资源简介

(共119张PPT)
Environmental
Protection
Unit
3
Only if we understand can we care. Only if we care can
we help. Only if we help shall all be saved.
Learning Objectives
Getting Ready
I
II
Viewing, Listening and Speaking
III
Reading and Writing
IV
Grammar Highlights
V
Doing a Project
VI
Culture and Life
Close Reading
Multi-text Reading
Learning Objectives
In this unit, we are going to
talk about climate change and extreme weather;
learn English idioms related to weather and the stories behind them;
use the problem-solution structure to discuss environmental issues;
write a short passage about how to live with climate change.
endangered __________
environmental
issues
global __________
greenhouse ____
__________ weather
pollutants
1
2
3
4
Fill in the blanks with words in the box. Think of more words and phrases related to environmental issues and add them to the mind map.
warming
extreme
gas
animals
extreme animals warming gas
1.
What is the song mainly about
We all can do something in our daily life to go green and protect the planet. The 3Rs stand for “Reduce, Reuse, Recycle.”
Enjoy The 3 Rs by Jack Johnson. Then answer the following questions.
2.
What do the 3Rs stand for
For example, when we go to the store, we can bring our own bags instead of taking a plastic bag. Or, if you do take a plastic bag, find another way to use it again. We can buy products that have less plastic or paper wrapping. We can also save the rain water in buckets to water the flowers and plants later. Another way to help is to use “green” energy. That means, use energy from the wind, water, or sun. Remember to turn off the lights and other electronics when you are not using them. Also, we can buy products that use less energy. There are some types of light bulbs that use less energy, and can help us save money too!
Enjoy The 3 Rs by Jack Johnson. Then answer the following questions.
Watch the video and fill in the table with the information about different types of music.
with subtitle
without subtitle
To be in hot water
Someone has fallen into a tricky or perhaps serious situation. The idiom comes from the custom (习俗) of 1 _______________________ _____________ enemies attacking a castle.
In the bag
It is certain that you’ll do fine. The introduction of the 2 ________________ gave birth to this idiom.
Exercise I
Watch the video and complete the information about three idioms.
modern paper bag
throwing extremely hot
water down on
An eager beaver
It’s another way of describing a hard-working person by means of an animal. It’s generally believed that the beaver is among the most 3 ____________ of the animal society.
hard-working
Exercise II
Look up the following English idioms in a dictionary and find out the stories behind them on the internet.
on cloud nine
calm before the storm
in the air
once in a blue moon
on cloud nine: to be extremely happy and excited
calm before the storm: a quiet or peaceful period before a period during which there is great activity, argument, or difficulty
in the air: If something is in the air, you feel that it is happening or about to happen.
once in a blue moon: not very often
extreme / k stri m/ adj. 极端的
heatwave / hi twe v/ n. 酷热期
record-breaking / rek d bre k / adj. 打破纪录的
drought /dra t/ n. 干旱
severity /s ver t / n. 严重程度
Words and Expressions in Focus
Read the Words and Expressions in Focus.
Exercise I
Listen to a conversation between two students talking about extreme weather. Answer the questions.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
What event was cancelled due to the bad weather
Where did the record-breaking heatwave hit
How many deaths did the heatwave cause
What was the report about
Why should we control climate change
The weekend picnic.
The U.S. and Canada.
Over 700.
The climate change and how it’ll affect people in the UK.
Because everything depends on the severity of climate change.
Exercise II
Listen again and list the extreme weather events mentioned in the conversation.
1 _____________ 2 _____________ 3 _____________
4 _____________ 5 _____________
heatwaves
floods
wildfires
droughts
heavy rain
examine / g z m n/ v. 调查
global / gl b l/ adj. 全球的
sector / sekt / n. 行业
agriculture / gr k lt / n. 农业
observe / b z v/ v. 观测，观察
Words and Expressions in Focus
Read the Words and Expressions in Focus.
Exercise I
Listen to the passage and tick the items mentioned by the speaker.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
global warming
extreme weather events
human-caused climate change
high-temperature records
future plan for risks from extreme weather
opportunities to travel around the world
Exercise II
Listen again and circle the correct answers.
The study examined how extreme weather in the UK, such as heatwaves, heavy rainfall, and very cold / hot conditions, could change with different levels of global warming.
These extreme weather events can affect sectors such as health, transport / travelling, agriculture and energy.
Severe weather can impact our health / safety, our ability to go to work, and even our ability to buy food / clothes.
One study found that the rainfall on 3 October is now a
1-in-100-year / 1-in-300-year event.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Talk about one environmental issue our world is facing.
Step 1 Work in pairs. Choose an environmental issue to talk about,
such as climate change, water pollution, deforestation (滥伐森林), and loss of biodiversity (生物多样性).
Step 2 Organise your conversation in the following structure:
problem causes effects solutions
Step 3 Use some helpful expressions from the listening activity.
Step 4 Take turns to act out in class.
What is climate change Why does it matter Read this magazine article to find out.
Read the Words and Expressions in Focus.
vapour / ve p / n. 蒸气
pollutant /p lu t nt/ n. 污染物
atmosphere / tm sf / n.（围绕地球的）大气，
大气层
panel / p nl/ n. 专家咨询组
emission / m n/ n. 排放
Words and Expressions in Focus
Read the Words and Expressions in Focus.
melt /melt/ v.（使）融化
barely / be l / adv. 仅仅，勉强
sociologist / s s l d st/ n. 社会学家
minimise / m n ma z/ v. 减小
by and large 大体上；总的来说
lead to 导致
Words and Expressions in Focus
Climate Change
1 Earth’s atmosphere keeps our planet from being way too hot or way too cold. During the day, water vapour and other gases let some of the sun’s heat in. At night some warmth escapes, but not all of it. So, by and large, Earth’s temperature is just right for us and other forms of life.
2 As industry has grown, though, people have put lots of extra gases into the air. Carbon dioxide and some other pollutants are greenhouse gases. They increase the atmosphere’s ability to hold heat from the sun. Over time, that extra heat builds up. It’s a bit like how a car gets very hot inside when it’s parked in the sun on a summer day.
