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2025届高考三轮冲刺英语高频命题热点练习：热点九 环境污染与保护（练习）
一、
With winters in the mountains getting less predictable in terms of snow fall, ski resorts (旅游圣地) are pioneering sustainable practices that aim to phase out fossil fuels, lower carbon emissions and reduce waste. After experiencing first-hand some of the earliest effects of climate change, alpine villages and towns have a long-term interest in safeguarding their delicate ecosystems. The following are three selected mountain towns that are pushing ahead with eco-initiatives that are setting the green standard for ski destinations worldwide.
Laax, Switzerland
Laax has been working towards operating sustainably since the 1970s and aims to be carbon neutral by 2030, eventually becoming an energy-producing resort. It’s currently constructing buildings that will produce more energy than they consume, and is phasing out fossil fuels. This winter, the resort will open the first “on-demand” ski lift, which reduces energy requirements by removing cabins if they’re not being used. There are plentiful vehicle and bike charging points in resort.
Skiwelt, Austria
This collection of resorts, which includes S ll, Ellmau, Westendorf and others, has won awards for its ecological endeavors. It installed the world’s first solar-powered lift in Brixen in 2008, and since 2017 has relied merely on local renewable energy, heating most of its buildings using biomass, wood pellets and heat-recovery systems. Car parks in Scheffau, Hopfgarten and Brixen have charging points for EVs and when skiers buy a day lift ticket they receive a code enabling them to charge their cars for free. Base and mountain stations across the ski area have waste-sorting systems.
S len, Sweden
Part of the Scandinavian SkiStar group of resorts, S len is using non-fossil fuel energy in all resort operations, which has cut carbon dioxide emissions by 90%. All ski buses run on HVO biofuel, as do all the resort’s snow groomers (整理机) — reducing emissions by 67%. All 150 of the resort’s snowmobiles are now electric, and it operates an electric snow groomer, too. Charging points for EVs are installed as standard on all new buildings.
1.Why are the ski resorts struggling for sustainable solutions
A. To become energy-producing resorts.
B. To cope with climate change challenges.
C. To win awards for their ecological efforts.
D. To set the green standard for ski destinations worldwide
2.What sustainable practice has Skiwelt, Austria pioneered
A. Installing a solar-powered lift. B. Consuming renewable energy.
C. Building heat-recovery systems. D. Constructing waste-sorting systems.
3.What do Laax, Switzerland and S len, Sweden have in common
A. Plentiful charging points are installed in both ski resorts.
B. They have both introduced electric vehicles as public transport.
C. They are both employing non-fossil fuel energy in all resort operations.
D. They will both open “on-demand” projects by removing abandoned facilities.
二、
While a green roof may seem like a simple action, there are so many benefits. These eco-friendly features not only enhance urban landscapes but also address critical environmental issues. From reducing energy costs to creating habitats for pollinators (授粉昆虫), green roofs are a powerful tool for sustainable urban development.
Green Roof at WWF Headquarters
The WWF headquarters in Washington D. C. features a 23,000㎡ green roof with 53,000 plants, reducing stormwater runoff by 3 million liters annually-equivalent to an Olympic pool. The roof supports 11 plant species and attracts dragonflies and many other insects, promoting biodiversity and sustainable urban design.
Flying High at the Fairmont in Canada
The Fairmont Royal York hotel in Toronto has a rooftop bee farm with 450,000 bees and six queen bees. The hives help tackle Colony Collapse Disorder, a phenomenon affecting honeybee populations in North America. By collaborating with local beekeepers, the hotel supports environmental health and community engagement.
Bird’s-eye View of Vancouver, Canada
The 400,000 local plants and grasses on the living roof at the Vancouver Convention Centre attract bees, butterflies, and birds like Canada geese, bald eagles, and owls. An irrigation (灌溉) system using recycled wastewater sustains the plants, while four beehives aid pollination and provide honey for the building’s kitchen.
Top-floor Forest School in the UK
The Reading International Solidarity Centre (RISC) in Berkshire transformed its roof into a forest in 2002. Despite a shallow 30 cm soil layer, the 200㎡ space now hosts 1.8-m-tall trees and 180 species of eatable and medicinal plants. The garden attracts native bees, blue tils. and goldfinches, provides insulation, absorbs 85% of rainwater, and serves as an educational space, showcasing how to reduce environmental footprints.
