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Unit 4 Everyday economics Using language—高二英语外研版（2019）选择性必修第四册课前导学
重点单词
conventional __________________
discriminate __________________
superior __________________
mild __________________
interfere __________________
exceed __________________
financial __________________
accumulate __________________
automatically __________________
creditworthy __________________
equator __________________
estate __________________
calorie __________________
subjective __________________
freshman __________________
afloat __________________
rational __________________
installment __________________
overdraw __________________
deposit __________________
重点短语
discriminate against __________________
at a lower cost __________________
without delay __________________
pay a deposit __________________
负债 __________________
妨碍，阻止 __________________
出乎意料 __________________
蓄势待发 __________________
重难知识点
定语从句：
定义
1. 定语从句：在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句，叫定语从句，它相当于形容词，分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
2. 先行词：所修饰的名词或代词。
3. 关系词：①连接先行词和定语从句②代替先行词③在定语从句中充当某个成分
关系词分为关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词： which, that, who, whom,whose, as
关系副词： when, where, why
限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别
限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句
逗号 没逗号 有逗号
先行词 人、物 人、物、事
作用 限制先行词，不可省 补充作用，可省
关系词 可以是所有关系词，作宾语可省 不能用 that 和 why，都不能省
翻译 通常翻译为定语 通常翻译为并列的句子
关系代词
关系代词 先行词 在从句中所充当的成分 省略情况
that 人/物 主语、宾语、表语 作宾语时可省略
which 物/事 主语、宾语 作宾语时可省略
who 人 主语、宾语 作宾语时可省略
whom 人 宾语 可省略
whose 人/物 定语 不可省略
as 人/物/事 主语、宾语 不可省略
注意：
关系代词：1. which 和 as 引导非限制定语从句的区别
which as
位置 句中、句末 句首、句中、句末
所作成分 主语、宾语 主语、宾语
意思 这一点，这件事 正如
指代 物/事 事
是否可省 不可省 不可省
2. whose+n.的变形
whose+n.= of which/whom+the n.=the n.+of which/whom
I live in the house whose windows face north.
live in the house of which the windows face north.
I live in the house the windows of which face north.
我住在那所窗户朝北的房子里。
“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
Mr. Green is the person (that/who/whom) I work with.
=Mr. Green is the person with whom I work.
格林先生是和我一起工作的人。
I lost the book that/which I had spent much money on.
=I lost the book on which I had spent much money.
我把那本花了很多钱买的书弄丢了。
that 和 which 的区别
只用 that 的情况 先行词是 all，everything，anything，nothing，something，little， much，none，few，the one 等不定代词时。
先行词被 all, any, few, every, no, little, much, some 等词修饰时。
先行词被 the only, the very （正是、恰是）, the last 等修饰时。
先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰或先行词本身是序数词时
先行词中既有人也有物时
定语从句中缺少表语时
There be 句型中
只用 which的情况 引导非限制性定语从句时
关系代词前有介词时
that 和 who 的区别
只用 who 的情况 先行词为 one, anyone, someone, all, those 等不定代词且指人时
先行词为人称代词时
there be 句型中
只用 that 的情况 先行词被 the only, the very （正是、恰是）, the last 等修饰时
先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰或先行词本身是序数词时
关系代词要避免重复 (who,that,which)
Who is the person that is standing over there 站在那边的那个人是谁？
That’s my teacher who comes from England. 那是我的老师，他来自英国。
定语从句的主谓一致
定语从句中的谓语动词应与先行词在数和人称方面保持一致。
Those people who are hard-working deserve to succeed.
那些努力工作的人值得取得成功。
四、基础自测
We should not ______ (discriminate) against anyone based on their race or gender.
With the development of technology, machines can work ______ (automatically).
As a ______ (freshman), he is trying to adapt to the new school life.
It's important to be ______ (rational) when making decisions.
His performance in the exam ______ (exceed) our expectations.
They decided to ______ (book a hotel) near the tourist attraction in advance.
______ (To start with), we need to clarify our goals.
People are ______ (prohibited from) smoking in public places.
She managed to ______ (make ends meet) despite the low income.
Regular saving can help you ______ (accumulate) money for future use.
五、拓展练习
阅读理解
As a boy, I watched spacecraft launches, and when looking up at all the stars in the night sky, I wondered whether I could go to space. I wish I could tell that boy that his dreams would come true and that he would grow up to pilot spaceships.
When I first arrived in space, I travelled eight and a half minutes on an extremely wild ride on a rocket ship. However, it was short enough that it was more like driving a car at maximum performance on a very rough (颠簸的) road. As soon as I got to weightlessness my body was in a completely different environment, which brought about throwing-up and exhaustion. Travel sickness medicine helped my body adapt to it.
It's extremely mind-expanding to get the true reality of our world from space, from glancing at the entire length of the Himalayas to seeing the wildfires of Australia. And perhaps the most impactful is to see something rare. One dawn, I looked down the world with my camera trying to steal every moment I could. It was just the right angle between the sun behind the horizon and the right rare collection of ice crystals (冰晶), high in the atmosphere. There was an unearthly light, almost like a surreal rainbow. I felt like the world had just shown me a secret.
One night, I saw a shooting star, an enormous, random (随机的) rock from the universe trapped by the Earth's gravity. You can't help but think that rock just went by us. It did make my blood run cold when I thought it could have just as easily come through our spaceship and made a significant hole, which probably would have killed all of us. I know how to repair holes in the ship, but if the chance event is large enough, you're dead. It is dangerous, risk-filled, but fascinatingly beautiful and rewarding.
