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(共30张PPT)
Unit 2
Period 3
Discovering Useful Structures
新 课 导 入
观察下列句子并说出动词-ing 形式在句子中所充当的成分。
1. Working hard at your lessons, you will succeed.
2. They kept us waiting them over two hours yesterday.
adverbial(状语)
object complement(宾语补足语)
1）能理解动词-ing形式作状语和宾语补足语的功能及意义。
2）能正确运用动词-ing形式描述人物的行为、动作、生活经历等。
课 堂 学 习
Read the sentences below and discuss the function and meaning of each -ing form.
1. ... her brother complained, thinking of the high tuition fees.
2. Thinking of all the people still in need of help, Dr Lin opened a private clinic.
3. The new People's Republic of China saw Dr Lin Qiaozhi playing a key role.
The -ing form as the adverbial.
The -ing form as the adverbial.
The -ing form as the object complement.
Find more examples from the unit which contain the -ing form of the verb and are used as an object complement or adverbial.
1.To a person nothing is more precious than their life, and if they entrust me with that life, how could I refuse that trust, saying I’m cold, hungry, or tired
2. At times she was even seen riding a donkey to faraway villages to provide medical care.…
3. Though Lin Qiaozhi never married, she was known as the "mother of ten thousand babies", having delivered over 50,000 babies in her lifetime.
adverbial
object complement
adverbial
现在分词作宾语补足语和状语
一、现在分词作宾语补足语
现在分词作宾补，表示宾语与作宾补的动词之间是主动关系。
1. 动词的宾语补足语
① 位于感官动词后：如see, hear，feel，smell，watch，find，listen to, look at, notice, observe 等。
She felt anger arising in her heart.
她感到心中涌起股怒气。
He observed a stranger hanging around the store.
他看到一个陌生人在商店附近闲逛。
Grammar
② 位于其他动词后：如set，keep，have，get，leave，catch 等。
His question has set me thinking.
他的问题引起我深思。
She kept me waiting for over twenty minutes.
她让我等了20多分钟。
【注意】现在分词作宾补，表示动作正在进行；动词原形作宾补，则表示动作的全过程。试比较：
I saw him getting out of the car. 我看见他正下车。
I saw him get out of the car. 我看见他下车了。
2. with 复合结构
在with 复合结构中，如果宾语发出动作，且表示动作持续或进行， 则用现在分词作宾补。
I won’t be able to go on holiday with my mother being ill.
因为妈妈生病，我无法去度假。
【注意】
在with 复合结构中，动词不定式作宾补虽然也表示宾语发出动作， 但是表示动作将要发生。
With so many people to help us, we are sure to finish it in time.
有这么多人帮忙，我们一定能及时完成。
二、现在分词作状语
动词-ing形式作状语可以修饰谓语动词或整个句子,表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明等。
1. 表示时间
动词-ing形式作时间状语,相当于一个时间状语从句。
Speaking of all the books she has written, I think this is probably the best-known one. (= When I speak of ...)
谈到她所写的所有书,我认为这可能是最出名的一个。
While seeing the performance, she nodded from time to time.
(= While she was seeing the performance ...)
她观看表演的时候不停地点头。
2. 表示原因　
表示原因的动词-ing形式一般置于句首,相当于一个原因状语从句。
Being busy, he didn’t go to the concert yesterday.
(= Because he was busy...)
他很忙,昨天没去听音乐会。
Having lived in Jinan for years, I almost know every place quite well.
(= Because I have lived ...)
在济南住过多年,我几乎对每个地方都很熟悉。
Not realizing that he was in great danger, Eric walked deeper into the forest.
(= Since he did not realize that ...)
由于没有意识到身处险境,埃里克一步步向森林深处走去。
现在分词作原因状语时，可转换为由since, because或as引导的原因状语从句，这类状语多放在句子的前半部分。
Being ill，he couldn't go to school.
＝As he was ill，he couldn't go to school.
2. v-ing形式作原因状语
逻辑主语与句子的主语一致；主动 / 进行
Not knowing the way, he got lost.