4.Which roof promotes the number of bees
A. Green Roof at WWF Headquarters.
B. Flying High at the Fairmont in Canada.
C. Bird’s-eye View of Vancouver, Canada.
D. Top-floor Forest School in the UK.
5.The plants on the Vancouver Convention Centre roof are watered by ________
A. Natural spring water. B. Honey-enriched water.
C. Collected rainwater. D. Recycled wastewater.
6.What is unique to the top-floor forest at RISC compared with others
A. It offers biology classes to visiting students.
B. It takes advantages of rainwater to keep plants.
C. It serves for purpose of environmental education.
D. It supplies for more species of animals and plants.
三、
A dropped bag of chips disturbed a cave ecosystem in Carlsbad Caverns National Park, New Mexico. This cave is almost cut off from the outside world, so introducing anything foreign can be harmful. “Things in the damp cave get wet quickly,” says park guide Ashley. The snack attracts tiny organisms, causing unwanted growth. Soon, small animals like crickets and spiders came to eat, spreading the pollution. Rangers found the bag within hours. “But that can be all it takes,” says Ashley. “I’m sure some crickets got a bit of the snack.”
Over 500 million people visit American public lands each year, creating many chances to harm wild places. “When you look at the numbers, it’s incredible,” says Watts, head of the Leave No Trace Center in Colorado, an organization aimed at minimizing human impact on nature.
Food waste takes a long time to break down, especially in certain areas. “It takes much longer for an apple core to rot in a desert than in a forest,” says Blye, a teacher at the University of Utah. Leaving waste introduces animals to an unnatural diet and changes their behavior with sometimes disastrous results. Bears who taste garbage and become a threat to humans may have to be put down. “Bears can get used to unnatural food in three weeks,” says Watts. “Everyone loses in this case.”
Biological waste is also problematic. Dog waste brings new bacteria into the ecosystem and scares away deer. Meanwhile, human waste and toilet paper introduces dangerous bacteria into water sources.
In national parks, trails (小路) are designed to avoid sensitive areas. Stepping off the trail, even for a quick photo, can scare wildlife away. Impacts from many visitors result in long-term damage to nature and wildlife.
But people don’t think of that when they see the perfect photo opportunity. “It’s just such a hard thing to resist,” says Blye. The risk to sensitive ecosystems isn’t obvious. “It’s easy to think, oh, there’s wildflowers over there. I shouldn’t step on that,” says Blye, but these tiny ecosystems full of microscopic organisms essential to desert life provide many benefits, including reducing the risk of erosion (侵蚀) and helping absorb rainfall, and can take hundreds of years to return to its original state.
7.What does Ashley mean by “But that can be all it takes.”
A.The rangers’ work is efficient. B.The damage has been done.
C.The cleanup takes a long time. D.The pollution has spread widely.
8.What is a result of foreign waste in public lands
A.A shift in animal behavior. B.A shortage of food supplies.
C.A decline in bacterial species. D.An increase in regional conflicts.
9.Why does the writer mention wildflowers in paragraph 5
A.To praise their benefits to desert life.
B.To highlight our damage to ecosystems.
C.To stress their significance for photography.
D.To show our unawareness of nature’s sensitivity.
10.It is conveyed in this passage that we should .
A.encourage wildlife protection B.leave no trace in the wild
C.promote national park tourism D.restore ecological damage
四、
From Beijing, more than 400 kilometers away, all the way up north, the temperature gradually drops. With the emergence of fire prevention warnings, Saihanba (塞罕坝), known as a "miracle on earth", begins to come into view. In October, the cold wind blowing from Siberia has dyed (染色) Saihanba golden.
In Mongolian, Saihanba means beautiful high mountains. However, Saihanba was a desert of "yellow sand covering the sky and flying birds without inhabiting trees" 62 years ago. Whenever the north wind blows, the windy sand located in Inner Mongolia will drive southward, reaching Beijing and Tianjin.
After more than half a century of forest plantation, people who have come to Saihanba can hardly imagine the arid (干旱) scene. Occasionally, a gust of wind passes by, and they would just sigh and shout how strong the wind is, but they would not feel sandblasted (喷砂).
On Oct 9, watchmen Liu Jun and Wang Juan were observing the surrounding forest area on a watchtower in Saihanba Forest Farm in Hebei province. Liu is in charge of the observation and Wang keeps recording.
“Spring and autumn are the critical fire prevention periods for our forest farm. We need to stay here for three months, have three meals a day, work and live in the building,” says Liu Jun, who has been engaged in observation for 13 years. Simple as it looks, the job is quite the burden on their shoulders. Only by enjoying loneliness can they keep this forest safe and sound.
Saihanba today is not only a "green Great Wall" for windbreak and sand fixation (固化), but also a timber (林木) source. Many people would doubt why the trees that have grown up here are to be cut down in a planned way. Liu explains that most of the trees here are planted forest, and the forest species are relatively single, unlike natural forests that can adapt on their own and survive the fittest. The selective cutting of plantation forests is more like thinning when farmers plant crops. Only in this way can the nutrient area be expanded and diseased plants also be removed to ensure the healthy development of the forest areas.
