资源简介

2024-2025学年第二学期
人教版七年级英语下册知识点梳理
Unit 1: Animal Friends
Core Focus: Talking about animals, expressing likes and dislikes, giving reasons, describing animals, and understanding the importance of animals.
Big Question: Why are animals important
词汇
fox /f ks/ n. 狐狸
giraffe /d rɑ f/ n. 长颈鹿
eagle / i ɡl/ n. 雕；鹰
wolf /w lf/ n. (pl. wolves /w lvz/) 狼
penguin / pe ɡw n/ n. 企鹅
care /ke (r)/ n. 照顾；护理 / v. 关心；在乎
sandwich / s nw t ; s nw d / n. 三明治
snake /sne k/ n. 蛇
scary / ske ri/ adj. 吓人的；恐怖的 (关联词: scare v. 惊吓)
neck /nek/ n. 脖子 (like a giraffe's long neck!)
guess /ɡes/ v. 猜测；估计
shark / ɑ k/ n. 鲨鱼
whale /we l/ n. 鲸
huge /hju d / adj. 巨大的；极多的 (like an elephant!) (同义: big, large)
dangerous / de nd r s/ adj. 危险的；有危害的 (关联词: danger n. 危险)
save /se v/ v. 救；储蓄；保存
luck /l k/ n. 幸运；运气 (关联词: lucky adj. 幸运的)
Thai /ta / adj. 泰国的；泰国人的 / n. 泰国人；泰语
trunk /tr k/ n. 象鼻
pick /p k/ v. 捡；摘
carry / k ri/ v. 拿；提
playful / ple fl/ adj. 爱嬉戏的；爱玩的
swimmer / sw m (r)/ n. 游泳者 ♀ ♂ (关联词: swim v. 游泳)
culture / k lt (r)/ n. 文化；文明
however /ha ev (r)/ adv. 然而；不过 (shows contrast)
danger / de nd (r)/ n. 危险 (关联词: dangerous adj. 危险的)
forest / f r st/ n. 森林
kill /k l/ v. 杀死；弄死
ivory / a v ri/ n. 象牙 (Elephant tusks are made of ivory)
friendly / frendli/ adj. 友好的 (反义: unfriendly)
quite /kwa t/ adv. 相当；完全
fur /f (r)/ n. （动物浓厚的）软毛 (like on a cat or dog)
blind /bla nd/ adj. 瞎的；失明的
hearing / h r / n. 听力；听觉 (关联词: hear v. 听见)
Antarctica / n tɑ kt k / n. 南极洲
Africa / fr k / n. 非洲
Malee /mɑ li / n. 马莉 (a name)
Thailand / ta l nd/ n. 泰国
短语
take care of - 照顾；处理 (e.g., Wolves take care of their babies.)
pick up - 拿起；举起 (e.g., Elephants can pick up heavy things with their trunks.)
one another - 互相；彼此 (e.g., Elephants look after one another.)
look after - 照顾 (Similar to 'take care of')
in danger - 处于危险之中 (e.g., Some animals are in danger.)
cut down - 砍伐；减少 (e.g., People cut down too many trees.)
too many - 太多 (used with countable nouns) (e.g., too many trees)
made of - 由……制成的 (e.g., things made of ivory)
quite a - 相当；非常 (e.g., quite a big dog)
not … at all - 一点也不；完全不 ♀ (e.g., She is not scary at all.)
symbol of - ...的象征 (e.g., a symbol of good luck)
look different from - 看上去和...不同 (e.g., Elephants look very different from other animals.)
part of - ...的一部分 (e.g., an important part of Thai life)
save the forests - 拯救森林
Every elephant counts. - 每只大象都重要/都算数。
语法聚焦
1.询问最爱 (Asking about Favorites):
结构: What's your favourite + noun (你最喜欢的...是什么？)
例句: What’s your favourite animal (你最喜欢的动物是什么？) It’s the monkey. (是猴子。)
2.询问原因 (Asking Why):
结构: Why + question (为什么...？)
例句: Why do you like penguins so much (你为什么这么喜欢企鹅？)
例句: Why don’t you like snakes (你为什么不喜欢蛇？)
3.用'Because'回答原因 (Giving Reasons with 'Because'):
结构: Because + subject + verb ... (因为...)
例句: Because they’re very cute! (因为它们非常可爱！)
例句: Because they’re really scary. (因为它们真的很吓人。)
4.询问来源 (Asking about Origin):
结构: Where + be + subject + from (...从哪里来？)
例句: Where are penguins from (企鹅来自哪里？) They’re from Antarctica. (它们来自南极洲。)
5.使用形容词描述 (Using Adjectives to Describe): /
（1）本单元常见形容词：clever (聪明的), funny (有趣的), cute (可爱的), smart (聪明的), interesting (有趣的), huge (巨大的), playful (爱玩的), kind (友善的), important (重要的), dangerous (危险的), scary (吓人的), lovely (可爱的), amazing (令人惊奇的), special (特别的), big (大的), strong (强壮的), national (国家的), different (不同的), large (大的), long (长的), great (伟大的/很棒的), heavy (重的), sleepy (困倦的), easy (容易的), blind (失明的)。
（2）位置：通常放在名词前 (a clever monkey - 一只聪明的猴子) 或系动词'be'之后 (Monkeys are clever - 猴子很聪明)。
（3）例句: They are huge. (它们很巨大。) They are very playful. (它们很爱玩。)
6.名词复数 (Plural Nouns):
（1）规则复数：加 -s (penguins, elephants, snakes) 或 -es (boxes, foxes)。
（2）不规则复数：wolf → wolves (狼)。 (其他常见不规则复数如 sheep→sheep (绵羊), child→children (孩子) 等也可能出现)。
重点句型与结构
1.询问最爱并回答：What's your favourite animal (你最喜欢的动物是什么？) It's the ... (是...)
2.询问喜欢的原因并回答：Why do you like ... (你为什么喜欢...？) Because they're ... / it's ... (因为它们/它...)
3.询问不喜欢的原因并回答：Why don't you like ... (你为什么不喜欢...？) Because they're ... / it's ... (因为它们/它...)
4.询问来源并回答：Where is/are ... from (...从哪里来？) It's/They're from ... (它/它们来自...)
5.表达喜欢及原因：I like ... because they're/it's ... (例如: I like elephants because they are strong and clever. 我喜欢大象，因为它们强壮又聪明。)
6.表达不喜欢及原因：I don't like ... because they're/it's ... (例如: I don’t like snakes because they’re really scary. 我不喜欢蛇，因为它们真的很吓人。)
7.描述动物：(Animal) is/are + adjective. (（动物）是 + 形容词。) (例如: They are huge. 它们很巨大。 Elephants are very kind. 大象非常友善。)
8.描述能力：(Animal) can + verb. (（动物）能 + 动词。) (例如: They can pick up heavy things. 它们能捡起重物。 They can swim fast. 它们能游得很快。) ♀
9.表达重要性/保护：Let's save ... (让我们拯救...) Every ... counts. (每一个...都很重要。) (例如: Let's save the forests. Every elephant counts. 让我们拯救森林。每只大象都弥足珍贵。)
Unit 2: No Rules, No Order
Core Focus: Talking about rules (school rules, library rules, etc.), understanding necessity and prohibition, using imperatives and modal verbs (can, must, have to).
