资源简介 2025年初中英语中考专项复习---动词语态【知识导图】【要点拓展】1.主动语态与被动语态的转换(1)句式“主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语”的转换。含有双宾语的主动句变为被动句时,有两种方式:可将间接宾语变为被动结构的主语,直接宾语不变。My grandma gave me a present yesterday. → I was given a present by my grandma yesterday.也可以将直接宾语变为被动结构的主语,这时,应在间接宾语前加介词,如:to、for等。My father bought me a new computer. → A new computer was bought for me by my father.(2)句式“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”的转换。含有宾语补足语的主动句变为被动句时,可将其宾语变为被动结构的主语,宾语补足语留在原处作主语的补足语。The man painted the door green yesterday. → The door was painted green by the man yesterday.(3)含有感官动词see、hear、watch、feel、notice等以及后面跟不带to的不定式的使役动词make、let、have等的主动句变为被动句时,应加上不定式符号to。The boss makes them work twelve hours a day. → They are made to work twelve hours a day by the boss。(4)含有短语动词的主动句变为被动句时,不能把动词与介词或副词分开,也不能遗漏动词后的介词和副词。I can take good care of the dog. → The dog can be taken good care of by me.2.主动形式表示被动意义的情况(1)连系动词如smell、taste、feel、sound等,可以用主动形式表示被动意义。The water smells funny. 水味道怪怪的。(2)表示主语特征、状态的动词如wash、write、sell、read、open、cut、keep、lock、clean等,可以用主动形式表示被动意义。The kind of cloth washes well. 这种布料很容易洗。This kind of car sells well. 这种汽车卖得好。(3)表示开始、结束类的动词如start、begin、close、finish、stop、end等,可以用主动形式表示被动意义。In the third year, students begin the study of classical Chinese. 学生在三年级开始学习古代汉语。(4)在表示“需要”意义的need、want、require等词的后面加动名词,是主动形式表示被动意义,其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。This desk needs repairing(=to be repaired). 这张课桌需要修理。Your coat needs washing(=to be washed). 你的大衣需要洗一下。(5)形容词worth后跟动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。These books are worth reading. 这些书值得一读。The museum is worth visiting. 那个博物馆值得参观。【奇思巧计】被动语态强调“宾”,用be加上“过去分”“be”要随着主语变,人称时态要弄准。“行为对象”作主语, 逻辑主语“by"来引。原句若是双宾语,一变“主”来- -保“宾”。“间宾”要把主语变,原来“直宾”还是“宾”。“直宾”要把主语变,“间宾”前加“to”最称心。唯有原“宾”是“复合”,只有变宾要当心。原句“宾补”变“主补”,位置不必挪寸分。情态动词变“被动”,情态加be加过分。如若“情态”后带to,变后有to才弄准。“短语动词”变“被动”,相当“及物”莫疑心。不过其后“介”或“副”,变后还得要承认。【真题链接】一、单项选择1.—Good morning! May I have a plate of dumplings, please —Sorry. Dumplings ________ only at dinner.A.serve B.are served C.are serving D.will serve2.—It’s a pity! A music fan like you didn’t go to Nantong Music Festival.—I knew it ________ several weeks ago. But I was on business.A.is held B.will be held C.was held D.held3.In Chinese culture, children born in the Year of the Monkey ________ to be smart.A.say B.is said C.says D.are said4.A lot of trees ________ last spring, so we can see more green this year.A.plant B.are planted C.planted D.were planted5.—A fashion show _______ in our school hall next week.—Great! I’m looking forward to it!A.holds B.is held C.was held D.will be held6.Many trees ________ every year to protect the environment.A.plant B.are planted C.were planted D.have planted7.Chinese ________ by more and more people around the world these days.A.speaks B.spoke C.is spoken D.was spoken8.Emma got excited when her writing ________ as a model in class.A.reads B.read C.is read D.was read9.The 2024 Paris Olympic Games ________ this July. Don’t miss it.A.holds B.will hold C.is held D.will be held10.Robot dogs _________ as volunteers for the first time during the 2023 Asian Games.A.use B.used C.are used D.were used二、单词拼写11.Usually, paper cuttings (put) on walls, windows and doors at wedding ceremonies or festivals.12.