资源简介

Unit 2 Lessons in life Using language—高二英语外研版（2019）选择性必修第四册课前导学
重点单词
cooperate __________________
fee __________________
qualified __________________
affection __________________
circumstance __________________
arise __________________
symbolize __________________
alternative __________________
commercial __________________
重点短语
university fees __________________
make all the difference __________________
have...in common __________________
in most circumstances __________________
重难知识点
被动语态
构成
被动语态由“be+过去分词”构成。be 随着主语的人称、数、时态和语气的不同而变化。
注意：不能用于被动语态的几种常见情况：
（1）不及物动词或不及物动词短语不能用于被动语态。
The final exam is approaching. 期末考试马上要来了。
（2）表示状态的谓语动词，如 last、hold、contain、fit、cost 等。
The lecture will last for three hours. 讲座会持续 3 个小时。
（3）表示归属的动词（短语），如 have、own、belong to 等。
The old house belongs to Mr. Tony. 那座老房子是托尼先生的。
主动形式表被动意义
（1）当 clean、lock、open、sell、read、write、wash 等作不及物动词时，表示主语的“品质”或“性能”。
This pen writes smoothly. 这支钢笔写起字来很流畅。
The door won't lock. 这扇门锁不上。
（2）当动词表示“开始、结束、关、停、转、启动”等意义时。
The opening ceremony will start at 8:00 tomorrow morning. 开幕式会在明天早晨 8点开始。
（3）在 need、deserve 等词的后面常跟动名词，用主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。
His old car which breaks down frequently needs repairing/to be repaired.
他那辆经常出故障的旧车需要修理了。
（4）“be worth+动名词”结构，用主动形式表示被动意义。
The book is worth reading again and again. 这本书值得一读再读。
（5）某些连系动词，如 look、sound、smell、feel、taste、prove 等，用主动形式表被动意义。
Though not known to use tools in the wild, the birds have proved skilful at tool use while kept in the cage.
虽然这些鸟不以在野外使用工具而闻名，但事实证明这些鸟在笼子里可以熟练使用工具。
（6）在“be+adj.+to do”中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语。
The new washing machine is easy to operate. 新的洗衣机操作起来很简单。
主动语态变被动语态
（1）注意动词短语的被动语态：动词短语是不可分割的整体，变为被动语态时，不能省略其中的介词或副词。
The meeting is to be put off till Friday. 会议将推迟到星期五。
（2）注意双宾语的被动语态：有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，
可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个宾语保留在被动结构中。
My friend gave me an interesting book on my birthday.
→I was given an interesting book by my friend on my birthday.
我的朋友在我生日那天送了我一本有趣的书。
（3）注意复合宾语的被动语态：当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，可将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余部分不动。使役动词以及感官动词等后跟省略 to 的不定式作宾语补足语时，其被动结构要加 to。
The teacher made him retell the passage.
→He was made to retell the passage by the teacher. 老师让他复述课文。
（4）主动语态的句子中的宾语是从句时，变为被动语态时要用形式主语 it。
They say that Mr. Zhang is a humorous teacher.
→It’s said that Mr. Zhang is a humorous teacher.
据说张老师是一个幽默的老师。
四、基础自测
The two companies decided to __________ (cooperate) on the new environmental project.
The _________ (fee) for this professional course is quite high, about $2000 per semester.
Only _________ (qualify) doctors are allowed to perform this specialized surgery.
She showed great _________ (affection) to the stray cat by feeding it every day.
Under normal _________ (circumstance), this chemical reaction should complete within 5 minutes.
Many unexpected problems can _________ (arise) when you travel to unfamiliar places.
In many cultures, the color white ____________ (symbolize) purity and innocence.
We need to find an ______________ (alternative) route since the main road is blocked.
The __________________ (commercial) during the TV show was so creative that many viewers remembered the product.
His actions ____________ (diverge) from the company’s core values, leading to conflicts.
五、拓展练习
阅读理解
It was the men’s skating finals of the Winter Olympics when l was 16. Someday I’d be in the Olympics. In fact, it was my dream.
That night I lay on our living room floor excitedly watching the battle between the Brians: American Brian Boitano facing Brian Orser in Canada. Both of them had been world champions. Both of them deserved to win. Naturally l was for Brian Boitano, a northern Californian like me. We had skated on the same ice. I held my breath in amazement. Boitano performed successfully. The gold medal! I jumped in the air when his score went up.
But what happened next is what Ill never forget. Brian Boitano sat in front of the camera with his coach, surrounded by a group of journalists. He was talking about his career and his medal, talking to the whole world. A terrible sinking feeling went through me. I could never be in the Olympics, I thought. I could not talk in public like that. Just the idea of a press conference terrified me.