3 Since 1880, average temperatures over Earth’s land and oceans have risen almost 1 degree Celsius. It’s “extremely
likely” that human activities have been the main factor driving that increase since the mid-twentieth century, says the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.
4 Emissions of greenhouse gases are still rising. Unless people limit the gases, global temperatures could rise as much as 5 degrees Celsius by the end of this century. Even if people take some helpful actions, temperatures will likely climb another 1.5 degrees Celsius, says the United States Environmental Protection Agency.
5 A couple of degrees doesn’t sound so bad. However, small amounts of warming can melt ice at the North and South Poles. Melting ice raises sea levels and can lead to flooding in cities and towns along coastlines.
6 Some places are especially in danger. In Italy, the beautiful city of Venice sits barely above sea level, and it is possible the city could disappear some day. Even entire countries, such as the Maldives, the flattest country on Earth, could completely disappear under the sea.
7 A few degrees of climate change are also enough to increase the risks for extreme weather events. Severe storms, long heatwaves, and droughts and wildfires become more likely. “These are not passing changes,” explains an ocean scientist.
8 Recent extreme weather events show what some of those impacts are like. “We really are experiencing a different climate,” says a climate scientist. “We have to look ahead.”
9 Consider some of these recent extreme weather events. Extreme downpours of rain have hit China, the US, and Germany.
Drought and wildfires have hit many places, including Siberia, in eastern Russia. It is one of the coldest regions on Earth, but in 2021 it experienced heatwaves and wildfires. Scientists have linked these events to climate change.
10 Doing nothing is not an option, says a sociologist. In her view, if people know what problems climate change can bring, they should act to minimise or avoid those risks. Otherwise, she says, “We’re putting large groups of people in harm’s way.”
Understanding the text
Exercise I
Complete the table with the information from the text. An example is given.
Who What they say
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Humans are mostly responsible for the rising temperature.
The United States Environmental Protection Agency
Global temperatures will rise with or without people taking actions.
public transportation, bike-sharing or ride-sharing systems, high speed rail
mobile payment
spending more onmaterial and spiritual enjoyment
more open-minded
Who What they say
The ocean scientist
The climate scientist
The sociologist
A few degrees of climate change can melt ice at North and South Poles, which raises sea levels and can lead to flooding in cities and towns along coastlines. These changes are lasting.
A few degrees of climate change may increase risks for extreme weather events.
Humans should act to minimise or avoid the risks caused by climate change instead of doing nothing.
Read the text and decide whether the statements are true (T) or false (F). If false, underline the mistake(s) and correct the sentence to make it true.
1.
2.
3.
Earth’s temperature is just right for us and other forms of life.
Greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and some other pollutants increase the atmosphere’s ability to hold heat from the sun.
Average temperatures over Earth’s land and oceans have fallen almost 1 degree Celsius since 1880.
T
T
F
Exercise II
Average temperatures over Earth’s land and oceans have fallen (risen) almost 1 degree Celsius since 1880.
4.
5.
If people don’t limit the gases, global temperatures could rise as much as 5 degrees Celsius by the end of this century according to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.
A few degrees of climate change are not enough to increase the risks for extreme weather events.
Exercise II
F
F
A few degrees of climate change are not ( 删除) enough to increase the risks for extreme weather events.
If people don’t ( 删除) limit the gases, global temperatures could rise as much as 5 degrees Celsius by the end of this century according to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (the United States Environmental Protection Agency.
1.
2.
3.
How does Earth’s atmosphere keep our planet from being way too hot or way too cold
What impact will melting ice have on the world
What extreme weather events will become more likely
Work in pairs. Discuss and answer the questions.
During the day, water vapour and other gases let some of the sun’s heat in. At night some warmth escapes, but not all of it. In this way, our planet’s temperature is kept suitable for living.
Melting ice raises sea levels and can lead to flooding in cities and towns along coastlines.
Exercise III
Extreme weather evens such as severe storms, long heatwaves, and droughts and wildfires become more likely.
4.
What does the sociologist mean by “ Doing nothing is not an option”
Work in pairs. Discuss and answer the questions.
If we do nothing, the climate will become worse and worse and our life will be hugely affected. So we should try everything we can do to minimise or avoid the risks caused by climate change.
Exercise III
Exploring the language
Exercise I
1 barely
2 panel
3 emission
4 drought
5 Impact
6 minimise
7 p_________
Match the words with their definitions. Then fill in the missing word.
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
in a way that is just possible but only with difficulty
a group of people with special knowledge, skills, or experience who give advice or make decisions
a substance that pollutes sth, especially air and water
make something as small as possible
a long period of time during which there is very little or no rain
the powerful effect that sth has on sb/sth
the act of producing or sending out something from a source
B
E
G
F
A
D
C
ollutant
Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the words in Exercise I.
It was 38 degrees and the air condition ______ cooled the room.
Carbon dioxide and nitrogen dioxide both _______ the air, but nitrogen dioxide is a much stronger _________.
The problem is too big for one scientist. We need a(n) ______ of scientists to work on this.
The typhoon ___________ my travel plans, and it caused a terrible _________ on the safety of the local community.
The _________ caused serious problems for farms.
The __________ of greenhouse gasses from coal power is a problem. Thankfully, wind power _____ almost no greenhouse gases.
The company will work to _________ the costs.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
pollutant
pollute
panel
impacted
drought
barely
impact
Exercise II
emission
emits
minimise
Fill in the blanks with the expressions in the box. Change forms if necessary.
1.
2.
3.
Exercise III
To you, leaving that window open just a crack during the day is a way to ______ a little fresh air.
__________ my memory is so good that, like an elephant, I never forget anything that I’ve been told.
The truth of the matter is that __________ , the answer has very little to do with the risk management.
let in
let in
it’s likely that
even if
by and large
in one’s view
look ahead
over time
a couple of
over time
let in
in one’s view
In my view
over time
Fill in the blanks with the expressions in the box. Change forms if necessary.
