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专题05 阅读理解（说明文）15篇 【2025高频考点】-冲刺2025年高考英语演练 （新高考专用）
（2025·湖南常德·一模）From an airplane, cars moving slowly down the highway look like ants. But actual ants — unlike cars — somehow manage to avoid the suffering of stop-and-go traffic. Researchers are now studying these insects’ cooperative tactics (战术) to learn how to program self-driving cars that don’t jam up.
The free flow of traffic becomes unstable as the number of cars increases on a highway. At 15 vehicles per mile per lane, one driver tapping their brakes (刹车) can cause a persistent wave of congestion. “It’s a kind of phase transition,” like water turning from a liquid to a solid form, says Nishinari, a physicist at the University of Tokyo.
Nishinari’s previous research had shown that ants can maintain their flow even in large numbers. So what’s their secret In a recent study, researchers recorded ants on trails and used traffic-engineering models to analyze their movement. They found that the ants don’t jam because they travel in groups of three to 20 that move at nearly constant rates while keeping good distances between one another-and they don’t speed up to pass others.
Human drivers at rush hour are hard to follow such rules. “We’re maximizing the interests of individuals, which is why, at a given point, you start to have a traffic jam,” says Nicola, who studies sustainable engineering at the University of Trento in Italy. “But self-driving cars, if they one day become everywhere, could have more cooperative programming. In one vision of this future, autonomous vehicles would share information with nearby cars to make good use of traffic flow-perhaps, by prioritizing constant speeds and headways or by not passing others on the road,” Nicola suggests.
Today’s drivers can learn at least one thing from ants to avoid causing a traffic jam, Nishinari says: don’t tailgate. By leaving room between their car and the one ahead of them, drivers can absorb a wave of braking in heavy traffic conditions that would otherwise be amplified (放大) into a traffic jam with no obvious cause. “Just keeping away,” he says, “can help traffic flow smoothly.”
1．What is paragraph 2 mainly about
A．The principle of causing a jam. B．The bad effects of jams on our life.
C．The difficulty of avoiding a jam. D．The suffering of being stuck in a jam.
2．What is the ants’ key to avoiding traffic jams
A．Traveling in large groups. B．Keeping steady speed and spacing.
C．Following a central leader. D．Frequently walk over one another.
3．What does Nicola suggest in Paragraph 4
A．Provide more speed choices for drivers.
B．Build special roads for self-driving cars.
C．Set stricter rules to regulate drivers’ behaviors.
D．Apply ants’ cooperative strategies to self-driving cars.
4．What does the underlined word “tailgate” mean in the last paragraph
A．Park illegally. B．Speed up suddenly.
C．Drive too closely. D．Ignore traffic signals.
（2025·浙江·三模）Lots of people snore. In the U. S., about 10% of the adult population have it, and worldwide, the figure is a billion.
The problem isn’t the snoring, but the reason behind it. The most common type of sleep apnea (呼吸暂停) is caused by weakened throat muscles relaxing too much during sleep, causing the airway to narrow or close. That leads to snoring plus long pauses between breaths. And when breathing is affected this way, the brain isn’t getting the oxygen it needs. Obesity and age are considered the biggest risk factors for sleep apnea. Other risk factors include smoking, having a thick neck or narrow throat, family history and certain medical conditions.
Treating sleep apnea is far more important than just stopping snoring. The diagnosis requires several steps. Besides a medical history and physical exam, doctors try to rule out other conditions, such as asthma (哮喘) or thyroid (甲状腺) disorders, that can cause similar symptoms. And they recommend a sleep study to check on breathing, heart rate and other functions during sleep.
Once the condition has been diagnosed, there are many options for treatment. For mild cases in people who are overweight, lifestyle changes can be enough to reverse sleep apnea. Stopping smoking and drinking may help. Even switching from sleeping on your back to on your side may offer relief.
When treatment is required, the most common is a machine called CPAP. “It’s a mask that prevents collapse in the back of the throat,” explains Atul Malhotra, a professor and sleep medicine specialist at the University of California. “It has an unnecessarily bad reputation, since it’s well tolerated by most patients. But you need to find the right mask and the right pressure settings.” There’re also certain surgeries that can be done to keep the airways open or to remove excess tissue, but these are a last-line treatment after less-invasive methods have failed. There’re many trials underway to evaluate drug treatments.
5．What does Paragraph 2 mainly explain about sleep apnea
A．Its risk factors. B．Its underlying cause.
C．Its diagnostic process. D．Its common symptoms.
6．Why do doctors check for other diseases during diagnosis
A．To make diagnosis faster. B．To exclude other possible causes.
C．To prove only sleep apnea exists. D．To treat snoring instead of apnea.
7．What does the underlined word “reverse” in Paragraph 4 probably mean
A．Control. B．Cure. C．Prevent. D．Change.
8．What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A．There is no special medicine for sleep apnea.
B．Surgeries are not recommended by the doctors.
C．The bitterness contributes to CAPA’s bad reputation.
D．CAPA is now the most effective treatment for sleep apnea.
（2025·安徽·三模）Chocolate is a favorite of many and can be found in many desserts. But it is usually thought of as an unhealthy delight to be eaten only occasionally. Now Swiss scientists have found a way to make chocolate healthier for you and for the planet too. The traditional method of chocolate making only uses the seeds and that is wasteful and not sustainable. The new method uses the entire cocoa fruit instead of just the seeds, and that makes it ecofriendly and sweet without using added sugar.
Researchers at Zurich’s Federal Institute of Technology recently published their work in the journal Nature Food. The new chocolate does not need any added sugar due to the natural sweetness in the cocoa fruit. In fact, the juice contains 14 percent sugar which is distilled (蒸馏) down to a concentrated syrup (糖浆) and then combined with the fruit pulp to form a gel (凝胶). When the gel is added to cocoa beans to make chocolate, it is naturally sweet.
The mixtures were tested by trained specialists using small pieces of chocolate that weighed just five grams each to find out which one worked the best. But besides getting rid of added refined sugar (精制糖) to the chocolate, using the fruit also boasted the fiber content.
The traditional system of cocoa production in Africa and South America is not sustainable. The industry is also suffering from the soaring price of cocoa beans and the poverty of the cocoa farmers. Using the entire fruit could help ease these two issues. “Not only do the farmers get significantly extra income through using cocoa pulp, but also the important industrial processing is happening in the country of origin. Creating jobs, creating value that can be distributed in the country of origin,” Anian Schreiber said.
Chocolate producers in Africa, South America, and even in the US, are already contacting Mishra, the main researcher of the study, about the new method. In Switzerland, chocolate producers including Lindt are starting to use the entire cocoa plant and not just the beans, but none have completely removed refined sugar.