I loved skating partly because I didn’t have to talk. I could express myself with my jumps and dances better. I didn’t have to stand up and give a speech like some teachers expected. I could feel the blood rush to my face if I thought a teacher was going to call me. I stared at my shoes. I was sure I’d make a fool of myself.
The next day I was at the rink（溜冰场）as usual. I was practising a combination of jumps that had once seemed impossible. I worked very hard the next few years—on the ice and especially off. After journalists talked to me and although my heart pounded every time I spoke to them, I got to know them. They became familiar faces. And they got to know me. So when my big moment came four years after Brians, I was ready. Sometimes I think my biggest accomplishment was not winning the gold but talking to the press afterwards. When you do the thing you fear most, you put an end to fear.
Fear can stop you dead in your tracks. Fear can kill a dream. What are you afraid of What scares you more than anything else This year, walk right up to it and conquer it, step by step.
1. What information can we get from the second paragraph
A. The author lived a hard life.
B. The author comes from Canada.
C. The author once skated with Orser.
D. The author wished Boitano to win the match
2. What is one of the reasons why the author liked skating according to the passage
A. She could build up her body to be healthier.
B. It could help her to get closer to her idol.
C. She could better express herself with body language.
D. The possibility of her being a world champion was great.
3. What the author felt the most satisfied with is that .
A. she lived up to her coaches expectations
B. she became a world champion as planned
C. she managed to overcome her inner fear eventually
D. she handled the balance between her career and life
4. What does the author mainly want to tell us
A. Face a fear bravely.
B. Practice makes perfect.
C. Bad times make a good man.
D. Failure is the mother of success.
短文填空
A hutong is an ancient city street typical in Beijing. 1. _____ (surround) the Forbidden City, many were built during the Yuan, Ming and Qing 2. _____ (dynasty). In order to establish the strongest power, emperors planned the city and arranged the residential areas. 3._____ center of the city Beijing was the royal palace - the Forbidden City.
At the end of the Qing dynasty, after 4. _____ (close) China came under the influence from abroad, many old hutongs lost 5._____ (they) former neat arrangement.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949,hutong conditions 6._____ (improve). But in recent years, the houses in many hutongs have been pulled down and replaced 7. _____ modern buildings. And the hutong today is fading into the shade for 8._____ tourists and local people.
However, in the urban district of Beijing, houses along hutongs still occupy one 9._____ (three) of the total area, providing housing for half population, so many hutongs 10._____ (survive). In this respect, we see the old in the new in Beijing as an ancient yet modern city.
答案以及解析
一、
v. 合作，协作
n. 工作酬金，服务费
adj. 合格/胜任的
n. 喜爱；钟爱
n. 情况；情形
v. 由...引起
v. 代表，象征
n. 可供选择的事物
n. 商业广告
二、
大学学费
起决定作用
有……共同之处
在大多数情况下
四、
答案：cooperate
解析：考查动词。句意：两家公司决定在新的环保项目上合作。decide to后接动词原形。
答案：fee
解析：考查名词。句意：这门专业课程的学费很高，每学期约2000美元。fee表示"费用"。
答案：qualified
解析：考查形容词。句意：只有有资质的医生被允许进行这项专业手术。qualified修饰名词doctors。
答案：affection
解析：考查名词。句意：她通过每天喂食表现出对流浪猫的深厚喜爱。show affection to是固定搭配。
答案：circumstances
解析：考查名词复数。句意：正常情况下，这个化学反应应在5分钟内完成。under normal circumstances是固定短语。
答案：arise
解析：考查动词。句意：当你去陌生地方旅行时，可能会出现许多意外问题。can后接动词原形，arise表示"出现"。
答案：symbolizes
解析：考查动词时态。句意：在许多文化中，白色象征纯洁和天真。主语color是单数，用一般现在时。
答案：alternative
解析：考查形容词。句意：由于主路被封，我们需要找条替代路线。alternative修饰名词route。
答案：commercial
