还仍然生活在绝对贫困线以下。此处考查分数的表达法。三分之一表达为:one third (a third) 。故填third。分数是由基数词作分子,序数词作分母构成的。当分子是one或a时,序数词要用单数。例如:1/3 one third 【注意】一些特殊的分数表达法:例如:a half 二分之一 ;a quarter =one fourth 四分之一2.(2025·上海长宁高三二模)A couple in their ________ (seventy) living in London, UK can choose to play golf in council run courses costing from £10 each time.【答案】seventies【解析】考查数词表达法。此处指在他们七十几岁的时候,表达为:in their seventies。故填seventies。表示某人几十多岁的时候,要用in one’s +整十的基数词的复数形式。例如:in one’s thirties在某人30多岁。注意区分:in the thirties在30年代;an eight-year-old boy一个八岁的男孩3.(2025·河北省邯郸市统考)Water shortage is one of the greatest crises facing us today, with two ________ (three) of the global population living in areas where water is scarce (稀缺的) for a month or more every year.【答案】thirds 【解析】分数是由基数词(分子)和序数词(分母)构成。two thirds意为“三分之二”。故填thirds。分数是由基数词作分子,序数词作分母构成的。当分子大于1时,序数词都要用复数形式。例如: 7/9 seven ninths【注意】一些特殊的分数表达法: three quarters=three fourths 四分之三1. 与数词相关的表达法①分数是由基数词作分子,序数词作分母构成的。除了分子是"1"的情况外,序数词都要用复数。②表示某人的大约年龄,即“几十多岁”时,使用基数词的复数形式。“in sb.'s+整十的基数词的复数”意为“在某人几十多岁时”。如:in his fifties。③当hundred, thousand, million, billion前面有基数词时,用单数形式,词尾不加-s;前面有many, several, a few修饰时,仍用单数形式。如:several billion years。④“数词+普通名词+形容词”构成的合成形容词中,数词和普通名词都要用单数形式。2. 易混易错数词考点①序数词前有时可用不定冠词a/an,此时不强调顺序。“a/an+序数词”相当于another,表示“又一个,再一个”。You'd better try a third time.你最好再试一次。②表示“许多,大量;一些”的词和短语特征 词语 备注只修饰可数名词 a few, quite a few, many, a good many,a large number of, dozens of, scores of, hundreds of, thousands of, millions of 作主语时,谓语动词用复数只修饰不可数名词 a little, much, a great deal of, a large amount of 作主语时,谓语动词用单数既可以修饰可数名词也可以修饰不可数名词 a lot of, lots of, plenty of 作主语时,谓语动词单复数形式根据名词来定a large quantity of 作主语时,谓语动词单复数形式由后面的名词决定large quantities of 作主语时,谓语动词用复数1.I want to buy a pair of sports shoes, at a proper price, but of good quality.【答案】one 【解析】考查数词。句意:我想买一双运动鞋,价格合适,但质量好的。此处应用one泛指一双运动鞋,故填one。2.Water shortage is one of the greatest crises facing us today, with two (three) of the global population living in areas where water is scarce for a month or more every year.【答案】thirds 【解析】考查分数表达。句意:水资源短缺是我们今天面临的最大危机之一,全球三分之二的人口生活在每年缺水一个月或更长时间的地区。分子大于一时,分母使用序数词复数形式。表示“三分之二”应用two thirds。故填thirds。3.Most Brits spend almost (two)as much of their leisure time socializing with others as they do being alone.【答案】twice 【解析】考查倍数表达法。句意:大多数英国人花在社交上的闲暇时间几乎是独处时间的两倍。倍数+as+adj./adv.+as为固定用法,此处表示“两倍”应用twice。故填twice。4.As we can learn from the newspaper, they are already in their (thirty) without a child.【答案】thirties 【解析】考查数词的用法。句意:我们从报纸上可以了解到,他们已经三十多岁了,没有孩子。“in one’s+基数词的复数”表示“在某人几十多岁时”,为固定搭配。故填thirties。04重难点突破 名词和数词基本知识的综合运用名词重难点突破:高考评价体系要求:考生能在具体的语境中,准确判断和使用基本的语法规则。提高名词运用能力的基本策略:1.根据所处位置判断是否填入名词形式。如谓语动词之前、介词之后、形容词之后、冠词或数词之后。2.单数可数名词不能单独使用,要与冠词、指示代词、不定代词等连用,否则就用复数形式表示复数含义。3.注意固定短语中名词的单复数。4.注意名词应该与其修饰语保持数的一致。5.不可数名词没有复数形式,不能与不定冠词连用。数词重难点突破:1.需要使用数词时,要先看清是使用该词的基数词形式还是序数词形式。2.使用序数词时,注意前面要有定冠词the。3.注意固定用法中的数词的使用及与冠词、介词的搭配,如in the 1820s,in his 30s,thousands of等。4.注意一些数词的特殊用法。(2025·河北省邢台市邢襄联盟期中)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。