Big Question: Why do we need rules (我们为什么需要规则？)
词汇
rule /ru l/ n. 规则；规章
order / d (r)/ n. 秩序；命令 / v. 点菜；命令 (No rules, no order. - 没有规矩，不成方圆。)
follow / f l / v. 遵循；跟随 ♀ ♂
arrive / ra v/ v. 到达
hallway / h lwe / n. 走廊 ♂ ♀
uniform / ju n f m/ n. 校服；制服
litter / l t (r)/ v. 乱扔 / n. 垃圾
polite /p la t/ adj. 有礼貌的 (反义: impolite)
treat /tri t/ v. 对待；招待；治疗 / n. 款待
respect /r spekt/ n. & v. 尊敬
if / f/ conj. 如果
jacket / d k t/ n. 夹克衫；短上衣
have to modal v. 不得不；必须 (表示客观需要)
everything / evriθ / pron. 每件事；一切
lend /lend/ v. 借给；借出 ♀ (反义: borrow 借入 ♀ )
sweet /swi t/ n. 糖果 / adj. 甜的
snack /sn k/ n. 点心；小吃
mobile / m ba l/ adj. 可移动的 ♂ (关联词: mobile phone 手机)
queue /kju / n. 队(伍) ♀ ♂ ♀ ♂
feed /fi d/ v. 喂养；饲养
leave /li v/ v. 离开；留下 / (leaf的复数 leaves)
Dr (= doctor) /d kt (r)/ n. 博士；医生
either / a (r); i (r)/ adv. 也 (用于否定句末) ♀ ...too -> ♀ ...either
practise / pr kt s/ v. 训练；练习 (BrE spelling; AmE: practice)
hang /h / v. 悬挂；吊
weekday / wi kde / n. 工作日 (周一到周五) M-F
awful / fl/ adj. 糟糕的；讨厌的 (同义: terrible)
become /b k m/ v. 变成；成为
better / bet (r)/ adj. 较好的 / adv. 较好地 (good/well的比较级)
person / p sn/ n. 人 ♀ ♂ (Plural: people)
focus / f k s/ v. 集中(注意力、精力等)；聚焦
build /b ld/ v. 创建；建造
spirit / sp r t/ n. 精神；情绪；(复数)活力
relax /r l ks/ v. 放松；休息 ♀
advice / d va s/ n. 建议；意见 (不可数名词) (关联词: advise v. 建议)
understand / nd st nd/ v. 理解；领会
untidy / n ta di/ adj. 不整洁的 messy (反义: tidy 整洁的 )
absent / bs nt/ adj. 缺席的；不在的
shh / / (= sh) interj. 嘘 (安静！)
quietly / kwa tli/ adv. 轻声地；安静地 ♀ (关联词: quiet adj. 安静的)
belt /belt/ n. (安全)带；腰带；皮带
noise /n z/ n. 声音；噪声 (反义: quiet)
unhappy / n h pi/ adj. 不快乐的 (反义: happy)
Mary / me ri/ 玛丽
Tony / t ni/ 托尼
Anne / n/ 安妮
Eric / er k/ 埃里克
短语
late for - 为...迟到 ♀ (e.g., Don't be late for school. 上学别迟到。)
on time - 准时 (e.g., Arrive on time. 准时到达。)
of course - 当然；自然 (e.g., Of course, you can. 当然可以。)
mobile phone - 手机
turn off - 关掉(电源/设备) (e.g., Turn off your phone. 关掉你的手机。)
jump the queue - 插队；加塞 ♂ ♀ ♂
make sb's/the bed - 整理...的床铺 (e.g., I have to make my bed. 我得整理我的床。)
hang out - (非正式)闲逛；常去某处 (e.g., I hang out with friends on weekends. 我周末和朋友们一起玩。)
focus on - 集中(注意力/精力)于... (e.g., Focus on learning. 专注于学习。)
think about - 思考；考虑 (e.g., Think about the rules. 想想规则。)
absent from - 缺席... ♂ (e.g., He is absent from class today. 他今天没来上课。)
语法聚焦
1.祈使句 (Imperatives): 用于提出命令、请求、建议或指示，主语you通常省略。
（1）肯定形式: 动词原形开头。
例句: Arrive on time. (准时到达。)
例句: Keep your school clean and tidy. (保持你的学校干净整洁。)
例句: Be polite. (要有礼貌。)
（2）否定形式: Don't + 动词原形开头。
例句: Don't run in the hallways. (不要在走廊奔跑。)
例句: Don't be late for school. (上学不要迟到。)
例句: Don't litter. (不要乱扔垃圾。)
2.情态动词 (Modal Verbs) - 表规则、义务、许可、禁止:
（1）can / can't: 表示"能力"或"允许/不允许"。
允许: Can we drink water (我们能喝水吗？) Yes, of course. (当然可以。)
不允许 (禁止): We can't eat snacks in class. (我们不能在教室吃零食。) You can't use your phone in class. (你不能在教室里用手机。)
（2）must / mustn't: 表示"必须"(主观意愿或规定)或"禁止"(语气强硬)。
必须: We must keep the school clean and tidy. (我们必须保持学校干净整洁。)
禁止: You mustn't be late for class. (你绝不能上课迟到。) You mustn't litter. (你绝不能乱扔垃圾。)
（3）have to / don't have to: 表示"必须；不得不"(常指客观需要)或"不必"。have to有人称和数的变化 (has to)。
必须: I have to wear the uniform. (我必须穿校服。) He has to finish his homework first. (他必须先完成作业。)
不必: (本单元侧重have to, don't have to的"不必"概念区分于mustn't的"禁止"。例如：You don't have to bring food. 你不必带食物。)
关键句型与结构
1.陈述规则 (肯定)：
（1）We must / have to + verb. (我们必须...)
例句: We must arrive on time. (我们必须准时到达。)
例句: We have to wear the school uniform. (我们必须穿校服。)
（2）(祈使句) Verb ... (动词原形...)
例句: Keep the school clean. (保持学校清洁。)
例句: Be polite. (要有礼貌。)
2.陈述规则 (否定/禁止)：
（1）Don't + verb. (不要...)
例句: Don't run in the hallways. (不要在走廊里跑。)
例句: Don't eat in the classroom. (不要在教室里吃东西。)
（2）We mustn't / can't + verb. (我们不准/不能...)
例句: We mustn't be late for school. (我们上学不准迟到。)
例句: We can't use our phones in class. (我们不能在课堂上用手机。)
3.询问规则/许可：Can I / we + verb (我/我们能...吗 )
例句: Can we eat fruit in the classroom (我们能在教室吃水果吗？) Yes, we can. / No, we can't. (是的，可以。/ 不，不行。)
4.表达必须做某事：Subject + have to / has to + verb. (...必须...)
例句: Alice has to make her bed before breakfast. (爱丽丝早饭前必须整理床铺。)
例句: They have to keep their phones in their lockers. (他们必须把手机放在储物柜里。)
5.表达规则的重要性或原因：
例句: That shows respect for your class and teacher. (那表示对你的班级和老师的尊重。)
例句: It builds school spirit. (它能建立学校精神。)
例句: Rules can help you to become a better person. (规则能帮助你成为一个更好的人。)
Unit 3: Keep Fit ♀
Core Focus: Talking about sports and exercise habits, asking and stating frequency, using possessive pronouns and adverbs of frequency, understanding the benefits of exercise.
Big Question: How do we keep fit (我们如何保持健康？)
词汇
fit /f t/ adj. 健康的；健壮的 / v. 适合 (关联词: keep fit 保持健康)
baseball / be sb l/ n. 棒球 (运动)
glove /ɡl v/ n. (分指)手套 (如: baseball glove 棒球手套)
mat /m t/ n. (运动)垫子 (如: exercise mat 健身垫) ♀
rope /r p/ n. 绳子；粗绳
racket / r k t/ n. (网球、羽毛球等的) 球拍
hardly / hɑ dli/ adv. 几乎不 (带有否定意义)
ever / ev (r)/ adv. 在任何时候；从来；曾经
once /w ns/ adv. 一次；曾经 1 / conj. 一旦 (e.g., once you succeed 一旦你成功)
twice /twa s/ adv. 两次；两倍 2
mine /ma n/ pron. 我的 (名词性物主代词) ♀ 's
hers /h z; z/ pron. 她的 (名词性物主代词) ♀ 's (指女性)
maybe / me bi/ adv. 也许；大概 (Similar to: perhaps)
excuse / k skju z/ v. 原谅；宽恕
just /d st/ adv. 只是；正好；刚才
T-shirt / ti t/ n. T恤衫
belong /b l / v. 应在(某处)；属于...
