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2025年中考英语语法系统汇总
一、句子结构与类型
1. 基本句型
主+系+表：She is a teacher.
主+谓：Birds fly.
主+谓+宾：He reads books.
主+谓+间宾+直宾：She gave me a gift.
主+谓+宾+宾补：We call him Jack.
2. 疑问句
一般疑问句：结构为“Be/助动词/情态动词+主语+其他？”，如：Can you swim
特殊疑问句：以疑问词开头，如：Where did you go
选择疑问句：提供选项，如：Tea or coffee
反义疑问句：前肯定后否定，如：You are a student, aren’t you
二、动词相关语法
1. 时态
现在完成时：表示过去动作对现在的影响，结构为“have/has + 过去分词”，如：I have finished my homework.
过去进行时：表示过去某时正在进行的动作，如：She was reading when I called.
一般过去时 vs 过去完成时：过去完成时强调“过去的过去”，如：By 8 PM, he had left.
2. 被动语态
结构：be + 过去分词，如：The letter was written by Tom.
注意：不及物动词（如happen）无被动语态。
3. 非谓语动词
不定式：作主语、宾语、定语等，如：To learn English is important.
动名词：作主语或宾语，如：Swimming is fun.
分词：现在分词表主动（a running car），过去分词表被动（a broken window）。
三、从句与复合句
1. 宾语从句
引导词：that（可省略）、if/whether（表是否）、疑问代词/副词（what, where等）。
语序：陈述句语序，如：He asked if I liked apples.
时态一致：主句过去时，从句用相应过去时态。
2. 定语从句
关系代词：who（人主）、whom（人宾）、which（物）、that（通用）。
关系副词：when（时间）、where（地点）。
限制性与非限制性区别：非限制性从句用逗号隔开，如：Tom, who is my friend, is here.
3. 状语从句
条件状语从句：If it rains, we will stay at home.
时间状语从句：When I arrived, the meeting had started.
比较状语从句：She runs as fast as a professional athlete.
四、比较与比较级
1. 同级比较：as...as，如：He is as tall as his brother.
2. 比较级：er或more...，如：This book is more interesting.
3. 最高级：the est或the most...，如：She is the smartest in class.
4. 越…越…：The more..., the more...，如：The more you practice, the better you get.
五、重点语法辨析
1. 介词用法
in（大范围时间/地点）、on（具体日期/表面）、at（小时间点）。
by表“到…为止”或“通过方式”，如：By 2025, we will finish the project.
2. 动词短语
spend（人作主语）+时间/钱+on sth / (in) doing sth.
take（物作主语）+时间，如：It takes me an hour to read.
cost（物作主语）+钱，如：The book cost me $10.
3. 易混词对比
used to do（过去习惯） vs be used to doing（习惯于）。
borrow（借入） vs lend（借出）。
六、高频考点与易错点
1. 主谓一致
语法一致：主语是单数，谓语用单数（The dog is cute.）。
就近原则：either...or, neither...nor，如：Neither he nor I am right.
2. 直接引语转间接引语
人称、时态、指示代词需调整，如：He said, “I am happy.” → He said that he was happy.
3. 双重否定表肯定
如：Nobody doesn’t know the answer.（所有人都知道）
2025年中考英语语法汇总
一、动词时态
1. 一般现在时
概念：表示经常发生的动作、存在的状态或习惯性的行为。
结构：主语 + be（am/is/are） + 其他（表状态）；主语 + 动词原形/动词第三人称单数形式 + 其他（表动作）。
标志词：often, usually, sometimes, always, every day/week/month/year 等。
例句：I am a student.（表状态）；She often goes to school by bike.（表动作，主语是第三人称单数，动词用goes）。
2. 现在进行时
概念：表示此刻正在进行或现阶段正在进行的动作。
结构：主语 + am/is/are + 动词现在分词 + 其他。
标志词：now, at the moment, look, listen 等。
例句：Look! They are playing football on the playground.
3. 一般过去时
概念：表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。
结构：主语 + was/were + 其他（表状态）；主语 + 动词过去式 + 其他（表动作）。
标志词：yesterday, last week/month/year, ago, in 过去年份等。
例句：I was at home yesterday. He went to Beijing last month.