(标黄题号为本专题考点)The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR) government on Thursday announced the birth of panda twins on the early morning of August 15th in Hong Kong. The pair, a female and a male, are cubs (幼崽) of Ying Ying and Le Le, pandas 1 (give) as a gift by the Central People’s Government to Hong Kong in 2007.Ying Ying and Le Le successfully 2 (complete) natural mating in Ocean Park in March. After five months of gestation (孕育), the female giant panda Ying Ying 3 (final) gave birth to the twins.A team of animal care 4 (professional), together with experts from the China Conservation and Research Center for Giant Panda, are now working around the clock 5 (take) care of Ying Ying and the newborn twins 6 their condition fully stabilizes.HKSAR Chief Executive John Lee thanked the Central People’s Government for 7 (gift) the pandas, which he said fully demonstrates its care and support for the HKSAR. He said that this year is the 75th anniversary of 8 founding of the People’s Republic of China, and the birth of the first pair of giant panda cubs in Hong Kong is 9 special significance. He also thanked the Ocean Park team and the China Conservation and Research Center for Giant Panda for their meticulous (细心的) care of Ying Ying and the twin cubs.Ying Ying and Le Le were the 10 (two) pair of gift pandas from the Central People’s Government to celebrate the 10th anniversary of Hong Kong’s return to the motherland.【答案】1.given 2.completed 3.finally 4.professionals 5.to take 6.till/until 7.gifting 8.the 9.of 10.second【解析】这是一篇新闻报道,文章主要报道香港特别行政区政府周四宣布周四凌晨在香港诞生了熊猫双胞胎,它们是中央政府于2007年赠予香港的熊猫盈盈和乐乐的幼崽。1.考查非谓语动词。句意:这对熊猫,一雌一雄,是“盈盈”和“乐乐”的幼崽,这两只熊猫是2007年中央人民政府赠送给香港的礼物。give和pandas之间是被动关系,使用过去分词作后置定语,故填given。2.考查一般过去时。句意:盈盈和乐乐今年3月在海洋公园成功完成自然交配。根据时间状语“in March”可知,此处使用一般过去时,故填completed。3.考查副词。句意:经过五个月的孕育,雌性大熊猫盈盈终于生下了这对双胞胎。空处修饰动词短语,应用副词形式,故填finally。4.考查名词复数。句意:一组动物护理专业人员,以及中国大熊猫保护研究中心的专家,现在正在全天候照顾盈盈和新生的双胞胎,直到它们的病情完全稳定下来。professional“专业人员”是可数名词,由A team of可知此处使用名词复数形式,故填professionals。5.考查非谓语动词。句意:同上。结合句意可知,此处表示目的,使用动词不定式作目的状语,故填to take。6.考查时间状语从句。句意:同上。结合句意可知,此处指“直到它们的病情完全稳定下来”,使用till/until引导时间状语从句,故填till/until。7.考查非谓语动词。句意:香港特别行政区行政长官John Lee感谢中央人民政府赠送大熊猫,他说这充分体现了中央人民政府对香港特别行政区的关心和支持。空处作介词for的宾语,使用动名词形式,故填gifting。8.考查冠词。句意:他说,今年是中华人民共和国成立75周年,香港第一对大熊猫幼崽的诞生具有特殊意义。根据“of the People’s Republic of China”可知,founding表示特指,使用定冠词修饰,故填the。9.考查介词。句意:同上。be of special significance“具有特殊意义”,固定结构,故填of。10.考查序数词。句意:盈盈和乐乐是中央人民政府为庆祝香港回归祖国十周年赠送的第二对大熊猫。结合句意可知,此处表示“第二”,使用序数词,故填second。21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)专题01 名词和数词目录01考情透视·目标导航 202知识导图·思维引航 403考点突破·考向探究 5考点一 以名词为核心的词形转换 5【真题研析】 5【核心精讲】 7【命题预测】 10考点二 名词复数 11【真题研析】 11【核心精讲】 13【命题预测】 14考点三 名词所有格 15【真题研析】 15【核心精讲】 15【命题预测】 16考点四 考查抽象名词具体化用法 17【真题研析】 17【核心精讲】 17【命题预测】 18考点五 考查基数词、序数词及其相互转换 19【真题研析】 19【核心精讲】 19【命题预测】 20考点六 考查数词的表达法(分数是重点) 20【真题研析】 20【核心精讲】 21【命题预测】 2204 重难点突破 名词和数词基本知识的综合运用 23名词和数词考点 目标要求 考题统计及展示 考情分析与名词相关的词形转换 熟练掌握①名词和形容词的相互转换;②名词和动词的相互转换 (2024·新高考I卷)51.engineer→engineering;65.rich→richness (2024·新高考II卷)62.visible→visibility (2024年1月浙江卷)60.criticize→criticism (2023·新高考I卷)56.taste→tasty (2023·新高考II卷)56.arrive→arrival (2023年1月浙江卷)61.space→spacious (2022年1月浙江卷)64.invite→invitation (2022年6月浙江卷)58.photograph→photographer; 64.independent→independence 从近三年高考试题来看,试题以语法填空和完形填空的形式命题,题目中等偏易,以考查学生对有关名词词形转换、名词复数、名词所有格以及根据语境选词的完形填空为主,强化语言运用能力和语境理解,题型主要是选择题和填空题,集中体现在具体语篇中,考查考生语言运用的准确性和得体性。 预计在2025年高考中,以语法填空和完形填空的形式命题。