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Unit 1 Looking forwards Using language—高二英语外研版（2019）选择性必修第四册课前导学
重点单词
ambition __________________
correspondent __________________
historical __________________
detective __________________
ultimately __________________
guarantee __________________
illustrate __________________
energetic __________________
unfold __________________
extraordinary __________________
academic __________________
fictional __________________
originally __________________
immense __________________
renowned __________________
重点短语
be indifferent to __________________
in need of __________________
take up __________________
strive for __________________
be about to do sth. __________________
fall into a deep slee __________________
面对…… __________________
采取行动 __________________
发生在某人身上 __________________
准备就绪/妥当 __________________
致力/献身于 __________________
专注于 __________________
重难知识点
现在完成时
结构：
主动：have/ has done
被动：have/ has been done
现在完成时的标志：for+时间，since，during/in/over the last(past) few years (months, weeks...), in recent years, so far, up to now, by now等。
We used to see each other regularly, but I haven’t heard from him since last year.
我们过去经常见面，但从去年起我就没收到过他的信了。
下列句型中常用现在完成时
①It has been＋一段时间＋since从句；
②This (That/It) is the first (second...) time that...＋现在完成时；
This is the first time that Jack has won first prize in the competition.
这是杰克第一次在比赛中获得一等奖。
This is the most interesting film that I have ever seen. 这是我看过的最有趣的电影。
在时间或条件状语从句中，现在完成时可代替将来完成时。
as soon as…一……就……
I shall ( will ) post the letter as soon as I have written it. 我一写完信就把它寄出去。
现在进行时
意义和用法：
①表示说话时正在发生着的一个动作；
②表示现阶段但不一定是讲话时正在进行的动作；
③表示近期特定的安排或计划；
④与always，often等频度副词连用，表示经常反复的行为或某种感彩。
He is working on a paper. 他正在写一篇论文。
She is teaching English and learning Chinese. 她在教英语，同时也在学汉语。
I am meeting Mr. Wang tonight. 我今晚要和王先生见面。
The girl is always talking loud in public. 这个女孩总是在公共场合大声说话。
一般将来时
表示将来的动作或状态，常用“will/shall＋动词原形”，与表示将来的时间状语连用，如tomorrow，next week等。
We will have a meeting tomorrow. 我们明天开会。
be to do表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作，还可表示吩咐、命令、禁止、可能性等。
A meeting is to be held at 3:00 this afternoon.今天下午 3 点将召开一个会议。
You're to be back before five o'clock.你要在 5 点之前回来。
be about to do表示“即将，正要”
Autumn harvest is about to start.秋收即将开始。
一般过去时
基本用法：表示过去的事情、动作或状态，常与表示过去具体时间状语连用(或有上下文语境暗示)
We met her in the street yesterday. 我们昨天在街上遇到了她。
When he was young, he took cold baths regularly.他年轻时经常洗冷水澡。
表示两个紧接着发生的动作，由以下词语连接，常用一般过去时，如as soon as, immediately, the moment, the minute等。
The moment she came in, she told me what had happened to her.
她一进来，就告诉我她发生了什么事。
一般现在时
表示客观事实或普遍真理(不受时间限制)时用一般现在时。
表示现状、性质、状态时多用系动词或状态动词的一般现在时；表示经常或习惯性的动作，多用动作动词的一般现在时，且常与表频率的时间状语连用。
Ice feels cold. 冰摸起来很凉。
They always care for each other and help each other. 他们总是互相关心，互相帮助。
(3)表示知觉、态度、感情、某种抽象的关系或概念的词(短语)常用一般现在时，如see, hear, smell, taste, feel, notice, agree, believe, like, hate, want, think, belong to, seem等。
All the students here belong to No.1 Middle School. 这里所有的学生都属于第一中学。
(4)在时间、条件状语从句中，现在完成时可表示将来完成的动作。
I'll write to her when I have time.我有时间就会给她写信。
I will help mother cook the dinner after I come home.我回家后会帮妈妈做晚饭。
(5)表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作,常用一般现在时代替将来时，比如火车飞机等固定的时刻表。
The shop closes at 11:00 p.m. every day.这家商店每天晚上 11 点关门。
The train leaves at 10: 30 tomorrow. 火车明天 10 点 30 分开。
6．过去完成时
基本构成：had (not) +done
常用过去完成时的几种情况：
①句中含有by+时间, by the end of, by the time,等后接表示过去的时间的短语或从句时，句子常用过去完成时。
By the end of last year, we had produced 20,000 cars.到去年年底，我们已经生产了 2 万辆汽车。
②表示未曾实现的希望、打算、意图、诺言等，常用had hoped/ planned/ meant/ intended/ thought/wanted/expected等或用上述动词的过去式接不定式的完成式，即hoped/planned...＋to have done。
We had planned to finish the work before dark, but we were held up by a heavy rain.