翻译句子：由于不认路，他迷路了。
As he __________________, he got lost.
didn’t know the way
V-ing形式的否定式是在其前面加not
现在分词作条件状语时，可转换为if, once或unless等引导的条件状语从句。
Working hard，you'll make great progress.
＝If you work hard，you'll make great progress.
3. v-ing形式作条件状语
If we ___________ , we will succeed.
翻译句子：努力学习, 我们就会成功。
Studying hard , we will succeed.
study hard
逻辑主语与句子的主语一致；主动 / 进行
现在分词作让步状语时，相当于一个以though/although引导的让步状语从句。
Working or reading，she always did her best.
＝Whether she worked or read，she always did her best.
4. v-ing形式作让步状语
逻辑主语与句子的主语一致；主动 / 进行
Knowing it is difficult, I don’t give up.
翻译句子：虽然知道它很难，我也不放弃。
Although I _________________, I don’t give up.
know it is difficult
现在分词作方式，结果或伴随或方式状语时，通常不能转换为状语从句，但可用并列句代替。
I stood by the door，not daring to say a word.
＝I stood by the door，and didn’t dare to say a word.
His parents died，leaving him an orphan.
＝His parents died and left him an orphan.
Mary sat by the window, reading a book.
=Mary sat by the window and was reading a book.
5.v-ing形式作方式/结果/伴随状语
Please answer the question using another way.
He went abroad, leaving his uncle a big house.
1. Having finished his homework, he rushed out to play basketball.
2.Having studied his lessons very hard, he passed the test.
注意1：having done表示比句子的谓语动词先发生, 句子主语与having done的关系是主动关系
1._________________(turn) off the TV, he began to go over his lessons.
2.______________ (finish)his homework ,he went out to play football with his friends .
3._________________(buy) what she needed, Mrs.Smith went out of the market.
Having turned
Having finished
Having bought
1. Not knowing this news, he comes to school.
2.Not having made full preparations, we put off the test.
3. Not having studied his lessons very hard, he failed the test.
注意2：V--ing形式的否定式：
not+动词ing；not+having done
____________(know) what to do, Mike turned to his teacher for help.
Not knowing
The trees are very tall, some measuring over 90 metres.
The weather being fine, we went out for a walk.
Winter coming, it gets colder and colder.
Time permitting, I will go with you.
注意3：独立主格结构：主句的主语和状语的主语不一致
通常用来表示伴随的动作、时间、原因或条件
技巧：可以把独立主格结构理解为：（with）+_____+_____结构
1. _______(hear) the news, they couldn’t help jumping.
2.Be careful when___________(cross)the street.
3.__________________(work) for three hours, he took a rest.
4.___________(use) your head, you’ll have a good idea.
5.___________(work) hard, he didn’t feel a bit tired.
6. The heavy rain lasted three days,__________(result) in serious traffic jams.
7.The girl came in,_________(follow) her parents.
8.________(walk) in the park, she saw an old friend.
9.Mary sat by the window of the classroom,_________(read) a book.
10._______________(finish) his homework, Tom listened to music.
Exercises
Hearing
crossing
Having worked
Using
Working
resulting
followling
Walking
reading
Having finished
the –ing form used
as objective complement
Explanation
1. I felt somebody standing behind me.
2. With so many people looking at her, she felt nervous.
3. Along the way, we saw many people playing
music, singing, and dancing.
4. I won’t have you running about in the room.
1. -ing形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语后面，表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作，强调一个过程或一种状态。
动词ing形式作宾语补足语
2. 能用-ing形式作宾语补足语的几类动词:
1. He saw a girl wandering on the street this time yesterday.
2. I felt my heart beating violently when I was seeing
the 70th anniversary of foundation of China.
3. Can you smell anything burning
4. As he spoke, he observed everybody looking at him curiously.
5. )I noticed a thief stealing money from the old woman’s pocket yesterday.
① 表示感觉和心理状态的动词，常见的有see, hear, feel, smell, find, notice, observe, look at, listen to等。
see, hear, feel, watch等动词之后用-ing形式和动
词不定式作宾语补足语的区别：
1. We passed by the classroom and saw the
teacher making the experiment.