仍会以中华优秀传统文化、中外文化交流、科技发展等为主要素材,充分体现用英语讲好中国故事、增强民族自豪感、增进文化自信。引导学生坚定理想信念和爱国主义情怀。完形填空仍然会以令人深思的故事为载体培养积极向上的思维模式,以更好地适应个人成长与社会变迁的需求。不断提高学生的道德修养,学会感恩、学会助人,学会谦让、学会宽容,学会自省、学会自律。名词复数 ①准确判断使用名词复数的语境;②掌握名词变复数的基本规则;③熟记常见不规则变化的名词复数形式。 (2024·新高考I卷)62.favourite→favourites (2024·新高考II卷)57.theme→themes (2023·新高考II卷)61.interview→interviews (2023年1月浙江卷)64.event→events (2022·新高考I卷)62.population→populations名词所有格 掌握名词所有格的基本含义及其用法 (2022·新高考II卷)64.son→son’s (2021年1月浙江卷)58.person→person’s根据语境选择名词 考查根据语境选择恰当的名词,核心是语言的准确性和得体性 名词在完形填空中的运用: (2024·新高考I卷)45.achievement成就; 46.reason理由;50.problem问题;51.challenges挑战; 55.goals目标 (2024·新高考II卷)45.barrier障碍;48.acts行为;49.growth发育;50.dish菜肴;54.disadvantages缺点 (2024年1月浙江卷)41.encounter邂逅;44.chance机会;49.writers作者 (2023·新高考I卷)42.delay延误;petitor参赛者;44.race比赛;46.aid帮助;50.pain疼痛;52.deal交易,局面;54.meet体育比赛;55.display展示 (2023·新高考II卷)41.budget预算;42.transportation交通;49.stranger陌生人 (2023年1月浙江卷)42.treetops;48.rope;55.moment (2022·新高考I卷)42.memories记忆;49.wind风;51.luck好运;54.excitement兴奋;55.adventure冒险 (2022·新高考II卷)42.vacation假期;45.strangers’陌生人的;46.absence缺席;fort舒适,安慰; 51.success成功;52.expectations期待;55.decision决定 (2022年1月浙江卷)46.eyes;48.life;50.silence;53.program;56.money;60.retirement;61.age;62.light;63.beginning基数词和序数词的转化 熟练掌握序数词和基数词的拼写 (2023·全国甲卷)62.six--sixth (2021·新课标II卷)56.seven--seventh 根据新高考三年的考情分析,基数词和序数词的相互转换是可能的考查要点,因此,总结归类数词相关的转换规律及具体数词表达法是备考的重点方向。 考查重点是序数词、分数的表达法和有关数词的相关比较句型。考点一 以名词为核心的词形转换1.(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route which brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the 65 (rich) of gardening in England.2.(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international 62 (visible), said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed to find the connection between the two great writers.3.(2023年新高考Ⅱ卷) Since June 2017, right before the 56 (arrive) of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and confident speaking English.4.(2022年6月浙江卷)John Olson, a former 58 (photograph)and his team turn paintings into fully textured 3D models.5.(2024年1月浙江高考真题)Many supermarkets are no longer doing “buy one get one free” promotions because of the 60 (criticize) that they lead to waste. Consumers prefer money off individual items.1.根据语境标志词判断是否转化成名词(1)看到冠词或形容词或形容词性物主代词时, 要想到名词;(2)遇到介词或及物动词时要想到名词;(3)当看到并列连词所连接的前或后是名词时要想到名词。2. 根据空处词的位置,确定本词在句中的成分,作主语、宾语成分,可能填名词,表语也可能是名词。3. 熟记常见名词后缀:-age表示“状态;场所;费用”;-ory表示“工作场所;住处”;-ology表示“……学;……论”;-ure表示“状态”;-cy表示“性质;状态”;-ery表示“境遇;状况;性质;行为”;-ism表示“主义”;-ty表示“性质;状态;程度”。1.形容词转化为名词后缀后缀 例词-age short→shortage 短缺 percent→percentage 百分比-cy efficient→efficiency效率 fluent→fluency流利 accurate→accuracy准确性 private→privacy隐私-dom free→freedom自由 wise→wisdom明智;智慧-ence different→difference差异 evident →evidence 证据-ness weak→weakness虚弱;弱点 thick→thickness厚度 kind→kindness仁慈,友好 careless→carelessness粗心大意-th strong→strength力气;优势 warm→warmth温暖;热情-y/-ty/-ity difficult→difficulty困难 disable→disability缺陷;伤残 responsible→responsibility责任 honest→honesty诚实 ①careless→ carelessness粗心大意helpless→ helplessness无助safe→ safeness安全性(易混:safety安全)【注意】以“辅音字母+y”结尾的,变y为i再加-ness lonely→ loneliness孤独②strong→ strength力气;强项true→ truth真实wide→ width宽度deep→ depth深度long→ length长度young→ youth年轻人【高频再现】①absent→ absence缺席confident→ confidence自信心different→ difference不同evident→ evidence证据patient→ patience耐心②bored→ boredom厌烦free→ freedom自由;自主wise→ wisdom明智;智慧③difficult→ difficulty困难discover→ discovery发现deliver→delivery递送recover→recovery恢复;痊愈honest→ honesty诚实④certain→ certainty必然的事cruel→ cruelty残酷;残暴safe→ safety安全⑤able→ ability能力disable→ disability无能;残疾active→ activity活动real→ reality现实responsible→ responsibility责任 visible→visibility知名度2.