我们原计划在天黑前完成这项工作，但被一场大雨耽搁了。
He said his first teacher had died at least 10 years before.
他说他的启蒙老师至少在 10 年前就去世了。
④在hardly...when..., no sooner...than...句型中，主句常用过去完成时，表示“一……就……”。当hardly, scarcely, no sooner置于句首时，其后要用部分倒装。
We had no sooner been seated than the bus started.
＝No sooner had we been seated than the bus started.
我们刚一坐下，公交车就开动了。
⑤This(That/It)was the first(second...) time that...＋过去完成时。
This was the first time that Tom had climbed the Mount Tai. 这是汤姆第一次爬泰山。
8．过去进行时
过去进行时表示过去某个时刻正在进行的动作或存在的状态。
He was reading an interesting book this time yesterday. 昨天这个时候他正在读一本有趣的书。
四、基础自测
A good __________ (detective) needs to be very observant and logical.
Her __________ (ambition) led her to study hard day and night.
This is a very important __________ (historical) document that records the events of that era.
The __________ (immense) mountain range is a natural wonder.
The __________ (energetic) children are always running around in the playground.
The company has made a __________ (guarantee) to improve the quality of its products.
The teacher used pictures to __________ (illustrate) the difficult concept.
The __________ (extraordinary) performance of the singer amazed the audience.
She is engaged in __________ (academic) research on environmental protection.
The story is not real. It's a __________ (fictional) one.
五、拓展练习
完形填空
Finding the Good
Days ago, my 91-year-old grandfather called me to test his new hearing aid. For the first time in years, he could hear my voice clearly again. It 1 us both.
I soon found out there was another reason 2 my grandfather being so happy— the new hearing aid service provider, Anna. As a senior, my grandfather became anxious easily whenever his device broke down. However, Anna gave time and attention and visited 3 to ensure that the new hearing aid 4 properly. She went beyond the call of 5 and refused to accept any reward but words as thanks.
Living in a world flooded with negative news, such kindness might sound 6 nowadays, and I wondered whether it’s more common than we think. Then I came across a study suggesting people often underestimate the 7 of strangers to engage with, or even befriend them. It explains that news coverage of current affairs tends to 8 more on the negative because humans give negative events more attention and become more 9 of the world and less hopeful than we need to be.
From my grandfather’s experience, I find sometimes what we hear, see or even know might not be the 10 picture. The truth might be hidden from us, requiring us to notice and 11 it. We could start by asking ourselves whether we’re laying too much 12 on negative news and letting them 13 us. We’re supposed to shift our attention and engage ourselves in sharing good news. So, why not 14 ourselves, for all of the bad in news, behind the scenes, in people’s ordinary lives, lie untold stories of extraordinary 15
A. terrified B. amused C. thrilled D. puzzled
A. accounting for B. pointing out C. making up D. turning to
A. regularly B. formally C. occasionally D. secretly
A. played B. worked C. sounded D. developed
A. duty B. freedom C. spirit D. adventure
A. reasonable B. normal C. rare D. interesting
A. complexity B. willingness C. ability D. risk
A. insist B. depend C. focus D. research
A. critical B. empty C. confident D. positive
A. ideal B. whole C. similar D. relevant
A. change B. acknowledge C. spot D. believe
A. burden B. doubt C. demand D. emphasis
A. embarrass B. serve C. leave D. surround
A. motivate B. remind C. warn D. challenge
A. gift B. vision C. insight D. good
短文填空
How Can I Fight Laziness
Nobody 1.______(like) to lose, but we must accept that losing is part of life. After all, we can’t win all the time. Although losing is unpleasant, it can be a positive thing. We can learn from every failure, which may help us succeed in the future. But first we must know 2._______ to be a good loser.