working / w k / adj. 工作的 (关联词: work v./n. 工作)
energy / en d i/ n. 精力；能量 (关联词: energetic adj. 精力充沛的)
group /ɡru p/ n. 组；群
skateboard / ske tb d/ n. 滑板
encourage / n k r d / v. 鼓励；激励 (反义: discourage)
trick /tr k/ n. 技巧；戏法；诀窍
well-used / wel ju zd/ adj. 使用得多的；用旧了的
practice / pr kt s/ n. 练习；实践 (AmE: practice n./v.; BrE: practice n., practise v.)
perfect / p f kt/ adj. 完美的；极好的
seldom / seld m/ adv. 很少；不常 (频度副词)
badminton / b dm nt n/ n. 羽毛球运动
double / d bl/ n. 双打 (doubles) vs / adj. 成双的；两倍的
sometime / s mta m/ adv. 在某个时候 (将来或过去未定时间) (Distinguish from: sometimes 有时; some time 一段时间)
volleyball / v lib l/ n. 排球 (运动)
theirs / e z/ pron. 他们的，她们的，它们的 (名词性物主代词) 's/ 's/ 's
jog /d ɡ/ v. 慢跑 ♀ ♂
few /fju / adj. (表否定)很少的；几乎没有的 (修饰可数名词)
succeed /s k si d/ v. 成功；达到目标
skateboarding / ske tb d / n. 滑板运动
goal /ɡ l/ n. 目标；目的
sit-up / s t p/ n. 仰卧起坐 ♂
app / p/ (= application) n. 应用程序 (手机/电脑应用)
progress / pr ɡres/ n. 进步；进展 (关联词: make progress 取得进展)
match /m t / n. 比赛；竞赛
team /ti m/ n. 队；组
ours / a z; ɑ z/ pron. 我们的 (名词性物主代词) ♂ ♀ 's
lose /lu z/ v. 输掉；丢失 (反义: win)
teenager / ti ne d (r)/ n. 青少年 (13-19岁)
Steve /sti v/ 史蒂夫
短语
1.jump rope - 跳绳 (指运动或绳子) ♀
2.hardly ever - 几乎从不；很少 (频度 ≈ seldom/rarely)
3.excuse me - 劳驾；请原谅；对不起 (用于引起注意、打断、道歉等)
4.over there - 在那边
5.belong to - 属于 (某人/某物)
6.working day - 工作日
7.full of - 充满...；有许多... (e.g., full of energy 精力充沛)
8.a few - 一些；少数几个 (修饰可数名词，表肯定) (Contrast: few 几乎没有)
9.work out - 锻炼；健身 ♀
10.at least - 至少 (本单元虽未直接标出，但谈论频率时可能涉及)
11.once a week / twice a month / three times a year - 一周一次/一月两次/一年三次 (表示频率的短语)
语法聚焦
1.名词性物主代词 (Possessive Pronouns - Nominal): 表示所属关系，相当于"形容词性物主代词 + 名词"，其后不加名词。
形式：mine (我的), yours (你的/你们的), his (他的), hers (她的), its (它的, 罕用), ours (我们的), theirs (他们的/她们的/它们的)。
例句: Is this baseball glove yours (这棒球手套是你的吗？) Yes, that's mine. (是的，是我的。)
例句: Whose badminton racket is this (这是谁的羽毛球拍？) I think it's Han Lin's. (我想是韩林的。) His has "HL" on it. (他的上面有“HL”。) (注意这里 His 指 His racket)
例句: Maybe it's Yaming's. (也许是亚明的。) No, hers is at home. (不，她的在家。) (这里 hers 指 her racket)
2.频度副词 (Adverbs of Frequency): 表示动作发生的频率。
（1）常见频度副词 (按频率从高到低): always (总是 100%) > usually (通常) > often (经常) > sometimes (有时 50%) > seldom / hardly ever (很少；几乎从不) > never (从不 0%)。
（2）位置:通常放在实义动词之前：I usually play once or twice at weekends. (我通常在周末打一两次。) I seldom do, but I often play badminton. (我很少做，但我经常打羽毛球。)放在系动词(be)、助动词或情态动词之后：I'm never late for school. (我上学从不迟到。) (非本单元直接例句)
（3）hardly ever 和 seldom 意思相近，表示频率很低。never 表示从未发生。
3.询问频率 (Asking about Frequency):
（1）用 How often ... 提问。
例句: How often do you play football (你多久踢一次足球？)
（2）回答频率：
用频度副词：I hardly ever play it. (我几乎从不踢。)
用具体次数短语：I play it three times a week. (我一周踢三次。) Once or twice at weekends. (周末一两次。) Twice a week. (一周两次。)
用every + 时间名词: I exercise every day. (我每天锻炼。) (非本单元直接例句)
关键句型与结构
1.询问物品归属：
（1）Is this/that ... yours/his/hers/ours/theirs (这/那是你的/他的/她的/我们的/他们的...吗 )
例句: Is this football yours, Han Lin (韩林，这个足球是你的吗？)
（2）Whose ... is this/that (这/那是谁的...？)
例句: Whose baseball glove is this (这是谁的棒球手套？)
2.回答物品归属：
（1）Yes, it's mine/his/hers... (是的，是我的/他的/她的...)
例句: Yes, thank you. That's mine. (是的，谢谢你。那是我的。)
（2）No, it isn't mine/his/hers... It's ...'s. (不，不是我的/他的/她的... 是...的。)
例句: No, it isn't mine. Is it Ella's (不，不是我的。是埃拉的吗？) No, hers is at home. (不，她的在家。)
（3）I think it's ...'s. (我想是...的。)
例句: Ask Han Lin. I think it's his. (问问韩林。我想是他的。)
3.询问和回答做某事的频率：
（1）How often do you + verb (你多久做一次...？)
例句: How often do you play it (你多久玩一次它？)
（2）I + adverb of frequency + verb. (我 + 频度副词 + 动词。)
例句: I hardly ever play football. (我几乎从不踢足球。)
例句: I seldom do, but I often play badminton. (我很少做，但我经常打羽毛球。)
（3）I + verb + number + times + a + time period. (我 + 动词 + 次数 + a + 时间段。)
例句: I play football three times a week. (我一周踢三次足球。)
例句: I play it once or twice at weekends. (我周末打一两次。)
4.谈论锻炼习惯：
My favourite way of keeping fit is ... (我最喜欢的保持健康的方式是...)
It keeps me fit. (它让我保持健康。)
Practice makes perfect. (熟能生巧。)
Keeping fit is not that hard! (保持健康没那么难！)
Unit 4: Eat Well
Core Focus: Talking about food and meals (breakfast, lunch, dinner), discussing food preferences, making choices, ordering food, using countable and uncountable nouns, understanding healthy eating habits.