动词转化为名词后缀后缀 例词-ion/ -tion/ -sion/ attract→attraction吸引力 celebrate→celebration庆祝 conclude→conclusion结论;结束 discuss→discussion讨论;论述 decide→decision决定 admit→admission承认;准许加入 permit→permission允许,许可 invite→invitation邀请 explain→explanation解释 expect→expectation期望-er/ -or sail→sailor海员,水手 drive→driver司机;驾驶员 gather→gatherer收集者,采集者 teach→teacher老师 announce→announcer广播员 conduct→conductor指挥;售票员-ment punish→punishment惩罚 achieve→achievement成就 argue→argument辩论;论据 treat→treatment对待;治疗 equip →equipment装备;设备 govern→government政府 astonish→astonishment惊奇 develop→development发展-ance/ -ence appear→appearance出现;外貌 guide→guidance指引;指导 perform→performance表演;表现 exist→existence存在;生存 prefer→preference偏爱 refer→reference参考,查阅-ure/ -ture fail→failure失败;倒闭 press→pressure压力 depart→departure离开;出发 mix→mixture混合(物)-ing hear→hearing听力,听觉 begin→beginning开始 build→building建筑 warn→warning 警告-y recover→recovery恢复 discover→discovery发现①enter→ entrance进入exist→ existence存在;生存prefer→ preference偏爱refer→ reference参考;查阅differ→ difference不同②imagine→ imagination想象力starve→ starvation挨饿occupy→ occupation工作,职业;占领③cover→ coverage覆盖范围short→ shortage不足;短缺marry→ marriage婚姻pack→ package包裹④serve→ servant仆人participate→ participant参加者assist→ assistant助手apply→ applicant申请人⑤clean→ cleaner清洁剂contain→ container容器cook→ cooker炊具draw→ drawer抽屉dry→ drier干燥剂;干燥机sharpen→ sharpener铅笔刀shave→ shaver剃须刀thrill→ thriller惊悚小说/电影calculate→ calculator计算器tract→ tractor拖拉机【高频再现】①approve→approval赞成;批准arrive→arrival到来;到达survive→survival幸存propose→proposal提议;建议refuse→refusal拒绝②press→pressure压力mix→mixture混合;混合物depart→departure离开;出发fail→failure失败please→pleasure愉快③educate→education教育evaluate→evaluation评估graduate→graduation毕业④equip→equipment设备employ→employment雇用treat→treatment对待;治疗⑤employ→employee雇员interview→interviewee参加面试者train→trainee受训者;实习生escape→escapee逃亡者3.名词转化为名词后缀后缀 例词-ian/ -ist/ music→ musician音乐家politics→ politician政治家 science→ scientist科学家piano→ pianist钢琴家①history→ historian历史学家library→ librarian图书管理员②cycle→ cyclist骑自行车的人考向1 形容词转化为名词1.(2025·广东省清远市一模)According to the organizers, Dunhuang culture is an essential part of the (diverse) of world culture.2.(2025·云南省保山市摸底)The (convenient) of the service has greatly promoted international passenger travel in Laos and cross-border cargo transportation in the region.3.(2025·浙江Z20名校联盟第一次联考)Thus, the Indian movie industry’s further development solely depends on domestic companies’ (capable) to cooperate with western filmmakers, which will facilitate the promotion of a product appealing to diverse audiences.考向2 动词转化为名词1.(2025·东北三校联考)Chinese festivals like Mid-Autumn Festival promote family reunion and(appreciate) for nature’s beauty.2.(2025·河北省石家庄市第二中学月考)During his second year of college, he joined the martial arts club. With the(assist) of the club, he, together with other 5 students was given the opportunity to visit the Shaolin Temple in China’s Henan province.3.