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北京市东城区2025年高三一模英语试卷
本试卷共11页，共100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 知识运用(共两节，30分)
第一节 完形填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Rebecca remembers the first time she was upset by the sight of hundreds of roses. It was after a wedding reception last year as she was cleaning up the room.
“Nobody had 1 for what to do with all of the flowers after the wedding. We collected as many as we could in our cars, but there were so many left over. When we were throwing all these roses into trash bags, I felt 2 about the waste,” said Rebecca.
Late last year, Rebecca and her friend Laura Rut h both were mourning (悼念)their fathers when they began talking about the flowers that they received. The flowers were a 3 , but made them think about the nationwide problem of floral waste. Then, they started a nonprofit, Friendly City Florals, to reuse flowers 4 from weddings and floral shops in the area. “We've put the 5 out everywhere that if you have too many flowers and don't know what to do with them, we'll 6 them off your hands,” Rebecca said.
They now devote several days a week to picking up flowers, freshening and delivering them to senior care homes, hospitals and schools in their area. The donated flowers are 7 welcome at the Community Retirement Centre. “It's a 8 way to give our residents joy and purpose. Seeing all those flowers instantly brightens up their day,” the centre's manager said.
Rebecca and Laura are not the first to 9 flowers: A Virginia doctor collects flowers and donates them to her hospital patients. But the pair hope the idea 10 even more around the country.
“If our flowers give one person a few moments of happiness on a difficult day, then it's all worthwhile,” Rebecca said.
1. A. paid B. applied C. hoped D. planned
2. A. confused B. impatient C. terrible D. curious
3. A. symbol B. comfort C. reminder D. wonder
4. A. purchased B. borrowed C. separated D. donated
5. A. word B. signal C. effort D. task
6. A. set B. take C. hold D. keep
7. A. still B. already C. always D. even
8. A. funny B. creative C. traditional D. formal
9. A. exhibit B. preserve C. harvest D. repurpose
10. A. catches on B. comes up C. runs off D. stands out
第二节 语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分)
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
A
After a weekend trip, my friend and I 11 (drive) home when a blue car suddenly pulled up beside us at a stoplight. A woman and her little daughter excitedly told us shoes had flown 12 our car! We realized our other friend must have left them on the roof. We thanked them and went back to search, 13 we couldn't find the shoes until the same car reappeared! These kind strangers had circled back, 14 (spot) shoes and even picking them up for us. Their unexpected effort to help us out made our day.
B
Researchers have discovered that dogs can identify the voices of different members of their human family. The research team tested 31 pet dogs. Three human caretakers of each dog 15 (ask) to record their voices. Then they sat quietly in front of the dog while the recording played. The dogs usually approached— or at least spent more time looking at—— the person 16 voice they heard. Experts hope to study whether other mammals have this skill, so they can better understand 17 different species learn to communicate with each other.
C
AI and learning have a powerful and collaborative relationship. AI acts as a smart tool, personalizing lessons 18 (match) each student's pace and needs, which makes learning more effective. It also supports teachers by automating tasks like grading, allowing them to focus more on instruction and student interaction. However, it is important to use AI responsibly—— it should complement, not replace, the role of teachers and students. Ensuring 19 (fair), privacy, and ethical use is essential. When 20 (use) wisely, AI can transform education for the better.
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，38分)
第一节 (共14小题；每小题2分，共28分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
The app store is flooded with astronomy-based apps that can help guide you towards celestial(天体的) wonders. But what if you' re ready to look deeper into the night sky using a telescope Nobody wants to make a big investment, and then aimlessly scan the stars trying to find an object. Help is needed. Thankfully, there is a solution to that.
Celestar is a leader in the world of telescopes and its StarSmart Explorer app and dock have been designed to run on its telescopes. The free StarSmart Explorer app uses information based on precise location and time to tell you which stars and planets can be seen in the night sky.
