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中考英语专题复习·定语从句
一、定语从句
定 义：修饰名词或代词的从句，相当于形容词，被修饰的词称为先行词。
关系词：引导定语从句的关系代词（who, whom, whose, which, that）或关系副词（when, where, why）。
从句翻译：...的...
句子结构：......先行词+关系词+从句(包含一个谓语)......
从句划分：从关系词开始，划到第二个谓语动词（此动词为主句谓语）之前停止，这部分即为从句。
例如：The book which you lent me is interesting. （lent 是第一个谓语动词，is是第二个谓语）
找不到第二个动词，就划到句子结束。说明主句的谓语动词在定语从句前面。
例如：This is the school which I like.（like是从句谓语，is是主句谓语）
关系词的用法
关系代词 指代对象 （在从句中充当的成分） 例句（人教版教材例句参考）
who 人（主语/宾语） The man who is talking is my teacher.
whom 人（宾语） The girl whom you met is Lily.
whose 人或物的所属关系 The boy whose father is a doctor won.（boy’s father）
which 物或动物 The book which you lent me is interesting.
that 人或物 The dog that barks loudly is mine.
关系副词 指代对象 （在从句中充当的成分） 例句
when 时间（=介词+which） I remember the day when we met.
where 地点（=介词+which） This is the house where I was born.
why 原因（=for which） Tell me the reason why you are late.
易错点：
①先行词为表地点的名词时，注意区分where和which：
→ This is the school where I study.（从句缺地点状语; where= in which.）
→ This is the school which I like.（从句缺宾语; where 指代school, 在从句中做宾语。）
②先行词为抽象地点，用where引导从句：
→ Life is a journey where we learn and grow every day. 生活就是一场我们每天都在学习和成长的旅程。
（“journey”是抽象的地点概念，where 指代journey，在从句中做地点状语）
特殊规则：只能用that引导
先行词是不定代词（all, something, anything等）或被最高级/序数词/限定词（the only/the last）修饰时
→ This is the best movie that I have ever seen.
→She told me something (that) I’ll never forget.
→She was the only student that passed the exam.
关系代词在从句中作宾语时可省略（非正式用法）：
→ The pen (that) you bought is nice.
二、综合练习题
单选题（共30题）从A、B、C中选择最佳答案。
The boy ______ is playing basketball is my brother.
A. who B. which C. whose
This is the park ______ we had a picnic last Sunday.
A. where B. which C. whose
The book ______ you lent me is very interesting.
A. who B. / (不填) C. whose
Do you remember the day ______ we first met
A. which B. when C. whose
The woman ______ son won the prize is a doctor.
A. who B. whose C. whom
Is this the museum ______ you visited last year
A. where B. which C. whose
All ______ you need is confidence.
A. which B. that C. whose
The only thing ______ I want is your happiness.
A. which B. that C. who
The reason ______ he was absent is still unknown.
A. why B. when C. which
The dog ______ barks every night belongs to our neighbor.
A. who B. which C. whose
I don’t like people ______ are always late.
A. which B. who C. whose
The computer ______ I bought yesterday doesn’t work.
A. who B. / (不填) C. whose
This is the village ______ my grandparents lived.
A. which B. where C. that
The girl ______ you talked to is my best friend.
A. whom B. which C. whose
The movie ______ we watched last night was boring.
A. whose B. which C. where
She is the most careful student ______ I have ever taught.
A. which B. that C. whose
The house ______ windows are broken is empty.
A. which B. whose C. where
I’ll never forget the day ______ I got my first pet.
A. which B. when C. whose
The teacher ______ teaches us math is very strict.
A. who B. which C. whose
The pen ______ you are using is mine.
A. who B. / (不填) C. whose
This is the best novel ______ I have ever read.
A. which B. that C. whose
The boy ______ bike was stolen cried sadly.
A. who B. whose C. whom
The city ______ I was born is very beautiful.
A. which B. where C. that
There is nothing ______ can stop us now.
A. which B. that C. whose
The woman ______ you saw just now is our principal.
A. who B. which C. whose
The year ______ I graduated was 2020.
A. which B. when C. whose
The cake ______ my mother made tastes delicious.
A. who B. / (不填) C. whose
The school ______ my brother studies has a big library.
A. which B. where C. that
The last person ______ leaves should turn off the lights.
A. which B. that C. whose
The story ______ he told us was very funny.
A. who B. / (不填) C. whose
2) 填空题（共30题）用适当的关系词填空（可省略时用“/”表示）。
The man ______ is wearing a blue shirt is my uncle.
This is the house ______ I was born.
The reason ______ she cried is still a secret.
The only thing ______ I remember is his smile.
The dog ______ barks loudly is my pet.
The book ______ cover is green is very interesting.
I have something ______ might interest you.
The day ______ we first met was rainy.
The student ______ you helped is very grateful.
The hospital ______ my father works is very modern.
Everything ______ you see here is handmade.
The girl ______ won the competition is only 10 years old.
The first person ______ answers correctly will get a prize.
The city ______ we visited last summer was amazing.
The teacher ______ classes are interesting is very popular.
The boy ______ bike was stolen reported to the police.
The park ______ we played yesterday is closing soon.
All ______ is needed is your signature.
The woman ______ you met at the party is a famous writer.
The time ______ we spent together was wonderful.
The computer ______ I use every day is very fast.
The present ______ you gave me is on my desk.
The school ______ has a big playground is near my house.
The movie ______ we watched yesterday was exciting.
The person ______ helped me was very kind.
The cake ______ my grandma made was delicious.
The country ______ I want to visit most is Japan.
The story ______ he told made everyone laugh.
The cat ______ tail is long is mine.