4. 一般将来时
概念：表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态。
结构：will + 动词原形；be going to + 动词原形（表示计划、打算做某事或有迹象表明即将发生某事）。
标志词：tomorrow, next week/month/year, in 将来时间段等。
例句：I will go shopping tomorrow. It's going to rain. Look at those black clouds.
二、被动语态
概念：表示主语是动作的承受者，通常由“be + 过去分词”构成。
结构：主语 + be（am/is/are/was/were） + 过去分词 + 其他。
例句：The book was written by him.（这本书是他写的。）
三、非谓语动词
不定式：to + 动词原形，表示目的、原因、结果等。
动名词：动词 + ing，表示正在进行的动作或经常性的动作。
分词：现在分词（动词 + ing）和过去分词（动词的过去式形式变化），用作形容词或副词，表示主动或被动的动作。
四、形容词和副词
形容词：用来修饰名词或代词，表示人或事物的性质、特征或状态。
副词：用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或整个句子，表示时间、地点、方式、程度等。
比较级和最高级：形容词和副词都有比较级和最高级形式，用于比较。
五、宾语从句
概念：在句子中充当宾语的从句，通常由连词（如that, whether, if等）引导。
结构：主语 + 谓语 + 连词 + 从句（主语 + 谓语 + 其他）。
例句：I know that he is honest.（我知道他是诚实的。）
六、冠词和数词
1. 冠词
不定冠词：a/an，用于泛指一个或一类事物。
定冠词：the，用于特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。
零冠词：在特定情况下，名词前不使用冠词。
2. 数词
基数词：表示数量的词，如one, two, three等。
序数词：表示顺序的词，如first, second, third等。
七、其他重要语法点
名词：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的词，有单复数之分，还有名词所有格。
代词：用来代替名词的词，包括人称代词、指示代词、不定代词等。
介词：表示名词或代词与句子中其他成分之间关系的词。
连词：连接词、短语或句子的词。
感叹句：表示强烈感情或语气的句子。2025年中考英语作文的万能模板及范文2
通用模板
标题：(题目)
引言：在现代社会中，(主题)变得越来越重要。无论是从个人生活还是社会发展的角度来看，(主题)都起着关键作用。
正文：
第一段：(讨论第一个观点或论据)。
第二段：(讨论第二个观点或论据)。
第三段：(讨论第三个观点或论据)。
结尾：总的来说，(重申主题)在我们的生活中扮演着重要的角色。未来，我们需要(提出个人观点或建议)，以便更好地应对这一挑战。
具体模板及范文
写人类记叙文模板：I have made many good friends. （人物姓名）is one of them. She is （总体给人的感觉）. She is tall and （身材）. Her hair is （头发）. She always wears （表情）and gives us the impression that （给人的印象）. （人物姓名）is always willing to （性格）. She is good at （特长）. Whenever I have problems, I （寻求帮助等情况）. Once （引出事例）. To my surprise, （具体做法或结果）. We will （可能会发生的情况）, but I hope （表达愿望）.
写人类记叙文范文：
题目：My special friend
内容：Do you know Mr. Smith He is my English teacher. He is special to me because he treats me as a good friend. He always wears a smile and gives me the impression that he can help me out whenever I am in difficulty. He has a good sense of humor and likes making friends. His classes are very interesting. After class, he often helps me with my English. He never smokes. He likes playing football. He likes China so much that he is planning to live in China in the future. He is my special friend who I like very much, and I hope I can keep in touch with him.
议论文模板：
正方观点：Most of the students are in favor of it. Here are the reasons. First... Second... Finally...（列出2 - 3个赞成的理由）
结论：Personally speaking, the advantages overweight the disadvantages, for it will do us more harm than good, so I support it.（个人观点）
导入：Some people hold the opinion that A is superior to B in many ways. Others, however, argue that B is much better. Personally, I would prefer A because I think A has more advantages.
结论：From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that A is a better choice.