4.
5.
6.
Exercise III
Without the support of your family, ____________ that you wouldn’t have built such a successful life.
I knew that ________ we didn’t win the game, it would be a good day and I would enjoy playing with my team.
Yes, I’m a bit tired. I have very bad jet-lag. But I’ll be all right in ____________days.
it’s likely that
let in
it’s likely that
even if
by and large
in one’s view
look ahead
over time
a couple of
a couple of
it’s likely that
even if
even if
a couple of
Fill in the blanks with the expressions in the box. Change forms if necessary.
7.
8.
Exercise III
____________ , “a moment of great innovation” could be at hand.
The good thing is that you have no time to think about that loss as you already have to ____________ to the next game tonight.
By and large
let in
it’s likely that
even if
by and large
in one’s view
look ahead
over time
a couple of
a couple of
by and large
look ahead
look ahead
Translation
Exercise I
1.
2.
Translate the sentences into Chinese.
As industry has grown, though, people have put lots of extra gases into the air.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
It’s a bit like how a car gets very hot inside when it’s parked in the sun on a summer day.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
然而，随着工业的发展，人们向空气中排放了大量额外的气体。
这就有点像一辆整天停在夏日烈阳下的汽车内部升温的过程。
Translation
Exercise I
3.
Translate the sentences into Chinese.
In Italy, the beautiful city of Venice sits barely above sea level, and it is possible the city could disappear some day.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
在意大利，美丽的威尼斯城市高度紧扣着海平面，未来的某一天这个城市很可能销声匿迹。
1.
2.
总而言之，地球的温度对我们和其他形式的生命正好适宜。（by and large, right）
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
近期的极端天气显示了其中一些影响是什么样的。（extreme weather events, impact）
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
By and large, Earth’s temperature is just right for us and other forms of life.
Recent extreme weather events show what some of those impacts are like.
Translate the sentences with the words or expressions in brackets (括号中).
Exercise II
3.
在她看来，人们如果知道气候变化会带来什么样的问
题，就应当行动起来减少或者规避那些风险。（in her view, act）
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
In her view, if people know what problems climate change can bring, they should act to minimise or avoid those risks.
Translate the sentences with the words or expressions in brackets (括号中).
Exercise II
More practice
Exercise I
Give your own definition of climate change.
Climate change is changes in the usual conditions of the planet (such as temperature and rainfall), especially those caused by human activities.
Read the last sentence in paragraph 2. Suggest another comparison to explain the greenhouse effect.
Think of yourself under a blanket in a cold room. You represent the Earth, a warm body giving off energy, what we usually call “heat”. The blanket represents the atmospheric layer of greenhouse gases. As the heat energy leaves your body, it is absorbed by the fibers of the blanket.
Exercise II
Guided writing
Exercise I
Climate change represents a major threat to life on Earth, but some people argue that we need to accept it rather than try to stop it. 1 ______
Governments could introduce laws to limit the carbon dioxide emissions that lead to global warming. They could impose “green taxes” on drivers, airline companies and other polluters. 2 ______ As individuals, we should also try to limit our contribution to climate change. 3 ______
In conclusion, it is clear to me that we must address the problem of climate change. 4 ______
Fill in the blanks with the sentences marked A, B or C. Pay attention to the words in bold（粗体字）.
A
D
B
C
A For example, we could use more bicycles and public
transport.
B I completely disagree with this opinion, because I believe
that we still have time to tackle this issue and reduce the human impact on Earth’s climate.
C There are various measures that governments and
individuals could take to prevent climate change.
D Also, they could invest in renewable energy production
from solar, wind or water power.
Exercise II
Guiding Tips
In the future, climate change will _____________________ ________. Therefore, it threatens life on Earth. However, some people say it is too difficult to solve this problem because ______
___________________________________________________and __________________________________. I disagree with this opinion. We can all do something to stop climate change. Governments can ______________________ and ___________
______________. Also, individuals can ______________________ _____________________ and __________________________
Write a passage of no less than 70 words about climate change and what can be done about it.
it costs too much to minimise the impact
make stronger regulations
worsen due to human
activities
many
people are not aware of the negative impacts of climate change
invest in
renewable energy
learn more knowledge about
environmental protection
make sustainable lifestyle choices
Exercise II
In conclusion, it is clear to me that ________________________
_______________.
Write a passage of no less than 70 words about climate change and what can be done about it.
we must address the problem
of climate change
A
1 The first nature reserve in China was established in
Guangdong Province in 1954. Since then, the country has built a large number of such reserves, along with wetland and forest parks, resulting in stable growth of some endangered species.
2 At Northeast China Tiger and Leopard National Park, which is located in Jilin and Heilongjiang provinces, the numbers of Siberian tigers（东北虎）and Amur leopards （远东豹）have steadily risen. The total population of the former in the wild now stands at 50, and the latter at 40.
3 Giant Panda National Park, covering a total
area of 22,134 sq km in Sichuan, Shaanxi and
Gansu provinces, has protected wildlife such as
the giant panda, and snub-nosed monkey（金丝猴）, which have seen their populations rise in the past five years.
B
1 The waters of Virgin Islands National Park have warmed nearly two degrees since 1901 resulting in widespread harm to the park’s coral reefs. These reefs are home to diverse species necessary for supporting larger ocean life. Warming water temperatures kill the algae (藻类) living in the coral reefs. This loss of algae turns the coral white resulting in “coral bleaching (珊瑚白化)”. Without the algae, the coral weakens
and can eventually die.
To protect and conserve native plants and animals
To protect natural and unique landscapes
To provide for public recreation within, and enjoyment of natural areas
To protect and conserve cultural heritages and historic sites
To allow for and promote appreciation of nature
To allow for education and research
To provide tourism opportunities
Other
C
What do you think are the main purposes of establishing national parks
(n=819, up to 3 answers allowed)
%
71
59
47
39
26
17
14
1
D
For the variety of living things
All the different plants and animals on Earth make up the variety of living things, or “biodiversity”. We share this planet with all these creatures and we must do our best to protect them. Many plants and animals can only live in certain areas.