For one thing, we should take a positive attitude towards it. We can begin by realizing that losing is sometimes unavoidable. Therefore, we don’t need to be 3._______(embarrass). We must correct our mistakes and try again. 4._______ is known to all, practice makes perfect. If we practise 5._______ (lose) by creating challenges for 6._______(we), we will never be afraid of failure. For another, we should be polite when we lose. If we offer our congratulations to the winner and share in his or her 7._______(happy), our disappointment will 8._______(definite) go away.
All 9._______ all, being a good loser will help us to succeed in life. It might be painful at first, but there are many benefits. Good losers 10._______(respect) and admired and, most importantly, they win in the end.
答案以及解析
一、
n. 追求，理想
n. 通讯员，记者
adj.（有关）历史的
n. 私家侦探
adv. 最后，最终
v. 保证；保障
v. 阐明；举例说明
adj. 精力充沛的
v. （使）逐渐展现
adj. 非凡的
adj. 学术的
adj. 虚构的
adv. 原来；起初
adj. 巨大的
adj. 著名的
二、
对……漠不关心
需要……
开始从事，占据……
争取；为……奋斗
即将做某事
沉沉入睡
in the face of
take action
come one’s way
in place
devote oneself to doing sth.
focus on
四、
答案：detective
答案：ambition
答案：historical
答案：immense
答案：energetic
答案：guarantee
答案：illustrate
答案：extraordinary
答案：academic
答案：fictional
五、
完形填空
1.答案：C
解析：考查动词及语境理解。A.terrified使恐惧；B.amused逗乐；C.thrilled使激动；D.puzzled使困惑。句意：这让我们俩都激动不已。根据前文“For the first time in years， he could hear my voice clearly again.”可知多年来爷爷第一次能清楚听到“我”声音，这一情况让两人都很激动，故选C。
2.答案：A
解析：考查动词短语及语境理解。A.accounting for解释的原因；B.pointing out指出；C.making up组成，编造；D.turning to求助于，转向。句意：我很快就发现还有另一个能解释我爷爷为何如此开心的原因——那就是新的助听器服务提供者安娜。此处表示解释爷爷如此开心的另一个原因，所以用accounting for，故选A。
3.答案：A
解析：考查副词及语境理解。A.regularly定期地；B.formally正式地；C.occasionally偶尔；D.secretly秘密地。句意：然而，安娜付出了时间和精力，还定期上门查看，以确保那副新助听器能正常工作。从安娜付出时间和精力以及确保助听器正常工作等情况来看，她是定期上门查看，用regularly合适，故选A。
4.答案：B
解析：考查动词及语境理解。A.played玩耍，播放；B.worked运转，工作；C.sounded听起来；D.developed发展。句意：然而，安娜付出了时间和精力，还定期上门查看，以确保那副新助听器能正常工作。这里指确保新助听器能正常运转工作，所以用worked，故选B。
5.答案：A
解析：考查名词及语境理解。A.duty职责；B.freedom自由；C.spirit精神；D.adventure冒险。句意：她所做的超出了职责范围，并且除了把感谢的话语当作回报之外，拒绝接受任何其他报酬。"beyond the call of duty"是一个固定短语，意为"职责之外"，从后文"refused to accept any reward but words as thanks"(除了感谢的话语之外，拒绝接受任何报酬)可以看出，安娜做的事情超出了她本职工作要求的范围，所以用"duty"符合语境，故选A。