Big Question: How do we eat well (我们如何健康饮食？)
词汇
watermelon / w t mel n/ n. 西瓜
cabbage / k b d / n. 卷心菜
mutton / m tn/ n. 羊肉
cookie / k ki/ n. 曲奇饼 (英式；美式: biscuit)
onion / nj n/ n. 洋葱；葱头
dumpling / d mpl / n. 饺子
coffee / k fi/ n. 咖啡
bean /bi n/ n. 豆；豆荚
chip /t p/ n. 炸薯条 (usually plural: chips; AmE: French fries) / (土豆/木头)片、屑
salad / s l d/ n. 沙拉；色拉
porridge / p r d / n. 粥；麦片粥
waiter / we t (r)/ n. (男)服务员
taste /te st/ v. 有...味道；尝 / n. 味道；味觉
improve / m pru v/ v. 改进；改善
habit / h b t/ n. 习惯
fast food n. 快餐
salt /s lt; s lt/ n. 盐
fat /f t/ n. 脂肪 / adj. 肥胖的
weight /we t/ n. 体重；重量 ♀
hamburger / h mb ɡ (r)/ n. 汉堡包
cause /k z/ v. 造成；导致
heart /hɑ t/ n. 心脏；中心
balanced / b l nst/ adj. 均衡的；平衡的 (关联词: balance n./v. 平衡)
sleepy / sli pi/ adj. 困倦的；想睡的 (关联词: sleep v./n. 睡觉)
anything / eniθ / pron. 某事物；任何事物 (用于否定句、疑问句或if从句中) ♀
dish /d / n. 一道菜；盘子
choice /t s/ n. 选择 (关联词: choose v. 选择)
meal /mi l/ n. 一餐所吃的食物；一餐 早餐/午餐/晚餐
pork /p k/ n. 猪肉
strawberry / str b ri/ n. 草莓
menu / menju / n. 菜单
customer / k st m (r)/ n. 顾客 ♀
serve /s v/ v. 提供(食物/服务)；服务
waitress / we tr s/ n. 女服务员
sir /s (r)/ n. 先生 (用于尊称男性)
instead / n sted/ adv. 反而；代替；作为替代
pear /pe (r)/ n. 梨
sugar / ɡ (r)/ n. 糖
away / we / adv. 离开；在别处 / 用于短语如 go away (走开), throw away (扔掉)
poor /p (r); p (r)/ adj. 不好的；贫穷的；可怜的
result /r z lt/ n. 后果；结果 /
article / ɑ t kl/ n. 文章 / 冠词 (a, an, the)
common / k m n/ adj. 共同的；普遍的；常见的
among / m / prep. 在...中 (指三者或以上)；...之一
soft /s ft/ adj. 柔和的；柔软的；(声音)轻柔的
enough / n f/ adj. 足够的；充足的 / adv. 足够地；充分地 / pron. 足够；充分
thirsty / θ sti/ adj. 渴的
Gongbao chicken /gōng bǎo jī dīng/ n. 宫保鸡丁 (菜名)
America / mer k / n. 美国；美洲
Dongpo pork /dōng pō ròu/ n. 东坡肉 (菜名)
短语
fish and chips - 炸鱼薯条 (英国名菜)
What about... - ...怎么样？ (用于询问建议或情况)
put on - 增加(体重)；穿上(衣服) /
too ... to ... - 太...以至于不能... (e.g., It's too hot to go out. 天太热了没法出门。)
after all - 毕竟；终归 (表示补充说明或让步) (e.g., An apple a day keeps the doctor away. After all, it's healthy. ...毕竟，它很健康。)
go with - 搭配；相配 (e.g., Does this dish go with rice 这道菜配米饭吗？)
too much - 太多 (修饰不可数名词) (e.g., too much sugar 糖太多) (Contrast: too many 修饰可数名词)
soft drink - 软饮料 (不含酒精的饮料)
语法聚焦
1.名词的可数与不可数 (Countable and Uncountable Nouns):
（1）可数名词 (Countable Nouns): 指可以计数的名词，有单复数形式。可用a/an、数词修饰。
例句中的可数名词: watermelon(s), cookie(s), onion(s), dumpling(s), bean(s), chip(s), egg(s), noodle(s), sandwich(es), hamburger(s), strawberry/strawberries, vegetable(s), choice(s), meal(s), pear(s), customer(s), article(s)。
提问数量用 How many...
（2）不可数名词 (Uncountable Nouns): 指不能计数的名词，通常只有单数形式。不能用a/an、数词直接修饰，可用some, much, a little等修饰。
例句中的不可数名词: cabbage, mutton, coffee, salad, porridge, tea, juice, bread, milk, food, fish (作“鱼肉”解时), pork, menu, sugar, salt, fat, weight, water, rice, tofu。
提问数量用 How much...
（3）注意: 有些名词在不同语境下可数/不可数不同 (e.g., chicken - 鸡肉 (U), 一只鸡 (C); fish - 鱼肉 (U), 一条鱼 (C); cake - 蛋糕(整体/种类U, 块C))； 有些看似不可数的名词在特定情境下可数 (e.g., coffee - 咖啡(U), two coffees 两杯咖啡(C))。
2.选择疑问句 (Alternative Questions): 提供两个或多个选项供选择，用or连接，回答时不能用Yes/No，需选择其中一项。朗读时，or前的选项用升调，or后的选项用降调。结构: ..., A or B
例句: Which would you like with your meal, rice↗ or noodles↘ (你的餐想配米饭还是面条？) Noodles, please. (要面条，谢谢。)
例句: Would you like a hot tofu dish↗ or a cold one↘ (您想要热豆腐还是凉拌的？) A hot tofu dish, please. (要热豆腐，谢谢。)
例句: Which soup would you like, chicken↗ or fish↘ (你想要哪种汤，鸡汤还是鱼汤？) Fish, please! (要鱼汤，谢谢！)
3.would like 的用法: 表示委婉地“想要”，比want更礼貌。常用于询问或表达意愿、点餐等场景。
（1）结构: Subject + would like + noun / to do sth.
（2）肯定: I'd like (= I would like) a cup of tea. (我想要一杯茶。)
（3）否定: I wouldn't like to eat that. (我不想吃那个。)
（4）疑问: What would you like to eat/drink (您想吃/喝点什么？) Would you like some juice (您想要些果汁吗？) Which would you like, A or B (你想要哪个，A还是B？)
关键句型与结构
1.询问/谈论食物喜好与选择：
（1）What would you like (to eat/drink) (你想吃/喝点什么？)
例句: What would you like to order (您想点什么？)
（2）I'd like ... (please). (我想要...。)
例句: I'd like some dumplings. (我想要些饺子。)
（3）Which ... would you like (你想要哪个/哪种...？)
例句: Which would you like, beef or mutton (你想要哪个，牛肉还是羊肉？)
（4）Do you have anything with ... (你们有带...的(菜)吗？)
例句: Do you have anything with tofu (你们有带豆腐的菜吗？)
2.点餐常用语：
（1）Welcome to our restaurant! (欢迎光临我们的餐厅！)
（2）Here is a menu for you. (这是给您的菜单。)
（3）What about + noun / doing sth (...怎么样？)
例句: What about Gongbao chicken (宫保鸡丁怎么样？)
（4）That sounds good/delicious. (那听起来不错/很美味。)
（5）Can we order ... (我们能点...吗？)
（6）OK. Let's see. (好的，让我们看看。)
（7）..., please. (请给我...)
例句: Rice, please. (请来米饭。)
（8）Let's get that. (就要那个吧。)
3.谈论饮食习惯与健康：
（1）I usually have ... for breakfast/lunch/dinner. (我早/午/晚餐通常吃...)
例句: I usually have some bread and milk for breakfast. (我早餐通常吃些面包和牛奶。)
（2）It's important to eat balanced meals. (吃均衡的膳食很重要。)
（3）(Food) has lots of salt/fat/sugar. (...含有大量盐/脂肪/糖。)
（4）(Unhealthy habit) can cause problems. ((不健康的习惯)会导致问题。)
例句: Eating fast food too often may cause heart problems. (过于频繁地吃快餐可能导致心脏问题。)
（5）We should eat healthy food. (我们应该吃健康的食物。)
（6）An apple a day keeps the doctor away. (一天一苹果，医生远离我。)
（7）Healthy eating means eating healthy food and having good eating habits. (健康饮食意味着吃健康的食物和拥有良好的饮食习惯。)
Unit 5: Here and Now
Core Focus: Talking about ongoing actions using the present continuous tense, describing simultaneous activities in different places (time zones), making and answering phone calls, understanding global connections.