解析：考查名词。句意：电视节目中插播的广告非常有创意，许多观众记住了产品。commercial指"商业广告"。
答案：diverged
解析：根据后半句"leading to conflicts"（导致冲突）可知，动作发生在过去并对现在产生影响，使用一般过去时。
五、
阅读理解
1.答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中提到的“Naturally I was for Brian Boitano，a northern Californian like me.”可知，作者支持 Brian Boitano，也就是希望他可以赢得比赛，故选D项。
2.答案：C
解析：推理判断题。第四段中提到“I loved skating partly because I didn't have to talk. I could express myself with my jumps and dances better.”，由此可知，作者不善于言谈，但可以通过滑冰的动作来表达自己，故选C项。
3.答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段第一句“Sometimes I think my biggest accomplishment was not winning the gold but talking to the press afterwards.”可知，作者对自己最满意的地方是克服了面对记者的恐惧，故选C项。
4.答案：A
解析：主旨大意题。文章讲述的是作者在冬奥会上的经历，文中最后一句用“This year，walk right up to it and conquer it，step by step.”作总结。由此可知，作者就是要告诉我们她是如何战胜恐惧的，故选A项。
短文填空
答案：Surrounding; dynasties; The; closed; their; were improved; by; both; third; have survived
解析：1.主要介绍了北京胡同的发展历史、建造作用以及当前的状况等。此处作状语,主语many代指“胡同”，和动词surround之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词形式。故填Surrounding。
2.主要介绍了北京胡同的发展历史、建造作用以及当前的状况等。根据“Yuan, Ming and Qing”可知，指三个朝代，dynasty为可数名词，故用复数形式。故填dynasties。
3.主要介绍了北京胡同的发展历史、建造作用以及当前的状况等。特指“北京城的中心”，故用定冠词the。故填The。
4.主要介绍了北京胡同的发展历史、建造作用以及当前的状况等。空处修饰名词China，表示“闭关自守的”，故用形容词。故填closed。
5.主要介绍了北京胡同的发展历史、建造作用以及当前的状况等。空处修饰名词短语“former neat arrangement”,故用形容词性物主代词。故填their。
6.主要介绍了北京胡同的发展历史、建造作用以及当前的状况等。主语为“hutong conditions"，和动词improve之间是被动关系，故用被动语态；根据时间状语，介绍过去发生的事情，故用一般过去时。故填were improved。
7.主要介绍了北京胡同的发展历史、建造作用以及当前的状况等。pull down为固定搭配，意为“拆毁”。故填down。
8.主要介绍了北京胡同的发展历史、建造作用以及当前的状况等。both...and...为固定搭配，意为“两者都……”故填both。
9.主要介绍了北京胡同的发展历史、建造作用以及当前的状况等。分母用序数词。故填third。
10.主要介绍了北京胡同的发展历史、建造作用以及当前的状况等。根据"still occupy"可知，表示过去的动作一直持续到现在，故用现在完成时。主语为hutongs，谓语动词用have。故填have survived。Unit 2 Lessons in life Understanding Ideas—高二英语外研版（2019）选择性必修第四册课前导学
重点单词
weaken __________________
anticipate __________________
pessimistic __________________
possession __________________
abnormal __________________
widespread __________________
recognition __________________
pebble __________________
metaphor __________________
annoying __________________
bravery __________________
appreciate __________________
insight __________________
distract __________________
reflection __________________
重点短语
be compared to __________________
spend time/money on... __________________
fill... with... __________________
take up __________________
concentrate on... __________________
lose one’s way __________________
当心，提防 __________________
充分利用 __________________
被……分心 __________________
树立我们自己的价值观 __________________
以……为基础；基于 __________________
毕竟 __________________
重难知识点
Once you learn how to die, you learn how to live.
基本结构
Once + 从句（一般现在时/过去时），主句
表示 "一旦……就……"，强调从句动作完成后，主句动作必然发生。
核心用法
(1) 表示条件性时间关系
Once you understand this rule, you'll use it correctly. 一旦你理解这个规则，就能正确使用它。
Once the contract is signed, it becomes legally binding. 合同一旦签署，即具有法律效力。
表达必然结果
Once the water boils, add the noodles. 水一烧开就下面条。
Once he makes a promise, he keeps it. 他一旦承诺，就会遵守。
Once you learn how to die, you learn how to live. 一旦你学会如何面对死亡，就学会了如何生活。
时态搭配
从句时态 主句时态 例句
一般现在时 一般将来时 Once you press the button, the machine will start.
一般过去时 一般过去时 Once she saw the results, she called me.
现在完成时 一般将来时 Once you have finished, you can leave.
注意：从句中常用现在时代替将来时（时间状语从句规则）。
与其他连词对比
When 单纯时间关系 When the bell rings, class ends.
After 先后顺序 After you leave, lock the door.
Once 强调"满足条件后立即发生" Once you taste it, you'll love it.
特殊注意事项
位置灵活性：
Once the sun sets, temperatures drop. （从句在前）
Temperatures drop once the sun sets. （从句在后）
省略主语（当主从句主语一致时）：
Once (you are) in the system, you can access all files.
一旦（你）进入这个系统，你就可以访问所有文件。
On discovering that Morrie is being weakened by a severe illness, Mitch starts visiting him at his house on Tuesdays.
