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(共51张PPT)
LESSON 3
"WHITE BIKES" ON THE ROAD
UNIT 8 GREEN LIVING
To read and talk about a bike-sharing scheme in Amsterdam;
To understand how events develop and lead to consequences;
To read for specific information and deep understanding;
To present the topic of the reading text and discuss ideas;
To understand words and expressions in context;
To compare bike-sharing schemes in Amsterdam and China;
To learn about and practise using nouns or verbs.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
To answer the comprehension questions;
To get key information in the text;
To summarize the text after reading;
To compare bike-sharing schemes in Amsterdam and China;
To learn words and expressions in context;
To struggle with complicated sentence structures;
To think critically and express opinions freely.
KEY POINTS AND DIFFICULT POINTS
LEADING IN
Do you know the development of bicycle
ACTIVATE AND SHARE
Are there any shared bikes in your neighbourhood or around your school What do you think are the advantages and disadvantages of them
ACTIVATE AND SHARE
Are there any shared bikes in your neighbourhood or around your school What do you think are the advantages and disadvantages of them
Convenient saving energy reducing pollution
providing public transport
making "the last-mile distance" easy
Advantages
causing parking problems causing accidents on the road
Disadvantages
READ AND EXPLORE
Can you guess in which city the idea of “shared bikes” was born
Amstedam: the City of Bicycles
READ AND EXPLORE
What is the text type of the passage
A. Narrative essay.
B. Argumentative essay.
C. Expository writing.
D. Practical writing.
√
Read the text and answer the questions.
READ AND EXPLORE
What is the main idea of each paragraph
Para 1
Amsterdam is a good place for cycling.
Para 2
How the white bikes began.
Para 3
The white bikes are back.
Para 4
How the white bikes affect Amsterdam.
Para 5
Bike-sharing is more and more popular in the world.
Para 6
The convenience and problems of bikes in China.
READ AND EXPLORE
Part 1
(Para.1)
Part 2
(Paras.2-5)
Part 3
(Para.6)
The popularity of cycling in Amsterdam
The development of “White bikes”
“White bikes” in China
Match main ideas of each part.
READ AND EXPLORE
Amsterdam is called "the City of Bicycles". Why is it a good city for cycling Read the first paragraph and take notes about the reasons.
Why is Amsterdam a good city for cycling
It's flat and therefore convenient for bicycles.
There are plenty of places for bicycle parking; Most streets in the city centre have a bicycle path.
38% of all trips are made by bike.
READ AND EXPLORE
Where did the idea of "white bikes" start What happened to it soon after, and what is the situation now Read the rest of the text. Make notes in the table.
stage 1:
in the1960s
stage 2:
in 1999
stage 3:
nowadays
in time order
READ AND EXPLORE
Skill Builder
Understanding Development of Events
The development of events talks about how one event followed another to create a certain situation.
Find the starting point of the events.
Find out when and where the events developed.
Find out what problems developed and what the consequences of the development were.
READ AND EXPLORE
Development of "White Bikes"
In the 1960s In 1999 Now
People in Amsterdam first had the idea for "white bikes". They wanted to reduce the amount of traffic and pollution in the city centre. They painted hundreds of white bikes and left them around the city centre for people to use. Within a matter of weeks, the bikes had all been stolen and the project came to an end.
White bikes returned to Amsterdam. This time every bike had a computer tracking system in it to make it possible to record its movements and you had to use a special card to take a bike.
Bike–sharing is becoming more and more popular in cities around the world, including Chinese cities.
READ AND EXPLORE
Development of "White Bikes"
Stage 1：in the 1960s
Where Why (purpose) How Results
People in Amsterdam first had the idea for “white bikes”.
They painted hundreds of white bikes and left them around the city centre for people to use.
Within a matter of weeks, the bikes had all been stolen and the project came to an end.
Because they believed that it would help to save energy, reduce pollution and provide free public transport.
READ AND EXPLORE
Development of "White Bikes"
Stage 2：
in 1999
changes:
result:
People can enjoy clean air and easy transport in central Amsterdam
a. a computer tracking system
b. color: painted in bright colors
c. parking at special parking places
what happen:
“White bikes” returned to Amsterdam
READ AND EXPLORE
Answer the following questions based on your notes.