The letter ______ I received yesterday was from my pen pal.
3) 翻译题（共30题） 使用定语从句将下列句子翻译成英语。
正在唱歌的女孩是我的妹妹。_________________________________________________________
你昨天借给我的书很有趣。_________________________________________________________
这是他为什么生气的原因。________________________________________________________
唯一记得我生日的人是我的妈妈。________________________________________________________
我们上周参观的博物馆很有趣。________________________________________________________
所有参加比赛的学生都会得到奖品。________________________________________________________
我不喜欢嘲笑别人的人。________________________________________________________
她住在窗户朝南的房间里。________________________________________________________
你借给我的钢笔丢了。________________________________________________________
这是他去年工作的公司。________________________________________________________
正在打篮球的男孩是我的弟弟。________________________________________________________
没有我能做的事情了。________________________________________________________
你还记得我们第一次见面的日子吗？________________________________________________________
这是他唯一感兴趣的科目。________________________________________________________
那个帮助过我的老师退休了。________________________________________________________
我永远不会忘记我得到第一只宠物的那一天。________________________________________________
那个自行车被偷的男孩伤心地哭了。________________________________________________________
我出生的城市非常美丽。________________________________________________________
我每天使用的电脑速度很快。________________________________________________________
你昨天看的电影很无聊。________________________________________________________
我奶奶做的蛋糕很好吃。________________________________________________________
我们昨天去的公园要关闭了。________________________________________________________
他讲的故事让大家都笑了。________________________________________________________
尾巴很长的那只猫是我的。________________________________________________________
我昨天收到的信是我笔友寄来的。________________________________________________________
教我们数学的老师非常严格。________________________________________________________
你刚才看到的那位女士是我们的校长。______________________________________________________
我毕业的那一年是2020年。________________________________________________________
我想要参观的国家是日本。________________________________________________________
第一个回答正确的人将获得奖品。________________________________________________________
参考答案
单选题
A. who - 先行词是人，从句缺主语，用who或that。
A. where - 先行词表示地点，从句缺地点状语，用where。
B. / (不填) - 先行词是物，从句缺宾语，关系代词作宾语时可省略。
B. when - 先行词表示时间，从句缺时间状语，用when。
B. whose - 从句需表示所属关系，用whose。
B. which - 先行词是物，从句缺宾语，用which/that，或省略。
B. that - 先行词是不定代词"all"，必须用that。
B. that - 先行词被the only修饰，必须用that。
A. why - 先行词是"the reason"，从句缺原因状语，用why。
B. which - 先行词是动物，从句缺主语，用which/that。
B. who - 先行词是人，从句缺主语，用who/that。
B. / (不填) - 先行词是物，从句缺宾语，可省略关系代词。
B. where - 先行词表示地点，从句缺地点状语，用where。
A. whom - 先行词是人，从句缺宾语，正式用法用whom，口语可用who/that或省略。
B. which - 先行词是物，从句缺宾语，用which/that或省略。
B. that - 先行词被最高级修饰，必须用that。
B. whose - 从句需表示所属关系，用whose。
B. when - 先行词表示时间，从句缺时间状语，用when。
A. who - 先行词是人，从句缺主语，用who/that。
B. / (不填) - 先行词是物，从句缺宾语，可省略关系代词。
B. that - 先行词被最高级修饰，必须用that。
B. whose - 从句需表示所属关系，用whose。
B. where - 先行词表示地点，从句缺地点状语，用where。
B. that - 先行词是不定代词"nothing"，必须用that。
A. who - 先行词是人，从句缺宾语，口语可用who/that或省略。
B. when - 先行词表示时间，从句缺时间状语，用when。
B. / (不填) - 先行词是物，从句缺宾语，可省略关系代词。
B. where - 先行词表示地点，从句缺地点状语，用where。
B. that - 先行词被序数词修饰，必须用that。
B. / (不填) - 先行词是物，从句缺宾语，可省略关系代词。
2）填空题
序号 答案 序号 答案 序号 答案
1 who 11 that 21 that/which
2 where 12 who 22 that/which
3 why 13 that 23 that/which
4 that 14 that/which 24 that/which
5 that/which 15 whose 25 who/that
6 whose 16 whose 26 that/which
7 that 17 where 27 that/which
8 that/which 18 that 28 that/which
9 whom/that/（可省略） 19 whom/that/（可省略） 29 whose
10 where 20 that/which 30 that/which
翻译题
The girl who is singing is my sister.
The book (that/which) you lent me yesterday is interesting.
This is the reason why he was angry.
The only person that remembers my birthday is my mom.
The museum (that/which) we visited last week was interesting.
All the students that/who joined the competition will get a prize.
I don’t like people who laugh at others.
She lives in the room whose window faces south.
The pen (that/which) you lent me is lost.
This is the company where he worked last year.
The boy who is playing basketball is my brother.
There’s nothing (that) I can do.
Do you remember the day (when/that) we first met
This is the only subject that interests him.
The teacher who/that helped me has retired.
I’ll never forget the day (when/that) I got my first pet.
The boy whose bike was stolen cried sadly.
The city where I was born is very beautiful.
The computer (that/which) I use every day is very fast.
The movie (that/which) we watched yesterday was boring.
The cake (that/which) my grandma made was delicious.
The park where we played yesterday is closing soon.
The story (that/which) he told made everyone laugh.
The cat whose tail is long is mine.
The letter (that/which) I received yesterday was from my pen pal.
The teacher who teaches us math is very strict.
The woman (whom/that) you saw just now is our principal.
The year when I graduated was 2020.
The country (that/which) I want to visit most is Japan.
The first person that answers correctly will get a prize.

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