6.答案：C
解析：考查形容词及语境理解。A.reasonable合理的；B.normal正常的；C.rare罕见的；D.interesting有趣的。句意：生活在一个充斥着负面新闻的世界里，如今这样的善举可能听起来很罕见，而且我也在想它是否比我们认为的更为常见。前文提到生活在一个充斥着负面新闻的世界里，在这样的大环境下，像安娜所展现出来的这种善良的举动就相对显得比较稀少、不常见了，"rare"意思是罕见的，符合在负面新闻居多的背景下对善良举动的描述，故选C。
7.答案：B
解析：考查名词及语境理解。A.complexity复杂性；B.willingness意愿；C.ability能力；D.risk风险。句意：然后我偶然看到一项研究，该研究表明人们常常低估了陌生人与他人交往，甚至与他们成为朋友的意愿。句子后面提到"or even befriend them"(甚至和他们成为朋友)，整体在说人们与陌生人交往以及成为朋友相关的内容，这里表达的是人们常常低估了陌生人愿意去和他人交往、成为朋友的这种主观想法，也就是"意愿"，"willingness"符合语境，故选B。
8.答案：C
解析：考查动词及语境理解。A.insist坚持；B.depend依靠；C.focus聚焦；D.research研究。句意：其解释说，时事新闻报道往往更侧重于负面内容，因为人类会更关注负面事件，进而变得对这个世界更加挑剔，并且比我们应有的状态更缺乏希望。从我爷爷的经历中，我发现有时候我们所听到、看到甚至知晓的情况可能并非全貌。focus on是固定短语，意为"聚焦于，关注"，此处指新闻报道往往聚焦负面消息，故选C。
9.答案：A
解析：考查形容词及语境理解。A.critical挑剔的，批判的；B.empty空的；C.confident自信的；
D.positive积极的。句意：其解释说，时事新闻报道往往更侧重于负面内容，因为人类会更关注负面事件，进而变得对这个世界更加挑剔，并且比我们应有的状态更缺乏希望。前文提到人们更关注负面事件，当人们更多关注负面内容时，往往就会对世界持有一种更挑剔、更爱批判的态度，"critical"符合这种因为关注负面而产生的对世界的看法，故选A。
10.答案：B
解析：考查形容词及语境理解。A.ideal理想的；B.whole整个的，全部的；C.similar相似的；D.relevant相关的。句意：从我爷爷的经历中，我发现有时候我们所听到、看到甚至知晓的情况可能并非全貌。从爷爷的经历能看出，我们平时所听到、看到或者知道的那些信息，可能只是一部分，并非是全部的情况，"whole"表示整个、全部，"the whole picture"就是全貌的意思，符合此处说我们了解的信息不全面的语境，故选B。
11.答案：C
解析：考查动词及语境理解。A.change改变；B.acknowledge承认；C.spot发现；D.beieve相信。句意：真相可能会对我们隐匿起来，这就需要我们去留意并发现它。前文提到"From my grandfather's experience, I find sometimes what we hear, see or even know might not be the_10_picture."也就是说，真相往往是被隐藏起来的，我们很难直接看到全部的真实情况。在这样的语境下，"requiring us to notice and..."这里表达的是需要我们去留意并且能够识别、发现那些被隐藏起来的真相。故选C。
12.答案：D
解析：考查名词及语境理解。A.burden负担；B.doubt怀疑；C.demand要求；D.emphasis强调，重点。句意：我们可以先问问自己，是否过于着重关注负面新闻，并且任由它们围绕在我们身边。此处指我们是否过于强调负面新闻了，lay emphasis on是固定短语，意为"强调，着重于"，故选D。
13.答案：D
解析：考查动词及语境理解。A.embarrass使尴尬；B.serve服务；C.leave离开；D.surround围绕。句意：我们可以先问问自己，是不是过于看重负面新闻，并且让它们环绕在我们周围。根据前文"letting them…"这里的"them"指代的是"negative news"，句子意思是我们是不是过于关注负面新闻，然后让这些负面新闻怎样我们，结合语境应该是让负面新闻围绕在我们身边，"surround"有围绕的意思，符合让负面新闻充斥在我们周围的情境故选D。
14.答案：B
解析：考查动词及语境理解。A.motivate激励；B.remind提醒；C.warn警告；D.challenge挑战。
句意：那么，为什么不提醒我们自己，尽管新闻里全是各种糟糕的事，但在幕后，在人们的平凡生活中，却有着无数未被讲述的非凡美好的故事呢 此处是一种呼吁，提醒我们为何不这样做(去发现背后的美好故事等)，故选B。