Big Question: What brings people together (是什么将人们联系在一起？)
词汇
ride /ra d/ v. 骑 (自行车/马等) / n. 旅程；骑乘
moment / m m nt/ n. 某个时刻；片刻；瞬间
dragon / dr ɡ n/ n. 龙
festival / fest vl/ n. 节日
hold /h ld/ v. 拿着；抓住；握住
voice /v s/ n. 嗓音；声音
race /re s/ n. 比赛；竞赛 (如: boat race 赛艇) ♀
darling / dɑ l / n. 亲爱的；宝贝 (昵称)
somebody / s mb di/ pron. 某人；有人 (Also: someone)
could /k d; k d/ modal v. 能；可以 (can的过去式，也可表委婉请求或许可)
message / mes d / n. 消息；信息；口信
kick /k k/ v. 踢；踹
wow /wa / interj. 哇；呀 (表惊讶或赞叹)
online / n la n/ adj./adv. 在线的；联网的
shuttlecock / tlk k/ n. 羽毛球 (指那个球)
sight /sa t/ n. 名胜；风景 / 视力；看见
exam / ɡ z m/ (= examination) n. 考试
hope /h p/ v. & n. 希望
forward / f w d/ adv. 向前
skate /ske t/ v. 滑冰；溜冰
happen / h p n/ v. 发生；出现
zone /z n/ n. 地区；地带；区域 (关联词: time zone 时区)
rush /r / v. & n. 冲；奔；匆忙 ♀
shine / a n/ v. 发光；照耀 / n. 光亮；光泽
brightly / bra tli/ adv. 明亮地；鲜艳地 (关联词: bright adj.)
colourful / k l fl/ adj. 色彩鲜艳的；五颜六色的
slowly / sl li/ adv. 缓慢地 (反义: quickly, fast)
such /s t / adj. 这样的；那样的 / pron. 这样(那样)的人或事物
painting / pe nt / n. 绘画作品；绘画；油画
market / mɑ k t/ n. 市场；集市
side /sa d/ n. 边；侧；旁边
subway / s bwe / n. 地铁 (英式；美式: underground, tube)
bright /bra t/ adj. 鲜艳的；明亮的；聪明的
drop /dr p/ v. 把…送至；落下；掉下 / n. 滴；下降
passenger / p s nd (r)/ n. 乘客；旅客 ♀ ♂
central / sentr l/ adj. 中心的；中央的
explain / k sple n/ v. 解释；说明
tour /t (r)/ n. & v. 旅行；旅游；参观 ♀
sunshine / s n a n/ n. 阳光
drive /dra v/ v. 开车；驾驶
Adam / d m/ 亚当
Beth /beθ/ 贝丝
Nairobi /na r bi/ 内罗毕 (肯尼亚首都)
New York / nju j k/ 纽约
Kenya / kenj / 肯尼亚
USA / ju es e / 美国
Central Park / sentr l pɑ k/ 中央公园 (纽约著名公园)
短语
right now - 现在；立刻；马上
at the moment - 现在；此刻
work on - 做；从事；致力于 (e.g., I'm working on my homework. 我在做作业。)
hold on - (打电话时)别挂断；等一等 / 紧握
take a message - 捎个口信 (指接电话的人)
leave a message - 留个口信 (指打电话的人)
call back - 回电话
look forward to + noun / v-ing - 盼望；期待 (e.g., I look forward to seeing you soon. 我盼望很快见到你。)
time zone - 时区
around the world - 世界各地
in a hurry - 匆忙；赶时间 ♀
side by side - 并排地；并肩地 ♀ ♂
drop off - (开车)把某人送到某处并让其下车 ♀
take part in - 参加；参与 ♀ (同义: join in)
rush hour - (上下班)交通高峰期
Dragon Boat Festival - 端午节 ♀ (中国传统节日)
语法聚焦
1.现在进行时 (Present Continuous Tense): 表示现在(说话时刻)或现阶段正在进行的动作或存在的状态。
（1）构成: 主语 + am/is/are + 动词-ing形式
（2）肯定句:
例句: I'm doing my homework. (我正在做我的作业。)
例句: He's shopping at the supermarket. (他正在超市购物。)
例句: They're having breakfast. (他们正在吃早饭。)
例句: People are eating delicious food. (人们正在吃美味的食物。)
（3）否定句: 在am/is/are后加not。
例句: He is not (isn't) exercising at the park. (他没有在公园锻炼。)
（4）一般疑问句: 将am/is/are提到主语前。
例句: Are you making zongzi (你们在包粽子吗？) Yes, we are. / No, we aren't. (是的，我们在包。/不，我们没在包。)
例句: Is he still exercising at the park (他还在公园锻炼吗？)
（5）特殊疑问句: 特殊疑问词 + 一般疑问句语序。
例句: What are you doing right now (你现在正在做什么？)
例句: What is he doing at the moment (他此刻在做什么？)
例句: What are they doing (他们正在做什么？)
（6）注意动词-ing形式的变化规则 (已在语法总述部分提及)：
一般直接加-ing: doing, watching, eating
以不发音e结尾，去e加-ing: making, having, riding, shining, driving
重读闭音节，末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写末尾辅音字母再加-ing: shopping, jogging, swimming, getting (Unit 4), sitting (Unit 4)
2.打电话常用语 (Telephone Language):
（1）接电话: Hello (喂？)
（2）表明身份: Hello./Hi, it's ... (speaking). (喂/嗨，我是...) This is ... speaking. (我是...)
（3）找人: May I speak to ..., please (请问我能和...通话吗？) Could I speak to ... (我能和...通话吗？) Is ... there, please (...在吗？)
（4）回应找人:
在/请稍等: Yes, hold on, please. (在，请稍等。)
不在: Sorry, he/she is out at the moment. (对不起，他/她此刻不在。) I'm afraid he's not home yet. (恐怕他还没回家。)
（5）请求/提供留言: Can I take a message (我能帮你捎个口信吗？) Would you like to leave a message (您想留个言吗？)
（6）请求对方回电话: Could you ask him/her to call me back, please (您能请他/她给我回个电话吗？)
（7）确认/答应: Sure. (当然。) No problem. (没问题。)
（8）结束通话: Thanks. Bye. (谢谢，再见。) See you then! (到时候见！) Let's talk later. (我们稍后再谈。)
关键句型与结构
1.询问现在正在做什么：
（1）What are you doing (right now / at the moment) (你(现在/此刻)在做什么？)
例句: What are you doing at the moment (你此刻在做什么？)
（2）What is he/she/it doing (他/她/它在做什么？)
（3）What are they doing (他们在做什么？)
2.回答现在正在做什么：
（1）I'm + v-ing. (我正在...)
例句: I'm washing the car right now. (我现在正在洗车。)
（2）He's/She's/It's + v-ing. (他/她/它正在...)
例句: She's gardening. (她正在做园艺。)
（3）We're/They're + v-ing. (我们/他们正在...)
例句: We're having a holiday here. (我们正在这里度假。)
例句: They are enjoying the city at night. (他们正在欣赏这个城市的夜景。)
3.提出邀请/建议 (涉及现在进行时的情况)：
（1）Do you want to + verb ... (instead) (你想(改为)做...吗？)
例句: Do you want to play volleyball at the sports park instead (你想改为去体育公园打排球吗？)
（2）I'm thinking about + v-ing. Would you like to come (我正考虑做...。你想来吗？)
例句: I'm thinking about playing volleyball ... Would you like to come (我正考虑打排球...你想来吗？)
4.描述不同地点的同时活动：It's (time) in (place). People are + v-ing. (...地方现在是(时间)。人们正在...)
例句: It's evening in Chongqing. Some people are rushing home. (重庆现在是晚上。一些人正匆忙回家。)
例句: In Nairobi, Kenya, it's afternoon. Many people are working hard. (在肯尼亚的内罗毕，现在是下午。许多人正在努力工作。)
5.描述看到的场景 (用现在进行时)：Look! (Subject) is/are + v-ing. (看！...正在...)
例句: Look! Lights are shining brightly across the city. (看！灯光正明亮地照亮整个城市。)
例句: Look at that giraffe! It's drinking water. (看那只长颈鹿！它在喝水。)
Unit 6: Rain or Shine
Core Focus: Describing weather conditions, talking about weather-关联词 activities, understanding how weather affects mood and activities, using present continuous and simple present tenses appropriately.