议论文范文：
题目：Whether students should have homework on weekends
内容：Homework has always been a hot topic of debate among students, parents, and educators. One particular question that often arises is whether students should have homework on weekends. In my opinion, I believe that students should not have homework on weekends for several reasons. Firstly, weekends should be a time for students to relax and recharge. Throughout the week, students are busy attending classes, completing assignments, and participating in extracurricular activities. Having homework on weekends deprives them of much needed rest and leisure time, which is essential for their overall well being. Secondly, weekends provide an opportunity for students to pursue their hobbies and interests. Whether it's painting, playing a musical instrument, or engaging in sports, these activities help students develop their talents and skills outside of the academic realm. Homework on weekends can limit the time available for such pursuits, preventing students from exploring their passions and becoming well rounded individuals. In conclusion, while homework is an important part of learning, it should not encroach on students' weekend time. By allowing students to have a break from academic work, they can return to school on Monday feeling refreshed and ready to learn.2025年中考英语作文的万能模板及范文3
一、万能模板框架
1. 开头段（引入主题）
现象/观点引入
"With the rapid development of technology/society, ______ has become a hot topic."
"Recently, more and more people are discussing whether ______."
"It is wellknown that ______ plays a vital role in our daily life."
名言/谚语引入
"As the saying goes, '______'. This sentence perfectly reflects the importance of ______."
2. 主体段（论述/举例）
分论点展开
总起句： "First and foremost, ______."
举例： "For instance, ______ (具体案例)."
数据论证： "According to a survey, ______% of people believe ______."
对比分析： "On one hand, ______. On the other hand, ______."
建议/措施
"To address this issue, it is essential to ______."
"Schools should ______, while individuals can ______."
3. 结尾段（总结/呼吁）
总结观点
"In conclusion, only by ______ can we achieve ______."
"It is undeniable that ______ will greatly benefit our future."
呼吁行动
"Let’s take immediate action to ______!"
"Everyone’s effort counts. Let’s work together!"
二、高频主题范文示例
1. 观点对比类（利弊讨论）
题目：Should students use smartphones in school
范文：
> The Debate Over Smartphone Use in Schools
> With smartphones becoming common among teenagers, whether they should be allowed in schools has sparked heated debates.
> Supporters argue that smartphones are useful learning tools. For example, students can use educational apps to research topics or practice language skills. However, opponents highlight the risks: excessive screen time harms eyesight, and games may distract students from studies.
> In my view, a balanced approach is best. Schools could set specific times for smartphone use in classrooms, while banning them during exams. This way, we can harness their benefits without compromising education.
2. 建议措施类（社会问题）
题目：How to protect the environment
范文：
> Our Responsibility to Save the Earth
> Environmental pollution has reached alarming levels. To tackle this crisis, here are my suggestions:
> First, governments should enforce stricter laws against factories that discharge waste illegally. Second, citizens can reduce plastic use by carrying reusable bags. Most importantly, raising public awareness through education is key.
> Remember, "Every small action counts." If we all do our part, a greener future is within reach.
3. 个人经历类（难忘事件）
题目：An Unforgettable Experience
范文：
> A Lesson in Kindness
> Last winter, I volunteered at a nursing home. Meeting the elderly there taught me the value of compassion. One old lady, Mrs. Li, shared stories of her youth, making me realize how much wisdom they hold.
> This experience made me understand that happiness comes not from material things, but from connecting with others. As the saying goes, "A warm heart lights up the darkest days."
三、高分技巧与注意事项
1. 灵活套用模板：根据题目调整模板内容，避免生搬硬套。例如，议论文中可加入谚语或数据增强说服力。
2. 丰富句式结构：
使用复合句： "Although it was challenging, I finally succeeded because..."
强调句型： "It is perseverance that leads to success."
3. 词汇升级：
替换基础词：用 "significant" 代替 "important"，用 "beneficial" 代替 "good"。
加入衔接词： "Furthermore", "In contrast", "For instance"。
4. 卷面整洁：分段清晰，每段58句，避免涂改。
四、万能金句库
1. 开头/结尾
"The importance of ______ cannot be overstated."