9．Which word best describes the traditional cocoa production system
A．Efficient. B．Promising. C．Profitable. D．Unsustainable.
10．What’s the strength of the new chocolate-making method
A．It uses less energy. B．It reduces water usage.
C．It maximizes cocoa fruit. D．It lowers carbon emissions.
11．What might the writer talk about in the following passage
A．The advantage of refined sugar. B．The choice of origin of cocoa fruits.
C．The reason not to totally employ new process. D．The training plans of skilled workers.
12．Which of the following is the best title
A．The History of Chocolate Making B．Chocolate Producers’ New Challenges
C．The High Cost of Traditional Chocolate D．Swiss Scientists Make a Chocolate Breakthrough
（2025·浙江·三模）Before the internet made book reviews widely accessible, where would curious minds go to find information about a new novel’s subject matter or a plot
If you lived in the Los Angeles area, you could reference the Los Angeles Public Library’s index of fiction book review cards. The reviews, a collection of thousands of index cards, contain library staff members’ thoughts and opinions about new fiction releases that the library carried. The library system started in the 1920s and into the 1980s.
Robert Anderson, who has worked as a librarian at the LAPL since 1980, says the staff review cards were a handy tool that library staff used to answer specific questions the public had about different books. The reviews, along with being a helpful public tool, also helped staff pick which books the LAPL would order for their shelves. If a staff member reviewed a book favorably, they were more likely to carry the title and order multiple copies.
The review process was simple: On an index card, library staff would handwrite or type up an abstract of a book they read and give their personal review of it. The cards offered adjectives that the reviewer could underline to indicate how the story might affect readers emotionally. For example, for the library’s review of Virginia Woolf’s 1925 book Mrs. Dalloway, the reviewer underlined “wholesome,” “pleasant,” and “interesting.” Of the staff member’s characterization of the book, Anderson said he wasn’t sure why the reviewer considered Woolf’s writing — which deals with loneliness and other, often dark human experiences — to be healthy, “but they did.”
The Los Angeles Public Library’s index of staff review cards isn’t used regularly anymore. But the system now serves as a historical record of both the books, some almost 100 years old, as well as the cultural views held by the book-loving library staff of the time.
13．What could be found in the LAPL’s review cards
A．Public opinions about the library’s services.
B．A list of all the books available in the library.
C．A summary of the most popular books in the library.
D．Librarians’ comments on newly added fiction books.
14．What was the purpose of the review cards for the public
A．To provide free books. B．To offer readers reference.
C．To promote new authors. D．To help with book orders.
15．What can be inferred from paragraph 4
A．The reviews’ comments were subjective.
B．Virginia Woolf’s books were difficult to understand.
C．The librarians made wrong judgements about the books.
D．The reviewers used some adjectives to describe the books.
16．What is the author’s attitude toward the review card system
A．Critical. B．Doubtful. C．Appreciative. D．Neutral.
（2025·安徽·三模）Growing up with a mother who introduced swedes (芜菁甘蓝) to Indian cuisine, Hill-Maini developed an early appreciation for the transformative power of cooking. His culinary (烹饪的) adventures took him to New York City, where, at just 18, he was redesigning menus for Manhattan restaurants. But the call of science beckoned (召唤), leading him through biochemistry at Harvard and eventually to UC Berkeley, where he now combines his passions for cooking and research.
The star of Hill-Maini’s research is N. intermedia, the fungus (真菌) responsible for oncom — a traditional Indonesian food made from soy pulp leftovers. What makes this fungus extraordinary is its ability to turn indigestible plant waste into nutritious, flavorful food in just 36 hours.
But Hill-Maini and his team didn’t stop at soy pulp. They tested N. intermedia on about 30 different agricultural waste products. The results were astonishing — the fungus thrived on almost all of these agricultural waste products, proving its significant role in food recycling.
The science behind this fungal magic is fascinating. N. intermedia belongs to a group called filamentous fungi, which produce enzymes (酶) that break down complex plant materials that human digestive systems struggle with. In doing so, they not only make the waste edible but also increase its protein content and improve its flavor.
One of the most exciting discoveries was the existence of two distinct types of N. intermedia: wild types found globally and types that have adapted specifically to human generated agricultural waste. This suggests a fascinating co-evolution between the fungus and human food production practices.
However, would people actually accept it To answer this, Hill-Maini worked with Rasmus Munk, head chef of the Michelin two-star restaurant Alchemist in Copenhagen. They presented red oncom to 60 people who had never encountered it before. “We found that, basically, people who had never tried this food before made positive comments about it,” Hill-Maini said. “The results were pretty good.”
17．What attracts Hill-Maini’s interest in cooking
A．An introduction to Indian food.
B．His experiences of redesigning menus.
C．His mother’s influence.
D．His research at Harvard.
18．What can N. intermedia do according the text
A．Promote the growth of plants.
B．Make food out of useless farm produce.
C．Increase the output of farm products.
D．Protect human digestive system.
19．Which has the similar meaning to the underlined word “thrived” in paragraph 3
A．Burned. B．Starved. C．Mushroomed. D．Killed.
20．How do people feel about the red oncom after they tried it
A．Satisfied. B．Terrible. C．Uncertain. D．Worried.
（2025·河南·模拟预测）AI will continue to dominate headlines in 2025, but as these technologies are integrated into numerous industries, the discussions on optimizing (优化) AI outcomes are shifting from algorithms (算法) to data.
Data is the foundational fuel used to train and inform all machine learning applications. Large language models continue to show significant limitations when used for specialized scientific and technical applications. This is in part because these tools are limited in their ability to process chemical structures, knowledge graphs, time series and other forms of non-text information.
The importance of data quality and diversity to AI outcomes has been well studied. However, fit-for-purpose data is often not readily available for specific projects. To improve AI for research across a wide array of scientific applications, researchers are demanding better quality and more specialized data sets targeted to the intended model application. This has already supported drug repurposing research and facilitated computer-aided drug design.
Approaches used to close the data quality gap and improve outcomes for AI applications include: The development of customized datasets to train AI. A “mixture of experts” approach that trains multiple smaller sub-models on specific tasks. Use of data generated by other AI models to train new models.
Under the current situation, many countries have committed to forming a well-developed database by 2030 with the goal of reaching a fully-grown AI state by 2050. A lot of scientific innovations are enabling progress toward that goal, including new materials science technologies that offer fresh ways to address key challenges.
21．What prevents large language models from a better and wider use
A．Their lack of accuracy. B．Their low operating speed.
C．Their inability in some aspects. D．Their poor calculating system.
22．What can replace the underlined word “array” in paragraph 3
A．Branch. B．Series. C．Calculation. D．Section.