National parks protect some of these areas.
There are many good reasons for having national parks. They provide a safe home for native plants and animals. They help keep the air and water clean. They help us learn about the environment. National parks give us places to enjoy.
For a healthy environment
We all need fresh air, clean water and food. Without them we would die. The leaves of plants make fresh air. Their roots hold the soil together, which stops erosion（ 水土流失）and helps keep our waterways clean. National parks have lots of plants so they play a big part in keeping our environment healthy.
Read texts A–D, then decide which text each question below refers to. Write A, B, C or D in the box.
Understanding the text
Which text explains why we need national parks 1 ____________
gives examples of how national parks have protected animals 2 ____________
shows the threat to national parks 3 ____________
lists the purposes of establishing national parks 4 ____________
D
A
B
C
Critical thinking
Exercise I
Read the texts again carefully. Work in pairs. Discuss and answer the questions.
1. Where do you expect to read these texts Write A, B, C or D
in the box.
website
newspaper
fact sheet
report
A
B
C
D
Critical thinking
Exercise I
Read the texts again carefully. Work in pairs. Discuss and answer the questions.
2. What is the difference between a national park and a city
park
National parks are large protected areas known for their diverse vegetation, such as forests, mountains, and deserts, preserving natural habitats and rare species. They are often located in remote or pristine regions and offer activities like hiking, camping, and wildlife observation. City parks, found in urban areas, are smaller. They feature landscaped gardens, lawns, playgrounds, and facilities for activities like sports and picnics. While national parks prioritise environmental conservation, city parks focus on community enjoyment.
If you are going to write a short passage about the importance of national parks, what information from these texts do you want to include Give your reasons.
I want to include the examples in text A and the reasons for having national parks in text D. By understanding the reasons, people will know the importance of national parks more clearly and the examples in text A will help people see the huge positive impact of national parks, which will make the passage more convincing.
Exercise II
Write a passage of around 120 words about the importance of national parks. You can use the information from the texts above.
National parks are crucially important to us human beings. It can greatly improve biodiversity by protecting native plants, animals and natural landscapes. There are already examples such as Northeast China Tiger and Leopard National Park, which shows us that national parks do have a positive impact on protecting the animals. By providing safe homes and keeping the air and water clean, the number of Siberian tigers and Amur leopards has risen significantly in the national park. Unfortunately, some national parks are in danger. The waters of Virgin Islands National Park have warmed nearly two degrees since 1901, which eventually
Exercise III
Write a passage of around 120 words about the importance of national parks. You can use the information from the texts above.
may result in the death of coral reefs. We must try everything we can do to protect the national parks and build more national parks for the sake of the environment.
Exercise III
Expressing yourself
Choose task 1 or 2.
Task 1
Write two more reasons for having national parks to expand text D. You may use text C to help you.
For our enjoyment and health
National parks are places of natural beauty. They are places for people to relax in and enjoy. Many people have fun bushwalking, camping or having a picnic. There are lots of things to do in a national park such as swimming, skiing, painting, taking photographs, enjoying the view and taking in fresh air.
For learning
National parks serve as living classrooms, providing educational opportunities to explore and understand the natural world. Visitors can engage in guided tours to learn about native plants and animals and the way they rely on each other.
Task 1
Write two more reasons for having national parks to expand text D. You may use text C to help you.
Task 2
Choose one national park in China and give a one-minute introduction.
With a planned a rea of 14,065 square kilometres and a forest coverage rate of 97.74 percent, the Northeast China Tiger and Leopard National Park in Jilin and Heilongjiang provinces is the historical home to Siberian tigers and Amur leopards in China, as well as the only area with permanent wild populations and breeding families. The park went into trial operation in 2017. According to the latest data, the number of wild Siberian tigers in the park increased from 27 to 50 during the trial period, while that of Amur leopards has increased from 42 to 60, There are currently more than 10 tiger cubs and 7 leopard cubs being monitored.
Join the clauses in Column A with those in Column B to make logical sentences.
Exercise I
A
1 Unless you have more practice,
2 If you hadn’t telephoned,
3 Even if she apologised,
4 If I hadn’t been so tired,
5 Unless nations act immediately,
6 Even if they do come down
with flu after they’ve had the vaccination,
a
b
c
d
e
f
B
we wouldn’t have got the message.
you won’t pass the driving test.
it’s likely to be less serious.
air pollution deaths will double by 2050.
I wouldn’t have gone to bed early.
I would never invite her again.
B
E
F
A
D
C
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
________ greenhouse gas emissions fell today, the planet would continue to warm by about 0.6°Cover the next century.
The earth will face a plastic pollution disaster ________ we take immediate action.
I always wake up naturally at 7:00 ________ I forget to set the alarm.
The world’s climate and nature crises cannot be solved ________ they are tackled together.
________ the plastic is made for single-use, it will last forever in the environment.
Fill in the blanks with even if or unless.
Even if
Exercise II
unless
even if
unless
Even if
1.
2.
We will face a global water crisis unless ____________________.
I’ll do my best to finish the project even if ________________.
Complete the following sentences.
we take measures now
Exercise III
it is very difficult
Have a Debate
Have a debate: Should we live with climate change, or, should we take action to stop it
Step 1 Think about the following questions.
What is your point about the debate topic
What can governments and individuals do to prevent climate change
What will the costs of stopping climate change be
What are the consequences if we try to live with climate change
Step 2 Gather relevant information to support your point and
write it down.
Step 3 Have a debate. Each team may take turns sharing your
opinions and speaking in response to the arguments made by the other team.
Helpful Expressions
When you are listening to the other side
I see your point, but I think ...
Yes, I understand, but my opinion is that ...
When you need to say something
Let me just respond to that, please.
Forgive me for interrupting, but I must respond to that.