基本结构
On/Upon + 动名词/名词
表示"在……时；一……就……"，强调两个动作几乎同时发生，带有"立即反应"的含义。
核心用法
表示瞬间触发
On hearing the news, she burst into tears. 一听到消息，她就哭了。
Upon arrival, all guests must register. 一到场，所有宾客必须登记。
强调因果关系
On discovering the truth, he resigned immediately. 发现真相后，他立即辞职了。
Upon receiving the email, I replied at once. 一收到邮件，我马上回复了。
正式语境替代 "when/as soon as"
On being asked for advice, the expert gave detailed suggestions.
被征求意见时，专家给出了详细建议。
使用规则
后接动名词 On realizing the mistake... 主动动作
后接被动动名词 Upon being informed... 被动动作
后接名词 On arrival... 名词需表动作
注意：
On 更口语化，Upon 更正式（常见于书面语）。
动名词的逻辑主语需与主句主语一致（避免悬垂结构）。
四、基础自测
The constant noise from construction ___________ (weaken) my ability to concentrate on work.
Her ___________ (bravery) in facing the dangerous situation inspired everyone around her.
We should concentrate ___________ the solution rather than complaining about the problem.
The old castle is ______________ (compare) to a giant sleeping on the hill in the local legend.
His ___________ (pessimistic) attitude always makes him expect the worst outcome in any situation.
The teacher used a simple ___________ (metaphor) about seeds and growth to explain the learning process.
After the accident, it took him months to ___________ (recover) his strength and return to work.
The new policy aims to reduce ___________ (widespread) poverty in rural areas.
Please ___________ (look out for) any suspicious activity while you're on night duty.
The novel give readers a deeper insight ______ the struggles of immigrants in the 19th century.
五、拓展练习
七选五
Medicine is a degree that consists of an endless number of exams, and recently I received my first year results. Waiting for those results was one of the most anxiety-generating experiences.
1._________ Failing brings judgement from others, a topic of discussion for people, and the right for others to say you are not capable. The stress associated with failing is created by others around you, rather than by the event itself.
I have recently been reading The Psychology of Money by Morgan Housel, which clarifies that failure has a strong presence among those who have achieved success. People will always focus on Warren Buffett’s success as an investor. 2._________
The process of achieving success has often involved setbacks and “failures” along the way. I received a “pass” grade on an important research paper during my master’s, which put my final grade in a dangerous situation. I was rejected from medical schools which I’d spent time and effort applying to and preparing for. 3._________ I also began studying Medicine last year.
4._________ But you should know that with each failure you are closer to success, building further layers to the foundations you started. Behind every successful person are more obstacles and setbacks, but these are not as interesting to focus on or as enviable.
The noise around you, whether it be from co-workers, friends or parents, should not shake your belief in your abilities. 5._________ Learn what you need and correct your approach until you reach your success.
Failure is your platform to success.
You are guaranteed a lifetime of success.
I was turned down by countless graduate schemes.
You may not be successful the first, second or however many times.
Upon reflection I believe that this is partly as a result of the failure itself.
Despite all of this, I ended up getting a distinction in my master’s degree.
However, rarely will they see how many times his investments have failed.
完形填空
Jenna had graduated from middle school and was ready for new 1 in high school.
2 high school was different. In the first week, Jenna tried out for a cheer-leading team. She 3 very excellent girls, and she knew it would be difficult for her to be chosen. Two hours later, the judge（裁判） 4 a list of the girls for the second try-out. Her name wasn’t on the list. Feeling 5 she walked home carrying her schoolbag full of homework.
6 home, she started with math. She had always been a good math student, but now she was 7 . She moved on to English and history, and was 8 to find that she didn’t have any trouble with those subjects. Feeling better, she decided not to 9 math for the time being.
The next day in 10 class, Jenna spent most of her time working out the problems that had given her so much 11 . By the end of class, she finally got the answers. As she gathered (收拢) her books, Jenna 12 she’d continue to try to fit in at her new school. She wasn’t sure if she’d succeed, but she knew she had to 13 . High school was just as her mom had said, "You will feel like a small fish in a big pond 14 a big fish in a small pond. The challenge is to become the 15 fish you can be."
1.A. courses B. decisions C. challenges D. exercises
2.A. So B. However C. Therefore D. Besides
3.A. fought B. connected C. beat D. encouraged
4.A. pronounced B. forgot C. saw D. heard
5.A. strange B. happy C. sad D. lonely
6.A. Arriving B. Going C. Staying D. Leaving
7.A. struggling B. improving C. working D. continuing
8.A. anxious B. disappointed C. scared D. relaxed
9.A. work with B. prepare for C. worry about D. give up
10.A. physics B. history C. English D. math
11.A. pleasure B. hope C. trouble D. courage
12.A. decided B. accepted C. refused D. felt
13.A. swim B. try C. ask D. travel
14.A. in exchange for B. in case of
C. in terms of D. instead of
15.A. thinnest B. smallest C. best D. gentlest
答案以及解析
一、
v.（使）虚弱
v.预期；预料
adj.悲观 (主义) 的
n.财产；财物
adj.反常的
adj.广泛传播的
n.承认；认可
n.鹅卵石
n.比喻
adj.令人懊恼的
n.勇敢
v.欣赏；感激
n.见解；洞悉
v.使分心
n.深思；反射
二、
被比作
在……上花时间/金钱
用……装满
占据(时间/空间)
专注于……
迷路
look out for...