23．What is one factor contributing to the 2050 goal according to the last paragraph
A．Innovations in science. B．High quality of materials.
C．Increase of sub-models. D．Cooperation of more countries.
24．Where is the text most likely from
A．A textbook. B．A magazine. C．A science fiction. D．A travel guide.
（2025·浙江·三模）Researchers led by Josie Hughes in the CREATE Lab in EPFL’s School of Engineering wanted to develop a robot that could go across diverse environments as skillfully as animals by changing form on the fly. With GOAT (Good Over All Terrains) they have achieved just that—and created a new model for robotic movement and control in the process.
“While most robots compute the shortest path from A to B, GOAT considers the travel pattern as well as the path to be taken,” Hughes explains. “For example, instead of going around an obstacle like a stream, GOAT can swim straight through. If its path is hilly, it can passively roll downhill like a ball to save both time and energy, and then actively drive as a rover (漫游者) when rolling is no longer beneficial.”
To design their robot, the CREATE team took inspiration from across the animal kingdom, including spiders and kangaroos. The team’s bioinspired approach led to a design that is highly compliant (顺应的), meaning it adapts in response to interaction with its environment, rather than remaining unchangeable. This allows GOAT to actively alter its shape to change its passive properties, which range from more flexible in its ‘rover’ model to stronger as a ball.
CREATE Lab PhD student Max Polzin explains that compliance also allows GOAT to navigate with minimal sensing equipment. With only a satellite navigation system and a device for measuring the robot’s own direction, GOAT carries no cameras onboard. “It doesn’t need complex sensing. It can use the environment, even with very limited knowledge of it, to find the best path,” Polzin says.
Future research includes improved algorithms (算法) to help with GOAT’s design. Looking ahead, the researchers see many potential applications for their device, from environmental monitoring to disaster response.
25．What key feature distinguishes GOAT
A．Rolling downhill like a ball.
B．Calculating the shortest A-to-B path.
C．Navigating obstacles such as streams.
D．Efficient adaptation to varied terrains.
26．Where did GOAT’s designers find their solution
A．From previous robots. B．From other researches.
C．From other species. D．From edging information.
27．In which field will GOAT probably be applied
A．Education. B．Climate. C．Finance. D．Medicine.
28．What would be the best title for the passage
A．The Future Applications of GOAT
B．The Development of a New Robot: GOAT
C．GOAT: A Robot for Diverse Environments
D．How GOAT Saves Time and Energy in Travel
（2025·浙江宁波·二模）It is late at night. You wander empty streets, heart pounding, muscles tense, sensing danger nearby. Now imagine the same situation, but without these response. Would you still feel afraid Experiences like this unveil a profound truth: our minds are not just products of the brain but emerge from its constant dialogue with the body.
At the heart of this connection is the vagus nerve(神经)— the body’s longest nerve. It winds its way from the brain throughout the head and trunk, issuing commands to our organs and receiving feelings from them. Much of the confusing range of functions it regulated are automatic and operate without conscious control. These complex response engage a group of neutral networks that ink brain and body. The vagus nerve is, in one way of thinking, the conduct of the mind.
The primary function of the vagus nerve is to dampen the body’s response. After a fear episode, for example, the body’s powerful, life-saving threat response must be ended to restore resting heartbeat, breathing, blood flow and the rest. So powerful is its influence that the vagus nerve can literally stop the beating heart. Conversely, it can also stimulate bodily response by releasing the brake to accelerate.
The vagus nerve is the biological basis for many new therapies (疗法) worldwide. However, some people have taken the vagus nerve’s wide-ranging bodily influence as an invitation to engage in false science. In some corners of the Internet so-called polyvagal therapy — physical or breathing exercises that some claim reset the vagus nerve — is proposed to address just about any disorder of the mind or body. There’s little evidence that these popular therapies are anything but comfort.
The vagus nerve doesn’t need to be a cure for everything — it’s worth appreciating all on its own. Neuroscientists compare the vague to an orchestra conductor, harmonizing bodily systems to compose our conscious experience. Professor Linda Rinaman once said, “We’re not just brains in jars. Our thoughts and feelings are rooted in flesh and blood.”
29．How does the author introduce the topic in paragraph 1
A．By sharing a story. B．By creating a scene.
C．By asking a question. D．By defining a concept.
30．What does the underlined word “conduct” in paragraph 2 mean
A．Channel. B．Product. C．Mirror. D．Nature.
31．What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about
A．The popularity of a biological treatment. B．The effectiveness of breathing exercises.
C．The misuse of unproven nerve therapies. D．The evidence of vagus nerve ' functions.
32．What do Linda Rinaman’s words imply
A．Blood circulation determined our emotions. B．Physical health is unrelated to mental states.
C．Body and mind interact to form experiences. D．Our brain store feelings separate from body.
（24-25高三下·山西·阶段练习）Many people encourage competition and focus on success. “Giving up” is frowned upon. We are overjoyed at stories of people who persevered and succeeded. Friends and colleagues always encourage you to keep trying. “If at first you don’t succeed, try, try again.” “Follow your dream! Winners never quit!”
Perseverance is indeed important, to a limit. However, never take it too far. For one thing, goals and dreams might be beyond reach. Stories of achieving childhood dreams through perseverance might be uplifting, but they suffer from “selection bias”. Put simply, they are not informative, because nobody tells stories about the many people who persevered but failed after wasting a good part of their lives. It is indeed frustrating if you follow an unrealistic dream. For another, every road taken means another road is not taken. An unrealistic goal means missing out on other opportunities. What if everybody with the childhood dream of becoming an astronaut persistently kept trying forever Winners always wisely choose what to quit and what to pursue.
Recent studies have shown that being able to give up some goals and dreams and redirect your energy toward more reasonable ones is important for mental well-being and leads to higher quality of life in the long term. The psychological term is “goal disengagement”. If you are currently devoting too much time and effort to an unattainable goal, here are some hints that might help.
First, do not tie a goal to your identity. Nobody can be defined by a single goal or interest. Besides, disengage from a goal but keep some of the effort. It’s called “turning it into a hobby”. Few stamp and coin collectors desire to become professionals, yet many enjoy collecting. Last and most important, do not think of giving up as a failure, but as a choice. Your time is limited. Try new activities, rediscover previous interests, and revise your ambitions. Be honest with yourself about your chances, and choose the goals that best suit you. And remember that, when you give up a goal, you do not fail. You make a choice to free up your time for other possibilities.
33．What result may “selection bias” bring to people
A．Setting self-limit. B．Giving up more easily.
C．Misjudging the situation. D．Ignoring successful stories.