(2025·甘青宁三省多校联考)Sadly, over the last decades, the number of ancient tea trees still in (exist) has been on a stable decline.考向3 名词转化为名词1.(2025·江苏省南京市六校联合体期中)The movie also features some of the most famous poets and artists of the era, including Wang Changling, known for his military-themed poems, calligrapher Zhang Xu and palace(music) Li Guinian.2.(2025·广州佛山市段考)Even though Tu Youyou is not interested in fame, she has become a(science) whose work is internationally renowned.考点二 名词复数1.(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)These plants included modern Western 62 (favourite) such as rosemary, lavender and fennel.2.(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)Tang and Shakespeare were contemporaries and both died in 1616. Although they could never have met, there are common 57 (theme)in their works, said Paul Edmondson, head of research for the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust.3.(2024·北京卷)To practise this, we need to establish clear 14 (boundary) in our personal and professional life.4.(2021·新课标I卷)The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we 57 (human) are.1. 根据规则确定名词单复数(1)如果空格处被these, several, many和数词等修饰时, 要考虑用名词的复数形式;(2)如果一般现在时的谓语动词是动词原形或are, 要考虑用名词的复数形式;(3)在平时学习中要熟记名词单数变复数的规则, 方能解决好此类问题。2. 注意抽象名词具体化后的名词复数形式。例如:population的复数是populations。3.注意不规则名词的复数,尤其是不要进行错误推理,要全面复习。2021年高考中的human的复数形式,很多同学因为类比出现错误,误写成humen。本题受man复数men的影响,易错写成humen,这是二轮复习强化的要点,强化易混易错,重点查漏补缺。1. 牢记名词变复数的5种变化形式(1)一般情况下,在词尾直接加-s:book→ books, mouth→ mouths, house→ houses, girl→ girls(2)以-s, -x, -ch, -sh结尾的名词,在词尾加-es:glass→ glasses, box→ boxes, match→ matches(3)以辅音字母+-y结尾的名词,变y为i再加-es;city→ cities, country→ countries, party→ parties(4) 【注意】以o结尾的名词常在词尾加-s:radios, zoos, pianos, kilos, photos;加-es的有以下词:heroes, Negroes, tomatoes, potatoes。(5) 【注意】以-f,-fe结尾的名词①少数直接加-s:roof→ roofs,belief→ beliefs。②一般以-f或-fe结尾的名词要变f或fe为v再加-es:self, life, thief, wife, knife, leaf, shelf, wolf, half。2.名词在不定代词few, a few, other, all, both, many, several等后时,要想到用复数形式。3.谓语动词为复数形式,要想到作主语的名词用复数形式。4.【注意】注意一些不规则变化的名词复数,如child→ children, man→ men, tooth→ teeth, foot→ feet, woman→ women等。但human→ humans(准确记住不规则变化是二轮复习的重点,这样防止知识漏洞。)5.有些词用复数形式表示祝愿、礼貌或客气等,如congratulations(祝贺)、regards(问候)、respects(敬意)、thanks(谢谢)、wishes(祝愿)等。6.【高频再现】一些固定短语中的名词只用复数形式,常见的有:make friends with(与……交朋友)、shake hands with...(与……握手)、take measures(采取措施)、make preparations for(为……作准备)、in high spirits(兴高采烈地)。7.常考的不可数名词(1)表物质的不可数名词:baggage/luggage(行李)、cash(现金)、meat(肉)、paper(纸张)等。(2)表抽象概念的不可数名词:work(工作)、knowledge(知识)、luck(运气)、scenery(风景)、traffic(交通)等。(3)【注意】永远不可数的重点名词:advice(建议)、equipment(设备)、fun(乐趣)、furniture(家具)、progress(进步)、news/word(消息)等。(一定记牢)8.名词单复数的形式比较复杂,注意掌握好以下的情况(1)有些名词一般不用复数形式,但可用复数形式来表达不同的类别fishes各种鱼;fruits各种水果;steels各种钢材(2)有些名词的单复数形式表达不同的含义snow雪, snows积雪; two people两个人,two peoples两个民族(3)glass一词作 “玻璃”解时,为物质名词,不可数The cup is made of glass. 作 “玻璃杯”解时,则为个体名词,可数;如I bought ten glasses this morning. 作 “眼镜”解时,须用复数形式glasses.如: a man with thick glasses(4)paper一词作“纸”解时,不可数write on paper; 作“报纸”“文件”“考卷”解时,则可数,如: hand in your test papers(5)物质名词表示数量时,一般用表示数量的短语来表示。