make the most of...
get distracted by...
establish our own values
be based on
after all
四、
答案：weakens
解析：考查动词时态。句意：建筑工地的持续噪音削弱了我的工作专注力。主语noise是单数，且描述客观事实，用一般现在时第三人称单数形式weakens。
答案：bravery
解析：考查名词。句意：她面对危险情况的勇敢激励了周围的人。空处需要名词作主语，bravery（勇敢）符合句意。
答案：on
解析：考查动词短语。句意：我们应该专注于解决方案而不是抱怨问题。concentrate on是固定搭配。
答案：compared
解析：考查被动语态。句意：在当地传说中，这座古堡被比作山上沉睡的巨人。主语castle与compare是被动关系。
答案：pessimistic
解析：考查形容词。句意：他悲观的态度总是让他预期任何情况的最坏结果。空处需形容词修饰名词attitude，pessimistic（悲观的）符合语境。
答案：metaphor
解析：考查名词。句意：老师用了一个关于种子和生长的简单比喻来解释学习过程。不定冠词a后接单数名词，metaphor（比喻）正确。
答案：recover
解析：考查动词不定式。句意：事故后，他花了数月才恢复体力并重返工作。to后接动词原形，recover（恢复）符合句意。
答案：widespread
解析：考查形容词。句意：新政策旨在减少农村地区的普遍贫困。空处需形容词修饰名词poverty，widespread（广泛的）正确。
答案：look out for
解析：考查祈使句动词短语。句意：值夜班时请留意任何可疑活动。祈使句用动词原形，look out for（当心）是固定搭配。
答案：into
解析：考查动词短语。句意：这部小说让读者更深刻地洞察19世纪移民的挣扎。give sb. insight into是固定表达。
五、
七选五
答案：1-5 EGFDA
解析：1.根据上文“Waiting for those results was one of the most anxiety-generating experiences.”（等待这些结果是最容易产生焦虑的经历之一）和下文“Failing brings judgement from others, a topic of discussion for people, and the right for others to say you are not capable.”（失败会带来别人的评判，成为人们讨论的话题，也会让别人有权说你没有能力）可知，上文提到等待结果的过程是很让人焦虑的，原因应该是害怕会有失败的结果，下文分析了失败会带来什么样的结果。选项E“经过反思，我认为这部分是失败本身的结果”符合语境，承上启下。故选E。
2.根据上文“People will always focus on Warren Buffett’s success as an investor.”（人们将永远关注沃伦·巴菲特作为投资者的成功）推知，接下来要提出巴菲特也有投资失败的时候。选项G“然而，他们很少会看到他的投资失败了多少次”符合题意，选项中的They指代上文的People。故选G。
3.根据上文“I was rejected from medical schools which I’d spent time and effort applying to and preparing for.”（我被医学院拒绝了，我花了很多的时间和精力去申请和准备这些医学院）和下文“I also began studying Medicine last year.”（我去年还开始学习医学了）可知，上文提到作者曾经的失败经历，下文提到他成功开始学习医学，所以中间应该提到过渡：虽然以前失败，但是后来还是成功了。选项F“尽管如此，我还是获得了硕士学位”符合题意。故选F。
4.根据下文“But you should know that with each failure you are closer to success, building further layers to the foundations you started.”（但你应该知道，随着每次失败，你离成功更近了，在你开始的基础上再进一步）中的but可知空格处要和这句话构成转折。选项D“你可能第一次、第二次或无论多少次都不成功”符合题意，虽然失败了很多次，但离成功更近。故选D。
5.根据下文“Learn what you need and correct your approach until you reach your success.”（了解你需要什么，纠正你的方法，直到你取得成功）可知，这是在说明学会从失败中吸取教训就会成功。选项A“失败是你成功的平台”符合题意。故选A。
完形填空
1.答案： C
解析：根据文章的最后一句话"The challenge is to become the 15 fish you can be"可知,这里是说她为高中新的挑战做好了准备。process 过程decision决定：challenge挑战：exercise 练习。故选C。
2.答案： B
解析：根据空后的"high school was different"可知,这里表示转折关系so所以：however然而：therefore因此：besides而日。故选B。
3.答案： A
解析：根据上文中的"Jenna tied out(参加……选拔)"以及下文中的" she knew it would be difficult for her to be chosen" 可知,Jenna 要参加啦啦队队员的选拔,因为和她竞争的是非常优秀的女孩子所以她知道自己要被选中很困难,fight在此表示"竞争",符合语境;beat 表示"赢,打败"不符合语境。
4.答案： A
解析：由下文中的"a list of the girls for the second try-out"可知,裁判宣布的是参加第二轮选拔的女孩名单。故选A。
5.答案： C