34．How can people benefit from “goal disengagement”
A．By motivating their desire for success. B．By gaining a sense of self-satisfaction.
C．By telling easy goals from difficult goals. D．By saving energy to focus on practical goals.
35．Which of the following may the author agree with
A．Accepting failure with ease does make sense.
B．One can make a hobby out of an unattainable goal.
C．Turn to professionals when realizing personal goals.
D．Choosing a goal is more challenging than realizing it.
36．Which of the following is the best title for the text
A．Identity Crisis: Be True to Yourself. B．Goals or Hobbies: Make Your Choice.
C．Never Say Never: The Key to Success. D．Winners Do Quit: Be Wise About Your Goals.
（2025·福建·三模）The ability to connect an event with its consequences — experts use the term associative learning — is a crucial skill for adapting to the environment. Recent findings show that adults fail to demonstrate the highest learning performance in this area. This paves the way for a fresh perspective on associative learning disorders, which are linked to the development of mental illness later in life.
Researchers from Ruhr University Bochum conducted groundbreaking experiments across four age groups: babies (0-3), primary school children (6-12), teenagers (13-19), and adults. Participants were required to identify patterns between visual pictures and corresponding rewards through computer-based tasks. Several learning sessions were then integrated to assess performance stability.
The research team was amazed by the results: “We’d initially assumed that associative learning improves continuously with increasing age,” says Dr. Carolin Konrad. However, there was a clear peak in performance at primary school: “Children at this age achieved the best results, learned most consistently and showed the least variability in their learning behavior.” Although adults and teenagers learned faster than babies, they didn’t reach the performance level of primary school children.
It also emerged that repeated exposure to the learned material plays a crucial role for babies and teenagers since an additional learning session led to an improvement in learning performance in these age groups. Teenagers improved 40% after additional practice sessions, whereas adults showed minimal progress. This finding highlights the “sensitive period” phenomenon — the brain’s higher plasticity during childhood that allows more efficient knowledge strength.
The study shows that associative learning is present across the lifespan but that the rates and quantities of learning vary. “This mental capacity not only helps us avoid dangers but also influences emotional regulation patterns,” concludes Konrad. “Early identification of association of associative learning difficulties could serve as an indicator for future mental health risks.”
37．Which is an example of associative learning
A．A baby grasps an object placed in its hand.
B．A student works harder after getting good grades.
C．A driver keeps speeding up when receiving a ticket.
D．A cook follows his recipe despite customer complaints.
38．What were the participants required to do in the experiments
A．Identify the relationship between different groups.
B．Watch and record their own performance over time.
C．Assess their learning progress during the sessions.
D．Pair pictures with rewards through computer-based tasks.
39．What surprised the researchers about associative learning
A．Adults possessed greater adaptability.
B．Primary schoolers outperformed others.
C．Teenagers peaked in learning performance.
D．Babies required frequent exposure to knowledge.
40．Why is the “sensitive period” phenomenon mentioned in paragraph 4
A．To show learning ability differences across all ages.
B．To advise adults to learn efficiently in a gradual way.
C．To stress the significance of learning during childhood.
D．To demonstrate the brain’s ability to adapt in adulthood.
（2025·福建·三模）Researchers at Rutgers University-New Brunswick have developed an AI tool that will help predict the habitats of endangered whales, guiding ships along the Atlantic coast to avoid them. The tool is designed to prevent deadly accidents and inform conservation strategies and responsible ocean development.
The AI program analyzes patterns from two large databases, improving the ability to monitor the distribution of endangered marine (海洋的) species like the North Atlantic right whale. The marine sciences professors, Ahmed Ezzat and Josh Kohut, likened the output to what might be learned by tracking people’s movements in a house and determining whether there is food in the kitchen. Such factors might evaluate why people are where they are at certain times of the day. Detecting certain patterns conveys predictive power. “With this program, we’re correlating the position of a whale in the ocean with environmental conditions,” Kohut said. “This allows us to predict whale locations with higher probability, enabling us to carry out effective protection strategies.”
Unlike typical computer programs, where instructions are written out, this new machine learning program analyzed large data sets to discover patterns and relationships. As the AI program encountered more data, it adjusted its internal model to make better predictions or classifications. “The outcome of the machine-learning model is a prediction of where you may encounter a marine mammal (哺乳动物),” Ezzat said, describing what he characterized as a “probability map”.
Initially, the researchers sought to develop high-resolution models of the North Atlantic right whale presence to support responsible offshore wind farm development and operation. However, Ezzat noted that these tools could benefit various industries in the blue economy, such as fishing and shipping. “This approach can support a wise and environmentally responsible use of these waters,”Ezzat said.
“For decades, we’ve had whale location data and environmental records, but AI finally connects them,” Kohut emphasized. “This demonstrates the power of employing AI methodologies to advance our ability to predict or estimate where these whales are. We can achieve our economic goals while minimizing harm to the environment.” This innovation safeguards whales and advances responsible ocean development — a critical step as climate pressures intensify.
41．What do we know about the AI tool
A．It can predict whale locations.
B．It can avoid coastal pollution.
C．It can monitor the research progress.
D．It can prevent deadly marine diseases.
42．What does the underlined word “likened” in paragraph 2 probably mean
A．Owed. B．Compared. C．Applied. D．Submitted.
43．What can we learn from Kohut’s words in the last paragraph
A．Whales boost blue economy.
B．Climate change harms whales.
C．AI is key to sustainable oceanic exploration.
D．Technological innovation takes constant efforts.
44．What is the author’s attitude toward the AI tool
A．Positive. B．Dismissive. C．Conservative. D．Objective.
（2025·山东聊城·二模）For almost two centuries, greenhouse gas emissions have climbed steadily as humans have burned increasing amounts of oil, gas and coal. Now, climate scientists believe those emissions may finally be reaching a peak.
Thanks to the rapid growth of renewable energy, global emissions from fossil fuels could soon start to decline. The long-awaited peak is a key milestone in the effort to limit how hot the planet will get. Studies show emissions must peak and then rapidly decline to limit impacts like more intense heat waves and storms.
Many climate researchers supposed that annual emissions could fall in 2024, indicating global emissions had already peaked. But a new study finds emissions from burning fossil fuels are still likely to increase slightly this year, driven by growing demand for electricity.
Global leaders are currently discussing efforts to cut emissions at the COP29 climate summit in Baku, Azerbaijan. A decline in emissions could be a sign that the negotiations (谈判) are finally having an effect. Even when emissions start to fall, the Earth will still be on track for extreme impacts from climate change. Any added greenhouse gases will keep warming the planet. Emissions would need to be cut roughly in half by 2035 to limit warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius, the key benchmark (基准) countries agreed to pursue in climate negotiations.