How it works
Connect the phone with the telescope and select your intended celestial target. The phone will be held over an integrated mirror, so that star patterns can reflect off the mirror and into the phone's camera. StarSmart Explorer processes the information and your telescope will adjust accordingly, placing the target in the middle.
As well as locating your desired target, StarSmart Explorer holds detailed information about your chosen object. Listen to an audio presentation while you observe. The app will even give you observing tips on how to get the best view.
Why it's special
Most astronomy apps use a smartphone's compass to estimate its position. The pointing accuracy of a smartphone has margin for error. Precision matters when it comes to stargazing.
StarSmart Explorer is the only astronomy app to use modern plate solving technology to find its target, and it claims a typical pointing accuracy of 0,25°, The app takes a picture of the night sky and matches the star pattern within the image to its internal database. It's similar, in essence, to facial recognition.
Plate solving would normally require specialised technology, such as sensitive imaging camera, lens and astronomical software, all at great cost. The StarSmartExplorer app is free and works well with StarSmart Explorer telescopes, starting from 299.99.
If you' re ready to take a deeper dive into astronomy, Celestar's StarSmartExplorer technology will make a fine companion. You can discover more at www./starsmart.
21. StarSmart Explorer can help_________.
A. decide observation duration B. locate stars precisely
C. record information on stars D. find unknown planets
22. StarSmart Explorer is unique because_________.
A. it matches different types of telescopes
B. it uses a smartphone's built-in compass
C. it is powered by advanced technology
D. it is equipped with the latest database
23. What is the purpose of this passage
A. To introduce a set of equipment. B. To promote a stargazing product.
C. To recommend a science project. D. To present an astronomical discovery.
B
I was in a tiny plane with skydivers in their 70s and 80s, and I was distracted.
The reporter in me was trying to remember everything; the preflight rituals(仪式);the jokes; the way the jumpers checked their instruments. The rest of me was focused on the fact that in a few minutes, I would jump out of a plane flying 12,500 feet above the ground.
I was reporting on West Ways, a group of skydivers in their late 50s to early 90s. The group was started in 1987 by Ms. West and her husband, and members have jumped together about once a month ever since. This Sunday, they were celebrating their holiday party, which included a gift exchange and a 28-point formation in free fall.
As we reached altitude, Mr. West went over the jump formation once more before leading the group in a cheer for my jump. It was time. One by one they jumped. In the air, they grabbed hold of one another, forming the shape of a snowflake.
Then it was my turn. Mr. Diaz edged me forward. I took a deep breath. And on the count of three, we leaped into free fall. I had never been so aware of my senses: I felt the cold air against my face and the wind pushing back my arms and legs. After a few seconds, I was able to look around. After a few minutes, we landed. The members of West Ways cheered and clapped me on the back as I tried to catch my breath.
Over the next six hours, I interviewed them as they did two more jumps. (I stayed firmly on the ground.) I heard tales about first kisses in free fall and parachuting (跳伞)into weddings. What struck me wasn't the extraordinary physical accomplishment,
but how a long-standing, active community offers a way for those in it to age gracefully.
I don't know whether I'll skydive again. But I hope that when I'm 80, I can regularly experience a suspension of time with people I've known for decades, before we parachute back down to earth.
24. What do we know about West Ways
A. They make jumping a routine.
B. They are well trained professionals.
C. They set an age limit to new members.
D. They are famous for their diving patterns.
25. Why did the author join West Ways that day
A. To celebrate a holiday. B. To try a sport.
C. To care for the elderly. D. To cover a story.
26. What impressed the author most about West Ways
A. Their optimistic attitude. B. Their lifelong bond.
C. Their physical achievements. D. Their remarkable skills.
C
Anyone with insomnia knows the impatience and frustration that accompanies sleeplessness. You long for a button that could instantly dampen all that mental activity. The idea of a mental switch is not far-fetched. Most neuroscientists now agree that our wakefulness is coordinated by a tiny bundle of neurons(一小束神经元) known as the “locus coeruleus”(LC), Latin for “blue dot”.
