资源简介 中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台高考英语名词复习学案一、复习目标1. 掌握名词的分类(可数/不可数、专有名词等)及语法功能。2. 突破名词的数(单数、复数规则变化与不规则变化)、所有格等核心考点。3. 精准应对语法填空、短文改错、完形填空和写作中名词的高频考查点。二、核心知识梳理(一)名词的分类分类 定义 例词专有名词 表示特定的人、地点、机构等的专有名称(首字母大写) China, Tom, the Great Wall普通名词 表示一类人或事物的名称 可数名词:book, student 不可数名词:water, advice 不可数名词高频考点1. 常见不可数名词: 物质类:milk, rice, paper, money, equipment 抽象类:progress, information, knowledge, fun, advice 学科/活动:maths, physics, homework, housework2. 不可数名词量化表达: 用“量词+of”结构: a piece of news(一条消息)、a cup of coffee(一杯咖啡)、a pair of trousers(一条裤子) 易错点: “两条建议”应为two pieces of advice,不可说two advices。(二)名词的数1. 可数名词复数规则变化情况 变化规则 例词一般情况 +s book→books, pen→pens以s/x/sh/ch结尾 +es bus→buses, box→boxes, dish→dishes, watch→watches以“辅音+y”结尾 变y为i+es city→cities, family→families以“元音+y”结尾 +s boy→boys, key→keys以o结尾 - 有生命+es:tomato→tomatoes, potato→potatoes - 无生命+s:photo→photos, piano→pianos以f/fe结尾 变f/fe为v+es knife→knives, leaf→leaves, life→lives2. 可数名词复数不规则变化 单复数同形:sheep→sheep, fish→fish(指种类时复数为fishes), deer→deer, Chinese→Chinese 特殊变化: man→men, woman→women, child→children, foot→feet, tooth→teeth mouse→mice(老鼠)→mouses(电脑鼠标) 复合名词复数: 主体名词变复数:passer-by→passers-by(过路人)、son-in-law→sons-in-law(女婿) 无主体名词时整体变:grown-up→grown-ups(成年人)3. 集体名词的数 表整体(单数):family(家庭)、class(班级)、team(团队)、government(政府) 例:My family is a happy one.(强调整体) 表成员(复数): 例:My family are watching TV.(强调家庭成员) 常作复数的集体名词:people(人们)、police(警察)、cattle(牛群) 例:The police are looking for the thief.(三)名词的所有格1. ’s所有格(表示人或有生命的事物) 单数名词/不以s结尾的复数名词:+’s Tom’s book(汤姆的书)、Children’s Day(儿童节) 以s结尾的复数名词:+’ the girls’ school(女校)、the teachers’ office(教师办公室) 共同拥有:最后一个名词+’s Lily and Lucy’s room(莉莉和露西共有的房间,单数) 分别拥有:每个名词+’s Lily’s and Lucy’s rooms(莉莉和露西各自的房间,复数)2. of所有格(表示无生命的事物或抽象关系) 结构:名词+of+名词 the window of the room(房间的窗户)、the name of the book(书名) 双重所有格:of+’s所有格/名词性物主代词 a friend of my father’s(我父亲的一位朋友)、a photo of mine(我的一张照片)3. 特殊用法 时间/距离/国家:用’s所有格 today’s news(今天的新闻)、ten minutes’ walk(十分钟的步行路程)、China’s population(中国的人口) 表店铺、住宅:省略名词 at the doctor’s(在诊所)、at Tom’s(在汤姆家)三、高频考点突破(一)语法填空:名词的数与词性转换解题步骤:1. 确定空格处是否需名词(如作主语、宾语、定语)。2. 若为可数名词,判断单复数(看冠词a/an/the、数词、主谓一致等)。3. 涉及词性转换时,注意形容词→名词的后缀(如-ance/-ence/-ity:important→importance)。例题:1. There are many trees (tree) around the school.(many+可数名词复数)2. The development (develop) of technology has changed our lives.(作主语,用名词形式)3. I need a piece (piece) of paper.(不可数名词量化表达)(二)短文改错:名词单复数与所有格错误常见错误类型:1. 可数名词单数漏加冠词: 错:I have book.对:I have a book.(单数可数名词前需加a/an/the)2. 不可数名词误用复数: 错:I have many homeworks.对:I have much homework.(homework不可数)3. 所有格形式错误: 错:This is Tom sister.对:This is Tom’s sister.(表示所属关系用’s)例题: 错:The boy’s handwriting is better than his sister.改:The boy’s handwriting is better than his sister’s.(比较对象应为“姐姐的字迹”,用所有格)(三)完形填空:名词词义辨析与语境理解解题策略:1. 结合上下文逻辑,判断名词的具体含义(如抽象名词vs.具体名词)。2. 注意名词与动词、形容词的搭配(如make progress、give advice)。例题: 语境:She gave me some ______ on how to learn English.选项:A. advices B. suggestion C. advice解析:advice不可数,suggestion为可数名词,some后接可数复数或不可数名词,故选C。(四)写作:名词的准确使用与高级表达提升技巧:1. 避免重复使用简单名词,用同义词或短语替换(如用atmosphere替换environment)。2. 正确使用抽象名词增强表达深度(如用responsibility代替duty)。3. 注意名词的数与主谓一致: 原句:The teacher give us much advices. 改:The teacher gives us much advice.(advice不可数,谓语动词用第三人称单数)四、巩固练习(一)单句填空1. The little boy has two ______ (tooth).2. There is some ______ (milk) in the glass.3. June 1st is ______ (child) Day.4. I need three ______ (box) of apples.5. The ______ (man) coats are on the desk.(二)短文改错(每行一处错误)1. I have a good news to tell you. __________2. The two boy’s rooms are very clean. __________3. She is a friend of my sister. __________4. There are many sheeps on the farm. __________5. I like eating tomato and potato. __________(三)写作提升用名词的正确形式完成句子:1. We should protect the ______ (环境) around us.2. Learning English helps us gain more ______ (知识).3. The ______ (发展) of our city is very fast.五、参考答案(独立完成后核对)(一)单句填空1. teeth2. milk3. Children’s4. boxes5. men’s(二)短文改错1. 去掉a(news不可数)2. boy’s→boys’(two boys的所有格)3. sister→sister’s(双重所有格)4. sheeps→sheep(单复数同形)5. tomato→tomatoes, potato→potatoes(以o结尾且有生命,加es)(三)写作提升1. environment2. knowledge3. development备考小贴士:1. 制作“不可数名词清单”和“不规则复数名词表”,每日记忆。2. 做题时圈出关键词(如many/much/a/an等),快速判断名词的数。3. 在写作中注意名词与动词、形容词的搭配,避免语法错误。21世纪教育网 www.21cnjy.com 精品试卷·第 2 页 (共 2 页)HYPERLINK "http://21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)" 21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com) 展开更多...... 收起↑ 资源预览