—How can I become a successful person —Well, you should remember that success is never by luck. (achieve)13.This stone bridge (build) over 800 years ago.14.The Olympic Games in Paris will be (hold) on July 26th, 2024.15.Paper was (invent) in China during the Han Dynasty.16.If salt is onto the ice, the freezing temperature will be lower than 0℃. (spread)17.No matter how many difficulties we have, I believe all problems can be (solve) in the end.18.New clothes and shoes (send) to children in poor areas by my classmates every year.19.No matter how many difficulties we meet, we believe all problems will be (solve).20.ChatGPT, an AI chatbot, was (develop) by OpenAI and met the public in November, 2022.21.All the dialogue in Baiju (speak) in Nanjing dialect, easy to understand, and full of humor.22.We are asked (take) our temperature every day.23.The Internet (invent) by the US government in the 1960s for the army to use.24.The house was in the 19th century and is a typical style of that time. (build)25.Jiangsu automatic(自动化) test of listening and speaking (hold) in April every year.参考答案题号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10答案 B C D D D B C D D D1.B【详解】句意:——早上好!我能要一盘饺子吗?——抱歉。饺子只在晚餐时供应。考查一般现在时的被动语态。Dumplings和serve之间为动宾关系,故此处使用被动语态。本句描述一般的状态,用一般现在时的被动语态即可。故选B。2.C【详解】句意:——太可惜了!像你这样的乐迷没有去南通音乐节。——我知道这是几周前举行的。但我是出差。考查时态和语态。主语it指代“南通音乐节”,和谓语hold“举办”之间是被动关系,根据“several weeks ago”可知此处用一般过去时的被动语态was/were done。故选C。3.D【详解】句意:在中国文化中,猴年出生的孩子被认为很聪明。考查时态和语态。句子主语是children,和谓语say之间是被动关系,用被动语态,be said to“据说”,主语是名词复数,be动词用are。故选D。4.D【详解】句意:去年春天种了很多树,所以今年我们可以看到更多的绿色。考查一般过去时的被动语态。根据“last spring”可知,动作发生在过去,且“trees”与“plant”之间是动宾关系,需用被动语态。故选D。5.D【详解】句意:——下周我们学校大礼堂将举办一场时装秀。——太棒了!我很期待。考查时态和语态。主语A fashion show和谓语hold之间是被动关系,根据“next week”可知此处用一般将来时的被动语态will be done。故选D。6.B【详解】句意:为了保护环境,每年都要种很多树。考查被动语态。分析题干可知,主语trees和动词plant“种植”之间是被动关系,结合“every year”可知,应用一般现在时的被动语态。故选B。7.C【详解】句意:如今,世界上越来越多的人说汉语。考查动词的时态和语态。分析句子结构可知,主语“Chinese”和动词speak之间是被动关系,应用被动语态,排除选项A和B选项;根据时间状语“these days”及句意可知,此处描述客观事实,时态应用一般现在时。故选C。8.D【详解】句意:当艾玛的作品在课堂上被当作模范朗读时,她很兴奋。考查一般过去时的被动语态。本句主语是动作的承受者,结合“Emma got excited”可知,动作发生在过去,所以用一般过去时的被动语态were/was done。故选D。9.D【详解】句意:2024年巴黎奥运会将于今年7月举行。不要错过。考查被动语态。主语Olympic Games和动词hold“举行”之间是被动关系,结合“this July.”和“The 2024”可知,应用一般将来时的被动语态will be done,故选D。10.D【详解】句意:2023年亚运会期间,机器狗首次被用作志愿者。考查时态和语态。主语Robot dogs和谓语use之间是被动关系,根据“during the 2023 Asian Games.”可知此处用一般过去时的被动语态was/were done。故选D。11.are put【详解】句意:通常,在婚礼或节日里,剪纸被贴在墙上、窗户和门上。主语“paper cuttings”与动词put之间是被动关系,结合Usually可知,此处用一般现在时被动语态,主语是复数形式,助动词用are,故填are put。12.achieved【详解】句意:——我怎样才能成为一个成功的人?——好吧,你应该记住,成功从来都不是靠运气实现的。achieve“实现”,动词。根据“by”可知,此处是被动语态,结构是be done,故achieve用其过去分词形式。故填achieved。13.was built【详解】句意:这座石桥建于800多年前。本句主语是动作的承受者,结合时间状语“over 800 years ago”可知,是一般过去时的被动语态,故填was built。14.held【详解】句意:巴黎奥运会将在2024年7月26日举办。主语与hold之间是动宾关系,因此用被动语态。hold的过去分词为held。故填held。15.invented【详解】句意:纸是在中国汉代发明的。invent“发明”,动词;主语“Paper”与动词之间是被动关系,需用被动语态“be done”。故填invented。16.spread【详解】句意:如果把盐撒在冰上,冰点温度就会低于0℃。spread“传播,散开”,动词。此处指盐被撒到冰上,是被动语态,spread用其过去分词形式,其过去分词形式是spread。故填spread。17.solved【详解】句意:不管我们有多少困难,我相信所有的问题最终都能解决。主语“problems”是动作的承受者,此处是含情态动词的被动语态,用动词过去分词,故填solved。18.are sent【详解】句意:我的同学每年都会给贫困地区的孩子们送新衣服和新鞋子。主语New clothes and shoes和谓语send之间是被动关系,根据“every year”可知句子用一般现在时,主语是复数,be动词用are。故填are sent。19.solved【详解】句意:不管我们遇到多少困难,我们相信所有的问题将会被解决。“solve”与“problems”是动宾关系,用被动语态,空处填过去分词。故填solved。20.developed【详解】句意:ChatGPT是由OpenAI开发的人工智能聊天机器人,于2022年11月与公众见面。develop“开发”,动词,和主语之间是被动关系,动词用过去分词,故填developed。21.is spoken【详解】句意:《白驹过隙》中的所有对话都是用南京方言说的,通俗易懂,幽默风趣。分析句子可知,句子时态是一般现在时,主语是All the dialogue,与动词speak之间是被动关系,此处应该用一般现在时的被动语态,其构成是:am/is/are done,主语是All the dialogue,指的是对话整体,be动词用is,speak的过去分词形式为spoken。故填is spoken。22.to take【详解】句意:我们被要求每天量体温。be asked to do sth.“被要求做某事”,故填to take。23.was invented【详解】句意:互联网是美国政府在20世纪60年代发明的,供军队使用。根据“by the US government”可知,此处用被动语态结构,结合时间状语in the 1960s可知,此处用一般过去时被动语态was/were done的结构,主语Internet表单数,助动词用was,故填was invented。24.built【详解】句意:这座房子建于19世纪,是那个时代的典型风格。分子句子可知主语house和build之间是被动关系,应用被动语态:be done,动词用过去分词,故填built。25.is held【详解】句意:听说江苏省自动化考试在每年的4月举行。主语是动作的承受者,结合“every year”可知,是一般现在时的被动语态,故填is held。 展开更多...... 收起↑ 资源预览