15.答案：D
解析：考查名词及语境理解。A.gift礼物；B.vision视力，视野；C.insight洞察力；D.good美好，善良。句意：那么，为什么不提醒我们自己，虽说新闻里充斥着诸多不好的内容，但在幕后，在人们的平凡生活中，隐藏着数不清的非凡美好的故事呢 这里指在人们平凡生活背后，有着未被讲述的非凡美好的故事，故选D。
短文填空
答案：1.likes；2.how 3.embarrassed；4.As；5.losing；6.ourselves；7.happiness；8.definitely；9.in；10.are respected
解析：1.考查主谓一致。句意：没有人喜欢失败，但我们必须接受失败是生活的一部分。结合句意可知，此处在讲述一般事实，句子用一般现在时，主语为nobody，谓语动词用三单形式，故填likes。
2.考查特殊疑问词加不定式的结构。句意：但首先我们必须知道如何成为一个好的失败者。how to do表示"如何做某事"符合句意，故填how。
3.考查形容词。句意：因此，我们不必感到尴尬。分析句子可知，此处作表语，表示"感到尴尬的"，故用形容词embarrassed，故填embarrassed。
4.考查定语从句。句意：众所周知，熟能生巧。as is known to all表示"众所周知"，其中as引导非限制性定语从句，修饰后面一句话，置于句首，首字母大写，故填As。
5.考查动名词。句意：如果我们通过给自己制造挑战来练习失败，我们将永远不会害怕失败。practise doing表示"练习做某事"符合句意，故填losing。
6.考查反身代词。句意：如果我们通过给自己制造挑战来练习失败，我们将永远不会害怕失败。结合句意可知此处表示"给自己制造挑战"，故用反身代词，故填ourselves。
7.考查名词。句意：如果我们向获胜者表示祝贺，分享他或她的快乐，我们的失望肯定会消失。分析句子可知此处作介词in的宾语，故用名词作宾语，故填happiness。
8.考查副词。句意：如果我们向获胜者表示祝贺，分享他或她的快乐，我们的失望肯定会消失。分析句子可知此处用副词修饰动词go，故填definitely。
9.考查介词。句意：总之，做一个好的失败者将帮助我们在生活中取得成功。all in all表示"总之"符合句意，故填in。
10.考查动词时态及语态。好的失败者受到尊重和钦佩，最重要的是，他们最终会赢。结合句意可知，此处在讲述客观事实，句子用一般现在时，主语Good losers与respect之间是被动关系，且主语为复数形式，故填are respected。Unit 1 Looking forwards Developing ideas—高二英语外研版（2019）选择性必修第三册课前导学
重点单词
fluency __________________
qualified __________________
affection __________________
mixture __________________
circumstance __________________
arise __________________
symbolize __________________
alternative __________________
thoughtful __________________
numerous __________________
complex __________________
sincerely __________________
diverge __________________
dilemma __________________
重点短语
be praised for __________________
be set in __________________
look down __________________
make all the difference __________________
be set to music __________________
an insight into __________________
从……到……变化 __________________
由……引起，因……产生 __________________
有……共同之处 __________________
导致 __________________
做出正确的选择 __________________
使某人能够做某事 __________________
对……有热情 __________________
重难知识点
Like the writer, all we can do is look backwards “with a sigh” and imagine what could have been.