解析：名单中没有她的名字,她自然是难过的。strange奇怪的;happy5.C高兴的：sad 难过的;lonely 孤独的。故选C。
6.答案： A
解析：由上文中的" she walked home" 及下文中的" she started with math'可知,此处表示到家后,故选A。
7.答案： A
解析：but是一个非常重要的信息词,前一句说她以前非常擅长数学转折之后肯定是说现在她却非常吃力。struggle挣扎：improve改进;work工作;continue 继续。故选A。
8.答案： D
解析：根据下文中的"Feeling better"可知,她做英语和历史作业没有困难,所以她应该是松了一口气。embarrassed尴尬的;disappointed失望的：shocked震惊的：relaxed放松的。故选D。
9.答案： C
解析：这里想表达她在历史和英语上进展顺利,感觉好多了,决定暂时先不担心数学。work with与…合作;prepare for准备;worry about担心;give-up放弃。故选C。
她不确定是否能够成功,但她知道她必须努力。swim游泳;try努力;ask问;leave离开。故选B。
10.答案： D
解析：根据第三段提到她数学一向很好,但她那会儿却觉得很难,以及空后的" Jenna spent most of her time working out the problems that had given her so much 11 "可知,在后来的数学课上,Jenna花费大部分时间做那些给她带来许多困难的数学题。故选D。
11.答案： C
解析：参见上题解析。pleasure快乐;hope希望;trouble困难;sadness悲伤。故选 C。
12.答案： A
解析：由上文可知,高中刚开始,她遭遇了一些困难,结合选项可知,此处表示她决定继续努力适应新学校。故选A。
13.答案：B
解析：她不确定是否能够成功,但她知道她必须努力。swim游泳;try努力;ask问;leave离开。故选B。
14.答案：D
解析：此处表示在高中上学,你会感到是小鱼到了大池塘,而不是大鱼进了小池塘。In return for作为对……的回报;in case of 假使,万一;in terms of谈及,在……方面;instead of代替，而不是……。故选 D。
15.答案：C
解析：这里表示这种挑战就是要成为你能成为的最好的鱼。thinness最瘦的;smallest最小的;best最好的;gentlest最温柔的。故选C。Unit 2 Lessons in life Developing ideas—高二英语外研版（2019）选择性必修第四册课前导学
重点单词
outstretched __________________
cram __________________
pure __________________
transparent __________________
vexed __________________
absurd __________________
lean __________________
Madame __________________
stroke __________________
instinctively __________________
despair __________________
luxury __________________
重点短语
be vexed at/with sb./sth. __________________
be reluctant to do sth. __________________
burst out doing sth. __________________
vote for... __________________
由……组成 __________________
挤满…… __________________
一群…… __________________
重难知识点
Here are the Happiness of the Blue Sky, who, of course, is dressed in blue, and the Happiness of the Forest: you will see him every time you go to the window...
every time 可以引导时间状语从句，表示"每次/每当……的时候"，强调一种规律性或习惯性的动作。其用法和功能与 when/whenever 类似，但更突出重复性。
基本结构
Every time + 从句（主语 + 谓语），主句
从句：描述一个重复发生的动作或事件（时态通常用一般现在时或一般过去时）。
主句：描述随之发生的另一动作（时态需与从句逻辑一致）。
例句：
Every time I see her, she is smiling. 每次我见到她，她都在微笑。
(二) 时态规则
(1) 一般现在时：表示现在或永恒的规律。
Every time it rains, the roof leaks. 每次下雨，屋顶都会漏水。
一般过去时：表示过去的习惯。
Every time we met, we argued. 每次我们见面，都会吵架。
注意：
主从句时态通常保持一致，但可根据语境调整（如主句用将来时）：
Every time you practice, your skills will improve. 每次你练习，你的技能都会提高。
(三) 特殊用法
可替换为"each time"（语气更正式）：
Each time I read this book, I discover something new. 每次我读这本书，都会有新的发现。
省略主从句主语（需上下文明确）：
Every time (I) see her, (I) feel happy. 每次（我）看见她，（我）都感觉很高兴。
四、基础自测
While nobody was looking,she squashed her school hat and __________ (挤) it into a wastebasket.