"Only through joint efforts can we ______."
2. 观点表达
"From my perspective, ______ is not merely a choice, but a necessity."
"Statistics show that ______, which calls for immediate attention."
3. 呼吁类
"Let’s join hands to create a better world!"
"Your small step today can make a huge difference tomorrow."2025年中考英语作文万能模板及范文
一、万能模板
记叙文
写人类
篇首句：
Once there lived a (人物身份) named (人物姓名).
(人物姓名) is a (年龄) years old (性别)，born into a (贫穷/富裕) family.
篇中句：
(人物姓名) is (总体给人的感觉). (He/She) is (身高描述) and (身材描述).
(His/Her) hair is (头发描述). (He/She) always wears (表情描述) and gives us the impression that (给人的印象).
(人物姓名) is always willing to (性格特征). (He/She) is good at (特长).
One day, (具体事例). To my surprise, (具体做法或结果).
篇尾句：
From (人物姓名)'s experience, I learned that (得到的启示或感受).
Now I understand (人物的性格或品质). I will never forget (人物姓名).
记事类
开头：
I still remember the day when...
It was an (形容词) day when...
中间：
First, (事件开始情况).
Then, (事件发展).
After that, (进一步发展).
Finally, (事件结果).
结尾：
What an unforgettable experience! I will remember it forever.
From this event, I realized that...
议论文
正反观点式
导入：
Recently, we've had a heated discussion about whether we should (导入话题). Opinions are divided.
正方观点：
Most people are in favor of it. Here are the reasons: First, ... Second, ... Finally, ...
反方观点：
However, others strongly oppose it. Their reasons are as follows: In the first place, ... What's more, ... In addition, ...
结论：
Personally speaking, the advantages outweigh the disadvantages. So I support it.
“A or B”类
导入：
Some people prefer A, while others argue that B is better. Personally, I would choose A because I think A has more advantages.
正文：
The main reason why I prefer A is that ... Another reason is that ...
结论：
From what has been discussed above, we may safely conclude that A is a better choice.
应用文
倡议书
开头：
Nowadays, (背景描述). It's high time that we (倡议的目的或意义).
正文：
Firstly, we should ... Secondly, ... Thirdly, ...
结尾：
I sincerely hope everyone can join us and (具体的行动或目标).
发言稿
开头：
Good morning/afternoon/evening, everyone. I'm (姓名) from (班级/组织). I'm honored to be here to share my thoughts on (主题).
正文：
Firstly, ... Secondly, ... Thirdly, ...
结尾：
In conclusion, ... Thank you for your attention.
二、范文示例
记叙文：我的朋友
篇首句：
Once there lived a kindhearted girl named Lily.
篇中句：
Lily is a 15yearold girl, born into a middleclass family. She is tall and slim, with long curly hair. She always wears a warm smile and gives us the impression that she is very friendly. Lily is always willing to help others. She is good at painting. One day, I forgot to bring my textbook to school. To my surprise, Lily lent me hers without hesitation.
篇尾句：
From Lily's experience, I learned that true friendship is always ready to help. I will never forget Lily.
议论文：是否应该穿校服
导入：
Recently, we've had a heated discussion about whether students should wear uniforms at school. Opinions are divided.
正方观点：
Most students are in favor of it. Here are the reasons: First, uniforms can reduce peer pressure on clothing. Second, uniforms create a sense of unity and belonging among students. Finally, uniforms save time and effort in choosing clothes every day.
反方观点：
However, others strongly oppose it. Their reasons are as follows: In the first place, uniforms limit students' individuality. What's more, uniforms may not be suitable for all weather conditions. In addition, uniforms can be expensive for some families.
结论：
Personally speaking, the advantages outweigh the disadvantages. Uniforms can foster a sense of equality and discipline among students. So I support the idea of wearing uniforms.
倡议书：做一个有美德的青少年
开头：
Nowadays, teenagers are the future of our society. It's high time that we encouraged them to be virtue teenagers.