1.What can we learn about the author in paragraph 1
A. He was fond of travelling. B. He longed to be an astronaut.
C. He had an enquiring mind. D. He desired to own a spaceship.
2.What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 2 refer to
A. The long space journey. B. The poor car performance.
C. The sudden speed change. D. The weightless environment.
3.What impressed the author most when he saw the earth from space
A. The hard-to-see light. B. The shiny ice crystals.
C. The dream-like rainbow. D. The accidental wildfires.
4.Which word best describes the author according to the text
A. Adventurous. B. Hardworking. C. Innovative. D. Responsible.
七选五
Being caring allows you to live a life based on love. If you want to know how to be more caring, see the following steps to get started.
1._____ One way to be caring is to put more effort into learning about how other people are doing. When you talk to someone, ask him or her about his or her physical condition, vacations or pets. Trying to ask the little questions can add up to showing that you do care. 2._____
Help people in need. You can't be a caring person if you're only out to help yourself. Helping other people means helping both the friends and family members who need help, and the less fortunate people in your community, or even people you may not know that well who need assistance. 3._____
Apologize when you need to. 4._____ Therefore, they are quick to apologize when they've done something wrong. They are comfortable admitting they're not perfect. If you know you've hurt somebody, then you have to swallow your pride and say sorry to show that you're aware of how your actions impact others. Doing this shows that you really care, because you think about how others are feeling.
Keep track of people. Let people know that you're thinking about them even when you're not together. To do this, whether sending a text message after your best friend's exam, or calling your cousin on her birthday is necessary. 5._____ . Though it's unrealistic to talk to friends every day, contacting at least one friend a week will make a big difference.
A. Ask people about their lives.
B. Remember the details about people's lives.
C. Sending cards also gets the message across.
D. Caring people spend time doing favors for other people.
E. Caring people care about how their actions affect other people.
F. Do not just ask out of duty, but because you genuinely want to care.
G. Keep an eye out for those in need and find a productive way to get involved.
答案以及解析
一、
adj. 传统的
v. 对待，歧视
adj. 优质的
adj. 不浓烈的
v. 介入；干涉
v. 超过，超出
adj. 财政的
v. 积累，积聚
adv. 自动地
adj. 信用可靠的
n. 赤道
n. 庄园
n. 卡路里
adj. 主观的
n. （高中或大学的）一年级新生
adj.不欠债的
adj. 合理的
n. 分期付款
n. 透支
n. 订金；押金
二、
歧视……
以较低的成本
毫不拖延；立即
付押金
go into debt
interfere with
exceed expectations
accumulate strength for a take-off
四、
答案：discriminate
解析：should not 后接动词原形，构成情态动词的否定结构。discriminate against 是固定短语，意为“歧视”，此句表达 “我们不应该基于种族或性别歧视任何人” 。
答案：automatically
解析：work 是动词，需用副词来修饰。automatically 意为 “自动地”，表示机器在技术发展下能自动运转，符合语境。
答案：freshman
解析：不定冠词 a 后接可数名词单数。freshman 指 “大学一年级新生”，根据后文 “适应新的学校生活” 可知这里填 freshman 合适。
答案：rational
解析：be 动词后接形容词作表语。rational 意为 “合理的”，表示做决定时保持理性很重要。
答案：exceeded
解析：此句描述过去发生的事情，要用一般过去时。exceed 意为 “超过”，其过去式为 exceeded，即 “他考试的表现超出了我们的预期” 。
答案：book a hotel
解析：decide to do sth. 为固定用法，to 后接动词原形。book a hotel 表示 “预定旅馆”，符合句子语境 “他们决定提前在旅游景点附近预定旅馆” 。
答案：To start with
解析：to start with 是固定短语，意为 “首先，起初”，在句中作状语，表明做事的先后顺序，即 “首先，我们需要明确我们的目标” 。
答案：prohibited from
解析：be prohibited from doing sth. 是固定搭配，意为 “被禁止做某事”，此句表示 “人们被禁止在公共场所吸烟” 。
答案：make ends meet
解析：manage to do sth. 表示 “设法做成某事”，to 后接动词原形。make ends meet 意为 “使收支相抵”，描述尽管收入低，但她还是设法维持收支平衡。
答案：accumulate
解析：help sb. do sth. 是常见结构，意为 “帮助某人做某事”，这里用动词原形 accumulate，“定期储蓄能帮助你积累资金以备将来使用” 。
五、
阅读理解
1.答案： B
解析：细节理解题。根据文章第一段“As a boy, I watched spacecraft launches, and when looking up at all the stars in the night sky, I wondered whether I could go to space. I wish I could tell that boy that his dreams would come true and that he would grow up to pilot spaceships.(当我还是个孩子的时候，我看着宇宙飞船发射，当我仰望夜空中所有的星星时，我想知道我是否可以去太空。我希望我能告诉那个男孩，他的梦想会实现，他长大后会驾驶宇宙飞船)”可知，作者渴望成为一名宇航员。故选B。
2.答案： D