It is a literal description: the neurons in the locus coeruleus have the blue colour from the production of a particular neurotransmitter, called norepinephrine. Norepinephrine raises the chance that a neuron will “fire” with an electric current. When they become active, cells in the locus coeruleus pass bundles of this neurotransmitter along their projections to other regions of the brain—— enhancing the communication between the neurons in that area.
There are slight differences in the process. Depending on the types of receptors they have, some neurons are more sensitive to smaller amounts of norepinephrine, while others only respond to higher thresholds. This means that, as the locus coeruleus activity rises, it will start to affect some brain areas more than others, which can have dramatic effects on things like our focus, concentration and creativity.
Given the blue dot's role, it makes sense that it would be quietest at night during sleep. It is not entirely silent, however, but fires occasionally— and recent research by Anita Lüthi at the University of Lausanne suggests that this activity may determine the quality of our sleeps.
Across the night, we alternate between different sleep stages. There is “rapid eye movement” (REM) sleep, which is associated with vivid dreaming and is thought to be crucial for processing and consolidating memories. Much of our rest, however, is spent in non-REM (NREM) sleep, during which the brain may engage in a deep clean, clearing away cellular waste.
Measuring brain activity in dozing mice, Anita found NREM sleep was associated with temporary bursts of locus coeruleus activity every 50 seconds. As a result, the animal was more sensitive to outside stimuli, like noises— without fully waking. “It's generating this state of enhanced vigilance (警觉),” Anita says. “It really gives you this idea that wakefulness can be graded in the brain.”
The beginning of REM sleep was almost always associated with low locus coeruleus activity. “That transition to REM sleep has to be very well controlled,” says Anita, “because in REM sleep, we have atonia.” That's the temporary paralysis(麻痹) of our body, which prevents us from physically acting out our dreams.
Anita emphasises that her experiments were conducted in mice, so we still need to confirm that the blue dot plays a similar role in human sleep. If so, she suspects that altered locus coeruleus activity could be implicated in conditions— such as anxiety— that may contribute to disordered sleep. She found that exposing her laboratory mice to mild sources of stress— such as knocking on their cage— raised the blue dot's activity and increased their vigilance throughout the night, resulting in fragmented sleep.
27. What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 2 refer to
A. Neurons. B. Electric currents.
C. Projections. D. Neurotransmitters.
28. According to the passage, what is the role of the LC
A. Producing receptors. B. Preserving cell sensitivity.
C. Monitoring brain activity. D. Improving neural connectivity.
29. Which of the following may Anita Lüthi agree with
A. The blue dot fires regularly at night.
B. Stress has an impact on the LC activity.
C. Low LC activity can help clean cellular waste.
D. Atonia results from sudden bursts of brain activity.
30. What might be the next step of the research
A. Grading the wakefulness of human brains.
B. Unlocking the mechanism of sleep disorder.
C. Assessing the function of the blue dot on humans.
D. Identifying approaches to altering the LC activity.
D
Years after my art history class, I am insufferable at museums. “That's definitely a Matisse,” I say. “You can tell because of the brushwork and the use of colour.” Sometimes it is not a Matisse but oftentimes it is.
It is unsettling to learn, then, that for all of my carefully won art appreciation, I am in danger of being surpassed by an insect. In a recent study, honeybees— whose brains are the size of grass seeds—— were shown Picassos and Monets paired side by side. Below the prints were two small containers, one containing sugar water and the other nothing at all.
Which to enter Bees couldn't see or smell whether a given container held the treat until they'd already flown inside it. But they could let the masterpieces guide them: for some bees, the reward was always under the Picasso, while for the rest it was under the Monet. Over the course of many trials, the bees learned to fly straight for the correct container. Indeed, they even performed slightly better than chance when faced with pairs of paintings they'd never seen before. The bees had learned to discriminate, however modestly, between the two artists' styles.