正文：
Firstly, we should encourage teenagers to respect their elders and teachers. Secondly, we should teach them to be honest and trustworthy. Thirdly, we should promote a sense of responsibility and community service among teenagers.
结尾：
I sincerely hope everyone can join us and strive to be a virtue teenager. Together, we can make our society a better place.2025中考英语作文素材
一、不同类型作文万能模板
（一）书信类
开头：
Dear [收信人称呼],
I hope this letter finds you well. I am writing to [说明写信目的].
正文：
根据具体写作内容分段阐述。如果是咨询信息，可以说 “I have some questions regarding...”；如果是提出建议，“Here are some suggestions that might be helpful...”；若是表达感谢，“I really appreciate...”
结尾：
Thank you for your time and consideration.
Looking forward to your reply.
Best regards,
[你的名字]
（二）观点阐述类
开头：
Recently, the issue of [话题] has been brought into focus. Different people hold different opinions on this matter. In my opinion...
正文：
First of all, [理由一] and it can be clearly seen from [举例说明理由一]. Secondly, [理由二]. For example, [举例说明理由二].
结尾：
In conclusion, although there are different views, I firmly believe that [重述自己的观点].
（三）事件描述类
开头：
It was a/an [形容词，如 exciting, unforgettable 等] day when [事件发生背景简要介绍].
正文：
The event started with [事件起始情况]. Then, [事件发展过程]. What impressed me most was [最令人印象深刻的部分].
结尾：
This event left a deep impression on me. It not only [带来的影响一] but also [带来的影响二].
二、不同类型作文范文
（一）书信类
题目：你叫李华，你的英国笔友 Tom 对中国传统节日端午节很感兴趣，写信向你询问相关信息，请你给他回信介绍端午节。
Dear Tom,
I hope this letter finds you well. I am writing to introduce the Dragon Boat Festival to you as you showed great interest in it.
The Dragon Boat Festival is one of the most important traditional festivals in China, which is celebrated on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month. It is mainly in memory of Qu Yuan, a patriotic poet in ancient China.
During this festival, there are various interesting activities. The most famous one is the dragon boat race. People gather along the river to watch the exciting competition. Teams of rowers paddle the boats as fast as they can, following the rhythm of the drumbeat. Another tradition is eating zongzi. Zongzi is a kind of delicious rice dumpling wrapped in bamboo leaves. There are different fillings inside, like sweet red bean paste or savory meat.
I really hope you can come to China someday to experience this festival in person.
Thank you for your time and consideration.
Looking forward to your reply.
Best regards,
Li Hua
（二）观点阐述类
题目：关于是否应该在学校开展更多的课外活动，不同人有不同看法，请谈谈你的观点。
Recently, the issue of whether more extracurricular activities should be carried out in schools has been brought into focus. Different people hold different opinions on this matter. In my opinion, schools should organize more extracurricular activities.
First of all, extracurricular activities can enrich students' knowledge. For example, joining a science club allows students to do hands on experiments that are not covered in regular classes, which broadens their horizons. Secondly, these activities help develop students' social skills. By participating in group activities like team sports or drama clubs, students learn how to communicate and cooperate with others effectively.
In conclusion, although some may worry that extracurricular activities will take up too much study time, I firmly believe that they play an important role in students' growth and development. Therefore, schools should encourage and organize more such activities.
（三）事件描述类
题目：描述一次你参加的志愿者活动。
It was an unforgettable day when I took part in a volunteer activity at an old people's home.
The event started with us volunteers gathering early in the morning. We brought some fruits and flowers as gifts for the elderly. When we arrived at the old people's home, we were warmly welcomed. First, we helped clean their rooms, swept the floors and washed the windows. Then, we sat together with them and listened to their stories. Some of them talked about their past experiences, which were full of wisdom and warmth. What impressed me most was when an old grandpa played the erhu for us. His music was so beautiful that it touched our hearts.
This event left a deep impression on me. It not only made the elderly feel cared for and loved but also taught me the importance of respecting and helping the old. I will always remember this meaningful experience and look forward to taking part in more volunteer activities in the future.