基本概念
在英语中，当句子主语部分包含实义动词 do（如 do, does, did, can do 等）时，作表语的不定式可以省略 to。这种结构强调主语和表语动作的同一性，使表达更简洁有力。
使用条件
必须同时满足以下两个条件：
主语部分包含 do 的某种形式（如 all I can do, what you did, the only thing to do 等）
表语是动词原形（即省略 to 的不定式）
典型结构
All + 主语 + can do + is + 动词原形
All we can do is wait. 我们只能等待。
What + 主语 + did + is + 动词原形
What he did was call the police. 他所做的就是报警。
The + 形容词最高级 + thing + to do + is + 动词原形
The best thing to do is apologize. 最好的做法是道歉。
语法对比
省略 to 的不定式作表语 All I did was tell the truth. 主语含 did，省略 to
完整不定式作表语 My goal is to become a doctor. 主语不含 do，必须带 to
动名词作表语 Her job is teaching English. 表示职业或常态
What if, in choosing one, we are unknowingly turning down other future opportunities
基本结构
What if + 主语 + 动词（一般现在时/过去时）
表示 "如果……会怎样？" 或 "要是……该怎么办？"，用于提出假设性疑问。
核心用法
表达担忧或疑虑（相当于"What would happen if..."）
What if it rains tomorrow 要是明天下雨怎么办？
What if I fail the exam 如果我考试不及格会怎样？
提出建议或假设（相当于"How about if..."）
What if we leave early to avoid traffic 我们早点出发避开堵车怎么样？
What if you try this method 你试试这个方法如何？
与过去事实相反的假设（用过去时）
What if you had missed the train yesterday 要是你昨天没赶上火车会怎样？
特殊形式
What if + 主语 + should + 动词原形（更正式，表极小可能性）
What if the machine should break down 万一机器坏了怎么办？
What if + 主语 + were to + 动词原形（强调虚拟）
What if you were to lose your job 假设你失业了会怎样？
易错点
时态混淆：
What if he will come （错误：不用将来时）
What if he comes （正确）
与"only if"混淆：
what if = 假设性疑问
only if = 唯一条件（如：I'll go only if you come with me.）
四、基础自测
Her __________ (fluency) in three languages impressed the interviewers.
The chemical experiment requires a __________ (complex) set of procedures.
We should __________ (strive for) excellence in every project we undertake.
The novel __________ (be set in) 19th-century Paris.
His __________ (affection) for classical music began in childhood.
The manager __________ (praise) the team for their outstanding performance.
These two theories __________ (have...in common) several key principles.
The artist used bright colors to __________ (symbolize) hope and renewal.
The conference will _______ new technologies ______ (range from) sustainable development.
This decision could ____________________ (make all the difference) in our company's future.
五、拓展练习
阅读理解
About a month after I joined Facebook, I got a call from Lori Goler, a highly regarded senior director of marketing at eBay. She made it clear this was a business call. “I want to apply to work with you at Facebook,” she said. “Instead of recommending myself, I want to ask you: What is your biggest problem, and how can I solve it ”
My jaw hit the floor. I had hired thousands of people over the previous decade and no one had ever said anything remotely like that. People usually focus on finding the right role for themselves, with the implication that their skills will help the company. Lori put Facebook’s needs front and center. It was a killer approach. I responded, “Recruiting is my biggest problem. And, yes, you can solve it.”
Lori never dreamed she would work in recruiting, but she jumped in. She even agreed to trade earnings for acquiring new skills in a new field. Lori did a great job running recruiting and within months was promoted to her current job, leading People@ Facebook.
The most common metaphor for careers is a ladder, but this concept no longer applies to most workers. As of 2010, the average American had eleven jobs from the ages of eighteen to forty-six alone. Lori often quotes Pattie Sellers, who came up with a much better metaphor: “Careers are a jungle gym, not a ladder.”
As Lori describes it, there’s only one way to get to the top of a ladder, but there are many ways to get to the top of a jungle gym. The jungle gym model benefits everyone, but especially women who might be starting careers, switching careers, getting blocked by external barriers, or reentering the workforce after taking time off. The ability to create a unique path with occasional dips, detours (弯路), and even dead ends presents great views of many people, not just those at the top. On a ladder, most climbers are stuck staring at the butt of the person above.