1. Why did cycling fans put forward the idea of "white bikes" in the 1960s
They believed that it would be better for everybody if cars weren’t allowed in the city centre and only bicycles were. They were hopeful that this would help to save energy, reduce pollution and provide free public transport.
READ AND EXPLORE
Answer the following questions based on your notes.
2. What is the difference between the "white bikes" of the 1960s and of 1999
1960s 1999
painted the bikes white
anyone could use them for short journeys
parked where they finished the journey
problem: theft—stoppage of the program
be designed with bright colors
special parking near destination
solution: computer tracking system
READ AND EXPLORE
Answer the following questions based on your notes.
3. What effects have "white bikes" had on Amsterdam
You can now enjoy clean air and easy transport in central Amsterdam.
4. Why has the idea spread to other parts of the world in recent years
Because bike-sharing is a cheap and easy way to save energy, reduce air and noise pollution, and enjoy the benefits of exercise in cities.
Group Work Introduce “white bikes” in Amsterdam with the help of the flow chart.
READ AND EXPLORE
Amsterdam: the City of Bicycles
“White bikes” in the 1960s
purposes
actions
results
The return of “white bikes” in 1999
actions
results
Today...
Influence in the world
READ AND EXPLORE
Group Work Think and share.
1. What does the title "'White Bikes' on the Road" mean
"White bikes on the road" refers to "white bikes" being used to ride around the streets of a city. Apart from the literal meaning, the title can also mean that the effort to implement "White bikes" projects takes time and it's still on the way. There're still aspects that need to be improved.
READ AND EXPLORE
Group Work Think and share.
2. What does the writer mean by saying "Where will bike-sharing go in China You decide."
Young people like the students will determine how successful bike–sharing is in the future by deciding whether or not and how much they want to use it. It can also mean that whether or not bike–sharing can exist successfully depends on each individual. Everyone has to take the responsibility to take care of bike–sharing so that it can last longer and help people better.
What makes “white bikes” successful in Amsterdam
READ AND EXPLORE
Factors influencing bike-sharing:
environment
management
technology
morality/awareness
READ AND EXPLORE
Complete the summary with the information you have learnt.
People in Amsterdam have been 1. _______________________ cycling for years. They are particularly lucky because the city is very flat and therefore 2. ________________ cycling. Back in the 1960s, a group of cycling fans 3. ______________ an idea of using free shared bikes. They believed that this would help to 4. ______________, 5. ___________________ and 6. ___________________________________. However, shortly
enjoying the benefits of
convenient for
came up with
save energy
reduce pollution
provide free public transport
READ AND EXPLORE
Complete the summary with the information you have learnt.
after setting up the new system, there was a serious problem as all the bikes 7. ________________. In 1999, the bike-sharing idea returned to Amsterdam. This time they were 8. _________________ a computer 9. __________________. 10. ______________ the efforts of many people, the idea of "shared bikes" has now pedalled its way around the world.
disappeared
designed with
tracking system
Thanks to
FOCUS ON LANGUAGE: VERBS OR NOUNS
Look at the Word pare the two sentences in each pair. Decide what the word in bold expresses.
a the name of an object / a thing b an action / to do things
Verbs or Nouns
1. The group painted hundreds of bicycles white ... ( )
I need a can of red paint. ( )
2. Make sure you put your schoolbag in a proper place. ( )
... placed them in many areas ... ( )
b
a
a
b
FOCUS ON LANGUAGE: VERBS OR NOUNS
Look at the Word pare the two sentences in each pair. Decide what the word in bold expresses.
a the name of an object / a thing b an action / to do things
3. ... this time with a computer tracking system to record their every move! ( )
Try to keep a record of what you have learnt. ( )
4. Nowadays, the idea of "white bikes" has pedalled its way around the world ... ( )
Both pedals of my bicycle were broken. ( )
b
a
b
a
FOCUS ON LANGUAGE: VERBS OR NOUNS
Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words from Activity 8.
1. Jason _____________________ down the road to his school.
She put her foot down on the ____________________.