万能模板
开头：开篇点题，引出主题或介绍背景。例如：“I can’t（事件）without（人物）。”
中间：具体叙述事情或展开论述。如在叙事类作文中，可写“I remember clearly when I（事件）,I felt（感想）.My parents（做法）.They told me thatand what I should do was.I was touched and made up my mind To（决心）.”
结尾：呼应主题，总结升华。比如：“It is（人物）that.”
范文
写人记叙文
题目：My special friend
内容：Do you know Mr.Smith He is my English teacher.He is special to me because he treats me as a good friend.He always wears a smile and gives me the impression that he can help me out whenever I am in difficulty.He has a good sense of humor and likes making friends.His classes are very interesting.After class,he often helps me with my English.He never smokes.He likes playing football.He likes China so much that he is planning to live in China in the future.He is my special friend who l like very much,and I hope I can keep in touch with him.
叙事记叙文
题目：The Story of My Progress
内容：I can’t make any progress without my parents’help.I remember clearly when I didn’t pass an exam and made my parents disappointed,I felt so sorry and sad and even did not want to go home.My parents found me at school and tried to comfort me.They told me that one time of failure did not determine my whole life and what I should do was to overcome every difficulty and try to get a higher score in the next exam.I was touched and made up my mind to study even harder.It is my parents that help me make great progress.中考英语过去进行时用法、构成及时间标志词
一、过去进行时的用法
1. 表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在进行的动作：
过去进行时用于描述在过去某个特定时间段或时刻正在进行的动作或状态。例如，“We were watching TV from seven to nine last night.”（昨天晚上七点到九点的时候我们在看电视。）
2. 表示在过去某个时间点发生的事情：
可以通过介词短语、副词或从句来表示过去某个具体的时间点，并使用过去进行时来描述在那个时间点正在进行的动作。例如，“What was she doing at nine o'clock yesterday ”（昨天晚上九点她在做什么？）
3. 在复合句中表示主要动作和背景动作：
在复合句中，如果主要动作和背景动作都是延续的或同时发生的，那么主从句的动词都可用过去进行时。例如，“While he was waiting for the bus, he was reading a newspaper.”（他边等车边看报。）
4. 表示原因、强调、感彩等：
过去进行时还可以用于表示原因、强调某个动作、添加感彩等。例如，“I didn’t hear what you said; I was looking at the picture.”（我没有听见你的话，我在看那幅画。）
二、过去进行时的构成
过去进行时的基本结构是“主语+was/were+doing（动词现在分词）+其他”。其中，“was”用于第一人称单数（I）和第三人称单数（he, she, it），而“were”则用于第一人称复数（we）、第二人称（you）和第三人称复数（they）。
三、过去进行时的时间标志词
过去进行时常见的时间标志词包括：
1. 具体的时间状语：如“at this time yesterday”、“at 2 o'clock last night”、“from nine to ten last evening”等，这些时间状语都明确指出了过去某个具体的时间段或时刻。
2. 表示持续的时间状语：如“this morning”、“the whole morning”、“all day yesterday”等，这些时间状语表示过去某个时间段内持续进行的动作。
3. 由“when”或“while”引导的时间状语从句：这两个词都可以引导时间状语从句，用于描述在过去某个时间点或时间段内正在进行的动作。例如，“When I saw him, he was decorating his room.”（当我看见他的时候他正在装饰房间。）和“While we were having breakfast, John was talking on the telephone.”（我们吃早饭的时候，约翰在打电话。）中考英语过去进行时知识点详解
一、构成
公式： was/were + 现在分词（动词ing形式）
主语为单数：I/He/She/It was working.
主语为复数：We/You/They were working.
二、核心用法
1. 过去某一时刻正在进行的动作
强调动作在“过去某个具体时间点”持续进行。
例句：
At 9 PM yesterday, I was watching TV.
What were you doing when the rain started
2. 过去某段时间持续的动作
描述过去一段时间内反复或持续进行的动作。
例句：
They were preparing for the exam all morning.
3. 与 when/while 连用，表示背景动作
主句（过去进行时） + when（一般过去时）：主动作被中断
I was reading a book when the phone rang.