of之前的数量名词,要根据情况使用单数或复数形式a cup of tea; four pieces of bread; a cake of soap(6)有些抽象名词的复数形式表示不同的含义time(时间)→times( 时代,次,倍数) work(工作)→ works( 著作,工厂,工事)air(空气) →airs( 气派,架子,姿态 ) look(看)→looks(容貌)custom(习惯) →customs(海关) advice(劝告)→advices(消息)arm(手臂)→arms(军火) damage(损坏)→damages(赔偿金)glass(玻璃)→glasses(眼镜,玻璃杯) good(利益)→ goods(货物)compass(指南针)→compasses(圆规) manner(态度) →manners(礼貌,习俗)1.(2025·广东省梅州市高考仿真模拟)Chinese-inflected cultural activities took place at the festival, including flying performance at the opening ceremony, workshops for kite-making (technique) by artisans (工匠) from Weifang, as well as performances and experiential activities from lion dances to martial arts and performances of traditional Chinese instruments and tea ceremonies.2.(2025·安徽省皖豫名校联盟联考)Hu performed a series of Chinese music pieces, Hundreds of Birds Paying Homage to Phoenix included, and also played with local musicians _______ (adaptation) of Cuban music pieces.3.(2025·江苏省海门中学第一次调研)Tang lived and worked in Jiangxi Province during the Ming Dynasty at around the same time that William Shakespeare, the great wordsmith and playwright, was active half a world away in England during the Tudor era. They were (contemporary) whose works remain popular and are still performed today.。考点三 名词所有格1.(2022·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)“He saved my 64 (son) life,” said Mrs. Brown.2.(2021·浙江卷)It is calculated by dividing a 58 (person) weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25 is considered healthy.1.表示两者各自所有关系时,分别在每个名词的词尾加’s;表示两者共有,在最后名词词尾加’s。如:This is Tom and Jim's father 汤姆和吉姆的父亲。Have you ever met Tom's and Jim's fathers before 汤姆父亲和吉姆父亲2. 双重所有格的构成为:“名词+of+-'s所有格”或“名词+of+名词性物主代词”。表示“其中之一”或“其中一部分”,名词前可用a,any,some,a few,two,this,that,these,those 等修饰,但不能用the。如:a picture of my mother's我母亲(拥有)的一张照片;this little cat of your sister's你妹妹的这只小猫。名词的所有格:(1)有生命的名词,其所有格一般在名词后加-'s。(2)表示时间、城市、地域、团体、机构等非生命的事物后也可加-'s表示其所有格。(3)无生命的名词,借用of表示所属关系。(4) 【注意】如果一样东西为两个人共有,则只在后一个名词后加-'s,如果不是共有的则两个名词后都要加-'s。Jane and Mary's mother 简和玛丽的妈妈(共有,暗示简和玛丽是姐妹关系)Jane's and Mary's mothers 简的妈妈和玛丽的妈妈(不是共有,分别指两位妈妈)(5) 【注意】双重所有格:“a/two/some... +名词+of+名词's/名词性物主代词”构成双重所有格,“of+名词所有格”中的名词必须表示人,不能表示事物。a friend of her mother's 她妈妈的一个朋友two photos of hers 她的两张照片1.(2025·浙江省杭州市七彩阳光新高考研究联盟联考)Panda enthusiasts in both China and the US will have various means of learning about the (pair) daily lives and adjustment process, according to the National Forestry and Grassland Administration.2.(2025·浙江省金华第一中学月考)The bus was not a performance group of any kind but a mobile science class jointly organized by the Ministry of Education, the China Science and Technology Museum and a social media platform, aiming to sow seeds of passion for science among children in the (country) vast rural areas.考点四 考查抽象名词具体化用法1.(2023·全国甲卷)The themes of traditional fables often deal with simple truths about everyday life. However, Carson’s theme is a more weighty 69 (warn) about environmental destruction.2.(2020·新课标Ⅱ卷)Chinese New Year is a 61 (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring.有些表示表示抽象意义的名词,在具体的语境中表示具体的人、事物或活动。常考的有以tion结尾的抽象名词,failure,success等。例如:celebration抽象意义:庆祝;具体意义:某种庆祝活动;failure抽象意义:失败;具体意义:失败的人或事;success抽象意义:成功;具体意义:成功的人或事。1.