Big Question: How does the weather affect us (天气如何影响我们？)
词汇
affect / fekt/ v. 影响
dry /dra / adj. 干的；干旱的 (反义: wet)
lightning / la tn / n. 闪电
stormy / st mi/ adj. 有暴风雨(或暴风雪)的 (关联词: storm n.)
north /n θ/ n./adj./adv. 北(方/部)(的/地)
west /west/ n./adj./adv. 西(方/部)(的/地)
south /sa θ/ n./adj./adv. 南(方/部)(的/地)
east /i st/ n./adj./adv. 东(方/部)(的/地)
lucky / l ki/ adj. 运气好的；带来好运的 (关联词: luck n.)
cloud /kla d/ n. 云；云彩 (关联词: cloudy adj. 多云的)
magical / m d kl/ adj. 魔法的；神奇的 ♀
rock /r k/ n. 岩石；石块
rest /rest/ n. 休息；剩余部分 ♀ / v. 休息
area / e ri / n. 场地；地区；区域
although / l / conj. 虽然；尽管 (引导让步状语从句) (同义: though)
still /st l/ adv. 还；仍然；依旧
sunbathe / s nbe / v. 沐日光浴；晒太阳
temperature / tempr t (r)/ n. 温度
snowman / sn m n/ n. (pl. snowmen) 雪人
heavily / hev li/ adv. 大量地；沉重地；猛烈地 ♀ (关联词: heavy adj.)
snowy / sn i/ adj. 下雪的；雪白的 (关联词: snow n./v.)
beach volleyball n. 沙滩排球
high /ha / adv. & adj. 高(的) (反义: low)
freezing / fri z / adj. 极冷的；冰冻的 (Stronger than: cold)
tourist / t r st/ n. 旅行者；观光客 ♀
mount /ma nt/ n. (用于地名) 山；山峰 (e.g., Mount Huangshan 黄山)
experience / k sp ri ns/ n. 经历；经验 / v. 经历；体验
through /θru / prep./adv. 穿过；凭借；通过 / 完成
glad /ɡl d/ adj. 高兴的；乐意的 (同义: happy)
peak /pi k/ n. 山顶；顶点；高峰
grey /ɡre / (AmE: gray) adj. 灰色的 (Color)
fog /f ɡ/ n. 雾 (关联词: foggy adj. 有雾的)
ground /ɡra nd/ n. 地面；土地
wet /wet/ adj. 湿的；潮湿的 (反义: dry)
tiring / ta r / adj. 令人疲倦的；累人的 (关联词: tire v. 使疲倦; tired adj. 疲倦的)
seem /si m/ v. 似乎；好像
sunlight / s nla t/ n. 阳光；日光
thought /θ t/ n. 想法；思想 (think的过去式/过去分词也是thought)
mountain / ma nt n/ n. 山；高山
end /end/ n. 末尾；结束；终点 / v. 结束
storm /st m/ n. 暴风雨；暴风雪
pour /p (r)/ v. 倾倒；倒出；倾盆大雨 /
wind /w nd/ n. 风 (关联词: windy adj. 有风的)
shout / a t/ v. & n. 喊叫；呼唤
Anna / n / 安娜
John /d n/ 约翰
Stockholm / st kh m/ 斯德哥尔摩 (瑞典首都)
Mount Huangshan /ma nt hwɑ n/ 黄山 (中国名山)
Bright Peak /bra t pi k/ 光明顶 (黄山主峰之一)
短语
rain or shine - 不论晴雨；风雨无阻 (e.g., I go jogging every morning, rain or shine. 我每天早晨都去慢跑，风雨无阻。)
stay in - 待在家里；不外出 (反义: go out)
feel like - 感觉像；想要做... (e.g., It feels like a magical place. 它感觉像个魔法之地。)
rest area - (公路旁的)休息区
make progress - 取得进展；进步
lucky you - 你真幸运！(口语)
some day - (将来)总有一天；有朝一日
in high spirits - 情绪高涨；兴高采烈
because of + noun/pronoun - 因为...；由于... (后面接名词或代词，区别于 because 后接从句)
at the top - 在顶部；在顶端
at the start - 开始；起初
at the end - 最后；在末尾
run after - 追逐；追赶 ♀
语法聚焦
1.描述天气 (Describing Weather):
（1）用It's + adj.结构:
例句: It's windy and warm. (天气有风且暖和。)
例句: It's cold and snowy. (天气又冷又下雪。)
例句: It's hot and sunny. (天气又热又晴朗。)
例句: It's really cold! (天气真冷！)
例句: It's stormy/cloudy/dry/wet/freezing. (有暴风雨/多云/干燥/潮湿/极冷。)
（2）用It's + v-ing.结构:
例句: It's raining heavily. (雨下得很大。) / It's raining cats and dogs. (正下着倾盆大雨。- 习语)
例句: It's snowing. (正在下雪。)
（3）用There is/are + noun.结构:
例句: There's lightning! (有闪电！)
例句: There is a huge storm today. (今天有一场大暴风雨。)
2.询问天气 (Asking about Weather):
（1）What's the weather like (in ...) (...天气怎么样？)
例句: What's the weather like today (今天天气怎么样？)
例句: What's the weather like at Grandpa's place (爷爷那里天气怎么样？)
（2）How's the weather (in ...) (...天气如何？)
例句: How's the weather in Stockholm (斯德哥尔摩天气如何？)
（3）Is it + adj. (...是...的吗 )
例句: Is it cold and snowy (天气冷且下雪吗？)
3.现在进行时 vs. 一般现在时 (Present Continuous vs. Simple Present):
（1）现在进行时 (am/is/are + v-ing): 描述此时此刻或现阶段正在进行的动作或状态。常与now, right now, at the moment, Look!, Listen!等连用。
例句: What are you doing at the beach (你正在沙滩上做什么？) -> I'm sunbathing at the moment. (我此刻正在晒太阳。)
例句: He's playing beach volleyball right now. (他现在正在打沙滩排球。)
例句: Now we're building a snowman outside. (现在我们正在外面堆雪人。)
（2）一般现在时 (动词原形 / 第三人称单数+s/es): 描述经常性、习惯性的动作、客观事实或普遍真理。常与频度副词(always, usually, often, sometimes, never等) 或时间状语 (on Sundays, every day等) 连用。
例句: We usually stay in when it snows. (下雪时我们通常待在室内。) (习惯)
例句: People often fly kites in this season. (人们常在这个季节放风筝。) (习惯)
例句: The sun rises in the east. (太阳从东方升起。) (客观事实 - 非本单元直接例句)
（3）对比应用: 在谈论天气与活动时，区分“通常如何”和“现在正在如何”非常重要。
例句: A: Look, it is snowing! (看，正在下雪呢！- 此刻动作) B: That's amazing! It doesn't snow here in winter usually. (太棒了！这儿冬天通常不下雪。- 习惯/一般情况)
关键句型与结构
1.询问某地天气和当前活动：How's the weather in ... (……天气怎么样？) What's ... doing (...在做什么？)
例句: How's the weather in Stockholm (斯德哥尔摩天气如何？) What's your family doing (你的家人在做什么？)
2.回答天气和活动：
（1）It's + adj. (weather). (天气是...) It's about ... °C. (气温大约...摄氏度。) Subject + am/is/are + v-ing. (某人正在...)
例句: It's hot and sunny. It's about 28°C. (天气又热又晴。大约28摄氏度。) I'm sunbathing. (我正在晒日光浴。)
（2）We usually + verb (simple present), but now we're + v-ing (present continuous). (我们通常...，但现在我们正...)
例句: We usually stay in when it snows, but now we're building a snowman outside. (下雪时我们通常待在家里，但现在我们正在外面堆雪人。)
3.谈论天气对活动和心情的影响：
（1）Although the weather is bad, many people are still in high spirits. (虽然天气不好，许多人情绪依然高涨。)
（2）I'm not really enjoying the experience (because of the weather). (我不太享受这次经历（因为天气原因）。)
（3）It feels good to be at the top (despite the climb). ((尽管爬山很累，)在山顶感觉真好。)
（4）It's difficult for people to use their umbrellas (in the wind). ((在大风中)人们很难撑伞。)
（5）It is easy to feel sleepy ... if we don't eat breakfast. (如果我们不吃早餐，很容易感到困倦…… - 拓展自Unit 4，说明情况对人的影响)
4.描述看到的景象(结合天气)：
（1）The clouds look amazing. (云看起来太神奇了。)
（2）The sun is shining through the clouds. (太阳正穿过云层照耀。)
（3）Everything looks grey ... because of the heavy fog. (一切看起来都是灰蒙蒙的……因为大雾。)
Unit 7: A Day to Remember
Core Focus: Talking about past events and experiences (especially school trips), sequencing events, expressing feelings about past events, writing a diary entry, using the simple past tense.