11.What can be learned about Saihanba from the first three paragraphs
A.It is suffering from a cold wind. B.Its desertification is under control .
C.It is weathering a sandstorm. D.Its climate is beyond expectation.
12.Which of the following best describes the watchmen
A.Bored but attentive. B.Simple but responsible.
C.Tired but engaged. D.Lonely but committed.
13.What does the underlined word "thinning" in the last paragraph probably mean
A.Making something more beautiful and attractive.
B.Making something stronger and healthier.
C.Making something less thick or dense.
D.Making something more valuable and useful.
14.What can be a suitable title for the text
A.The Golden Miracle B.The Sand Wasteland
C.The Timber Farm D.The Green Guardian
五、
Understanding ocean currents is crucial for predicting how warming temperatures may impact our planet. In 2011, Bob Pickart, a physical oceanographer at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, discovered an unexpected current flowing in the opposite direction while studying water flow in the Denmark Strait between Greenland and Iceland. This mystery puzzled him for over a decade.
Recently, Pickart and his research team set out to investigate this current, now known as the Iceland Faroe Slope Jet(IFSJ). Their six-week expedition involved navigating through the Nordic seas, even facing a major storm, to trace the current’ s path. Identifying the current’ s origin is vital because it eventually flows into the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), a critical system that distributes heat and influences global weather patterns.
The AMOC acts like an ocean conveyor belt; however, climate models predict that it may slow down or collapse due to rising global temperatures. This disorder could lead to severe consequences: northern Europe could experience sharp temperature drops, sea levels could rise further along the U. S. coast, and monsoon (季风) patterns in the southern hemisphere might shift dramatically.
There is an ongoing debate among scientists about when these changes might occur. The latest Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC) report suggests a significant decline after 2100, while some researchers believe a collapse could happen within decades. Others argue that despite warming waters, critical sections of the AMOC have remained stable.
According to Dipanjan Dey from the Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, this disagreement arises from a lack of long-term observations; comprehensive measurements of the AMOC have only been available for about 20 years. “We don’t have confidence in predicting when a tipping point will occur,” he stated. However, Dey emphasizes the importance of preparing for potential changes.
Pickart aims to understand the IFSJ’s origins and its relationship with the AMOC to help fill data gaps. “We need to comprehend how this system operates before we can fully grasp how it will change with climate warming,” he concluded.
15.What is the primary purpose of mentioning Bob Pickart’s discovery
A. To highlight his achievements as a scientist.
B. To discuss climate change impacts on ocean ecosystems.
C. To illustrate how the ocean currents affect fish populations.
D. To introduce the importance of understanding ocean currents.
16.What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about
A. The advanced method ever used in studying the AMOC.
B. The potential consequences of changes to the AMOC.
C. The historical background of ocean currents.
D. The personal experiences of Bob Pickart.
17.What is Dipanjan Dey’s attitude towards predicting changes in the AMOC
A. He is uncertain but stresses the need for preparation.
B. He is optimistic about making accurate predictions.
C. He is dismissive of concerns regarding climate change.
D. He is confident that no significant changes will occur soon.
18.What can we learn from what Pickart said
A. It will possibly confirm existing theories without new discoveries.
B. Future research will focus solely on surface temperatures.
C. Understanding the system is crucial for predicting future changes.
D. There will be no further studies needed after this research concludes.
六、
Currently, it is getting harder and harder to find clothes that aren’t laced with plastic. Like sugar in food, plastic comes in many forms with many different names. When you check a garment’s fabric composition, it’s not uncommon to be confronted by a list of scientific words. For example: polyethylene terephthalate, polyamide, polyurethane, polyvinyl chloride or polypropylene, which are all types of plastic. However, too few realize that unless you’ re paying close attention, most of your wardrobe contains a whole lot of plastic. Often it is invisible like the microplastics shed by synthetic materials; while you may never see them, they have been found at the bottom of the ocean and in human blood.
Despite our awareness of the risks of plastic, fashion’s dependence on it persists. A recent report says between 1980 and 2014, production of polyester increased by nearly 900%. Two common plastics, polyester and nylon, account for 69% of all the materials used in clothing globally and that number is expected to increase to 75% by 2030.
So why do we continue to use plastics The main reason is, of course, cost. The market price for synthetic fibers is significantly less compared to natural fibers, creating a huge incentive for fashion brands to find ways to replace traditionally used natural fibers with synthetic ones. Moreover, making synthetic materials isn’t dependent on seasons or farms affected by rainfall or heatwaves, as is the case with cotton and wool.