The growing supply of solar and wind energy has begun to displace fossil fuels, but so far in 2024, it’s been counteracted (抵消) by a growing need for electricity. Economies are growing and airline and shipping traffic is on the rise. The increased use of artificial intelligence also requires intensive amounts of electricity to run data centers. Severe heat waves around the globe this year also raised the demand for air conditioning, a sign of how worsening climate impacts can make it even harder to cut emissions.
Luckily, we are still, to some extent, masters of our fates and we can control how much warming there is.
45．What does the “milestone” refer to in the second paragraph
A．The rapid growth of renewable energy.
B．The peak of greenhouse gas emissions.
C．The decline in global temperatures.
D．The increase in fossil fuel usage.
46．How does the author think of the negotiations at the COP29 climate summit
A．They have already achieved significant results.
B．They are opposed by major global leaders.
C．They are a waste of time and resources.
D．They may start to have a positive impact.
47．What makes it harder to cut emissions
A．The growing need for electricity.
B．The increasing use of renewable energy.
C．The decline in fossil fuel supply.
D．The decrease in airline and shipping traffic.
48．What is the author’s attitude towards limiting climate change
A．Objective B．Negative. C．Indifferent. D．Positive.
（2025·山东·模拟预测）Driving has significant downsides, including pollution, traffic, and crashes. In 2023, an estimated 40,990 people died in car crashes in the U.S., with millions more injured in nonfatal collisions (碰撞). These crashes often result from human errors, such as drunk drive, distraction, or misjudgment. Despite efforts to mitigate these errors through traffic enforcement and safer road design, human mistakes remain a major issue.
Self-driving cars, like those developed by Waymo, offer a promising solution. Waymo’s robotaxis have driven 33 million miles, primarily in San Francisco and Phoenix, and have been involved in 62% fewer police-reported crashes, 78% fewer injury-causing crashes, and 81% fewer severe crashes compared to human-driven cars. These figures might even understate the safety benefits, as other drivers are often partially responsible for collisions with autonomous vehicles.
While incidents like the Cruise robotaxi accident, where a human driver hit a passer-by who was then dragged by the autonomous vehicle, raise concerns, human drivers also cause terrible accidents. The key question is whether autonomous vehicles are safer overall and can be made even safer through careful monitoring and innovation.
Data from California shows that most crashes involving Waymo and Cruise vehicles were low-speed and often caused by other drivers. Although it’s too early to determine the full impact of self-driving cars on fatal crashes, the potential for reducing human error is significant. As more autonomous vehicles hit the road, the number of crashes caused by human drivers could decrease, leading to broader societal benefits, including reduced healthcare costs and fewer legal issues related to traffic accidents.
The Autonomous Vehicle Industry Association has proposed a policy framework to speed the adoption of self-driving cars, advocating for clear federal guidelines and a national safety data base. While autonomous driving technology is still in its beginning and faces challenges like navigating snow and ice, policymakers should work to remove regulatory barriers and ensure safety standards are met.
In conclusion, while human drivers won’t disappear soon, self-driving cars have the potential to significantly improve road safety and reduce the economic and social costs of traffic accidents.
49．What does the underlined word “mitigate” in paragraph 1 mean
A．Ease. B．Expand. C．Explain. D．Embrace.
50．What can we infer from Waymo’s robotaxi data
A．Robotaxis are unbelievably safe. B．They are safer than human-driven cars.
C．They might cause more severe crashes. D．Other drivers are unlikely to hit robotaxis.
51．What is one challenge mentioned for self-driving cars
A．They cannot operate in big cities. B．They are not accepted by the public.
C．They are too expensive to produce. D．They may struggle in snow and ice.
52．What does the author imply in the last paragraph
A．Self-driving technologies have brought about profits environmentally.
B．Human drivers will be replaced by self-driving cars in the near future.
C．Policymakers should focus on developing self-driving technologies.
D．Self-driving cars have a promising future with great benefits.
（2025·山东·二模）The body clock really means circadian rhythms (昼夜节律). These are the body’s internal biological pacemakers that help us adjust to the phases of a 24-hour day.
Studies of night-shift participants have linked disruptions (紊乱) in circadian rhythms to cancer and other diseases. Much of the evidence concerned breast cancer and to a lesser extent prostate cancer. Duration of shift work made a difference — participants who worked night shifts for up to 30 years were at moderately increased risk for breast cancer compared with those who did shorter period, and those who worked such shifts for more than 30 years had the highest risk. In 2019 the World Health Organization reconfirmed and updated a research statement from the agency showing that shift work is a probable cause.
The cancer connection comes about through several mechanisms. Circadian disruption affects the chemical reactions that produce energy in the body. Adult human cells divide every 18 to 24 hours, and one function of the circadian clock is to tell cells to do that at night to avoid DNA damage from sunlight. “When the clock gets disrupted, cells don’t know when to divide,” says Satchidananda Panda, a circadian biologist of the Salk Institute for Biological Studies. “They can divide faster and become a tumor (肿瘤).”
Circadian disruption also happens when we consistently don’t get a good night’s sleep — scientists say this can mean waking up for two or three hours between 10 P. M. and 5 A．M. at least once a week. Wakeful episodes can be caused by jet lag, staying out late, or looking at blue-light-emitting phone screens, which are similar to daylight, at night. When and what we eat also influences our rhythms, just as light and dark do, so add snacking at midnight to the list of things to avoid.
For those who don’t work at night, changing some routines might be enough. Panda and his colleagues are investigating a practice known as Time-Restricted Eating (TRE) or occasional fasting. In a 12-week study of firefighters, TRE benefited their metabolic health and improved their sleep. In mice, it has been shown to reduce the risk of cancer or to slow the growth of tumors.
Maybe, Panda says, “Respecting our circadian rhythms can help protect our time-sensitive bodies.”
53．Who is most likely to suffer from cancer according to the text
A．A nurse on the night shift for 25 years
B．A chef working in a restaurant for 40 years.
C．A programmer staying up all night for 33 years.
D．A volcano expert exploring in the wild for 35 years.
54．What is paragraph 3 mainly about
A．The causes of circadian disruption.
B．The function of the circadian clock.
C．The link between circadian disruption and cancer.
D．The frequency of cell division in the human body.
55．What can be concluded from paragraphs 4 and 5
A．Eating habits can affect body rhythms.
B．Going on a diet is a must for good health.
C．Working late at night requires extra meals.
D．Exposure to daylight contributes to better sleep.