Big Question: What makes a day special (是什么让一天变得特别？)
词汇
museum /mju zi m/ n. 博物馆
exhibition / eks b n/ n. 展览；展览会 (关联词: exhibit v./n. 展出；展品)
direction /d rek n; da rek n/ n. 方向；方位
trip /tr p/ n. 旅行；行程 (通常指短途)
wastewater / we stw t (r)/ n. 废水；污水
plant /plɑ nt/ n. 工厂 / 植物
into / ntu ; nt / prep. 到...里面；进入
remove /r mu v/ v. 移开；拿走；去除
piece /pi s/ n. 片；块；部分
waste /we st/ n. 废弃物；垃圾 / v. 浪费
machine /m i n/ n. 机器
germ /d m/ n. 微生物；细菌；病菌
step /step/ n. 步骤；脚步 ♀ / v. 行走；踏
realize / r la z/ (BrE: realise) v. 认识到；意识到；实现
inside / n sa d/ prep. 在...里面 / adv. 在里面
process / pr ses/ n. 过程；程序
theatre / θ t (r)/ (AmE: theater) n. 戏院；剧场；电影院
factory / f ktri; f kt ri/ n. 工厂
terrible / ter bl/ adj. 糟糕的；可怕的 (同义: awful)
actor / kt (r)/ n. 演员 (Feminine: actress)
gun /ɡ n/ n. 枪；炮
along / l / prep./adv. 沿着；顺着 (指方向) / 一起
road /r d/ n. 道路；公路
create /kri e t/ v. 创造；创作
record /r k d/ v. 记录；录制 / / rek d/ n. 记录；唱片
skill /sk l/ n. 技能；技巧 ♀
explore / k spl (r)/ v. 探索；探险 ♀
tent /tent/ n. 帐篷
cucumber / kju k mb (r)/ n. 黄瓜
straight /stre t/ adv. 直接；立即；笔直地 / adj. 直的；坦率的
fill /f l/ v. 装满；盛满
basket / bɑ sk t/ n. 篮子；筐
teach /ti t / v. (taught /t t/) 教；讲授
branch /brɑ nt / n. (树)枝；分支；分店
leaf /li f/ n. (pl. leaves /li vz/) 叶；叶子
finally / fa n li/ adv. 终于；最后 (同义: at last, in the end)
grain /ɡre n/ n. 谷物；谷粒；粮食
fresh /fre / adj. 新鲜的
certainly / s tnli/ adv. 肯定地；当然地 (同义: surely, of course)
diary / da ri/ n. 日记；日记本
entry / entri/ n. (日记/账目等的)一则；条目 / 入口；进入
agree / ɡri / v. 同意；赞成
短语
meet up (with sb) - (与某人)碰头；相聚
used to + verb (infinitive) - 过去常常(做)... (表示过去习惯，现在不再如此) (e.g., I used to think it was easy. 我过去常认为它很简单。)
go on a trip - 去旅行；去(短途)旅行
try on - 试穿 (衣物、鞋帽等)
write down - 写下；记下
from ... to ... - 从...到... (时间/地点/范围)
think of - 考虑；想起；想出
agree with - 同意(某人/某观点)；赞成
语法聚焦
1.一般过去时 (Simple Past Tense): 主要用于描述过去某个特定时间发生的动作或存在的状态，或过去经常性、习惯性的动作。
（1）构成: 通常由动词的过去式构成。Be动词的过去式是was(用于I/he/she/it) 和were(用于we/you/they)。
（2）规则动词过去式的构成和读音规则：
一般加-ed (清辅音后读/t/, 浊辅音和元音后读/d/, /t/,/d/音后读/ d/): visited, explored, picked, watered, laughed, helped
以e结尾加-d: liked, decided, agreed, realized, removed
辅音+y结尾，变y为i加-ed: studied, tried, carried
重读闭音节，末尾一个辅音字母，双写辅音字母加-ed: stopped, planned
（3）不规则动词过去式: 需要逐个记忆 (本单元出现的及常见不规则动词见词汇表)。
例句中不规则过去式: went, was, were, saw, got, took, told, seemed, learnt/learned, felt, lost, came, did, met, spent, made, bought, grew
（4）时间状语: 常与表示过去的时间状语连用，如 yesterday, last week/month/year, ... ago, in 1990, this morning (指过去的今天早上), just now 等。
（5）肯定句: 主语 + 动词过去式 ...
例句: We went on a school trip to a farm. (我们去农场进行了一次学校旅行。)
例句: It was tiring but great fun! (这次旅行很累但是非常有趣！)
例句: The farmer told us about the vegetables. (农场主告诉我们关于蔬菜的事情。)
例句: We picked some strawberries. (我们摘了一些草莓。)
（6）否定句: 主语 + did not (didn't) + 动词原形 ... (be动词否定句: 主语 + was/were + not (wasn't/weren't) ...)
例句: I didn't mean to, but I gave them the wrong directions. (我不是故意的，但我给他们指错了方向。)
例句: No, it wasn't at all. It was really interesting! (不，一点也不。它真的很有趣！) (be动词否定)
例句: I didn't realize it was so hard. (我没有意识到它那么难。)
（7）一般疑问句: Did + 主语 + 动词原形 ... (be动词一般疑问句: Was/Were + 主语 ... )
例句: Did you see anything interesting (你看到什么有趣的东西了吗？)
例句: How was your school trip (你的学校旅行怎么样？) (be动词特殊疑问句)
（8）特殊疑问句: 疑问词 + did + 主语 + 动词原形 ... (be动词特殊疑问句: 疑问词 + was/were + 主语 ... )
例句: What did you learn from the trip (你从这次旅行中学到了什么？)
例句: How did he feel about the trip (他对这次旅行感觉如何？)
例句: Where did you go (你去了哪里？)
2.used to 的用法: 表示“过去常常做某事”，但现在不再做了。后面接动词原形。结构: Subject + used to + verb (infinitive)
例句: I used to think it was easy to get clean water. (我过去常常认为获得干净的水很容易。) (暗示现在不这么认为了)
关键句型与结构
1.谈论过去的经历(尤指旅行)：
（1）We went on a school trip to ... (last week/yesterday). (我们(上周/昨天)去...进行了一次学校旅行。)
（2）How was your weekend/trip (你的周末/旅行怎么样？)
（3）It was great/amazing/interesting/terrible/tiring. (很棒/很精彩/有趣/糟糕/累人。)
What did you do/see/learn (你做了/看到/学到了什么？)
We visited/saw/explored/picked/watered ... (我们参观/看到/探索/采摘/浇灌了...)
I learnt that ... (我学到了...)
2.描述过去的事件顺序：使用First, ... Then, ... Next, ... After that, ... Finally, ...等表示顺序的词。
例句: First, dirty water goes into the plant. Then, screens remove waste. (首先，脏水进入工厂。然后，筛网去除废物。)
例句: In the morning, we explored the farm. ... Then we got straight to work! First, we picked strawberries. ... In the afternoon, the farmer taught us ... Finally, we watered the plants. (上午，我们探索了农场……然后我们直接开始工作！首先，我们摘了草莓……下午，农场主教了我们……最后，我们给植物浇了水。)
3.表达过去的感受/看法：
（1）I felt + adjective. (我感觉...)
例句: I felt very interested. (我感到非常感兴趣。) (形容词修饰人)
（2）It seemed + adjective. (它看起来/似乎...)
例句: The work seemed easy. (这工作似乎很容易。)
（3）I thought + (that) + clause. (我认为...)
例句: I used to think it was easy. (我过去认为它很容易。)
（4）I enjoyed + noun / v-ing. (我喜欢...)
例句: I enjoyed working with my hands. (我喜欢动手干活。)
4.写日记常用表达：
（1）开头：Friday, 30 May (日期) / Dear Diary, (亲爱的日记 - 可选)
（2）描述经历：使用一般过去时。
（3）表达感受：It was tiring but great fun! (很累但很有趣！) / I was very interested. (我非常感兴趣。) / It made me think of ... (它让我想起了...)
（4）总结：Today was really a day to remember. (今天真是个难忘的日子。) / What a day! (多么...的一天啊！)
Unit 8: Once upon a Time
Core Focus: Telling and understanding stories (fables, folk tales), identifying morals or lessons from stories, using simple past and simple present tenses in narration, creating endings for stories.