1.Why did Lori make the call
A. She tried to ask for a pay rise in Facebook.
B. She helped Facebook to solve the biggest problem.
C. She wanted to make a business deal with Facebook.
D. She wanted to become an employee in Facebook.
2.What impressed “I” by Lori
A. Lori was good at running recruiting.
B. Lori was skilled in marketing at eBay.
C. Lori attached great importance to Facebook’s needs.
D. Lori jumped in Facebook with no adequate experience.
3.What does “My jaw hit the floor” in the paragraph 2 mean
A. Amazed. B. Confused. C. Frightened. D. Concerned.
4.What is the best title of the passage
A. Facebook’s Biggest Problem.
B. It’s a Jungle Gym, Not a Ladder.
C. Applying for a Job in Facebook.
D. A Jungle Gym is Better than a Ladder.
七选五
Few people get excited about meetings. Meetings often become long-winded affairs where many people are not really contributing, and, sometimes, that happens because the people have no real reason to be there. Meetings can feel like a way to waste time. 1._________ . Let’s find out what makes for a good meeting agenda (议程) that will leave employees satisfied and ready to get to work.
2._________
Meetings can be unavoidable, but they can become useful tools rather than terrible experiences. One of the best ways to ensure this is to respect people’s time. Try to make meetings quick and focused.
Note the key points and follow them
3._________ . Make sure that everyone has access to the plan and also keep watch to ensure that the conversations keep to the plan. If other people are trying to take the dialogue in another direction, don’t be afraid to stop them and to offer to discuss the other points another time.
Keep a separate section for questions
Questions and comments can be valuable if focused on the topic. However, a good tip is to offer a special section that focuses on members’ additional contributions. 4._________ .
Take time before and after the meeting
It’s necessary to communicate before the meeting. 5._________ . Some groups need to be reminded to participate, while others should be reminded to keep their comments short and to the point.
After the meeting, examine what went right and offer positive observations. But also note what can be improved and where the problem lies. Work better to improve the situation the next time.
Respect people’s time.
Focus on the essentials.
It’s important to keep the main points in writing.
Set ground rules depending on your particular group.
Instead, perform the tasks of a meeting through an email.
However, when done correctly, they can also be powerful tools.
For new questions, matters, and more, set time aside at the end.
答案以及解析
一、
n. 熟练；流利
adj. 合格/胜任的
n. 喜爱；钟爱
n. 混合；混合体
n. 情况；情形
v. 由……引起
v. 代表，象征
n. 可供选择的事物
adj. 深思的
adj. 许多/很多的
adj. 复杂的
adv. 真诚/诚挚地
v. 岔开；分开
n. 困境
二、
因……而受到赞扬
以……为背景
俯视，向下看
起决定作用
被谱曲
对……的理解/洞察
range from...to...
arise from
have...in common
lead to
make the right choice
enable sb. to do sth.