When you give your rebuttal ( 反驳)
Our position is the following ...
Here’s the main point I want to raise ...
When you give concluding statements
Let me summarise our position in this debate.
In summary, we want to point out that ...
Debating Tips
Be confident with your topic.
Do not speak over others.
Try to keep your answers short and sharp.
Remember to think of questions for the other side.
Think about your body language and what it’s saying to
your audience.
“Bicycle Kingdom” makes a comeback
China was once considered to be the “Kingdom of the Bicycle,” with bikes dominating city streets across the country. But over the past four decades, motor vehicles have replaced bicycles as the primary means of transport, contributing to a marked decline in air quality. To improve the environment, many cities put emphasis on cycling, which is helping to cut pollution. In
Hangzhou, the local government has improved bike-friendly infrastructure (基础设施), such as roads and traffic signals and has provided almost 86,000 public bikes. The bike is making a comeback.
Progress Checklist For Unit 3 Tick ( ) the things you can do in English. Viewing, Listening and Speaking Telling the stories behind the seven English idioms
Locating specific information about extreme weather and climate change
Using the problem-solution structure to talk about an environmental issue
Close Reading Giving examples of the impacts of climate change
Writing a short passage about what can be done about climate change
Progress Checklist For Unit 3 Tick ( ) the things you can do in English. Multi-text Reading Identifying the main ideas of different texts about national parks and forming my own ideas based on my analysis
Grammar Highlights Understanding even if and unless and using them correctly
Doing a Project Having a debate about whether or not to live with climate change
Culture and Life Describing the return of the “Kingdom of the Bicycle” and its significance in helping cut pollution
Three, it’s a magic number
Yes, it is, it’s a magic number
Because two times three is six
And three times six is eighteen
And the eighteenth letter in the alphabet is R
We’ve got three R’s we’re going to talk about today
We’ve got to learn to
Reduce, Reuse, Recycle
Reduce, Reuse, Recycle
Reduce, Reuse, Recycle
Reduce, Reuse, Recycle
If you’re going to the market to buy some juice
You’ve got to bring your own bags and you learn to reduce your waste
And if your brother or your sister’s got some cool clothes
You could try them on before you buy some more of those
Reuse we’ve got to learn to reuse
And if the first two R’s don’t work out
And if you’ve got to make some trash
Don’t throw it out
Recycle we’ve got to learn to recycle
We’ve got to learn to
Reduce, Reuse, Recycle
Reduce, Reuse, Recycle
Reduce, Reuse, Recycle
Reduce, Reuse, Recycle
Because three it’s a magic number
Yes, it is, it’s a magic number
3 3 3
3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36
33 30 27 24 21 18 15 12 9 6 and
Three, it’s a magic number
Narrator:
Andrew:
Professor:
Andrew:
Professor:
Andrew:
Professor:
A Swiss student, Andrew approaches his college
English professor, Helen, prior to an exam, asking for some assistance.
Hey, Helen. Do you have a minute
Hey, Andrew. How are you Sure, come on in.
I’m doing quite well, but I had a few questions about the upcoming examination.
Sure. What’s going on
Yesterday I was in the campus library, looking through the reference books recommended by you. I came across a strange saying “to be in hot water”. It was talking about Hollywood, and apparently, a celebrity got into “hot water” about a statement that he made. Can you explain this to me
Sure. It’s a common English phrase. “To be in hot
approach / pr t / v. 接近
campus / k mp s/ n. 校园
come across 遇到
saying /se / n.谚语
celebrity /s ebr t / n. 名人
phrase /fre z/ n. 短语，词组
Andrew:
Professor:
Andrew:
Professor:
Andrew:
water” implies that a person has fallen into a tricky or serious situation.
I see, so by failing to prepare for that upcoming
examination, I could find myself in “hot water”
Not quite. I would say “hot water” — it tends to
describe a more serious kind of trouble. For example,
if someone breaks the law they can be in hot water
with the police.
That’s a weird phrase. Where exactly did it come
from
One story says it came from a custom of throwing
extremely hot water down onto enemies attacking a castle.
I see. That’s quite interesting. Also I have another
question about the upcoming examination. How best
imply / m pla / v. 含有……的意思
tricky / tr k / adj. 难办的；难对付的
custom / k st m/ n. 风俗；习俗
Professor:
Andrew:
Professor:
Andrew:
can I prepare for it I’m worried because I know it is one of the first exams of the semester and I don’t want to get started on the wrong foot.
Andrew, you’ve got a good head on your shoulders and you seem to be a serious student. I can say at
this point you’ve got it in the bag. The first exam is
usually just a test to see which of my students are
more serious about the work, and how the class is
following the material as a whole.
What do you mean, “in the bag”
The introduction of the modern paper bag led to its birth. “In the bag” is like saying that it is certain that you’ll do fine. I can tell when it comes to academics, you’re quite an eager beaver.
Again, I’m confused. What is an eager beaver
semester /s mest / n.学期
as a whole 总体上
eager / i ɡ / adj. 渴望的；渴求的
confuse /k n fju z/ v. 使糊涂；使迷惑
Professor:
Andrew:
Professor:
Andrew:
An eager beaver ― it’s just another way of describing a hard-working person by means of an animal. It’s generally known that the beaver is among the most hard-working of the animal society.
OK, I understand. Thank you for your help, Helen.
No problem, Andrew. Keep up with the studying and reading. I’m sure you’ll do fine on the upcoming examination. Have a good weekend.
See you next Monday, Helen. And you also have a
good weekend.
Narrator:
Andrew:
Professor:
Andrew:
Professor:
Andrew:
Professor:
A Swiss student, Andrew approaches his college
English professor, Helen, prior to an exam, asking for some assistance.
Hey, Helen. Do you have a minute
Hey, Andrew. How are you Sure, come on in.
I’m doing quite well, but I had a few questions about the upcoming examination.