You’ve likely seen a lot of brands promoting themselves as sustainable by using plastic bottles to make their clothes. But the problem is, our plastic-based textile (纺织品) economy has led to unsustainable overproduction of clothing that is unhealthy for our communities and our ecosystems. And plastic clothing is still going to impact our health and have a lasting effect on the environment. Textiles made from plastic fibers are responsible for microplastic fiber shedding at every stage of their lives: when they’ re worn, washed, and disposed of. These microplastics enter the air we breathe, the water we drink and the food we eat. Plus, clothing made from plastic bottles can actually interrupt and shorten its life cycle.
While the hidden story of plastic in our clothes doesn’t have the happiest endings yet, we can each take measures. Reduce our overall consumption of clothing and textile products and extend the life of our favorite garment. Learning to mend can be a game-changer. When we do make textile purchases, buy and wear natural fiber products, especially those originating from land-based production systems that are working to restore and build ecosystem and soil health.
19.What can we learn from the first paragraph
A. We can’t find plastic in our blood.
B. Plastic is widely used in our clothes.
C. Few people have plastic in their wardrobes.
D. Many scientific words are closely linked with plastic.
20.What does the underlined word “incentive” in paragraph 3 mean
A. Problem. B. Crowd. C. Market. D. Motivation.
21.What is the author’s attitude towards plastic clothing
A. Supportive. B. Negative. C. Tolerant. D. Ambiguous.
22.Which of the following is the best title for the passage
A. You Are Living in Plastic
B. Measures to Fight Plastic Clothing
C. Your Clothes Are Made from Plastic
D. Development of Plastic-based Economy
七、
Eco-Warriors: Teaching Kids the Value of Recycling
Teaching kids to care for the environment is no easy task. However, Eco-Warriors, a recycling program at three urban schools, is making strides. Led by environmental educator Mark Thompson, the program aims to instill a sense of environmental responsibility in students from a young age.
Thompson’s students come from areas where trash litters the streets, and recycling bins are a rarity. “Many of these kids have never been taught the importance of recycling,” Thompson says. “When we started, they thought recycling was just an extra chore, and they didn’t see the point.” But with patience and creativity, Thompson has managed to change their perspectives.
The Eco-Warriors program involves hands-on activities such as sorting recyclable materials, creating art from recycled items, and visiting local recycling plants. In addition to these activities, students are encouraged to start recycling initiatives (回收倡议) at home. As part of their curriculum, they learn about the environmental impact of waste and the benefits of recycling.
Surveys conducted at the end of each school year reveal that students’ attitudes toward recycling have significantly improved. “We have students who have convinced their families to start recycling at home,” Thompson reports. “It’s amazing to see how passionate they’ve become.”
Moreover, the program has positively influenced students’ behavior beyond recycling. Teachers have noticed a decline in littering around the school and an increase in environmental club memberships. “It’s not just about recycling anymore,” Thompson says. “The kids are learning to take care of their community and the planet.”
The success of Eco-Warriors proves that with the right guidance and activities, students can develop a lasting commitment to environmental stewardship (管理).
23.What can we learn about Mark Thompson
A. He is local artist.
B. He started the Eco-Warriors program.
C. He runs a recycling plant.
D. He is a special education teacher.
24.What challenge did Thompson face initially
A. Lack of support from school authorities.
B. Students’ lack of interest in recycling.
C. Insufficient funding (资金不足) for the program.
D. Parents’ opposition to the program.
25.How has the program impacted students’ behavior
A. They have reduced their use of plastic bottles.
B. They have started their own recycling plants.
C. They have become more involved in environmental activities.
D. They have written essays on environmental protection.
26.What is a suitable title for the text
A. Turning Trash into Treasure.
B. The Challenges of Urban Schools.
C. Teaching Kids to Recycle.
D. The Future of Environmental Education.
八、
On a chilly March morning, 16-year-old Mike stood at Willow Park’s entrance, shocked by the scene before him. Plastic bags hung like worn flags from tree branches, rusty soda cans littered the ground, and a duck struggled to free its leg from a soda can ring. He immediately texted classmates: “Emergency clean up this Saturday! Our park needs us!” By noon, 18 students had joined “Operation Green Rescue”.
Under a rainy sky, volunteers worked tirelessly. They sorted trash into color-coded bins — blue for glass, green for aluminum, and gray for non-recyclables. “Turtle eggs under these cans!” shouted Emma, uncovering a nest beneath debris. By dusk, they had cleared 237 pounds of waste, filling three pickup trucks. A local baker rewarded them with organic snacks, declaring, “You’re revived our park!”
A week later, Mike’s club screened Vanishing Forests, a documentary revealing rainforests disappearing at 30 football fields per minute. Maria wiped tears while apes held onto trees being cut down. “We must act,” Mike urged. The club launched “Project Releaf” selling seed paper bookmarks and organizing “Bike-to-School Fridays” Funds planted 45 oak saplings. “These trees will strengthen the ecosystem by absorbing 200 pounds of carbon annually,” their teacher explained.