具有某种特性、状态、情感的抽象名词在表示具体的概念时,可以与不定冠词连用,常考的有:单词 抽象名词意义 具体化名词意义success 成功 成功的人或事pleasure 乐趣 令人高兴的事beauty 美;美丽 美丽的人或事物comfort 安慰;慰藉 令人感到安慰的人或事物danger 危险 危险的人或因素delight 高兴 令人高兴的事failure 失败 失败的人或事物surprise 惊奇 令人惊奇的事情shock 震惊 令人震惊的事情pride 骄傲 令人骄傲的事情Your contribution will certainly make the event a huge success.你的贡献一定会使这个事件很成功。2.物质名词具体化drink饮料→two drinks 两杯饮料coffee咖啡→a coffee一杯咖啡chalk 粉笔→a chalk一支粉笔hair头发→a hair一根头发3.抽象名词与a(an)连用,淡化了抽象概念,转化为似乎可以体验到的动作、行为或类别。例如:Being able to afford a drink would be a comfort in those tough times.在那些艰难的时期,能够买得起一杯酒会是一件欣慰的事。1.(2025·吉林省普通高中一模)Sadly, Africa’s (contribute), which parallel global developments, are often undercredited.2.(2025·吉林省普通高中一模)The local artistic (create) are playing important roles in the Yellow River culture.3.(2025·山东省第一次备考监测联考)Even today, the Silk Road remains a major ______ (attract), drawing tourists from China and around the world.考点五 考查基数词、序数词及其相互转换1.(2023·全国甲卷)Fables were part of the oral tradition of many early cultures, and the well-known Aesop’s fables date to the 62 (six) century, BC.2.(2021·新高考II卷)I've always loved the ocean. In the 56 (seven) grade, I started volunteering at the Monterey Bay Aquarium in California.用序数词还是基数词一定要注意分清相关语境,有顺序的用序数词,无顺序的用基数词。但要注意隐含的语境,因为汉语和英语习惯的不同。例如:18岁生日eighteenth birthday;五年级fifth grade。基数词和序数词的相互转换①一般来说,序数词是由相应的基数词词尾加th构成。②十位整数序数词的构成方法是将y变为i,再加eth。③两位或两位以上的基数词变成序数词时,仅将个位数变成序数词。此外,常考的基数词、序数词一般会在100以内,具体见下表。one—first two—second three—third four—fourth five—fifth six—sixth seven—seventh eight—eighth nine—ninth ten—tenth eleven—eleventh twelve—twelfth thirteen—thirteenth fourteen—fourteenth fifteen—fifteenth sixteen—sixteenth seventeen—seventeenth eighteen—eighteenth nineteen—nineteenth twenty—twentieth thirty—thirtieth forty—fortieth fifty—fiftieth sixty—sixtieth seventy—seventieth eighty—eightieth ninety—ninetieth④注意比较,大家要特别注意记忆。如:fourteenth(第十四),fortieth(第四十),ninth(第九),nineteenth(第十九),ninetieth(第九十)1.(2025·辽宁省沈阳市第二中学模拟))The (one) American Labor Day was celebrated in New York City on September 5th,1882, as thousands of workers and their families came to Union Square for a day in the park.2.(2025·广东梅县东山中学高三月考))1.She is a remarkable athlete , known for her outstanding speed and skill, making her (two) only to the world champion in her sport. (所给词的适当形式填空)考点六 考查数词的表达法(分数是重点)1.(2025·河南省九师联盟联考)In 2013, nearly a ________ (three) of its population was still living under the absolute poverty line.分数是由基数词作分子,序数词作分母构成的。当分子是one或a时,序数词要用单数。例如:1/3 one third 【注意】一些特殊的分数表达法:例如:a half 二分之一 ;a quarter =one fourth 四分之一2.(2025·上海长宁高三二模)A couple in their ________ (seventy) living in London, UK can choose to play golf in council run courses costing from £10 each time.【答案】seventies【解析】考查数词表达法。此处指在他们七十几岁的时候,表达为:in their seventies。故填seventies。表示某人几十多岁的时候,要用in one’s +整十的基数词的复数形式。例如:in one’s thirties在某人30多岁。注意区分:in the thirties在30年代;an eight-year-old boy一个八岁的男孩3.(2025·河北省邯郸市统考)Water shortage is one of the greatest crises facing us today, with two ________ (three) of the global population living in areas where water is scarce (稀缺的) for a month or more every year.分数是由基数词作分子,序数词作分母构成的。当分子大于1时,序数词都要用复数形式。例如: 7/9 seven ninths【注意】一些特殊的分数表达法: three quarters=three fourths 四分之三1. 与数词相关的表达法①分数是由基数词作分子,序数词作分母构成的。除了分子是"1"的情况外,序数词都要用复数。②表示某人的大约年龄,即“几十多岁”时,使用基数词的复数形式。