Sure. What’s going on
Yesterday I was in the campus library, looking through the reference books recommended by you. I came across a strange saying “to be in hot water”. It was talking about Hollywood, and apparently, a celebrity got into “hot water” about a statement that he made. Can you explain this to me
Sure. It’s a common English phrase. “To be in hot
campus / k mp s/ n. 校园
come across 遇到
saying /se / n.谚语
celebrity /s ebr t / n. 名人
approach / pr t / v. 接近
phrase /fre z/ n. 短语，词组
Andrew:
Professor:
Andrew:
Professor:
Andrew:
water” implies that a person has fallen into a tricky or serious situation.
I see, so by failing to prepare for that upcoming
examination, I could find myself in “hot water”
Not quite. I would say “hot water” — it tends to
describe a more serious kind of trouble. For example,
if someone breaks the law they can be in hot water
with the police.
That’s a weird phrase. Where exactly did it come
from
One story says it came from a custom of throwing
extremely hot water down onto enemies attacking a castle.
I see. That’s quite interesting. Also I have another
question about the upcoming examination. How best
imply / m pla / v. 含有……的意思
tricky / tr k / adj. 难办的；难对付的
custom / k st m/ n. 风俗；习俗
Professor:
Andrew:
Professor:
Andrew:
can I prepare for it I’m worried because I know it is one of the first exams of the semester and I don’t want to get started on the wrong foot.
Andrew, you’ve got a good head on your shoulders and you seem to be a serious student. I can say at
this point you’ve got it in the bag. The first exam is
usually just a test to see which of my students are
more serious about the work, and how the class is
following the material as a whole.
What do you mean, “in the bag”
The introduction of the modern paper bag led to its birth. “In the bag” is like saying that it is certain that you’ll do fine. I can tell when it comes to academics, you’re quite an eager beaver.
Again, I’m confused. What is an eager beaver
semester /s mest / n.学期
as a whole 总体上
eager / i ɡ / adj. 渴望的；渴求的
confuse /k n fju z/ v. 使糊涂；使迷惑
Professor:
Andrew:
Professor:
Andrew:
An eager beaver ― it’s just another way of describing a hard-working person by means of an animal. It’s generally known that the beaver is among the most hard-working of the animal society.
OK, I understand. Thank you for your help, Helen.
No problem, Andrew. Keep up with the studying and reading. I’m sure you’ll do fine on the upcoming examination. Have a good weekend.
See you next Monday, Helen. And you also have a
good weekend.
Leo:
Kay:
Leo:
Kay:
Leo:
Kay:
Hey, Kay. How was the picnic over the weekend
Leo, didn’t you notice the bad weather There was flooding. We had to cancel the picnic.
What a pity! There’s a lot of nasty weather these days, isn’t there I don’t think there has ever been a year like this, especially a summer, that has seen so many extreme weather events.
You’re right. And it’s not just here. The whole world is suffering. Heatwaves, floods, wildfires … Did you read about the record-breaking heatwave that hit the US and Canada Over 700 people died, because it was too hot! It’s crazy.
I did read about that. It is crazy . Did you watch the news last night
No. What’d they say
Leo:
Kay:
Leo:
Kay:
There was a report about climate change, and how it’ll affect us here in the UK. They said we could expect more hot days, more droughts, and more days of heavy rain.
Climate change … I remember when it seemed like something in the future. But it’s here now, isn’t it
Afraid so. But there is hope. The news report said that everything depends on the severity of climate change in the future. So, if we can get climate change under control, the weather won’t be so extreme in the future.
I hope so. I really don’t want any more extreme weather. I just want to have a nice summer picnic!
Leo:
Kay:
Leo:
Kay:
Leo:
Kay:
Hey, Kay. How was the picnic over the weekend
Leo, didn’t you notice the bad weather There was flooding. We had to cancel the picnic.
What a pity! There’s a lot of nasty weather these days, isn’t there I don’t think there has ever been a year like this, especially a summer, that has seen so many extreme weather events.
You’re right. And it’s not just here. The whole world is suffering. Heatwaves, floods, wildfires … Did you read about the record-breaking heatwave that hit the US and Canada Over 700 people died, because it was too hot! It’s crazy.
I did read about that. It is crazy . Did you watch the news last night
No. What’d they say
Leo:
Kay:
Leo:
Kay:
There was a report about climate change, and how it’ll affect us here in the UK. They said we could expect more hot days, more droughts, and more days of heavy rain.
Climate change … I remember when it seemed like something in the future. But it’s here now, isn’t it
Afraid so. But there is hope. The news report said that everything depends on the severity of climate change in the future. So, if we can get climate change under control, the weather won’t be so extreme in the future.
I hope so. I really don’t want any more extreme weather. I just want to have a nice summer picnic!
Good evening, and welcome to World News Tonight. I’m your host, Jon Broker. Our top story: A new study has examined how extreme weather events in the UK, such as heatwaves, heavy rainfall, and very cold conditions, could change with different levels of future global warming. The study found that as global warming becomes more severe, there will be more days of heatwaves, drought, and flooding in the UK each year. These extreme weather events could cause impacts across many sectors in the UK, such as health, transport, agriculture, and energy. Lead author Dr Helen Hanlon said, “Our research clearly shows that the more we warm the planet through human-caused climate change, the more severe weather we can expect in the UK. Severe weather can impact our health, our ability to go to work, and even our ability to buy food.”
Climate scientists widely agree that climate change is already
causing extreme weather in the UK. Each year, summer days break new high-temperature records. One study found that extreme rainfall, like the record rainfall observed on the third of October last year, should be a 1-in-300-year event. However, in the current climate, it is now a 1-in-100-year event. To tell us more about this issue, we now go to …
Good evening, and welcome to World News Tonight. I’m your host, Jon Broker. Our top story: A new study has examined how extreme weather events in the UK, such as heatwaves, heavy rainfall, and very cold conditions, could change with different levels of future global warming. The study found that as global warming becomes more severe, there will be more days of heatwaves, drought, and flooding in the UK each year. These extreme weather events could cause impacts across many sectors in the UK, such as health, transport, agriculture, and energy. Lead author Dr Helen Hanlon said, “Our research clearly shows that the more we warm the planet through human-caused climate change, the more severe weather we can expect in the UK. Severe weather can impact our health, our ability to go to work, and even our ability to buy food.”
