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Unit 9 Human Biology
Lesson 2 Brain Power
Activate and share
I
Listen for understanding
II
III
Focus on function
Speak
Ⅳ
outline
Ⅰ
Activate and share
Activate and Share
Match the words from the box with their definitions.
atom billion cell nerve organ
1. one thousand million
2. a part of the body that has a particular purpose, e.g. the heart
3. the smallest piece of something that can exist alone
4. a tiny part of the body that helps carry messages to and from the brain
5. a unit of living matter
(cell)
(billion)
(organ)
(atom)
(nerve)
Ⅱ
Listen for understanding
Listen for understanding
Complete the information you hear about the brain.
What matter does it consist of Grey and white matter
How much does it weigh
How much body’s energy does it use
How many cells does it contain
just over a kilo
20 %
over one hundred billion cells
Listen for understanding
How are messages sent The brain cells make up _________, which are connected by _________ ____________. The brain sends messages using
————————.
eletrical impulses
nerve cells
electrical
impulses
Listen for understanding
What have we learnt about the brain in the last ten years There are different areas in the brain, which are ____________________________. We now know which parts of the brain ____________ different parts of our _______________ from them. The brain also has different areas for different kinds of _______. You have one area for your ____________ and another area for _________________________________________________________.
responsible for different functions
are related to
body and feelings
thinking
first language
a foreign language that you learn when you are older
Listen for understanding
The brain consists of 1 matter. It weighs 2 _____________. It uses 3 of the body’s energy. It contains over 4 ____________________ which make up nerve cells. These nerve cells are connected by electrical impulses. There are more possible connections in one brain than there are 5 .
Complete the summary with the words from the lecture.
grey and white
just over a kilo
20%
one hundred billion cells
atoms in the universe
Scientists have mapped different areas of the brain that are responsible for 6 . There are also different areas for different types of thinking, such as learning your own language and learning a 7 ______ language.
different functions
foreign
Listen for understanding
Complete the summary with the words from the lecture.
Speaking
2. Get some sunlight
Sunlight and exercise can sometimes go hand in hand. Getting too little sunlight is not good for your brain. Higher levels of vitamin D in your system allow you to perform better, and can even slow down the aging of your brain. Too much sunlight can be bad for your skin, but if you aren’t getting enough, your brain functions may suffer. Of course, you can always take vitamin D supplements if you find that you aren’t able to get outside as much as you would like to. Just remember to take supplements in moderation.
Speaking
3. Build strong connections
If you often feel lonely, it can actually result in psychological and cognitive decline, as these feelings can have a negative impact on your sleep, increase your blood pressure, contribute to depression and even lower your overall well-being. The key thing is to build a strong support system around you, as that will enable you to stay healthy mentally and psychologically over the long term.
Speaking
4. Meditate
Meditation is a trending topic among many entrepreneurs right now, and its benefits are hard to argue with. Not only does meditation reduce your stress levels, it can also prevent age-related disorders such as Alzheimer’s or dementia. This speaks to the importance of self-care. Taking a mere 10 to 15 minutes out of your day to practice meditation could extend your cognitive longevity and allow you to reduce your overall stress levels too.
Speaking
5. Sleep well
Sleep is required to consolidate memory and learning. If you don’t get enough sleep, your gray-matter volume in your frontal lobe may begin to decrease. Your frontal lobe supports and controls your working memory as well as executive function, making it particularly important. In short, if you don’t get enough sleep, you’ll have less brain in your head.
Speaking
6. Eat well
It shouldn’t come as a surprise that nutrition plays a significant part in your brain health. You have to focus on getting the right kind of nutrition. Antioxidants and amino acids are particularly important, and vitamin E can also be beneficial. Nuts, blueberries, whole grains, and avocados are also beneficial. What’s good for your body also tends to be good for your brain.
antioxidant: 抗氧化物质
amino acid: 氨基酸
avocado: 牛油果，鳄梨
Assignment
Recall what you have learned in the class and write a short paragraph about how to increase brain power.
Goodbye!

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