56．Which would be the best title for the text
A．How does the night shift generate cancer
B．Can we schedule our circadian rhythms
C．Adjusting our body clock may avoid cancer
D．Listening to our body and adopting TRE count
（2025·山东·二模）Carnival in the Caribbean is more than just a party; it is a tradition deeply rooted in history. Each island in the Caribbean has its unique way of celebrating Carnival, but all share a common theme of the enduring spirit of its people, blending history, culture, and joy.
In Trinidad and Tobago, Carnival began in the late 18th century when enslaved people, banned from participating in the parties of French plantation owners, created their own festival, developing Calypso music as a form of communication. Today, Trinidad’s Carnival is known as the “greatest show on earth”, featuring events like J’ouvert, stickfighting, and the Panorama steelpan competition.
Guadeloupe’s Carnival is known for its reflections on reality, with traditional drumming, stilted figures called moko-zobis, and lifeful street parades. The island’s rich history is also showcased at the Mémorial ACTe Museum, which explores the legacy of the slave trade.
Martinique’s Carnival is another highlight, with its origins in the 17th and 18th centuries. Enslaved Africans used satire, music, and dance to express their freedom. The celebration includes parades, funny parties, and the ceremonial burning of King Vaval on Ash Wednesday.
In Barbados, the Crop Over Festival marks the end of the sugarcane harvest. This summer celebration culminates in Grand Kadooment Day, a grand parade filled with colorful costumes and music. The festival is a source of pride for Bajans, celebrating their agricultural heritage.
Finally, Dominica’s Mas Domini k offers a unique Carnival experience set against the backdrop of lush rainforests. The celebration includes J’ouvert, Calypso music, and a kiddie carnival, making it a family-friendly event.
57．What is the origin of Carnival in Trinidad and Tobago
A．An event of the ancient music.
B．A tradition of the costume parties.
C．A celebration created by enslaved Africans.
D．A festival introduced by French plantation owners.
58．What is a key feature of Martinique’s Carnival
A．The Crop Over festival. B．The burning of King Vaval.
C．The use of traditional drumming. D．The Panorama steelpan competition.
59．What do the Carnivals in Caribbean have in common
A．Parade. B．Music. C．Harvest. D．Costume.
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《专题05 阅读理解（说明文）15篇 【2025高频考点】-冲刺2025年高考英语演练 （新高考专用）》参考答案
题号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
答案 A B D C B B D A D C
题号 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
答案 C D D B A C C B C A
题号 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
答案 C B A B D C B C B A
题号 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
答案 C C C D B D B D B C
题号 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50
答案 A B C A B D A D A B
题号 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59
答案 D D C C A C C B B
1．A 2．B 3．D 4．C
【导语】本文是说明文。主要介绍了研究人员如何通过研究蚂蚁的合作行为，来寻找解决交通拥堵问题的方法，并探讨了这些发现如何应用于未来的自动驾驶汽车编程中。
1．主旨大意题。根据第二段“The free flow of traffic becomes unstable as the number of cars increases on a highway. At 15 vehicles per mile per lane, one driver tapping their brakes (刹车) can cause a persistent wave of congestion. “It’s a kind of phase transition,” like water turning from a liquid to a solid form, says Nishinari, a physicist at the University of Tokyo.(随着高速公路上汽车数量的增加，交通的自由流动变得不稳定。在每条车道每英里15辆车的速度下，一个司机轻踩刹车就会造成持续的拥堵。“这是一种相变”，就像水从液体变成固体一样，东京大学的物理学家西成说)”可知，本段主要讲述了造成堵塞的原理。故选A项。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段“In a recent study, researchers recorded ants on trails and used traffic-engineering models to analyze their movement. They found that the ants don’t jam because they travel in groups of three to 20 that move at nearly constant rates while keeping good distances between one another-and they don’t speed up to pass others.(在最近的一项研究中，研究人员记录了小路上的蚂蚁，并使用交通工程模型来分析它们的运动。他们发现蚂蚁不会堵塞，因为它们以3到20只蚂蚁为一组，以几乎恒定的速度移动，同时彼此保持良好的距离，它们不会加速超过其他蚂蚁)”可知，蚂蚁避开交通堵塞的关键是保持稳定的速度和间距。故选B项。
3．细节理解题。根据第四段““We’re maximizing the interests of individuals, which is why, at a given point, you start to have a traffic jam,” says Nicola, who studies sustainable engineering at the University of Trento in Italy. “But self-driving cars, if they one day become everywhere, could have more cooperative programming. In one vision of this future, autonomous vehicles would share information with nearby cars to make good use of traffic flow-perhaps, by prioritizing constant speeds and headways or by not passing others on the road,” Nicola suggests.(“我们是在最大化个人利益，这就是为什么在某一时刻，你会开始遭遇交通堵塞，”在意大利特伦托大学研究可持续工程的Nicola说道。“但是，如果自动驾驶汽车有一天能无处不在，它们可能会采用更具合作性的编程。在这种未来愿景中，自动驾驶车辆会与附近的车辆共享信息，以充分利用交通流量——或许是通过优先考虑保持恒定速度和车距，或者不在道路上超车，”Nicola建议道)”可知，Nicola建议将蚂蚁的合作策略应用于自动驾驶汽车。故选D项。
4．词句猜测题。根据后文“By leaving room between their car and the one ahead of them, drivers can absorb a wave of braking in heavy traffic conditions that would otherwise be amplified (放大) into a traffic jam with no obvious cause.(通过在自己的车和前面的车之间留出空间，司机可以在交通拥挤的情况下吸收一波刹车，否则这种刹车会在没有明显原因的情况下被放大成交通堵塞)”可知，需要在自己的车和前面的车之间留出空间，是为了防止追尾，推知tailgate应是“追尾”之意，和C项意思相近。故选C项。