解析：词句猜测题。根据第二段“However, it was short enough that it was more like driving a car at maximum performance on a very rough (颠簸的) road. As soon as I got to weightlessness my body was in a completely different environment, which brought about throwing-up and exhaustion.(然而，它足够短，以至于更像是在一条非常颠簸的道路上以最高性能驾驶汽车。 一到失重状态，我的身体就处于一个完全不同的环境中，这带来了呕吐和疲惫。）”可知，晕车药帮助我的身体适应了失重环境。“it” 指的是“失重环境”，失重让作者产生了晕车和疲惫。故选D。
3.答案： A
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段“And perhaps the most impactful is to see something rare. …There was an unearthly light, almost like a surreal rainbow.(也许最有影响力的是看到一些稀有的东西。……有一种很罕见的光，就像超现实的彩虹)”可知，作者在太空中看到地球时，给他留下最深刻印象的是难得一见的光。故选A。
4.答案： A
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段“It is dangerous, risk-filled, but fascinatingly beautiful and rewarding. (它是危险的、充满风险的，但令人着迷、美丽而有回报的)”可知，作者在描述太空体验时认为尽管很危险，但却充满魅力和回报，可推断作者是一个喜欢冒险的人。故选A。
七选五
答案：1-5 AFGEC
解析：1.题意：关心他人的一种方式是更多地了解他人的情况。解析：A选项“Ask people about their lives.”（询问人们的生活） 符合题意，因为关心他人需要了解他们的生活情况。
2.题意：尝试问一些小问题可以显示出你在关心。解析：F选项“Do not just ask out of duty, but because you genuinely want to care. （不要只是出于责任而问，而是因为你真的想关心）”符合题意，因为关心他人需要真诚地询问。
3.题意：帮助有需要的人。解析：G选项“Keep an eye out for those in need and find a productive way to get involved. （留意那些有需要的人，并找到一个有效的方式参与）”符合题意，因为关心他人需要帮助有需要的人。
4.题意：当你需要道歉时，要道歉。解析：E选项 “Caring people care about how their actions affect other people. （关心他人的人关心他们的行为如何影响他人）”符合题意，因为关心他人需要对自己的行为负责。
5.题意：让人们知道即使你们不在一起，你也在想着他们。解析：C选项“Sending cards also gets the message across.（发送卡片也能传达信息） ”符合题意，因为关心他人需要通过发送卡片来表达关心。Unit 4 Everyday economics Understanding Ideas—高二英语外研版（2019）选择性必修第四册课前导学
重点单词
blank __________________
dizzy __________________
sunrise __________________
potential __________________
phase __________________
purchase __________________
bonus __________________
guidance __________________
consultant __________________
enterprising __________________
obstacle __________________
ceramics __________________
cosmetics __________________
forehead __________________
entrepreneurial __________________
重点短语
exchange for __________________
in the shape of __________________
take a deep breath __________________
at the initial phase __________________
the pros and cons __________________
一排排
做某事的障碍
重难知识点
They stared back, their blank faces giving no clue as to what they would say next.
独立主格结构：
独立主格结构是一种带有自己逻辑主语的非谓语动词分句或无动词分句，语法上独立于主句，但在语义上与主句相关，通常在句中作状语和定语。独立主格结构可位于句首、句尾，用逗
号和主句隔开。独立主格结可扩展为状语从句。
（一） 基本形式
名词普通格或代词主格+不定式/现在分词/过去分词/名词/形容词/副词/介词短语
（二）独立主格结构的种类
①不定式作独立主格结构　　　
动词不定式与前面的名词或代词存在逻辑上的主谓关系，通常表示未发生的动作。这种结构也可改为一个从句或并列分句。
1.动词不定式用主动的形式。
We divided the work, he to clean the windows and I to sweep the floor.
我们进行了分工，他擦窗户，我扫地。
2.动词不定式用被动的形式。
Many trees, flowers, and grass to be planted, our newly-built school will look even more beautiful. 种上许多的树，花和草后，我们新建的学校将看上去更美。
=If many trees, flowers, and grass are planted,our newly-built school will look even more beautiful.
② -ing形式作独立主格结构
在独立主格结构中，动词的-ing形式与其逻辑主语一致，而逻辑主语与主句主语不一致。
表示时间的-ing形式作“独立主格结构”
He seating himself at the desk, his mother began to tell him a story.
他在书桌旁坐好后，他母亲开始给他讲故事。
（seating himself at the desk有自己的逻辑主语he）
表示原因的-ing形式作“独立主格结构”
Many eyes watching him, he felt a bit nervous.
许多眼睛看着他，他感到有点儿紧张。
（=As many eyes were watching him）
注意：
含有being的独立主格结构。
It being National Day today，the streets are very crowded. 今天是国庆节,街上很拥挤。
= As it is National Day today, the streets are very crowded.
表示条件的-ing形式作“独立主格结构”
Time permitting, we will have a picnic next week.
时间允许的话，我们下星期将进行一次野炊。
（相当于一个条件状语从句If time permits)
表示方式的-ing形式作“独立主格结构”
The students are walking in the school happily, each wearing a card in front of his chest.
学生们快乐地在学校里走着，每个人胸前都戴着一张卡。
（相当于一个并列分句and each wears a card in front of his chest）
③ -ed形式作独立主格结构
与-ing形式独立主格结构类似，-ed形式独立主格结构的逻辑主语也与主句主语不一致。
The key to the bike lost, he had to walk to school. 由于丢了自行车钥匙，他只好步行去学校。
（lost 的逻辑主语是the key，lost 也可以用完成时having been lost）
= Because the key to the bike had been lost, he had to walk to school.
比较：
动词不定式表示动作没有发生或即将发生，动词-ing形式往往表示动作正在进行。动词-ed形式表示动作已经结束。
The manager looks worried, many things to settle.
经理看上去很着急, 有这么多的事情要处理。
（事情还没有处理，而且是由经理本人来处理，用不定式主动形式to settle）
The manager looks relaxed, many things settled.
许多事情已经处理好了， 经理看上去很轻松。
（事情已经处理好了，用动词-ed形式settled表示动作已经结束）
The food being cooked, the boy was watching TV.