Eileen __________ (倚) across and opened the passenger door.
He wished to earn a living through writing but __________ (绝望) of doing so.
The boy ran towards his mother with his arms __________ (张开的，伸开的).
Ministers have begun work on the __________ (恼火的) issue of economic union.
The curtains are for __________ (pure) decorative purposes and cannot open or close.
The manager knew __________ (instinctive) that something was wrong with the project.
Nodding his thanks to her,he ate the most __________ (luxury) meal he had ever had in his life.
Wedding rings are intended to be __________ (symbol) of love and commitment.
Her __________ (reluctant) to talk to the press was quite understandable.
五、拓展练习
阅读理解
When you’re bored, do you start scanning through short videos That might not ease your boredom. According to a recent study, switching between videos or fast-forwarding through them can bore you even more.
Boredom is an uncomfortable emotion which can develop when a situation lacks newness or meaning. But it serves a purpose. Boredom signals that there is something more pleasurable to do. This can motivate people to explore their environment and stop investing time in an activity that has little to offer.
Katy Y. Y. Tam, from the University of Toronto Scarborough in Canada, is a scientist and psychologist. In 2021, Tam developed a theory called the “Boredom Feedback Model”, stating that boredom happens when your attention shifts from one thing to another. This type of boredom can happen when people start watching one online video, then, fast-forward or skip to the next one.
Tam ran experiments with more than 1,200 people, and showed that people switched to new videos when they were bored. These people believed switching videos would make them less bored. But the result was just the opposite.
In one experiment, people watched a single video for 10 minutes. Next, scientists asked them to watch seven shorter videos, with the ability to skip to the next. On average, people skipped eight times. When skipping around, people reported feeling more bored, less satisfied, and less engaged than when they fully watched a single video.
Growing evidence shows that boredom is on the rise. Bored people often turn to their phones, but report being more bored. Psychology professor Michael Inzlicht, who worked on the study with Tam, said he had been fascinated by rising boredom in recent years. He thought it could be due to a lack of concentration. “When you’re absorbed, you don’t feel bored. When your attention is spread, you’re almost by definition not satisfied,” Inzlicht said.
1.What is paragraph 2 mainly about
A. Signals of boredom. B. A positive aspect of boredom.
C. The purpose of the experiments. D. Motivations of the experiments.
2.According to the “Boredom Feedback Model”, what causes boredom
A. Mind-engaging tasks. B. Changing focus constantly.
C. Watching online videos. D. Time-consuming activities.
3.What would people generally expect when skipping videos
A. Boredom would be killed. B. Self-satisfaction would be achieved.
C. Attention would be enhanced. D. More information would be obtained.
4.According to Michael Inzlicht, which of the following behavior would help avoid boredom
A. Limiting the time of screen use.
B. Aimlessly adopting different activities.
C. Engaging in attention-demanding tasks.
D. Frequently shifting learning subjects in a short time.
七选五
Soothe the Sunday scaries
Most of us look forward to the weekend as a time to relax, connect with friends and family, and deal with tasks from a to-do list that gets neglected during the workweek. But as the weekend comes to an end, many are missing out on Sunday Funday and instead experiencing an overwhelming sense of anxiety and even dread about the upcoming week. 1._________ Some people describe it as a heaviness they can feel in their body, while others feel so unsettled that they could jump out of their skin.
Even though the Sunday scaries are common, they are manageable. Here’s how experts say you can ease your end-of-weekend anxiety.
Structure your Sunday. 2._________ You might still go through that sense of dread, but that feeling is harder to hold on to when you’ re engaging in something that makes you feel good.
Don’t forget to relax. If you’re feeling more stress, it’s important to make space for relaxing activities to ground yourself. Maybe a mid-afternoon shower or bath, maybe an engaging movie or show, whatever feels like a helpful distraction to reground from the scaries.
Identify your anxiety sources. Try to figure out what’s really causing you to dread the week. 3._________ Even if there’s not a single reason behind your Sunday anxiety, organizing the stress into small parts can help make it all more manageable.
4._________ Getting rid of the Sunday scaries isn’t just about minimizing the gloom of the week ahead. Have something to look forward to. This gives you the opportunity to shift your thoughts to fun and will help improve your mood.