Big Question: Why do we tell stories / What can stories teach us (我们为什么讲故事？/ 故事能教给我们什么？)
词汇
upon / p n/ prep. 在...上 (较正式或用于固定短语，同 on)
bite /ba t/ v. (bit /b t/, bitten) 咬；咬伤
net /net/ n. 网；网状物
hunter / h nt (r)/ n. 猎人；搜寻者 (关联词: hunt v. 狩猎)
promise / pr m s/ v. 承诺；保证 / n. 承诺；诺言
war /w (r)/ n. 战争
neighbour / ne b (r)/ (AmE: neighbor) n. 邻居 ♀ ♂
wise /wa z/ adj. 明智的；高明的；有智慧的 (反义: foolish, silly)
emperor / emp r (r)/ n. 皇帝
lie /la / v. (lied, lied) 撒谎 / n. 谎言 / v. (lay, lain) 躺下；位于
pretend /pr tend/ v. 假装；伪装
official / f l/ n. 官员；高级职员 / adj. 官方的；正式的
silly / s li/ adj. 愚蠢的；傻的 (同义: foolish)
decide /d sa d/ v. 决定；下决心 (关联词: decision n. 决定)
praise /pre z/ v. & n. 赞美；表扬
afraid / fre d/ adj. 害怕的；担心的 (be afraid of + n./v-ing 害怕...)
suddenly / s d nli/ adv. 突然地；出乎意料地
truth /tru θ/ n. 真相；事实 (关联词: true adj. 真实的)
true /tru / adj. 符合事实的；真实的；真正的 (反义: false)
hate /he t/ v. 不喜欢；厌恶；憎恨 (Stronger than: dislike)
king /k / n. 君主；国王 (Feminine: queen 女王)
artist / ɑ t st/ n. 美术家；艺术家
quickly / kw kli/ adv. 快速地；很快地 ♀ (关联词: quick adj.)
smile /sma l/ v. 微笑 / n. 微笑；笑容
ugly / ɡli/ adj. 丑陋的；难看的 (反义: beautiful, pretty)
duckling / d kl / n. 小鸭子
real /r l/ adj. 真的；真正的；真实的
search /s t / v./n. 寻找；搜寻
hen /hen/ n. 母鸡
hopefully / h pf li/ adv. 有希望地；但愿
purr /p (r)/ v. (猫愉快时)发出呜呜声；发出平稳低沉的声音
lay /le / v. (laid /le d/, laid) 下(蛋) / 放置；铺设 (辨析: 不同于 lie 躺下/撒谎)
swan /sw n/ n. 天鹅
feather / fe / n. 羽毛
size /sa z/ n. 大小；尺寸；尺码
believe /b li v/ v. 相信；认为 (关联词: belief n. 信仰)
fisherman / f m n/ n. (pl. fishermen) 渔夫；渔民
fishing / f / n. 钓鱼；捕鱼
genie / d i ni/ n. (故事中的)妖怪；精灵；灯神 ♂
die /da / v. 死亡；消失 (关联词: dead adj. 死的; death n. 死亡)
someone / s mw n/ pron. 某人；有人 (Also: somebody)
set /set/ v. (set, set) 使处于某种状况；放置；设定 / n. 一套
rich /r t / adj. 富有的；富含...的 (反义: poor)
powerful / pa fl/ adj. 强大的；有影响力的；有权势的
anyone / eniw n/ pron. 任何人；无论谁 (用于否定句/疑问句/条件句) (Also: anybody)
himself /h m self/ pron. 他自己；他本人 (反身代词) ♂
Hans Christian Andersen /h nz kr st n nd s n/ 汉斯·克里斯蒂安·安徒生 (丹麦童话作家)
词汇
once upon a time - 从前；很久以前 (故事开头常用语)
bite through - 咬穿；咬透
long ago - 很久以前
at first - 起初；最初；首先
tell the truth - 说实话
make money - 赚钱
get out - 逃脱；离开；出去
all over - 到处；遍及
laugh at - 嘲笑 (Note: 'laugh with' 是一起笑)
go away - 走开；离开 ♂
search for - 寻找...
to sb's surprise - 令某人惊讶的是...
only if - 只有在...条件下；只有当...的时候 (引导条件状语从句)
come out - 出现；出来；出版；结果是 /
make a promise - 许下诺言；做出承诺
set ... free - 释放；使...自由
instead of + noun/pronoun/v-ing - 而不是...；代替...
succeed in doing sth - 成功做成某事
in the end - 最后；最终 (同义: finally, at last)
语法聚焦
1.一般过去时 (Simple Past Tense) - 复习与巩固:用于叙述故事中发生的事件。
Once upon a time, an emperor liked clothes very much. (从前，有位皇帝非常喜欢衣服。)
Two brothers came and lied to him. (两个骗子来了并对他撒了谎。)
The emperor couldn't see anything either. (皇帝也什么都看不见。)
Suddenly, a boy cried, "Look! The emperor has no clothes on!" (突然，一个男孩哭喊道：“看！皇帝什么衣服都没穿！”)
Everyone looked at one another. They started laughing. (大家面面相觑。他们开始大笑起来。)
A farmer lost his horse. (一个农夫丢了他的马。)
His horse came back with seven other horses. (他的马带着另外七匹马回来了。)
His son broke his leg. (他的儿子摔断了腿。)
Once a lion caught a mouse. (有一次，一只狮子抓住了一只老鼠。)
The mouse helped the lion then. (那时老鼠帮助了狮子。)
He bit through the net. (它咬穿了网。)
2.一般现在时 (Simple Present Tense) - 用于讲述道理或普遍情况: 在故事叙述后，有时会用一般现在时来总结道理或描述人物的通常状态。
Kindness is never wasted. (善良从不浪费。) (这是故事的寓意)
Unlucky things may turn out well. And good things could go wrong too. (不幸的事情可能会有好结果。而好的事情也可能变糟。) (对故事的理解)
Stories teach us valuable lessons. (故事教给我们宝贵的经验教训。) (泛指功能)
3.直接引语和间接引语 (Direct and Indirect Speech - 初步接触): 故事中常包含人物对话(直接引语)。
（1）直接引语: 使用引号引出人物说的话。
例句: He said, "Please let me go! One day I will help you!" (他说：“请放了我吧！总有一天我会帮你的！”)
例句: They said, "How unlucky!" (他们说：“真倒霉！”)
例句: The farmer just said, "Maybe." (农夫只是说：“也许吧。”)
（2）注意直接引语中人称、时态等需根据实际情况表达。
关键句型与结构
1.故事开头：
（1）Once upon a time, ... (从前...)
（2）Long ago, ... (很久以前...)
2.描述事件发展：
（1）(使用一般过去时叙述)
（2）使用Later, ... Suddenly, ... Then, ... Finally, ... In the end, ...等连接词。
3.引用人物对话：
（1）He/She/They said, "..." (他/她/他们说：“...”)
（2）Someone cried/shouted, "..." (某人哭喊/喊叫道：“...”)
4.表达观点、看法或感觉 (通常使用过去时)：
The emperor couldn't see the clothes. (皇帝看不见那些衣服。)
People were afraid to look silly. (人们害怕看起来愚蠢。)
The poor duckling felt very sad. (可怜的小鸭子感到非常伤心。)
All of them thought that he was ugly too. (它们所有鸟也都认为他太丑了。)
The lion laughed when the mouse promised to help. (当老鼠承诺要帮忙时，狮子笑了。)
5.从故事中得出道理/教训：
What do you think the story teaches us (你认为这个故事教给我们什么？)
I think the story tells us that ... (我认为这个故事告诉我们...)
(Moral/Lesson) (直接陈述道理) e.g., Kindness is never wasted. (善良从不浪费。)
6.提出假设或想象 (涉及故事结尾创作)：
What would happen in the end (最后会发生什么呢？)
Maybe the fisherman would ... (也许渔夫会...)
Perhaps the genie decided to ... (可能妖怪决定...)

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