While（过去进行时） + 从句（过去进行时/一般过去时）：强调同时进行
While he was cooking, I was cleaning the room.
三、时间标志词
以下词汇提示使用过去进行时：
1. 具体时间点：
at 8 o'clock last night, at this time yesterday
2. 时间段 + 过去时间：
from 7 to 9 yesterday, all day yesterday
3. 伴随性连词：
when（突然发生某事）, while（两动作同时进行）
例句：
He was sleeping when the earthquake happened.
While I was jogging, my friend was cycling.
四、中考高频考点
1. when vs. while 的搭配
when 后接“短暂动作”（一般过去时）；while 后接“持续动作”（过去进行时）。
对比：
The bell rang when I was writing.
The bell rang while I wrote.
2. 与一般过去时的对比
过去进行时：强调动作的“持续性”或“未完成”。
一般过去时：动作已结束。
对比：
She drew a picture.（已完成）
She was drawing a picture.（当时正在画）
五、易错点提醒
1. 主谓一致错误：
误：We was playing basketball.
正：We were playing basketball.
2. 动词ing形式错误：
误：He was swim in the pool.
正：He was swimming in the pool.
练习巩固
1. 用过去进行时填空：
At 7 PM yesterday, my parents __________ (cook) dinner.
While I __________ (walk) to school, I met an old friend.
答案：
1. were cooking
2. was walking中考英语现在进行时的用法、构成及时间标志词
一、用法
1. 表示此时此刻正在发生的事情：常与now、at the moment、look、listen等词连用。例如，“The little boy is watching TV now.”（这个小男孩现在正在看电视。）“Listen! She is playing the guitar in the next room.”（听！她正在隔壁房间弹吉他。）
2. 表示现阶段一直在进行着或是重复发生着的动作：不强调此时此刻正在做，常与表示时间段的时间状语连用。例如，“I am studying computer this term.”（这个学期我一直在学习计算机。）
3. 表示说话人褒义或贬义的情感色彩：如赞许、批评、喜欢、厌恶等，此时常与always、often等频度副词连用。例如，“He is always thinking of others, not of himself.”（他总是为他人着想，而不为自己。）“One of my roommates is often leaving things about.”（我的一个室友经常乱扔东西。）
4. 表示在近期按计划或安排要发生的动作：
瞬时动词的进行时在任何情况下都表示将来含义。这些动词包括go、come、leave、arrive、return等。例如，“I am leaving tomorrow morning.”（我明天上午走。）
持续动词的进行时，只有在有将来时间状语或将来语境的情况下才可以表示将来含义。例如，“An American professor is giving a lecture this afternoon.”（一位美国教授今天下午要做一个讲座。）
二、构成
1. 肯定式：主语+am/is/are+doing（现在分词）。例如，“They are having an English class.”（他们在上英语课。）
2. 否定式：主语+am/is/are+not+doing（现在分词）。例如，“They aren't having an English class.”（他们不在上英语课。）
3. 疑问式：将am、is或are提前到句首，句末加问号。例如，“Are they having an English class ”（他们正在上英语课吗？）
三、时间标志词
1. 典型标志词：now（现在）、currently（目前）、at the moment（此刻）、right now（立刻）等，这些标志词强调动作与说话时刻同步。
2. 具体时间：at+时间点（如at 3 o'clock）；on+具体日期（如on Monday）；in+时间段（如in the evening）等。
3. 过程或状态：for+时间段（如for two hours）；since+具体时间点（如since 9 o'clock）；all day（整天）；all night（整晚）等。
4. 频率：always（总是）、constantly（不断地）、continually（持续不断地）、regularly（定期地）、often（经常）、occasionally（偶尔）、rarely（很少）、seldom（很少）等。中考英语现在进行时知识点详讲
一、构成
现在进行时由 be动词（am/is/are） + 动词的现在分词（Ving） 构成：
肯定句：主语 + am/is/are + 动词ing
例：She is reading a book now.
否定句：主语 + am/is/are + not + 动词ing
例：They are not playing basketball.