2. The house will look bright with white ____________.
The old man asked, "Who ____________ all these on my wall "
3. You should wash your cup and ____________ it on the table.
This is a great ____________ for a holiday.
4. I try to keep a ____________ of everything I spend.
Her mum made her ____________ every penny she spent.
pedals/ pedalled
pedal/ pedals
paint
painted
place
place
record
record
EXPRESS YOURSELF
Group Work What are the similarities and differences between "white bikes" in Amsterdam and shared bikes in your city / town
Similarities:
1. People use them for short journeys.
2. There's a computer tracking system to record their every move.
3. They're painted in bright colours.
EXPRESS YOURSELF
Group Work What are the similarities and differences between "white bikes" in Amsterdam and shared bikes in your city / town
Differences
Amsterdam China
Free public transport. People pay to use them.
People have to put in a special card to use them. People download APPs to use them.
They are parked at special parking places. They are left at where users complete their journeys.
… …
GRAMMAR
词类转换
词类转换就是词自身形式不变，但词性转换为另外一种词性。
一、转换为名词
1. 动词转换为名词
有大量动词可以转换为名词，这些转换的名词一般表示原来的动作或状态，意思没有太大的变化。
Let me have a try. 我来试一试。
We stopped there for a swim. 我们在那里停下来游了一会儿泳。
GRAMMAR
词类转换
这类名词通常可以和动词构成短语，表示一个动作。
have a (n) look/ chat/ talk/ wash/ swim/ rest/ try/ quarrel/ smoke/ lie/ read/ dream/ run/ fight/ walk/ ride/ drink/ laugh/ dance/ bath/ wish/ win/ fear/ love/ shave/ debate/ interview/ taste, etc.
make a study/ guess/ visit/ call/ survey/ jump/ slip/ change/ search/ stay/ start/ reply/ remark/ fight/ purchase/ sacrifice/ demand/ show/ deal, etc.
GRAMMAR
词类转换
2. 形容词转换为名词
部分形容词特别是表示颜色的形容词通常可以转换为名词；某些形容词如old, young, poor, rich, wounded, injured等与the连用，表示一类人，作主语时，谓语用复数形式。
You should be dressed in black at the funeral.
你在葬礼上应该穿黑色衣服。
The old in our village are living a happy life.
我们村的老年人过着幸福的生活。
GRAMMAR
词类转换
二、转换为动词
1. 名词转换为动词
（1）许多表示物件的名词可以转换为动词来表示动作。
Have you booked your ticket 你的票已经订好了吗？
Who chaired the meeting 谁主持会议？
It can seat one thousand people.
它能容纳一千人。
GRAMMAR
词类转换
（2）一些表示身体部位的名词也可以转换为动词。
Hand in your exercise books, please.
请把你的练习本交上来。
She has been appointed to head the research team.
她受命领导研究小组。
We should shoulder these responsibilities.
我们应当肩负起这些责任来。
GRAMMAR
词类转换
（3）一些表示某类人的名词也可以转换为动词。
You don't fool me!
不要骗我！
He insisted on staying up to nurse the child.
他坚持不睡觉来照顾这个小孩。
GRAMMAR
词类转换
2. 形容词转换为动词
The train slowed down to half its speed.
火车速度减慢到一半。
Please warm up the dish over the stove.
请把菜放在炉子上加热一下。
The room gradually quieted down.
房子里慢慢静了下来。
GRAMMAR
词类转换
三、其他转换的情况
This is a repeat performance of their old policy.
这是他们的故伎重演。
We began to march north.
我们开始向北进军。
GRAMMAR
词类转换
注意：有个别词在一定的场合下可用作名词。
His argument contains too many "ifs" and "buts".
他在说理时“如果”和“但是”用得太多了。
This book is a must for students of electronics.