小孩一边做饭，一边看电视。（两个动作同时进行）
The food cooked, the boy went to bed.
饭做好了，小孩去睡了。（两个动作有先后，饭已做好，小孩才去睡觉的）。
四、基础自测
We are in the initial ______ (phase) of the project and need to plan carefully.
The ______ (potential) of this new technology is huge.
I decided to ______ (purchase) a new laptop for my work.
She received a big ______ (bonus) for her excellent performance this year.
The ______ (distribution) of goods across the country is a complex process.
The ______ (enterprising) young man started his own business last year.
She felt ______ (dizzy) after standing up too quickly.
We should seek ______ (guidance) from our teachers when facing difficulties.
The ______ (bug) for traveling hit her after she saw the beautiful photos.
His lack of experience became an ________ (obstacle) to getting the job.
五、拓展练习
完形填空
After ten years of work, I determined to go beyond a nine-to-five job. Scanning advertisements, I learned a financial company was to 1 more consultants. With great excitement, I made an appointment with a branch president. That day, it went so well that I was 2 he would hire me on the spot. 3 , he told me to come back for 12 more 4 with his top salespeople!
Over the next five months, every one of them kept telling me, “You are better off in a safe nine-to-five job.” “Eighty percent of newcomers 5 within their first year.” The more they attacked my dream, the more I believed I would have to “fake it till I make it”.
6 , the last interview with the president came. “You’ve got the job!” he announced, and then added, “On one 7 that you must resign your current job, participate in our training and take a(an) 8 . It’s 250 questions long and you must pass it without one point lost on the first 9 !”
I nearly choked at the prospect of taking a huge step of faith into the 10 . However, attracted by this great risk and with the 11 I had never had, I said, “I’ll take it.” When the scores were displayed, I let out a loud sigh of 12 .
My experience 13 the truth of Thoreau’s words: If one advances 14 in the direction of his dreams and 15 to live the life which he had imagined, he will meet success unexpected in common hours.
1.A. instruct B. employ C. identify D. support
2.A. skeptical B. glad C. nervous D. positive
3.A. Thus B. Moreover C. Instead D. Then
4.A. discussions B. celebrations C. bargains D. interviews
5.A. fail B. insist C. hesitate D. progress
6.A. Gradually B. Eventually C. Surprisingly D. Interestingly
7.A. operation B. condition C. position D. occasion
8.A. exam B. path C. break D. approach
9.A. choice B. page C. day D. try
10.A. unfit B. unnecessary C. unknown D. unpleasant
11.A. joy B. patience C. courage D. fortune
12.A. belief B. relief C. sorrow D. regret
13.A. recognized B. tested C. dismissed D. confirmed
14.A. confidently B. freely C. randomly D. lonely
15.A. threatens B. agrees C. attempts D. promises
短文填空
Learning how to choose a career is important not only to adults but also to students at college. People decide to have their careers 1._____(change) simply because they dislike the job they 2._____ (current) have. They take on the jobs not because they like them but because they need to make a living. In this case, 3._____ (get) career guidance is very important. The first step in choosing a career 4._____ (be) understanding yourself. This will help you realize what you enjoy doing.
The best way to do this is to take a personality test, 5._____ it is available on the Internet for free. It is also important to understand your values and know what you are willing to do. Next, visit career guidance centers or career 6._____ (website). If possible, apply for a volunteer that benefits you. You can get professional help and decide whether the career path is 7._____ (suit) for you or not. Finally, you should learn universal (广泛适用的) skills, 8._____ will help you get opportunities to change your career in the future. All in all, choosing a career is important because most of the time in our lives 9._____ (spend) on work.
Therefore, putting interests and hobbies into careers can always lead 10._____ the best jobs.
答案以及解析
一、
adj. 无表情的
adj. 头晕目眩的
n. 日出；黎明
n. 潜力；可能性
n. 阶段；射热
v. 购买
n. 奖金；红利
n. 指导，引导
n. 顾问
adj. 有事业心的
n. 障碍，阻碍
n. 制造商
n. 化妆品
n. 前额
adj. 创业的
二、
用……交换/兑换
以……形式，呈……形状
深吸一口气
在初始阶段
利与弊
row upon row
an obstacle to doing sth.