Climate scientists widely agree that climate change is already
causing extreme weather in the UK. Each year, summer days break new high-temperature records. One study found that extreme rainfall, like the record rainfall observed on the third of October last year, should be a 1-in-300-year event. However, in the current climate, it is now a 1-in-100-year event. To tell us more about this issue, we now go to …
气候变化
地球的大气层使我们的行星免受严寒或酷暑的极端天
气。在白天，水蒸气和一些其他气体让部分太阳的热量进入大气层；在夜间，一些热量从地球逸出，但并非全部。所以总的说来，地球的温度对于我们和别的生物体来说刚刚好。
（Para. 1）
然而，随着工业的发展，人们已经向大气层排放了太多额外的气体。二氧化碳和其他某些污染物都是温室气体，它们使得地球储热能力增强。久而久之，额外的热量积少成
多，造成温室效应。这就有点像一辆整天停在夏日烈阳下的汽车内部升温的过程。
（Para. 2）
自1880年以来，地球的海陆温度已经上升了几近一摄
氏度。政府间气候变化专门委员会表示：“自20世纪中叶以来，人类活动很有可能是驱使温度上升的主要因素。”
（Para. 3）
温室气体的排放量仍在增加。美国环境保护局认为，要是人们不限制排放，到本世纪末，全球的温度可能至多上涨5摄氏度。即使人们实施一些有益的措施，温度也仍有可能爬升1.5 摄氏度。
（Para. 4）
也许小小的几度听上去没那么糟，但小规模的暖化会融化南北两极的冰雪，进而使得海平面上涨，导致海岸线上的城镇发生洪涝。
（Para. 5）
有些地方则尤其危险。在意大利，美丽的威尼斯城市高度紧扣着海平面，未来的某一天这座城市很可能销声匿
迹。作为地球上地势最低平的国家，马尔代夫这一类国度甚至可能整个被淹没在海平面以下。
（Para. 6）
微微几度的气候变化也足以增大极端天气的风险：狂风暴雨、漫长的酷热期、旱灾和山火等灾害更容易发生。一位海洋学家说：“这些都不会是暂时性的改变。”
（Para. 7）
近来的几个极端天气事件展示了这些影响当中的一部分是怎样的。“ 我们正在经受着一段截然不同的气候，” 一位气象学家声称，“ 但我们必须向前看。”
（Para. 8）
来想想最近的一些极端天气事件吧：中、美、德三国都被极端强降雨所袭击；旱灾和山火也在俄罗斯东部的西伯利亚等多地发生。西伯利亚是地球上最冷的地区之一，却在2021年多次经历热浪与山火，科学家认为气候变化于此难逃干系。
（Para. 9）
一位社会学家倡议：“ 坐以待毙绝非上策。” 在她看来，既然人们知道气候变化会带来何等麻烦，他们就应该尽力试着最小化，或者最好避免这些风险。不然的话，她
说：“ 我们正在使大规模的群众身处险境。”
（Para. 10）
气候变化
地球的大气层使我们的行星免受严寒或酷暑的极端天
气。在白天，水蒸气和一些其他热量让部分太阳的暖气进入大气层；在夜间，一些热量从地球逸出，但并非全部。所以总的说来，地球的温度对于我们和别的生物体来说刚刚好。
然而，随着工业的发展，人们已经向大气层排放了太多额外的气体。二氧化碳和其他某些污染物都是温室气体，它们使得地球储热能力增强。久而久之，额外的热量积少成
多，造成温室效应。这就有点像一辆整天停在夏日烈阳下的汽车内部升温的过程。
自1880 年以来，地球的海陆温度已经上升了几近一摄氏度。政府间气候变化专门委员会表示：“自20世纪中叶以来，人类活动很有可能是驱使温度上升的主要因素。”
温室气体的排放量仍在增加。美国环境保护局认为，要是人们不限制排放，到本世纪末，全球的温度可能至多上涨5 摄氏度。即使人们实施一些有益的措施，温度也仍有可能爬升1.5摄氏度。”
也许小小的几度听上去没那么糟，但小规模的暖化会融化南北两极的冰雪，进而使得海平面上涨，导致海岸线上的城镇发生洪涝。
有些地方则尤其危险。在意大利，美丽的威尼斯城市高度紧扣着海平面，未来的某一天这个城市很可能销声匿
迹。作为地球上地势最低平的国家，马尔代夫这一类国度甚至可能整个被淹没在海平面以下。
微微几度的气候变化也足以增大极端天气的风险：狂风暴雨、漫长的酷热期、旱灾和山火等灾害更容易发生。一位海洋学家说：“ 这些都不会是暂时性的改变。”
近来的几个极端天气展示了这些影响当中的一部分是怎样的。“ 我们正在经受着一段截然不同的气候，” 一位气象学家声称，“ 但我们必须向前看。”
来想想最近的一些极端天气事件吧：中、美、德三国都被极端强降雨所袭击；旱灾和山火也在俄罗斯东部的西伯利亚等多地发生。西伯利亚是地球上最冷的地区之一，却在2021年多次经历热浪与山火，科学家认为气候变化于此难逃干系。
一位社会学家倡议：“ 坐以待毙绝非上策。” 在她看来，既然人们知道气候变化会带来何等麻烦，他们就应该尽力试着最小化，或者最好避免这些风险。不然的话，她
说：“ 我们正在使大规模的群众身处险境。”
1956年，中国第一个生态保护区在广东省建成。从那以后，由于中国建成了大量此类保护区，以及湿地、森林公园等，很多濒临灭绝的物种数量得以稳定增加。
（Para. 1）
在吉林省和黑龙江省建成的东北虎豹国家公园中，东北虎和远东豹的数量稳稳上升。前者野生东北虎总体数量现在达到50只，后者远东豹有40只。
（Para. 2）
坐落于四川省，陕西省和甘肃省、总共占地面积为22134 平方千米的大熊猫国家公园，保护了诸如大熊猫，金丝猴等野生动物，使他们等数量在过去五年里上升。
（Para. 3）
1956年，中国第一个生态保护区在广东省建成。从那以后，由于中国建成了大量此类保护区，以及湿地、森林公园等，很多濒临灭绝的物种数量得以稳定增加。
在吉林省和黑龙江省建成的东北虎豹国家公园中，东北虎和远东豹的数量稳稳上升。前者野生东北虎总体数量现在达到50只，后者远东豹有40只。
坐落于四川省，陕西省和甘肃省、总共占地面积为22134 平方千米的大熊猫国家公园，保护了诸如大熊猫，金丝猴等野生动物，使他们等数量在过去五年里上升。
维尔京群岛国家公园的水域的水温从1901年以来上升了两度，这使公园内的珊瑚礁广泛收到伤害。这些珊瑚礁容纳了许多不同的物种，供养着更大的海洋生命体。上升的水温正在杀死生活在珊瑚礁里的藻类。藻类的缺失会导致“珊瑚白化”。没有藻类，珊瑚礁会变虚弱甚至消失。
您认为建设国家公园的主要目的有哪些？
（总计参与人数819人，最多可选三项）
为了保护并保留本土的动植物
为了保护自然的独特地貌
为了提供涵盖的公共娱乐，以及自然区域的享受
为了保护并保留文化遗产和古迹
宣传、领略自然之美
教育研究
旅游机遇
其它
建设国家公园有许多原因。它们为本土的动植物提供了家园。它们让空气和水保持干净。它们帮助我们了解环
境。国家公园为我们的享受提供了好去处。
（Para. 1）
对于生物多样性而言