have a passion for
四、
答案：fluency
答案：complex
答案：strive for
答案：is set in
答案：affection
答案：praised
答案：have in common
答案：symbolize
答案：range from...to
答案：make all the difference
五、
阅读理解
1.答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中“I want to apply to work with you at Facebook,” she said. “Instead of recommending myself, I want to ask you: What is your biggest problem, and how can I solve it "(她说：“我想申请到Facebook和你一起工作。我不想自荐，而是想问你：你目前最大的问题是什么,我要怎样才能解决它呢 ”)”可知，Lori打电话是想申请在Facebook工作，也就是想成为Facebook的一名员工。故选D。
2.答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中“People usually focus on finding the right role for themselves, with the implication that their skills will help the company. Lori put Facebook’s needs front and center. It was a killer approach.(人们通常专注于为自己找到合适的职位，这其中隐含的意思是他们的技能将有助于公司。Lori则把Facebook的需求放在首要和核心的位置。这是一种非常有效的方法)”可知，通常人们找工作关注为自己找合适角色，而Lori把Facebook的需求放在首位和中心，这一点让作者印象深刻。故选C。
3.答案：A
解析：词句猜测题。根据第二段中" I had hired thousands of people over the previous decade and no one had ever said anything remotely like that.(在过去的十年里，我招聘了成千上万的人，却从来没有人说过哪怕是一丁点类似这样的话)”可知，作者之前雇佣过成千上万的人，但没有人说过类似的话，所以作者听到Lori的话时应该是很惊讶的，所以“My jaw hit the floor”意思是“惊讶的”。故选A。
4.答案：B
解析：主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第四段的“Lori often quotes Pattie Sellers, who came up with a much better metaphor: “Careers are a jungle gym, not a ladder ."(Lori经常引用帕蒂·塞勒斯的话，塞勒斯想出了一个更好的比喻：“职业生涯是一个攀爬架，而不是一架梯子。”)可知，文章先讲述了Lori以独特的方式申请Facebook的工作，之后引出关于职业的比喻，指出传统的“职业是梯子”的概念不再适用于大多数人，更好的比喻是“职业是攀爬架”,并阐述了攀爬架模式的好处。所以B选项“It's a Jungle Gym, Not a Ladder.(这是一个攀爬架，而不是梯子)”既包含了职业的新比喻，又能概括文章主旨。故选B。
七选五
答案：1-5 FACGD
解析：1.上文“Meetings can feel like a way to waste time.(会议可能是一种浪费时间的方式。)”指出会议浪费时间，下文“Let's find out what makes for a good meeting agenda that will leave employees satisfied and ready to get to work.(让我们找出什么样的会议议程能让员工满意，并准备好开始工作。)”指出要找出好的会议议程，让员工满意，准备好工作。可知，空处承上启下，指出会议也有好的一方面，F项“However, when done correctly, they can also be powerful tools.(然而，如果做得正确，它们也可以是强大的工具)”符合语境。故选F。
2.根据本段内容"Meetings can be unavoidable, but they can become useful tools rather than terrible experiences. One of the best ways to ensure this is to respect people's time. Try to make meetings quick and focused.(会议是不可避免的，但它们可以成为有用的工具，而不是可怕的经历。确保这一点的最好方法之一就是尊重人们的时间。尽量让会议简短而专注。)”可知，本段主要是关于尊重人们的时间，让会议简短而专注。A项“Respect people's time.(尊重人们的时间)”符合语境。故选A。
3.根据本段小标题“Note the key points and follow them.(记下要点并遵循它们。)”以及下文"Make sure that everyone has access to the plan and also keep watch to ensure that the conversations keep to the plan.(确保每个人都能接触到这个计划，并且也要保持警惕，以确保对话符合计划。)”可知，本段主要是关于记下会议要点，并且遵循它们，C项中“keep the main points”与本段主题一致。C项“It's important to keep the main points in writing.(把要点写下来很重要)”符合语境。故选C。
4.根据上文“However, a good tip is to offer a special section that focuses on members' additional contributions.(然而，一个好的建议是提供一个专门的部分，专注于成员的额外贡献。)”可知，上文提到要设置专门的部分，关注成员的额外贡献，G项中“set time aside at the end”与上文承接，指出为新的问题，事项等留出时间。G项“For new questions, matters, and more, set time aside at the end.(对于新的问题、事项等，在最后留出时间)”符合语境。故选G。
5.根据上文“It's necessary to communicate before the meeting.(会前沟通是必要的。)”以及下文“Some groups need to be reminded to participate, while others should be reminded to keep their comments short and to the point.(有些团队需要被提醒参与，而有些团队则需要被提醒保持评论简短且切题。)”可知，上文指出会前沟通是必要的，下文则指出不同的团队需要不同的提醒，由此可知，空处承上启下，指出要根据团队情况设定基本规则，D项中“Set ground rules”与此相符。D项“Set ground rules depending on your particular group.(根据你的特定团队设定基本规则)”符合语境。故选D。

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