四、
答案：phase
解析：考查名词。空前有形容词 initial 修饰，空处应填名词。in the initial phase 表示 “在初始阶段”，是固定搭配，故填 phase。
答案：potential
解析：考查名词。定冠词 The 后接名词，此句表示 “这项新技术的潜力是巨大的”，空处用名词 potential 作主语，故填 potential。
答案：purchase
解析：考查非谓语动词。decide to do sth. 是固定用法，意为 “决定做某事”，to 后接动词原形，所以填 purchase。
答案：bonus
解析：考查名词。不定冠词 a 后接可数名词单数，根据语境 “因为她今年出色的表现，她收到了一笔丰厚的……”，可知这里应填名词 bonus “奖金”，故填 bonus。
答案：distribution
解析：考查名词。定冠词 The 后接名词，这里表示 “货物在全国的分销”，空处用名词 distribution 作主语，故填 distribution。
答案：enterprising
解析：考查形容词。名词短语 young man 前需要形容词修饰，enterprising 意为 “有事业心的”，用来描述这个年轻人的特质，故填 enterprising。
答案：dizzy
解析：考查形容词。feel 是系动词，后接形容词作表语，根据 “在快速站起来后” 可知她感到头晕，故填 dizzy。
答案：guidance
解析：考查名词。seek 是及物动词，后接名词作宾语，seek guidance from sb. 表示 “向某人寻求指导”，是固定短语，故填 guidance。
答案：bug
解析：考查名词。定冠词 The 后接名词，根据语境 “在她看到那些漂亮的照片后，对旅行的…… 降临到她身上”，可知这里用 bug 表示 “突然的兴趣”，故填 bug。
答案：obstacle
解析：考查名词。不定冠词 an 后接可数名词单数，根据 “他缺乏经验成为了获得这份工作的……”可知空处应填 obstacle “障碍”，故填 obstacle。
五、
完形填空
1.答案： B
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：在浏览广告时，我了解到一家金融公司正在招聘更多的顾问。A. instruct指导，说明；B. employ雇佣；C. identify认出，识别；D. support支持。根据前文“After ten years of work, I determined to go beyond a nine-to-five job.”作者没决定辞去朝九晚五的工作，作者去应聘工作；所以应该是了解到金融公司“招聘”更多的顾问。故选B。
2.答案： D
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：那天，一切进展顺利，我确信他会当场雇用我。相反，他告诉我再回来参加他的12次顶级销售人员的面试。A. skeptical怀疑的；B. glad愉快的，高兴的；C. nervous紧张的；D. positive积极的，确定的。根据前文“it went so well ”可知，作者确定他当场会雇用作者。故选D。
3.答案： C
解析：考查副词词义辨析。句意：相反，他告诉我再回来参加他的12次顶级销售人员的面试。A. Thus因此；B. Moreover此外；C. Instead相反；D. Then然后。根据后文“he told me to come back for 12____ more interviews with his top salespeople!”可知，此处与前文构成转折关系。故选C。
4.答案： D
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：相反，他让我再去参加他的12次顶级销售人员的面试。A. discussions讨论；B. celebration庆祝；C. bargains交易；D. interviews面试，采访。由下文“_____ , the last interview with the president came.”可知，总裁告诉作者回来再去参加12次他的顶级销售面试，所以此处指的是面试，故选D。
5.答案： A
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：80%的新人在第一年就失败了。A. fail失败；B. insist坚持；C. hesitate犹豫；D. progress进步。由下文“they attacked my dream,”可知，人们一直打击作者，所以此处指人们说80%的新人在第一年就失败了，是为了打击作者，故选A。
6.答案： B
解析：考查副词词义辨析。句意：最后，总裁的最后一次面试来了。A. Gradually逐渐地；B. Eventually最终；C. Surprisingly 惊奇地；D. Interestingly有趣地。根据下文“the last interview with the president came.”最后一次总裁面试，所以此处指的是“最终”，总统来面试了。故选B。
7.答案： B
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：“你得到这份工作了!”他宣布，然后又说，“但有一个条件，你必须辞去现在的工作，参加我们的培训，并参加考试。”A. operation手术；B. condition条件；C. position位置；D. occasion场合。根据“you must resign, participate in our training and take an exam.”可知，面试官提供给作者该工作是有条件的。故选B。
8.答案： A
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：“你得到这份工作了!”他宣布，然后又说，“但有一个条件，你必须辞去现在的工作，参加我们的培训，并参加考试。”A.exam考试；B.path小路；C.break休息；D.approach方法。根据下文“It’s 250 questions long and you must pass it without one point lost on the first_____!”有250道题，你必须在第一次答题时，不丢一分；以及常识可知，参加培训后一般需要考试。故选A。
9.答案： D
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是250道题，你必须在第一次做题时，不失一分，通过考试。A. choice选择；B. page页码；C. day天；D. try尝试，努力。根据上文“without one point lost ”可知，此处强调面试官要求或者在第一次的尝试中不丢掉一分。故选D。
10.答案： C
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一想到要在信仰上向未知领域迈出一大步，我几乎要窒息了。A. unfit 不合适的；B. unnecessary不必要的；C. unknown未知的；D. unpleasant不高兴的。根据下文“However, attracted by this great risk and with the ______ I had never had, I said, ‘I’ll take it.’ ”这个巨大的冒险和从未有过的勇气吸引了作者，可知，是需要向未知领域迈出一大步。故选C。
11.答案： C
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，被这个巨大的风险所吸引，带着从未有过的勇气，我说:“我接受它。”A. joy开心；B. patience耐心；C. courage勇气；D. fortune好运，财富。根据前文“It’s 250 questions long and you must pass it without one point lost”可知，面试官要求作者第一次通过并且不丢掉一分，这是一次冒险，需要勇气去接受。故选C。
12.答案： B
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：当分数显示出来时，我松了一口气。A. belief信念；B. relief宽慰；C . sorrow悲伤；D. regret后悔。根据“let out a loud sigh”可知，作者顺利通过开始，故松了一口气。故选B。
13.答案： D
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的经历证实了梭罗的话是正确的：如果一个人朝着梦想的目标自信地走下去，努力按照想象中的方式去生活，那么他将在平常的时刻获得意想不到的成功。A. recognized认出；B. tested测试；C. dismiss解雇；D. confirmed证实。根据作者的求职经历，即认定目标，努力付出，最终取得成功，以及结合名言可知，作者的这次经历印证了梭罗的名言，故选D。
14.答案： A
解析：考查副词词义辨析。句意：我的经历证实了梭罗的话是正确的：如果一个人朝着梦想的目标自信地走下去，努力按照想象中的方式去生活，那么他将在平常的时刻获得意想不到的成功。A. confidently自信地；B. freely自由地；C. randomly随便地；D. lonely孤独的。结合作者的经历可知，作者一直勇敢自信地前行，历经困难，最终成功，所以此处表达自信地朝着梦想的方向前进，故选A。