地球上所有不同的动植物组成了生物的种类，亦可称作为“生物多样性”。我们与所有这些生物共享这颗星球，我们也必须要尽己所能来保护他们。许多动植物只能生存在特定的区域。国家公园提供了一部分这些区域。
（Para. 2）
对于一个健康的环境而言
我们需要新鲜空气，干净的水资源和食物。没有它
们，我们就会死亡。植物的叶子释放了新鲜空气。他们的根使土壤稳固，这阻止了水土流失，也保持我们的水路洁净。国家公园有如此多的植物，以至于他们对于保持我们的环境健康起了重要作用。
（Para. 3）
建设国家公园有许多原因。它们为本土的动植物提供了家园。它们让空气和水保持干净。它们帮助我们了解环
境。国家公园为我们的享受提供了好去处。
对于生物多样性而言
地球上所有不同的动植物组成了生物的种类，亦可称作为“生物多样性”。我们与所有这些生物共享这颗星球，我们也必须要尽己所能来保护他们。许多动植物只能生存在特定的区域。国家公园提供了一部分这些区域。
对于一个健康的环境而言
我们需要新鲜空气，干净的水资源和食物。没有它
们，我们就会死亡。植物的叶子释放了新鲜空气。他们的根使土壤稳固，这阻止了水土流失，也保持我们的水路洁净。国家公园有如此多的植物，以至于他们对于保持我们的环境健康起了重要作用。
中国曾被誉为“自行车的王国”，因为自行车占据了国家中城市街道的主导地位。但是在近四十年间，汽车代替了自行车作为主要的交通方式，这使得空气质量显著下降。为了保护环境，许多城市重视骑行，因为它能够帮助减少污染。在杭州，当地政府改进了“自行车友好”的基础设施，比如说道路和交通信号，提供了将近86 000辆共享单车。自行车正在回归。
“自行车王国”归来
It’s “extremely likely” that human activities have been the main factor driving that increase since the mid-
twentieth century, says the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. (lines 16–19)
政府间气候变化专门委员会表示，人类活动”极有可能“是自二十世纪中期以来促使气温升高的主要因素。
这是一句由 It’s “extremely likely” that 引导的从句 “extremely likely” 加引号表示直接引用说话方的原话；driving 引导的动名词短语作定语，用来修饰 factor，that increase 指的是前文的全球气温升高。
Melting ice raises sea levels and can lead to flooding in cities and towns along coastlines. (lines 29–31)
冰雪融化使海平面上升，并可能导致海岸线上的城市和城镇发生洪水。
A few degrees of climate change are also enough to increase the risks for extreme weather events.
(lines 36–37)
几度的气候变化也足以增加极端天气事件发生的风险。
be enough to 的意思是“足以使得……”，后面接动词原形。
“We’re putting large groups of people in harm’s way.” (line 49)
put sb in harm’s way 将某人置于危险之中
If we don’t leave this room right away, we’ll be putting all
these guests in harm’s way.
如果我们不马上撤离这个房间，将会将这些宾客置于危险之中。
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
Hey, have you finished your research on endangered species
Yes, I spent half a week exploring the topic. It seems like we are losing more and more species every year.
I did read about it. It’s a big problem. What do you think is causing so many species to become endangered
We humans are part of the causes. We destroy natural habitats and push animals out of their homes. We kill the animals for fashion, for food, or even for pleasure.
Yes. Pollution and climate change are also major factors. They can cause changes in the environment that makes it difficult for species to survive.
Exactly. It’s not just the animals and plants that are affected. When species are endangered, it can have a ripple effect on the ecosystem. For example, the food chain will be disrupted.
A:
B:
A:
B:
Yes. That will have a serious impact on the ability of remaining species to survive, including humans. We depend on species diversity and healthy ecosystems to provide food, clean air and water, and fertile soil for agriculture.
Sounds terrible! What can we do to address this problem
Well, we can prevent that from happening. For example, we can restrict land development, create biodiversity action plans, and protect species by legislation.
I can’t agree with you more. And I believe we should also raise awareness about the importance of biodiversity and the need to protect endangered species. Every little bit helps.

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