5．B 6．B 7．D 8．A
【导语】本文是说明文。讲述了打呼噜引起的睡眠呼吸暂停症的成因及治疗。
5．主旨大意题。根据第二段“The most common type of sleep apnea (呼吸暂停) is caused by weakened throat muscles relaxing too much during sleep, causing the airway to narrow or close. That leads to snoring plus long pauses between breaths. And when breathing is affected this way, the brain isn’t getting the oxygen it needs. Obesity and age are considered the biggest risk factors for sleep apnea. Other risk factors include smoking, having a thick neck or narrow throat, family history and certain medical conditions.(最常见的睡眠呼吸暂停是由于喉咙肌肉在睡眠中过度放松，导致气道狭窄或关闭。这会导致打鼾，再加上两次呼吸之间长时间的停顿。当呼吸受到这种影响时，大脑就无法获得所需的氧气。肥胖和年龄被认为是睡眠呼吸暂停的最大危险因素。其他危险因素包括吸烟、脖子粗或喉咙窄、家族史和某些医疗条件)”可知，本段讲的是睡眠呼吸暂停症的成因。故选B项。
6．细节理解题。根据第三段“The diagnosis requires several steps. Besides a medical history and physical exam, doctors try to rule out other conditions, such as asthma (哮喘) or thyroid (甲状腺) disorders, that can cause similar symptoms. And they recommend a sleep study to check on breathing, heart rate and other functions during sleep.(诊断需要几个步骤。除了病史和体格检查外，医生还试图排除其他可能导致类似症状的疾病，如哮喘或甲状腺疾病。他们还建议进行睡眠研究，检查睡眠期间的呼吸、心率和其他功能)”可知，医生需要排除其他可能导致类似症状的疾病(如哮喘或甲状腺疾病)，以确保准确诊断睡眠呼吸暂停。故选B项。
7．词句猜测题。根据第四段“For mild cases in people who are overweight, lifestyle changes can be enough to reverse sleep apnea. Stopping smoking and drinking may help. Even switching from sleeping on your back to on your side may offer relief.(对于超重人群中的轻度病例，改变生活方式足以reverse睡眠呼吸暂停。戒烟和戒酒可能会有所帮助。即使从仰卧睡姿改为侧卧睡姿也能缓解呼吸暂停)”可知，此处是在讲述通过改变生活方式来改善呼吸暂停，所以reverse含义和D项“改变”意思相近。故选D项。
8．推理判断题。根据最后一段“When treatment is required, the most common is a machine called CPAP. “It’s a mask that prevents collapse in the back of the throat,” explains Atul Malhotra, a professor and sleep medicine specialist at the University of California. “It has an unnecessarily bad reputation, since it’s well tolerated by most patients. But you need to find the right mask and the right pressure settings.” There’re also certain surgeries that can be done to keep the airways open or to remove excess tissue, but these are a last-line treatment after less-invasive methods have failed. There’re many trials underway to evaluate drug treatments.(当需要治疗时，最常见的是一种叫做CPAP的机器。加州大学教授、睡眠医学专家阿图尔·马尔霍特拉解释说：“这是一种防止喉咙后部塌陷的口罩。”“它有一个不必要的坏名声，因为大多数患者都能很好地耐受它。但你需要找到合适的口罩和合适的压力设置。”也可以做一些手术来保持气道畅通或去除多余的组织，但这些都是在微创方法失败后的最后一线治疗。目前正在进行许多评估药物治疗的试验)”可知，提到了CPAP的机器治疗和手术治疗，目前的治疗药物还在评估，并没有正式投入使用，所以事实是还没有专门的药物可以治疗睡眠呼吸暂停症。故选A项。
9．D 10．C 11．C 12．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了瑞士科学家研发出一种新的巧克力制作方法，这种方法不仅使巧克力更健康，还对地球更友好。
9．推理判断题。根据第一段“The traditional method of chocolate making only uses the seeds and that is wasteful and not sustainable.(传统的巧克力制作方法只使用巧克力籽，这既浪费又不可持续)”可知，传统的可可生产系统是不可持续的。故选D。
10．细节理解题。根据第一段“The traditional method of chocolate making only uses the seeds and that is wasteful and not sustainable. The new method uses the entire cocoa fruit instead of just the seeds, and that makes it ecofriendly and sweet without using added sugar.(传统的巧克力制作方法只使用巧克力籽，这既浪费又不可持续。这种新方法使用了整个可可果实，而不仅仅是种子，这使得它既环保又甜，不需要添加糖)”可知，巧克力制作新方法的优势就是它最大限度地利用可可豆。故选C。
11．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Chocolate producers in Africa, South America, and even in the US, are already contacting Mishra, the main researcher of the study, about the new method.(非洲、南美甚至美国的巧克力生产商已经在联系这项研究的主要研究员米什拉，讨论这种新方法)”可推知，接下来作者有可能会谈及不完全采用新工艺的原因。故选C。
12．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Now Swiss scientists have found a way to make chocolate healthier for you and for the planet too. The traditional method of chocolate making only uses the seeds and that is wasteful and not sustainable. The new method uses the entire cocoa fruit instead of just the seeds, and that makes it ecofriendly and sweet without using added sugar.(现在，瑞士科学家找到了一种方法，让巧克力对你和地球都更健康。传统的巧克力制作方法只使用巧克力籽，这既浪费又不可持续。这种新方法使用了整个可可果实，而不仅仅是种子，这使得它既环保又甜，不需要添加糖)”结合文章主要讲述了瑞士科学家研发出一种新的巧克力制作方法，这种方法不仅使巧克力更健康，还对地球更友好。由此可知，D项“瑞士科学家在巧克力上取得突破”最符合文章标题。故选D。
13．D 14．B 15．A 16．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了洛杉矶公共图书馆的虚构书籍评论卡片系统的历史和作用，以及它如何帮助图书馆工作人员和读者了解新小说。
13．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The reviews, a collection of thousands of index cards, contain library staff members’ thoughts and opinions about new fiction releases that the library carried.(这些评论，是一系列数千张索引卡片，包含图书馆工作人员对图书馆收藏的新小说的看法和意见。)”可知，评论卡片中包含图书馆工作人员对新小说的看法和评论。故选D项。
14．细节理解题。根据第三段中的句子“Robert Anderson, who has worked as a librarian at the LAPL since 1980, says the staff review cards were a handy tool that library staff used to answer specific questions the public had about different books.(自1980年以来一直在洛杉矶国立图书馆担任图书管理员的Robert Anderson说，员工书评卡是图书馆工作人员用来回答公众对不同书籍提出的具体问题的方便工具。)”可知，评论卡片的目的是为读者提供参考。故选B项。
15．推理判断题。根据第四段中的句子“On an index card, library staff would handwrite or type up an abstract of a book they read and give their personal review of it.(在索引卡上，图书馆工作人员会手写或打印他们读过的一本书的摘要，并给出他们的个人评论。)”和下面的例子“For example, for the library’s review of Virginia Woolf’s 1925 book Mrs. Dalloway, the reviewer underlined “wholesome,” “pleasant,” and “interesting.” Of the staff member’s characterization of the book, Anderson said he wasn’t sure why the reviewer considered Woolf’s writing — which deals with loneliness and other, often dark human experiences — to be wholesome, “but they did.”(例如，在图书馆对弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫1925年作品《达洛维夫人》的评论中，书评人着重标注了‘健康向上’‘赏心悦目’‘妙趣横生’等词。面对工作人员对这本书的定性，安德森表示不解——他不明白为何书评人会将伍尔夫笔下那些描写孤独与人性幽暗的文字视为‘健康向上’，‘但他们的确这么写了。’)”可以推断出，评论卡中的评论是主观的。故选A项。