15.答案： C
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的经历证实了梭罗的话是正确的：如果一个人朝着梦想的目标自信地走下去，努力按照想象中的方式去生活，那么他将在平常的时刻获得意想不到的成功。A. threatens威胁；B. agrees同意；C. attempts努力；试图；D. promises承诺。根据作者的求职经历可知，作者认定目标，努力付出，最终通过面试，获得工作。且由梭罗的话“to live the life which he had imagined”可知，此处指努力朝着想象的方式去生活，故选C。
短文填空
答案：changed； currently；getting/ to get；is；and；websites；suitable；which；is spent；to
解析：1.考查过去分词。此处为have sth. done结构， careers与change之间为被动关系，因此使用change的过去分词形 式。故填changed。
2.考查副词。句中需用副词作状语修饰动词have。故填currently。
3.考查非谓语动词。句意：在这种情况下，获得职业指导非常重要。不定式作主语常表示具体的某一动作；动名词作主语表示泛指的、一般的抽象概念。根据本句话的语境，使用动名词和动词不定式均可。故填getting 或to get。
4.考查时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，该句为主系表结构，此处指选择职业的第一步是了解你自己，描述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时。主语是The first step in choosing a career,故填is。
5.考查并列连词。句意:做这件事最好的方法是进行一次个性测试，并且在互联网上可免费测试。空格前后是两个完整的句子，且内容是并列关系。故填and。
6.考查名词的数。website是可数名词，此处和centers为并列成分，故用复数名词websites。
7.考查形容词。此处指这条职业道路是否适合你。be suitable for sb.适合某人。
8.考查非限制性定语从句。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为universal skills,关系词在从句中作主语，故填which。
9.考查时态和语态。此处指我们生命中大部分时间都花在工作上。此处描述的是客观事实，应使用一般现在时。most of the time in our lives作原因状语从句的主语，与spend之间为被动关系，故填is spent。
10.考查介词。句意：因此，把兴趣和爱好投入职业中总会(让你）找到最好的工作。短语lead to意为“引起，导致，造成”。故填to。Unit 4 Unit 4 Everyday economics Developing ideas—高二英语外研版（2019）选择性必修第四册课前导学
重点单词
expense __________________
thereby __________________
theft __________________
abuse __________________
hire __________________
sorrow __________________
purse __________________
supervision __________________
frustration __________________
toddle __________________
重点短语
cost sb. a fortune __________________
to one's sorrow __________________
be beneficial to... __________________
make money out of... __________________
at rock-bottom prices __________________
通常就是如此 __________________
以损害……为代价 __________________
具有；呈现 __________________
受……支配；从属 __________________
重难知识点
As is often the case all over the world with new areas of economic activity, the sharing economy
is developing faster than existing regulations or ongoing supervision.
关系代词 as 引导定语从句
as 引导非限制性定语从句位置关系不同于其他的定语从句，既可以位于先行词前面，也可以位于先行词后面。as 引导定语从句表示“正如”的含义，同时 as 一词要在定语从句中充当一定的成分，如充当主语、宾语、表语等成分。
He forgot to bring his pen with him, as was often the case. 他忘了带笔，这是常事。
As is known to all, Mark Twain is a great American writer.
众所周知，马克·吐温是一位伟大的美国作家。
(3)As we all know, the earth is round.
＝The earth is round, as we all know. 众所周知，地球是圆的。
(4)As a poet points out, life is but a dream. 正如一位诗人指出的，生活仅仅就是一场梦。
◆as 引导限制性定语从句常用在一些固定结构中，如 the same...as; such...as; as...as; so...as 等。as 一词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语等成分。
He bought the same washing machine as you did yesterday.
他买了一个和你昨天买的一样的洗衣机。
【比较】
He is such a clever boy that we all like him.
他是如此聪明的一个男孩以至于我们都喜欢他。
(such...that...为结果状语从句， that 不作任何成分)
He is such a clever boy as we all like.
他是如此聪明的一个男孩，我们都喜欢他。
(such...as...是定语从句，引导词 as 在定语从句中作宾语)
Nonetheless, what is in no doubt is that the sharing economy is increasingly relevant to our daily lives as well as to the global economy.
“As well as” 是英语中常用的并列连词，表示 “和；除……之外；不仅……而且” 的含义。它比简单的 “and”更强调前者，在句中可连接单词、短语或从句。
核心用法分类
用法类型 例句 译文 语法要点
(1) 并列同等成分 She speaks French as well as English. 她说法语和英语。 连接两个名词作宾语
(2) 强调前者 The teacher, as well as the students, was excited. 老师和学生都很兴奋。 谓语动词与第一个主语一致（was）
(3) 连接动词 He paints as well as writes novels. 他画画也写小说。 连接两个动词时，后者用原形
(4) 连接介词短语 We traveled by train as well as by plane. 我们乘火车和飞机旅行。 保持介词结构平行（by+交通工具）
(5) 表示“不仅……而且” The book is informative as well as entertaining. 这本书不仅有教育意义而且有趣。 相当于“not only...but also”的正式表达
注意：
主谓一致陷阱
当连接两个主语时，谓语动词与第一个主语保持一致：
My sister as well as my parents are coming.
My sister as well as my parents is coming.
（实际强调“姐姐要来”，父母是附加信息）
位置灵活性
可置于句首、句中或句尾，但意义微调：
As well as cooking, she decorated the house. （强调“装饰”是额外能力）
She decorated the house as well as cooking. （强调“做饭”是基础行为）
否定句中的歧义
在否定句中可能产生歧义，建议改用“and not”：
模糊：He didn’t sing as well as dance. （未跳舞？还是两者都没做？）
明确：He didn't sing and not dance. （明确两者都没做）
四、基础自测
The ______ (expense) of this trip is much higher than we expected.