Mike’s toughest battle was cafeteria reform. Displaying jars of 1, 800 plastic forks collected monthly, he faced cost objections. “ego-cutlery costs 25 % more,” the manager argued. Determined, Mike presented long-term savings charts. After six debates and 500 + signature, ego-friendly utensils (餐具) were approved. Plastic use dropped 78 %, earning the school a “Green Innovator” award and recognition for promoting sustainable practiced.
Today, families picnic under new trees with bamboo plates, while kids study recycling morals. Now an environmental science major, Mike reflects: “Sustainable change begins when ordinary people refuse to ignore one piece of trash.” His story, carved on a park plague, inspires visitors daily.
27.What did volunteers do with aluminum cans during the clean up
A. Sold them to a recycling company. B. Placed them in green bins.
C. Used them for art projects. D. Buried them in the park.
28.What can be inferred about the documentary Vanishing Forests
A. It criticized government policies. B. It was filmed by the school club.
C. It focused on ocean plastic pollution. D. It inspired empathy and practical actions.
29.What does the cafeteria manager’s initial reaction imply
A. They disliked student proposals.
B. They lacked environmental knowledge.
C. They valued short-term costs over long-term benefits.
D. They opposed all changes.
30.Which quality best described Mike’s character
A. Persistent. B. Optimistic. C. Stubborn. D. Skeptical.
答案以及解析
一、
1.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段"With winters in the mountains getting less predictable in terms of snow fall, ski resorts (旅游圣地) are pioneering sustainable practices that aim to phase out fossil fuels, lower carbon emissions and reduce waste. After experiencing first-hand some of the earliest effects of climate change, alpine villages and towns have a long-term interest in safeguarding their delicate ecosystems.(随着冬季山区的降雪量越来越难以预测，滑雪胜地正在开拓可持续发展的实践，旨在逐步淘汰化石燃料，降低碳排放，减少浪费。在亲身经历了气候变化的一些早期影响之后，高山村庄和城镇对保护其脆弱的生态系统有着长远的兴趣)”可知，滑雪胜地要努力寻找可持续的解决方案是为了应对气候变化的挑战。故选B。
2.答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段"It installed the world’s first solar-powered lift in Brixen in 2008, and since 2017 has relied merely on local renewable energy, heating most of its buildings using biomass, wood pellets and heat-recovery systems.(2008年，该公司在布里克森安装了世界上第一台太阳能电梯，自2017年以来，该公司仅依靠当地的可再生能源，使用生物质、木屑颗粒和热回收系统为其大部分建筑供暖)”可知，奥地利斯基韦尔安装太阳能电梯，开创了可持续实践。故选A。
3.答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段" There are plentiful vehicle and bike charging points in resort.(度假村里有很多汽车和自行车充电站)”以及最后一段“Charging points for EVs are installed as standard on all new buildings.(所有新建建筑都标配了电动汽车充电桩)”可知，两个滑雪胜地都安装了大量充电桩。故选A。
二、
4.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段“The Fairmont Royal York hotel in Toronto has a rooftop bee farm with 450,000 bees and six queen bees. The hives help tackle Colony Collapse Disorder, a phenomenon affecting honeybee populations in North America. By collaborating with local beekeepers, the hotel supports environmental health and community engagement. (多伦多市的费尔蒙皇家约克酒店拥有一个屋顶养蜂场，里面饲养着45万只蜜蜂和6只蜂后。这些蜂箱有助于应对蜂群崩溃失调症，这是一种影响北美蜜蜂种群的现象。通过与当地养蜂人的合作，该酒店为环境健康和社区参与做出了贡献。)”可知，加拿大费尔蒙特酒店的“飞得更高”屋顶促进了蜜蜂数量的增加。故选B。
5.答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段“An irrigation (灌溉) system using recycled wastewater sustains the plants. (一个使用回收废水的灌溉系统维持着植物的生长。)”可知，温哥华会议中心屋顶上的植物是由回收的废水浇水的。故选D。