疑问句：Am/Is/Are + 主语 + 动词ing
例：Are you listening to music
动词现在分词的变化规则：
1. 直接加 ing：read → reading, play → playing
2. 以不发音的 e 结尾，去 e 加 ing：make → making, write → writing
3. 以“辅音+元音+辅音”结尾的重读闭音节词，双写末尾辅音加 ing：run → running, swim → swimming
二、用法
1. 表示正在进行的动作（说话时正在发生）：
Look! The children are dancing in the park.
Shh! The baby is sleeping.
2. 表示现阶段持续的情况（未必是说话时正在发生）：
I’m studying for the final exam these days.
He is working on a new project this month.
3. 表示计划好的近期安排（常与未来时间连用）：
We are flying to London tomorrow.
She is meeting her friend at 7 p.m.
4. 表达感彩（常与 always, constantly 连用，表示抱怨或夸奖）：
He is always forgetting his keys! （抱怨）
You are constantly helping others. That’s great! （夸奖）
三、时间标志词
明确的时间点：now, right now, at the moment, at present
例：They are having lunch right now.
感官提示词：Look!, Listen!, Watch out!
例：Look! The birds are flying south.
阶段性时间：these days, this week/month/year, today
例：I’m learning Spanish this term.
四、注意事项
1. 非延续性动词（如 like, want, know）一般不用于进行时。
（×）I am liking this song. → （√）I like this song.
2. 某些动词的进行时可表将来（如 come, go, leave, arrive）：
例：The train is leaving in 10 minutes.
练习示例：
1. Listen! Someone ______ (knock) at the door.
→ is knocking
2. They ______ (not watch) TV; they ______ (do) homework.
→ are not watching; are doing中考英语现在完成时知识点详讲
一、构成：
have/has + 过去分词
肯定句：主语 + have/has + 过去分词（如：I have finished my homework.）
否定句：主语 + have/has + not + 过去分词（如：She has not seen the movie.）
疑问句：Have/Has + 主语 + 过去分词？（如：Have you eaten lunch ）
二、用法：
1. 动作发生在过去，但对现在有影响或结果（强调现在的情况）
例：I have lost my keys. （现在没有钥匙，无法开门。）
例：He has broken his leg. （现在腿还伤着。）
2. 动作从过去持续到现在（常与延续性动词连用，如 live, work, study）
例：She has lived here for 10 years. （现在仍住在这里。）
例：We have known each other since 2015.
3. 表示经历或结果（是否做过某事，常与 ever, never 连用）
例：Have you ever been to Beijing
例：I have never eaten sushi.
三、时间标志词：
以下词常与现在完成时连用：
1. already（已经，用于肯定句）
例：He has already left.
2. yet（尚未，用于疑问句或否定句末尾）
例：Have you finished yet / She hasn’t called yet.
3. just（刚刚）
例：I have just arrived home.
4. since + 时间点（自……以来）
例：They have worked here since 2020.
5. for + 时间段（持续……时间）
例：She has studied English for 5 years.
6. ever/never（曾经/从未）
例：Have you ever tried skydiving
7. recently/lately（最近）
例：I have read three books recently.
8. so far/up to now（到目前为止）
例：So far, we have learned 1000 words.
9. in the past few years（在过去几年里）
例：He has changed a lot in the past few years.
四、注意事项：
1. 瞬间动词（如 buy, die, join）不能直接与 for/since 连用，需转换为延续性动词：
例：He has had the car for 3 years. （不用 has bought）
2. 现在完成时 vs 一般过去时：
现在完成时强调与现在的联系，一般过去时只说明过去动作。
例：I saw that movie yesterday. （仅说明过去看过）
例：I have seen that movie. （现在知道内容）
五、中考常见考点：
1. 根据时间标志词（如 since, for, already）选择时态。
2. 瞬间动词与延续性动词的转换。
3. 区分现在完成时与一般过去时的语境。
例句练习：
1. She __________ (live) in Shanghai since she was a child.
→ has lived
2. __________ you ever __________ (visit) the Great Wall
→ Have; visited
3. They __________ (not finish) their homework yet.
→ haven’t finished

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