His carelessness led to the ______ (thief) of his wallet.
We should not ______ (abuse) our natural resources.
They decided to ______ (hire) a car for their journey.
______ (thereby), he achieved great success in his career.
The ________ (sorrow) news of his father's death made him very sad.
Under the strict ______ (supervise) of the teacher, the students completed the experiment.
The repeated failures caused him a lot of ______ (frustrate).
The little child began to ______ (toddle) around the room.
Buying a new house will cost you ______ fortune.
五、拓展练习
阅读理解
For four decades, there’s been an invisible hand guiding the way we write, work, and communicate: Microsoft Word.
Upon its launch in 1983, this software was first known as Multi-Tool Word, before being renamed Microsoft Word for Dos. By 1994, Microsoft says it had occupied a 90% share of the word-processing market, securing its position as one of the most successful software products in history.
Word’s spell-checker and grammar features have evolved into subtle judges of language. When typing on Word, the software can automatically correct your spelling, and make suggestions for what to write next. These suggestions aren’t based on your personal writing style and tone — they’re rule-based. Writers might unintentionally abandon their unique voices and expressions. For those trying to learn a language, or even get better at their native tongue, features such as autocorrect have been-found to have a negative impact on student’s writing abilities and spelling skills.
Based on a quick experiment, if Harper Lee had used Word to write To Kill a Mockingbird, the software would have suggested changing: “I never loved to read. One does not love breathing,” to “I never loved to read. Breathing is necessary.” Does this remove the poetry and. depth of the original The illustration is somewhat facetious, but it shows the effects using such tools can have.
As artificial intelligence is integrated into word processing, a potential over-dependence on automation could discourage users from actively learning. Alternatively, AI may free people up to be even more creative. Its ability to learn and understand a person’s unique writing style could lead to an era of highly personal, unlimited imagination. The ultimate impact depends on how individuals and communities choose to use this powerful tool.
1.What is the main purpose of the passage
A. To show the help from Microsoft.
B. To discuss the effects of Microsoft Word.
C. To introduce the evolution of Microsoft Word.
D. To explain the reason for popularity of Microsoft Word.
2.What does the underlined word “facetious” mean
A. serious B. fantastic C. amazing D. funny
3.How does the author illustrate the effects of Microsoft Word
A. By listing data and descriptions.
B. By giving examples and analysis.
C. By quoting writers’ remarks and reasons.
D. By presenting changes and consequences.
4.What is the writer’s attitude towards the integration of AI into Microsoft Word
A. Positive B. Negative C. Objective D. Unconcerned
七选五
Cell phone skins are fun and decorative ways to add style to cell phones, while also offering a small amount of protection. They are not the same as cell phone cases (手机套), which are usually more focused on function and less on style. The skin is attached directly to the surface of the cell phone. 1.______
The typical phone skin is made from vinyl (乙烯基). 2.______ So it is possible to buy skins that are solid-colored or make use of a number of different color combinations.
3.______ It means you can buy several different ones and change the look of your phone to match the occasion. For example, they can be used to decorate the phone for holidays, seasons of the year, special events such as birthdays, and any other occasion that can be imagined.
Cell phone skins are relatively inexpensive. So it is easy to buy several different models and change the look of the phone, just like many people matching shoes or jewelry to their clothing. 4.______ For example, they can fit flip phones (翻盖手机) and phones with sliding keyboards.
Today many companies that sell phone skins carry a wide range of colors and types. 5.______ Some producers can create ones featuring company signs. Some producers can take original designs developed by customers and use them to create unique skins. While more expensive than ordinary skins, the specially-made types are still usually affordable.
A. But it’s also possible to order a special design.
B. Decorative cell phone skins are removable.
C. Cell phone skins can protect your phone from dirt.
D. The material can use a wide range of colors in the design.
E. So you may choose cell phones that best suit your needs.
F. It gives a more unique look than most cases can manage.
G. Today, cell phone skins are made to fit about every type of cell phone.
答案以及解析
一、
n. 费用，花费
adv. 因此，由此
n. 偷窃，偷盗
n. 滥用
v. 租用，租借
n. 令人悲伤的事
n. （女士）钱包
n. 监督；管理
n. 懊恼，沮丧
n. 学步的儿童
二、
花某人一大笔钱
令某人悲伤的是
对……有益
利用……赚钱
以最低的价格
as is often the case
at the expense of...
take on
be subject to...