这本书对于学电子学的学生来说是必修课。
Have you considered the why and how of the plan
你考虑过制订这一计划的原因和方式吗？
GRAMMAR
词类转换
四、通过读音转换
有一些词可以词形不变，但重音发生变化时，词性也相应地改变了。较常见的是一些双音节词，作动词时重音在后，作名词时重音在前。
单词 作动词 作名词
digest /da 'd est/ 消化 /'da d est/ 摘要，文章
export / k'sp t/ 输出，出口 /'eksp t/ 出口
GRAMMAR
词类转换
单词 作动词 作名词
import / m'p t/ 进口，输入 /' mp t/ 进口
permit /p 'm t/ 准许，允许 /'p m t/ 许可证
present /pr 'zent/ 颁发；上演 /'preznt/ 礼物
record /r 'k d/ 记录；录音 /'rek d/ 记录；唱片
transfer /tr ns'f (r)/ 转学；调往 /'tr nsf (r)/ 转送；过户
transport /tr n'sp t/ 运输，运送 /'tr nsp t/ 运输
1. benefit
be of benefit to sb. = be beneficial to sb. 对某人有益处
for the benefit of… 为了……的利益
benefit from/ by… 从……中受益，得益于……
A benefit B = B benefit from A
beneficial adj. 有益的
练习：The two countries will ___________ from free trade.
benefit
VOCABULARY
2. convenience
for convenience 为方便起见 at sb's convenience 在某人方便时
at your earliest convenience 尽早，尽快
inconvenience 不方便 convenient adj. 方便的，便利的
It is/ was convenient for sb. to do sth. 某人方便做某事
if sth. is convenient to sb. 如果某事对某人来说方便的话
练习：I kept my reference book near my desk for _________________.
convenience
VOCABULARY
3. come up with
come up 走近；上来；提出 come out 出来；出版
come about 发生；产生 when it comes to... 当谈到……
come across 遇见；(偶然) 发现 come to 苏醒；总计；达到
keep up with 与……保持一致；不落后
catch up with 赶上；追上 put up with 忍受
team up with 与……合作，协作
练习：At the conference a large number of participants ___________________ original theories.
came up with
VOCABULARY
1. People would leave the bike in the place where they finished their journey, so that someone else could then take it and use it from there.
so that引导目的状语从句，意为 “以便，为了”，可用in order that 替换，从句中常有may, can, could等情态动词。
I will leave so that you can concentrate on your work.
我这就走，以便让你专心工作。
He came in quietly so that he wouldn’t wake his wife up.
他轻轻地进来，为了不把他的妻子吵醒。
LANGUAGE POINTS
so that引导结果状语从句，意为 “因此，所以”，通常不与情态动词连用，从句前可用逗号与主句隔开。
I got up early, so that I caught the first bus.
我起得很早，所以赶上了第一班公共汽车。
Suddenly it began to rain heavily, so that it was almost impossible to carry on driving.
突然下起了大雨，几乎无法继续开车。
LANGUAGE POINTS
2. To take a bicycle, you had to put in a special card.
to take a bicycle为不定式短语作目的状语。
动词不定式作目的状语通常译为“为了……”。
They worked hard to get good marks in the final exams.
为了在期末考试中得到高分，他们很用功。
In order to learn spoken English well, he often talks with American friends.
为了学好口语他常常和美国朋友交谈。
Lily saw many Chinese films so as to know more about China.
莉莉看了很多中国电影以便更多地了解中国。
LANGUAGE POINTS
PRACTICE
dress
look
change
boat
dust
按要求写出下面单词对应的正确形式
1. dress v. 给……穿衣服 → ___________ n. 连衣裙；衣服
2. look v. 看，寻找 → ___________ n. 看，眼神，脸色
3. change v. 改变 → ___________ n. 变化，改变
4. boat n. 船 → ___________ v. 划船
5. dust n. 灰尘，尘埃 → ___________ v. 拂去灰尘
PRACTICE
free
slow
clean
close
daily
按要求写出下面单词对应的正确形式
6. free adj. 免费的，自由的 → ___________ v. 释放，解放
7. slow adj. 缓慢的 → ___________ v. 使减速
8. clean v. 打扫 → ___________ adj. 干净的
9. close v. 关闭 → ___________ adj. 接近的
10. daily adj. 每日的 → ___________ n. 日报
SUMMARY
Read and talk about a bike-sharing scheme in Amsterdam;
Analyse and summarize the structure of the text;
Compare bike-sharing schemes in Amsterdam and China;
Read for general understanding and specific information;
Understand and learn words and expressions in context;
Learn about and practice using nouns or verbs.
Thank you

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