2. We sat an hour and watched the teacher make the experiment.
我们走过教室，看见老师在做实验。
我们坐了一个小时，看老师做实验。
（只在走过教室的刹那间，看见老师正在做实验）
（一个小时之内一直在看老师做实验）
表示动作正在进行
表示（或强调）动作从开始到结束的全过程
①使役动词接现在分词作宾语补足语表示“让…一直做某事”。接不带to的不定式作宾语补足语表示“让某人做某事”；接过去分词作宾语补足语，表示“主语请某人做某事，使完成某事或主语遭遇某事”。
②使役动词let，make后常接不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。
Be careful,or you'll have your hands hurt.
当心，否则会弄伤手的。
He will have/get the computer repaired tomorrow.
3.用于with复合结构中
I couldn't do my homework with the noise going on.
由于噪声不断，我没法做家庭作业。
With so many people looking at her, she felt nervous.
这么多人看着她,她感到紧张
feel want face smile return worry hear knock
1. __________ that his wife had been injured in an accident, Mr Johnson hurried to the hospital.
2. During the operation, she sat in the waiting room for over an hour __________ about him.
3. I saw her whispering something into his ear, obviously not _________ to be heard.
Hearing
worrying
wanting
n. 事故；车祸
n. 手术
vi. & vt. 悄声说；耳语
plete the sentences with the correct forms of
the verbs in the box.
Practice
4. He suddenly woke up at midnight when he heard someone __________ at his door.
5. _________ higher import and export costs, the company is looking for ways to survive.
6. __________ from the North Pole, the traveller wrote a book about his experience and had it published the following year.
7. The child lay on her mother's lap, _________ sweetly.
8. ________ hurt by the rejection, she bit her lip and quietly walked away.
Facing
Returning
smiling
Feeling
feel want face smile return worry hear knock
knocking
n. 子夜；午夜
n. 进口
n. 出口
n. (行星的)极；地级
n. (坐着时的)大腿部
Henry Norman Bethune was a Canadian doctor with a very creative mind and a determination to help people. As a small boy, he became very interested in medicine and decided to become a doctor. After he graduated from medical college in 1916, Bethune worked as a doctor in England, the US, and Canada. He reinvented or redesigned over 10 medical instruments to make them more useful. In 1938, Bethune left for China, after he heard that many people were dying in the war.
…, deciding to become a doctor
…, after he heard that many people were dying in the war
P18. Read the story and rewrite the underlined parts
using the –ing form.
Despite the difficult situation, Dr Bethune did whatever he could to assist the Chinese people. He helped to organise hospitals, taught doctors and nurses, and showed people how to give first aid. Sadly, Dr Bethune passed away in November the following year and was buried in Shijiazhuang. After Dr Bethune's death, Chairman Mao Zedong wrote an article in memory of him, in which he praised Dr Bethune as a hero to be remembered in China.
Helping to organise hospitals, he taught… OR
…, teaching … and showing…
,… praising Dr. Bethune as…
1 A: You look really_________(tire) .You should go home and have a rest.
B:Yes,well,a five-hour operation is pretty _________(tire) .
2 A:Did you hear that Susan and Bob got married
B:Really That's the most_________ (shock)news I have heard today.
3 A:Harry,you forgot to return my phone call last night!
B:Oh,I'm very sorry.I went to sleep_________(listen)to music.
4 A:How can you sit inside_________ (play)games all day Isn't there anything more important you can do with your time
B:Come on,Mum.It's a holiday.
tired
tiring
shocking
listening
playing
(WORKBOOK P68 EX. 1)
5 A:The museum was _________ (interest) ,was not it
B:It was great.I was quite_________ (interest) in those ancient pieces of jade
6 A:Are you sure this is the man you saw that night
B:That's right.From my window,I saw him_________ (come)into the building.
A:Did you hear a gunshot after that
B:No,but I heard people_________(shout)downstairs.
A:What did you see when you came down
B:I saw an injured man_________(lie) on the floor.
interesting
interested
come
shouting
lying
(WORKBOOK P68 EX. 1)

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