6.答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段“The garden attracts native bees, blue tils. and goldfinches, provides insulation, absorbs 85% of rainwater, and serves as an educational space, showcasing how to reduce environmental footprints. (这个花园吸引了本土的蜜蜂、蓝鹟和金翅雀，提供隔热，吸收85%的雨水，并作为一个教育空间，展示如何减少环境足迹。)”可知，RISC顶层的森林的独特之处在于它为环境教育服务。故选C。
三、
7.答案：B
解析：词句猜测题。根据文章划线句子上文“A dropped bag of chips disturbed a cave ecosystem in Carlsbad Caverns National Park, New Mexico. This cave is almost cut off from the outside world, so introducing anything foreign can be harmful.(在新墨西哥州的卡尔斯巴德洞穴国家公园，一袋掉落的薯片扰乱了洞穴的生态系统。这个洞穴几乎与外界隔绝，所以引入任何外来的东西都可能有害。)”以及“Soon, small animals like crickets and spiders came to eat, spreading the pollution.(很快，像蟋蟀和蜘蛛这样的小动物就跑来觅食，从而扩散了污染。)”可知，一袋薯片掉落在洞穴里，虽然护林员在几小时内就发现了薯片，但是在此之前薯片已经吸引了微小生物，导致了不必要的生物生长，蟋蟀和蜘蛛等小动物也跑来觅食并扩散了污染。所以 Ashley说“But that can be all it takes.”意思是损害已经造成了。故选B。
8.答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Leaving waste introduces animals to an unnatural diet and changes their behavior with sometimes disastrous results. Bears who taste garbage and become a threat to humans may have to be put down. “Bears can get used to unnatural food in three weeks,” “says Watts. “Everyone loses in this case.”(留下垃圾会让动物接触到非自然的食物，并改变它们的行为，有时甚至会带来灾难性的后果。尝到过垃圾味道并对人类构成威胁的熊可能不得不被安乐死。“熊能在三周内习惯非自然的食物，”Watts.说，“在这种情况下，大家都输了。”)”可知，在公共土地上留下的外来垃圾会让动物接触到非自然的食物，进而改变它们的行为，有时还会带来灾难性的后果，比如尝到垃圾味道的熊会对人类构成威胁。故选A。
9.答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据文章最后一段““It’s just such a hard thing to resist, “says Blye. The risk to sensitive ecosystems isn’t obvious. “It’s easy to think, oh, there’s wildflowers over there. I shouldn’t step on that, “says Blye, but these tiny ecosystems full of microscopic organisms essential to desert life provide many benefits, including reducing the risk of erosion(侵蚀)and helping absorb rainfall, and can take hundreds of years to return to its original state.(“这真的很难抗拒，”Blye说。对敏感生态系统造成的风险并不明显。“很容易想到，哦，那边有野花。我不应该踩到它们，”Blye说，但这些充满了对沙漠生命至关重要的微生物的微小生态系统有很多益处，包括降低侵蚀风险和帮助吸收降雨，而且可能需要数百年才能恢复到原来的状态。)”可知，Blye说人们看到拍照机会很难抗拒，对敏感生态系统的风险并不明显。人们很容易想到那边有野花不应该踩到，但这些对沙漠生命至关重要的微小生态系统有很多益处，而且需要数百年才能恢复到原来的状态。所以作者在第五段提到野花是为了表明我们对大自然敏感性的无意识。故选D。
10.答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，文章开篇以一袋薯片扰乱洞穴生态系统为例，接着讲述了食物垃圾、生物垃圾等人类在公共土地上留下的废弃物对生态系统的危害，如改变动物行为、引入有害细菌等，还提到游客踏出小径拍照等行为对自然和野生动物造成长期损害，强调了人类活动对自然环境的不良影响。所以文章传达的是我们应该在野外不留下痕迹。故选B。
四、
11.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段“After more than half a century of forest plantation, people who have come to Saihanba can hardly imagine the arid (干旱) scene. Occasionally, a gust of wind passes by, and they would just sigh and shout how strong the wind is, but they would not feel sandblasted (喷砂).(经过半个多世纪的森林种植，来到塞罕坝的人几乎无法想象那里干旱的景象。偶尔，一阵风吹过，他们只是叹息，喊着风有多大，却不觉得被喷沙了)。”可知，沙漠化已被控制。故选B。
12.答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第五段“Only by enjoying loneliness can they keep this forest safe and sound. (只有享受孤独，他们才能守护森林。)”可知，护林员长期驻守瞭望塔，忍受孤独，体现了他们孤独但尽责。故选D。
13.答案：C
解析：词义猜测题。根据最后一段划线词后文“Only in this way can the nutrient area be expanded and diseased plants also be removed to ensure the healthy development of the forest areas.(只有这样，才能扩大营养面积，也才能清除病株，保证林区的健康发展。)”可知，这种方式可以清除病死的苗木，使树苗数量减少，由此可以推断“thinning”指减少树木的数量，选项C“Making something less thick or dense. (降低某物的厚度或密度。)”，与“减少数量”含义接近。故选C。
14.答案：D