End your Sunday with the right energy. Sunday night is a proper wind-down time. Maybe you want to journal, do a face mask, read a few pages of a good book. Do your best to honor this time and make Sunday night all about you. 5._________
A. Is it a deadline, meeting or presentation
B. Create some excitement for the week ahead.
C. Experts have referred to this worry as Sunday scaries.
D. Sunday scaries come from tiredness after a really busy weekend.
E. Then you feel empowered and confident that you’ll be ready for the next day.
F. Instead of sitting on the couch and watching the clock, go to do something that you enjoy.
G. Anxiety is a natural response that happens in preparation for anything that causes pain or discomfort.
答案以及解析
一、
adj. 张开的，伸开的
v. 挤满
adj. 纯净的，洁净的
adj. 透明的
adj. 恼火的
adj. 荒唐的，愚蠢的
v. 倚，靠
n. 夫人，太太，女士
v. 轻抚，抚摸
adv. 本能地
n. 绝望
n. 奢华，奢侈
二、
对……恼火/烦恼
不愿意做某事
突然做某事
投票支持
be composed of
be crammed with
a troop of...
四、
答案：crammed
答案：leaned
答案：despaired
答案：outstretched
答案：vexed
答案：purity
答案：instinctively
答案：luxurious
答案：symbolic
答案：reluctance
五、
阅读理解
1.答案：B
解析：主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“Boredom signals that there is something more pleasurable to do. This can motivate people to explore their environment and stop investing time in an activity that has little to offer.(无聊意味着有更令人愉快的事情要做。这可以激励人们去探索周围的环境，而不再把时间花在没有什么价值的活动上。)”可知，第二段的主要内容是关于无聊的积极方面。故选B项。
2.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据文章第三段“In 2021, Tam developed a theory called the “Boredom Feedback Model”, stating that boredom happens when your attention shifts from one thing to another.(2021年，Tam提出了一个名为“无聊反馈模型”的理论，指出当你的注意力从一件事转移到另一件事时，无聊就会发生。)”可知，根据“无聊反馈模型”,是不断改变焦点导致了无聊。故选B项。
3.答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Tam ran experiments with more than 1,200 people, and showed that people switched to new videos when they were bored. These people believed switching videos would make them less bored. But the result was just the opposite.(Tam对1200多人进行了实验，结果表明，当人们感到无聊时，他们会切换到新的视频。这些人认为切换视频会让他们不那么无聊。但结果却恰恰相反。)”可知，跳过视频时，人们通常会期待无聊会被消灭。故选A项。
4.答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“When you’re absorbed, you don’t feel bored. When your attention is spread, you’re almost by definition not satisfied (当你全神贯注时，你不会感到无聊。当你的注意力分散时，你几乎是不满意的)”可知，根据Michael Inzlicht的说法，参与需要注意力的任务的行为有助于避免无聊。故选C项。
七选五
答案：1-5 CFABE
解析：1.上文“But as the weekend comes to an end, many are missing out on Sunday Fun day and instead experiencing an overwhelming sense of anxiety and even dread about the upcoming week."
(但随着周末的结束，许多人错过了周日的欢乐日，取而代之的是对即将到来的一周感到压倒性的焦虑甚至恐惧)陈述随着周末的结束，对即将到来的一周感到压倒性的焦虑。C项Experts have referred to this worry as Sunday scaries.(专家称这种担忧为“周日恐慌”)符合语境，是对上文现象的定义。故选C项。
2.下文“You might still go through that sense of dread, but that feeling is harder to hold on to when you're engaging in something that makes you feel good."(你可能仍然会经历那种恐惧感，但是当你从事让你感觉良好的事情时，这种感觉很难坚持下去)陈述做一些让你感到良好的事情。F项Instead of sitting on the couch and watching the clock, go to do something that you enjoy.(与其坐在沙发上看时间，不如去做一些你喜欢的事情)符合语境，与下文承接自然。故选F项。
3.根据上文“Try to figure out what's really causing you to dread the week.”(试着找出真正让你害怕这一周的原因)可推知，空格处内容为相关的原因。A项Is it a deadline, meeting or presentation (是截止日期、会议还是报告 )符合此推断，上下文语意连贯。故选A项。
4.由该题为段落小标题。该段下文“Getting rid of the Sunday scaries isn’t just about minimizing the gloom of the week ahead. Have something to look forward to. This gives you the opportunity to shift your thoughts to fun and will help improve your mood."(摆脱周日的恐惧不仅仅是将未来一周的阴霾最小化。有一些期待。这让你有机会把你的想法转移到有趣的事情上，并有助于改善你的情绪)陈述对接下来的一周保持一些期待。B项Create some excitement for the week ahead.(为接下来的一周创造一些刺激)可作为本段小标题，开启下文。故选B项。
5. 空处位于段末，应承接上文。根据上文“Do your best to honor this time and make Sunday night all about you."(尽你最大的努力来纪念这段时光，让周日晚上完完全全属于你)推知，空处陈述这样做的好处。E项Then you feel empowered and confident that you'll be ready for the next day. (然后你会觉得自己被赋予了力量，并且自信满满地为第二天做好了准备)符合语境。故选E项。

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