To be sure, humans still have the edge. Last year a team of researchers led by Liane Gabora found that art students were perfectly capable of identifying which well-known artist was behind which unknown painting. Creative writing students were similarly excellent at spotting little-read passages by Hemingway or Dickens—a skill I can only assume no honeybee has yet demonstrated.
Even more impressively, though, the students could recognize as-yet-unseen samples of each other's work, including work in entirely different mediums. Creative writers could identify their fellow writers' paintings and sketches; painters had a pretty good idea who'd brought which poem or clay pot.
It's clear what the bees were doing: picking up and categorizing complex visual patterns in the pairs of images. But recognizing differences across mediums is altogether different. Whether we' re writing poems or building sculptures, Gabora argues, we' re doing so with the same mind: one that structures information in the same way, has been shaped by the same experiences, and longs to express the same ideas. Naturally, our techniques and preoccupations in one domain should “out” us in another.
But still I wonder: Just what about these techniques and preoccupations did the trick The researchers did their best to keep subject matter from ruling the day by instructing, for instance, artists who happened to be surfers not to bring in art that depicted(描绘) surfing. But what of less obvious subject matter— like Western landscapes And what of the obsessions that come into our work unawares A correlational study like this one will not answer these questions.
Perhaps my biggest question has to do with people who don't identify as artists, and haven't settled— or at least would claim so— on a personal style. Are their creations also a reflection of their worldview It seems likely that, at least to some extent, bad art is all alike, while only good art is good in its own way.
31. Why does the author mention bees
A. To present an example. B. To put forward a theory.
C. To draw out a comparison. D. To highlight a research finding.
32. Why does the author think humans still have the edge
A. Because we can transfer our experiences.
B. Because we can discriminate styles.
C. Because we can categorize patterns.
D. Because we can learn from trials.
33. What does the underlined word “out” in Paragraph 6 probably mean
A. Assist. B. Trick. C. Beat. D. Expose.
34. What might be the best title for the passage
A. Will Bees Beat Humans
B. How Will You View a View
C. Why Good Art Works Wonders
D. What Makes Hemingway Hemingway
第二节 (共5小题；每小题2分，共10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Voice notes are a highly divisive medium of communication. There are those, like me, who enjoy both leaving and listening to them; and then there are those who dislike them and feel very strongly about that. 35 A poll found that 62% of Americans have sent voice notes, and about 30% communicate this way on a regular basis. But even the voice note lovers among us have our limits. All of us know a voice note bore. And it is time to establish some ground rules.
The first rule: only ever leave voice notes for someone that you are confident likes you. 36 It is also somewhat self-indulgent (我行我素). While a spot of self-indulgence can be healthy, it is unreasonable to expect someone who dislikes you to indulge you.
Never give complicated instructions in a voice note. 37 If you end up leaving a long voice note that contains a mixture of key information and other bits, follow it up with a text that gives the other person the important stuff, so they' re not forced to listen straight away.
38 Leaving a voice note that is under 10 seconds long—— unless you are funny or the other person likes you—— is annoying. Type it out instead.
Follow the other person's cues. If they are responding to your eight-minute specials with one-minute voice messages, take the hint. Also, if your message is longer than about four minutes, you should be open to the possibility that the other person is going to take a long time to listen and respond. If your message is upwards of 10 minutes, they might never listen to it. ___39___
All you need do, really, is remember to use a bit of common sense. Modern innovations need not negate good old-fashioned manners.