解析：主旨大意题。根据首段“From Beijing, more than 400 kilometers away, all the way up north, the temperature gradually drops. (从北京向北400多公里，气温逐渐降低。随着防火预警的发布，被誉为“人间奇迹”的塞罕坝映入眼帘。)”及最后一段“Saihanba today is not only a "green Great Wall" for windbreak and sand fixation (固化), but also a timber (林木)source. (如今的塞罕坝不仅是防风固沙的“绿色长城”，也是重要的林木来源。)”可知，塞罕坝通过植树造林和护林员努力，从沙漠变为生态屏障，这里指护林员和森林都是绿色守护者。选项D“The Green Guardian (绿色卫士)”即可以指森林，也可以指护林员，一语双关，适合做标题。故选D。
五、
15.答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段In 2011, Bob Pickart, a physical oceanographer at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, discovered an unexpected current flowing in the opposite direction while studying water flow in the Denmark Strait between Greenland and Iceland. This mystery puzzled him for over a decade. (2011年，伍兹霍尔海洋研究所的物理海洋学家鲍勃·皮卡特在研究格陵兰和冰岛之间的丹麦海峡的水流时，发现了一股意外的反向流动的洋流。这个谜题困扰了他十多年)可知，文章开篇指出理解海洋洋流对预测气温变暖如何影响地球至关重要，接着提到Bob Pickart的发现，其目的是通过这个例子来引出理解海洋洋流的重要性这一句。故选D。
16.答案：B
解析：主旨大意题。根据第三段The AMOC acts like an ocean conveyor belt; however, climate models predict that it may slow down or collapse due to rising global temperatures. This disorder could lead to severe consequences: northern Europe could experience sharp temperature drops, sea levels could rise further along the U. S. coast, and monsoon (季风) patterns in the southern hemisphere might shift dramatically.(AMOC就像一个海洋传送带；然而，气候模型预测，由于全球气温上升，它可能会减缓甚至崩溃。这种紊乱可能导致严重的后果：北欧可能会经历急剧的气温下降，美国海岸的海平面可能进一步上升，南半球的季风模式也可能发生显著变化)可知，该段先是介绍了AMOC的作用，然后指出气候模型预测它可能因全球气温上升而减速或崩溃，接着阐述了这种变化可能导致的严重后果。所以该段主要讲的是AMOC变化的潜在后果。故选B。
17.答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据第五段We don’t have confidence in predicting when a tipping point will occur,” he stated. However, Dey emphasizes the importance of preparing for potential changes.("我们无法确定何时会发生临界点，"他说道。然而，Dey强调了为潜在变化做好准备的重要性)可知，Dipanjan Dey认为由于缺乏长期观测，对于预测AMOC的转折点何时出现没有信心，即不确定；但同时他强调了为潜在变化做准备的重要性。故选A。
18.答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段Pickart aims to understand the IFSJ’s origins and its relationship with the AMOC to help fill data gaps. “We need to comprehend how this system operates before we can fully grasp how it will change with climate warming,” he concluded. (皮卡特旨在了解冰岛法罗斜坡急流的起源及其与AMOC的关系，以帮助填补数据空白。"我们需要先理解这个系统是如何运作的，然后才能完全掌握它在气候变暖的情况下将如何变化，"他总结道)可知，理解这个系统对于预测未来变化至关重要。故选C。
六、
19.答案：B
解析：推理判断题。从第一段中的"However, too few realize that unless you’ re paying close attention, most of your wardrobe contains a whole lot of plastic.(然而，很少有人意识到，除非你密切关注，否则你的大部分衣柜里都有很多塑料。)”可知，塑料在衣物中广泛存在，很少有人意识到，因此推断塑料在我们的衣服中被广泛使用。故选B项。
20.答案：D
解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词前的" The market price for synthetic fibers is significantly less compared to natural fibers, creating a huge incentive for fashion brands to find ways to replace traditionally used natural fibers with synthetic ones. (与天然纤维相比，合成纤维的市场价格要低得多，这为时尚品牌寻找用合成纤维替代传统使用的天然纤维的方法提供了巨大的……。)”可知，合成纤维价格低，所以品牌有动机去替换天然纤维。故划线词与D选项“Motivation.(动机/动力)”为同义词。故选D项。
21.答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据文章第四段中的"But the problem is, our plastic-based textile (纺织品) economy has led to unsustainable overproduction of clothing that is unhealthy for our communities and our ecosystems. And plastic clothing is still going to impact our health and have a lasting effect on the environment.(但问题是，我们以塑料为基础的纺织经济导致了不可持续的服装生产过剩，这对我们的社区和生态系统都是不健康的。塑料衣服仍然会影响我们的健康，对环境产生持久的影响。)”可知，作者认为以塑料为基础的纺织经济导致服装过度生产，对环境和个人造成伤害。由此可以推断出，作者对塑料衣服持反对态度。B选项“Negative.(消极的)”符合题意。故选B项。
22.答案：C