“in sb.'s+整十的基数词的复数”意为“在某人几十多岁时”。如:in his fifties。③当hundred, thousand, million, billion前面有基数词时,用单数形式,词尾不加-s;前面有many, several, a few修饰时,仍用单数形式。如:several billion years。④“数词+普通名词+形容词”构成的合成形容词中,数词和普通名词都要用单数形式。2. 易混易错数词考点①序数词前有时可用不定冠词a/an,此时不强调顺序。“a/an+序数词”相当于another,表示“又一个,再一个”。You'd better try a third time.你最好再试一次。②表示“许多,大量;一些”的词和短语特征 词语 备注只修饰可数名词 a few, quite a few, many, a good many,a large number of, dozens of, scores of, hundreds of, thousands of, millions of 作主语时,谓语动词用复数只修饰不可数名词 a little, much, a great deal of, a large amount of 作主语时,谓语动词用单数既可以修饰可数名词也可以修饰不可数名词 a lot of, lots of, plenty of 作主语时,谓语动词单复数形式根据名词来定a large quantity of 作主语时,谓语动词单复数形式由后面的名词决定large quantities of 作主语时,谓语动词用复数1.I want to buy a pair of sports shoes, at a proper price, but of good quality.2.Water shortage is one of the greatest crises facing us today, with two (three) of the global population living in areas where water is scarce for a month or more every year.3.Most Brits spend almost (two)as much of their leisure time socializing with others as they do being alone.4.As we can learn from the newspaper, they are already in their (thirty) without a child.04重难点突破 名词和数词基本知识的综合运用名词重难点突破:高考评价体系要求:考生能在具体的语境中,准确判断和使用基本的语法规则。提高名词运用能力的基本策略:1.根据所处位置判断是否填入名词形式。如谓语动词之前、介词之后、形容词之后、冠词或数词之后。2.单数可数名词不能单独使用,要与冠词、指示代词、不定代词等连用,否则就用复数形式表示复数含义。3.注意固定短语中名词的单复数。4.注意名词应该与其修饰语保持数的一致。5.不可数名词没有复数形式,不能与不定冠词连用。数词重难点突破:1.需要使用数词时,要先看清是使用该词的基数词形式还是序数词形式。2.使用序数词时,注意前面要有定冠词the。3.注意固定用法中的数词的使用及与冠词、介词的搭配,如in the 1820s,in his 30s,thousands of等。4.注意一些数词的特殊用法。(2025·河北省邢台市邢襄联盟期中)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。(标黄题号为本专题考点)The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR) government on Thursday announced the birth of panda twins on the early morning of August 15th in Hong Kong. The pair, a female and a male, are cubs (幼崽) of Ying Ying and Le Le, pandas 1 (give) as a gift by the Central People’s Government to Hong Kong in 2007.Ying Ying and Le Le successfully 2 (complete) natural mating in Ocean Park in March. After five months of gestation (孕育), the female giant panda Ying Ying 3 (final) gave birth to the twins.A team of animal care 4 (professional), together with experts from the China Conservation and Research Center for Giant Panda, are now working around the clock 5 (take) care of Ying Ying and the newborn twins 6 their condition fully stabilizes.HKSAR Chief Executive John Lee thanked the Central People’s Government for 7 (gift) the pandas, which he said fully demonstrates its care and support for the HKSAR. He said that this year is the 75th anniversary of 8 founding of the People’s Republic of China, and the birth of the first pair of giant panda cubs in Hong Kong is 9 special significance. He also thanked the Ocean Park team and the China Conservation and Research Center for Giant Panda for their meticulous (细心的) care of Ying Ying and the twin cubs.Ying Ying and Le Le were the 10 (two) pair of gift pandas from the Central People’s Government to celebrate the 10th anniversary of Hong Kong’s return to the motherland.21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com) 展开更多...... 收起↑ 资源列表 2025年高考英语二轮复习(新高考通用)专题01名词、数词(讲义)(学生版).docx 2025年高考英语二轮复习(新高考通用)专题01名词、数词(讲义)(教师版).docx