A. Be at peace with that.
B. Be responsive and informative.
C. You need not keep your messages too short.
D. It seems the haters are losing the battle, though.
E. A voice note is a demand on someone else's time.
F. It suggests limiting voice notes to less than two minutes.
G. These should be typed out so the other person can refer back.
第三部分 书面表达(共两节，32分)
第一节 (共4小题;第40、41题各2分,第42题3分,第43题5分,共12分)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
Picture this: Your team is racing against time to submit a new proposal. You finally manage to put all the documents together. The proposal looks great and you' re confident that you'll probably win it. A week later, you get an email: “We really liked your proposal, but we found a mistake in it. So…” You' re frustrated and angry. You call your team in, blame them for not checking the documents carefully, and storm out of the room. What's the possible result Your team probably thinks you' re thankless and unkind. Your relationship may be damaged.
A study shows that the brain responds more strongly to bad experiences than good ones. The authors concluded that, “Good can only match or overcome bad by strength of numbers.” How much good can overcome bad Five positive experiences are about equal to one negative one.
We are all naturally wired to blame other people or circumstances when things go wrong. This is partially psychological, driven by the fundamental attribution bias. We tend to believe that what people do reflects who they are, rather than considering there may be other factors influencing their behaviour.
There is also a biological explanation. Recent research shows that positive events are processed by the prefrontal cortex (大脑皮层), which takes a while and tends to conclude that good things happen by luck. Negative events, on the other hand, are processed by the amygdala, which controls our fight-or-flight response. The amygdala usually concludes that bad things happen on purpose, and it comes to this conclusion lightning fast. So fast that we don't even notice we' re making an assumption; we just know that the person closest to the problem must have done it on purpose!
This leads to the second problem with blame— we don't notice how often we do it. This can be damaging. Our brains interpret blame the same way they interpret a physical attack. When we are blamed, our prefrontal cortices effectively shut down and direct all our energy to defending ourselves, which impacts our ability to solve the problem for which we are being blamed.
Now that we better understand the psychology behind blame, what can we do to promote a blame-free culture
40. What might be the result when you blame others for a team failure
41. What are Paragraphs 3 and 4 mainly about
42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
When we are blamed, our prefrontal cortices will effectively shut down and direct our efforts to reviewing the problem.
43. What can you do to help build a blame-free culture in daily life
(In about 40 words)
第二节 (20分)
假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的外国好友 Jim打算参加“我眼中的孔子(Confucius in My Eyes)”全球原创作品征集活动,来信询问你的建议。请用英语给他回复一封电子邮件，内容包括：
1.提出建议；
2.说明理由。
注意:1.词数100 左右;
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
Yours,
Li Hua
(请务必将作文写在答题卡指定区域内)
参考答案
第一部分 知识运用(共两节，30分)
第一节 完形填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分)
1. D 2. C 3. B 4. D 5. A
6. B 7. C 8. B 9. D 10. A
第二节 语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分)
11. were driving 12. off 13. but 14. spotting 15. were asked
16. whose 17. how 18. to match 19. fairness 20. used
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，38分)
第一节 (共14小题；每小题2分，共28分)
21. B 22. C 23. B 24. A 25. D
26. B 27. A 28. D 29. B 30. C
31. C 32. A 33. D 34. D
第二节 (共5小题；每小题2分，共10分)
35. D 36. E 37. G 38. C 39. A
第三部分 书面表达(共两节，32分)
第一节 (12分)
40. Your relationship may be damaged.
41. The psychological and biological reasons why we tend to blame others.
42. When we are blamed, our prefrontal cortices will effectively shut down and direct our efforts to reviewing the problem.
When we are blamed, our prefrontal cortices will effectively shut down and direct our energy to defending ourselves.
43. 略。
第二节 (20分)
参考范文：
Dear Jim,
Glad to receive your email. What an exciting activity! Here is my idea.
I'm thinking you can make a short animation film. The film will focus on your understanding of Confucius’ philosophy. You can show how his ideas, like kindness, influence us teenagers to share, help each other, and build warm friendships, making school life more enjoyable. Even better, you can start a “kindness challenge” to encourage friends to do something nice every day and record their good deeds.
The fresh perspective will help people realize the everlasting value of Confucius' ideas. I am sure it will make a great entry. Good luck!
Yours,
Li Hua

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