解析：主旨大意题。根据第一段中的" However, too few realize that unless you’ re paying close attention, most of your wardrobe contains a whole lot of plastic.(然而，很少有人意识到，除非你特别注意，否则你的衣橱里大部分衣服都含有大量塑料)”以及下文的讲述可知，全文围绕“服装中含塑料”展开，强调其普遍性及危害，讲述了塑料在衣物中的广泛使用及其带来的问题，C选项" Your Clothes Are Made from Plastic (你的衣服是塑料做的)”概括文章主要内容，符合标题。故选C项。
七、
23.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中"However, Eco-Warriors, a recycling program at three urban schools, is making strides. Led by environmental educator Mark Thompson, the program aims to instill a sense of environmental responsibility in students from a young age.(然而，Eco-Warriors项目正在三所城市学校中取得显著进展。该项目是一个回收计划，由环境教育家马克·汤普森领导，旨在从小培养学生的环境责任感)”可知，Mark Thompson领导着Eco-Warriors这个项目，也就是他发起了这个项目。故选B。
24.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中Thompson’s students come from areas where trash litters the streets, and recycling bins are a rarity. “Many of these kids have never been taught the importance of recycling,” Thompson says. “When we started, they thought recycling was just an extra chore, and they didn’t see the point."(汤普森的学生来自垃圾遍布街道、回收箱稀少的地区。“这些孩子中的许多人从来没有被教过回收的重要性，”汤普森说，“当我们开始时，他们认为回收只是额外的杂务，他们不明白其中的意义。”)”可知，最初Thompson面临的挑战是学生对回收利用缺乏兴趣，认为这是额外的琐事且看不到意义。故选B。
25.答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第五段中“Moreover, the program has positively influenced students’ behavior beyond recycling. Teachers have noticed a decline in littering around the school and an increase in environmental club memberships.(此外，该项目不仅对学生的回收行为产生了积极影响，还影响了他们其他方面的行为。老师们注意到，学校周围的乱扔垃圾现象有所减少，而环保俱乐部的会员数量则有所增加)”可知，这个项目让学生更多地参与到了环保活动中，学校周围乱扔垃圾的现象减少，环保俱乐部成员增加。故选C。
26.答案：C
解析：主旨大意题。根据第一段"Teaching kids to care for the environment is no easy task. However, Eco-Warriors, a recycling program at three urban schools, is making strides. Led by environmental educator Mark Thompson, the program aims to instill a sense of environmental responsibility in students from a young age.(教育孩子关心环境绝非易事。然而，Eco-Warriors项目正在三所城市学校中取得显著进展。该项目是一个回收计划，由环境教育家马克·汤普森领导，旨在从小培养学生的环境责任感)”以及结合全文可知，本文主要说明了Eco-Warriors项目如何教孩子们回收的价值，该项目包括实践活动，比如对可回收物进行分类，用回收物品创作艺术品，参观当地的回收工厂等等。由此可知，C选项“Teaching Kids to Recycle(教孩子回收利用)”最适合作为文章标题。故选C。
八、
27.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中“They sorted trash into color-coded bins — blue for glass, green for aluminum, and gray for non-recyclables. (他们将垃圾分类到颜色编码的回收箱——蓝色装玻璃，绿色装铝制品，灰色装不可回收物)”可知，志愿者在清理过程中把铝罐放在绿色的回收箱里。故选B项。
28.答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中“Maria wiped tears while apes held onto trees being cut down. “We must act,” Mike urged. The club launched “Project Releaf” selling seed paper bookmarks and organizing “Bike-to-School Fridays” Funds planted 45 oak saplings.(当猿猴抓住被砍倒的树时，玛丽亚擦干眼泪。“我们必须采取行动，”迈克敦促道。该俱乐部发起了“Releaf项目”，出售种子纸书签，并组织了“周五自行车上学”基金，种植了45棵橡树树苗)”可知，第三段描述观看纪录片后，Maria流泪，随后俱乐部发起“Project Releaf”种树和骑行活动，这些细节表明纪录片激发了情感共鸣（empathy）并促使实际行动（practical actions）。故选D项。
29.答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中“Displaying jars of 1, 800 plastic forks collected monthly, he faced cost objections. “ego-cutlery costs 25 % more,” the manager argued. Determined, Mike presented long-term savings charts. After six debates and 500 + signature, ego-friendly utensils (餐具) were approved.(他展示了每月收集的1800个塑料叉子罐，面临着成本方面的反对。这位经理辩称：“生态餐具的价格要贵25%。”迈克下定决心，拿出了长期储蓄图表。经过六次辩论和500多个签名，自我友好型餐具获得批准。)”可知，经理首先强调成本增加，而非环保价值，但Mike通过展示长期节约图表说服了他，表明经理最初更关注短期成本而非长期效益。故选C项。
30.答案：A
解析：推理判断题。通读全文可知，Mike在清理公园、推动种树和食堂改革中多次面临阻力（如天气、成本争议），但始终坚持并成功实现目标，这体现了他“坚持不懈”（Persistent）的品质。故选A项。

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