四、
答案：expense
解析：定冠词 the 后接名词，根据语境 “这次旅行的…… 比我们预期的高得多”，这里用 expense “费用” 符合语义，故填 expense。
答案：theft
解析：定冠词 the 后接名词，“他的粗心导致了钱包的……”，这里用 theft “偷窃”，表示钱包被偷这件事，故填 theft。
答案：abuse
解析：should not 后接动词原形，abuse 意为 “滥用”“我们不应该滥用自然资源”，符合句子逻辑，故填 abuse。
答案：hire
解析：decide to do sth. 为固定用法，to 后接动词原形，hire 意为 “租用”“他们决定为旅行租一辆车”，故填 hire。
答案：Thereby
解析：thereby 是副词，意为 “因此，由此”，在句中作状语，“因此，他在事业上取得了巨大成功”，故填 Thereby。
答案：sorrow
解析：sorrow 在这里作定语修饰 news，表示 “令人悲伤的消息”“他父亲去世的这个令人悲伤的消息使他非常难过”，故填 sorrow。
答案：supervision
解析：定冠词 the 和形容词 strict 后接名词，supervision 意为 “监督，管理”“在老师的严格监督下，学生们完成了实验”，故填 supervision。
答案：frustration
解析：a lot of 后接名词，frustration 意为 “懊恼，沮丧”“反复的失败给他带来了很多懊恼”，故填 frustration。
答案：toddle
解析：begin to do sth. 为固定结构，to 后接动词原形，toddle 意为 “蹒跚行走，学步”“这个小孩开始在房间里蹒跚学步”，故填 toddle。
答案：a
解析：will 后接动词原形，cost sb. a fortune 意为 “花某人一大笔钱”“买一套新房子会花你一大笔钱”。
五、
阅读理解
1.答案： B
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段“Word’s spell-checker and grammar features have evolved into subtle judges of language. When typing on Word, the software can automatically correct your spelling, and make suggestions for what to write next. These suggestions aren’t based on your personal writing style and tone — they’re rule-based. Writers might unintentionally abandon their unique voices and expressions. For those trying to learn a language, or even get better at their native tongue, features such as autocorrect have been-found to have a negative impact on student’s writing abilities and spelling skills.(Word的拼写检查和语法功能已经演变成对语言的微妙判断。当你在Word上打字时，软件会自动纠正你的拼写，并建议你接下来要写什么。这些建议不是基于你个人的写作风格和语气——它们是基于规则的。写作者可能会无意中放弃他们独特的声音和表达方式。对于那些想学习一门语言，甚至想提高母语水平的人来说，自动纠错等功能会对学生的写作能力和拼写技能产生负面影响)”结合文章主要说明了Microsoft Word软件影响，比如Word的拼写检查和语法功能可能会让写作者无意中放弃自己独特的声音和表达方式，以及Word软件可能会建议改变一些具有诗意和深度的句子等。可知，文章的主要目的是讨论Microsoft Word的影响。故选B。
2.答案： D
解析：词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Based on a quick experiment, if Harper Lee had used Word to write To Kill a Mockingbird, the software would have suggested changing: “I never loved to read. One does not love breathing,” to “I never loved to read. Breathing is necessary.”(根据一个快速的实验，如果哈珀·李用Word写《杀死一只知更鸟》，软件会建议修改：“我从不觉得自己热爱读书，道理就像人们不会热爱呼吸一样”改为“我从来就不爱读书。呼吸是必要的。”)”可知，微软的修改建议“One does not love breathing”是比喻说法，用来强调“I never loved to read”的程度，而Word软件的建议将这种比喻改为了普通的陈述句，改变了原本的意思，显得有点滑稽。故划线词意思是“滑稽的”。故选D。
3.答案： B
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段“Writers might unintentionally abandon their unique voices and expressions.(写作者可能会无意中放弃他们独特的声音和表达方式)”以及第四段“Based on a quick experiment, if Harper Lee had used Word to write To Kill a Mockingbird, the software would have suggested changing: “I never loved to read. One does not love breathing,” to “I never loved to read. Breathing is necessary.”(根据一个快速的实验，如果哈珀·李用Word写《杀死一只知更鸟》，软件会建议修改：“我从不觉得自己热爱读书，道理就像人们不会热爱呼吸一样”改为“我从来就不爱读书。呼吸是必要的。”)”可知，作者通过举例和分析说明Microsoft Word的影响。故选B。
4.答案： C
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段“As artificial intelligence is integrated into word processing, a potential over-dependence on automation could discourage users from actively learning. Alternatively, AI may free people up to be even more creative. (随着人工智能被集成到文字处理中，对自动化的潜在过度依赖可能会阻碍用户主动学习。另一方面，人工智能可能会让人们变得更有创造力)”可知，作者认为将AI整合到Microsoft Word中各有利弊，因此态度是客观的。故选C。
七选五
答案：1-5 FDBGA
解析：1.由上文：这种皮肤直接附着在手机表面，和下文：典型的手机皮肤由乙烯基制成，可知，此处在讨论手机皮肤相较于手机套的特点。F选项“它比大多数手机套提供了更独特的外观”，其中：更加独特的外观，与上文材料：手机的表面，相对应，符合语境。故选F
2.由上文：典型的手机皮肤由乙烯基制成，可知，接下来应描述这种材料的特点，D选项“这种材料可以在设计中使用多种颜色。”其中：多种颜色，与下文材料：不同的颜色组合，相对应，并解释这种材料可以使用不同颜色进行设计，符合语境。故选D。
3.这意味着你可以购买几种不同的，并改变手机的外观以符合场合，可知，该段主要在描述装饰性手机皮肤的可替换性，B选项“装饰性手机皮肤是可以移除的”，引出下文的：意味着你可以购买多个不同的手机皮肤，符合语境。故选B.
4.由上文：因此，购买几种不同型号的手机并改变手机的外观很容易，就像许多人将鞋子或珠宝与衣服搭配一样。可知，手机皮肤适用于多种手机类型，G选项“如今，手机皮肤适用于几乎所有的手机类型。”符合逻辑，并与下文描述“flip phones (翻盖手机) and phones with sliding keyboards(翻盖手机和滑盖键盘的手机)”相呼应，符合语境。故选G。
5.由上文：如今，许多销售手机皮肤的公司提供多种颜色和类型，可知，空处接续说明详细情况，A选项：但也可以订购一个特殊设计。介绍了一种可能选择，与下文“take original designs developed by customers an use them to create unique skins.(采用客户开发的原创设计，制作独特的手机皮肤)”详细描述个性化设计相一致，符合语境。故选A。

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