16．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“The Los Angeles Public Library’s index of staff review cards isn’t used regularly anymore. But the system now serves as a historical record of both the books, some almost 100 years old, as well as the cultural views held by the book-loving library staff of the time.(洛杉矶公共图书馆的员工评论卡索引不再经常使用。但是，这个系统现在既可以作为这些书的历史记录，也可以作为当时爱书的图书馆工作人员所持有的文化观点的历史记录。)”可知，尽管洛杉矶公共图书馆的评论卡片系统现在不再经常使用，但它作为一个历史记录，记录了近100年前的书籍以及当时的图书馆工作人员的文化观点。这表明作者对这个系统持有一种欣赏的态度。故选C项。
17．C 18．B 19．C 20．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了Hill Maini结合烹饪与科研的经历，重点讲述了他对N. intermedia真菌的研究，该真菌能将农业废料转化为食物，且人们接受度良好。
17．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Growing up with a mother who introduced swedes (芜菁甘蓝) to Indian cuisine, Hill Maini developed an early appreciation for the transformative power of cooking.(Hill Maini在一位将芜菁甘蓝引入印度美食的母亲的陪伴下长大，他很早就对烹饪的变革力量产生了兴趣)”可知，是他母亲的影响吸引了他对烹饪的兴趣。故选C项。
18．细节理解题。根据第二段中“What makes this fungus extraordinary is its ability to turn indigestible plant waste into nutritious, flavorful food in just 36 hours.(这种真菌的非凡之处在于，它能在短短36小时内将难以消化的植物废料转化为营养丰富、美味可口的食物)”以及第三段中“They tested N. intermedia on about 30 different agricultural waste products. The results were astonishing — the fungus thrived on almost all of these agricultural waste products, proving its significant role in food recycling.(他们在大约30种不同的农业废料上测试了N. intermedia真菌。结果令人惊讶——这种真菌在几乎所有这些农业废料上都生长良好，证明了它在食品回收中的重要作用)”可知，N. intermedia能利用无用的农产品制造出食物。故选B项。
19．词句猜测题。根据前文“They tested N. intermedia on about 30 different agricultural waste products. The results were astonishing(他们在大约30种不同的农业废料上测试了N. intermedia真菌。结果是惊人的)”以及后文“proving its significant role in food recycling(证明了它在食品回收中的重要作用)”可知，这种真菌在这些农业废料上生长得很好。由此推知，划线词“thrived(茁壮成长，兴旺)”与“Mushroomed(迅速成长，大量涌现)”意思相近。故选C项。
20．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“We found that, basically, people who had never tried this food before made positive comments about it,” Hill Maini said. “The results were pretty good.”(Hill Maini说：“我们发现，基本上，那些以前从未尝过这种食物的人对它做出了积极的评价。结果相当不错。”)”可知，人们品尝red oncom后感到满意。故选A项。
21．C 22．B 23．A 24．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了数据库的不足限制了AI的发展和运用。
21．细节理解题。根据第二段“This is in part because these tools are limited in their ability to process chemical structures, knowledge graphs, time series and other forms of non-text information.(这部分是因为这些工具在处理化学结构、知识图谱、时间序列和其他形式的非文本信息方面的能力有限)”可知，阻止发展和更广泛运用大语言模型的原因是其在某些方面能力有限。故选C。
22．词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“researchers are demanding better quality and more specialized data sets targeted to the intended model application(研究人员要求针对预期模型应用的更高质量和更专业的数据集)”可知，研究人员要求针对预期模型应用的更高质量和更专业的数据集，是为了提升AI在一系列科学应用中的研究水平,“a series of”意为：一系列的，最贴切文意。故选B。
23．细节理解题。根据最后一段“A lot of scientific innovations are enabling progress toward that goal, including new materials science technologies that offer fresh ways to address key challenges.(许多科学创新正在推动实现这一目标，包括为解决关键挑战提供新方法的新材料科学技术)”可知，科学创新能推动2025目标实现。故选A。
24．推理判断题。根据第一段“AI will continue to dominate headlines in 2025, but as these technologies are integrated into numerous industries, the discussions on optimizing (优化) AI outcomes are shifting from algorithms (算法) to data.(人工智能将在2025年继续占据头条，但随着这些技术被整合到众多行业，关于优化人工智能成果的讨论正在从算法转向数据)”及全文可知，这篇文章介绍了数据库的不足限制了AI的发展和运用，最可能出现在杂志上。故选B。
25．D 26．C 27．B 28．C
【导语】本文是说明文。介绍了一种新型机器人GOAT能够适应各种环境。
25．细节理解题。根据第一段“Researchers led by Josie Hughes in the CREATE Lab in EPFL’s School of Engineering wanted to develop a robot that could go across diverse environments as skillfully as animals by changing form on the fly.(由乔西·休斯领导的EPFL工程学院CREATE实验室的研究人员想要开发一种机器人，它可以像动物一样熟练地通过在飞行中改变形态来穿越各种环境)”以及第二段““While most robots compute the shortest path from A to B, GOAT considers the travel pattern as well as the path to be taken,” Hughes explains. “For example, instead of going around an obstacle like a stream, GOAT can swim straight through. If its path is hilly, it can passively roll downhill like a ball to save both time and energy, and then actively drive as a rover (漫游者) when rolling is no longer beneficial.”(休斯解释说：“当大多数机器人计算从A点到B点的最短路径时，GOAT会考虑旅行模式和路径。例如，山羊可以直接游过去，而不是像溪流一样绕过障碍物。如果它的路径是丘陵，它可以像球一样被动地滚下山，以节省时间和精力，然后当滚动不再有益时，它可以作为漫游者主动行驶。”)”可知，GOAT最主要的特征就是能根据不同的环境改变它的形态。故选D项。
26．细节理解题。根据第三段“To design their robot, the CREATE team took inspiration from across the animal kingdom, including spiders and kangaroos. The team’s bioinspired approach led to a design that is highly compliant (顺应的), meaning it adapts in response to interaction with its environment, rather than remaining unchangeable.(为了设计他们的机器人，CREATE团队从动物王国汲取了灵感，包括蜘蛛和袋鼠。该团队的生物启发方法导致了高度顺应的设计，这意味着它可以适应与环境的相互作用，而不是保持不变)”可知，CREATE团队是由其他生物特别是动物而产生灵感。故选C项。
27．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Looking ahead, the researchers see many potential applications for their device, from environmental monitoring to disaster response.(展望未来，研究人员看到了他们的设备的许多潜在应用，从环境监测到灾难响应)”可知，此款机器人可以适用于环境监测或者灾难应对等领域，而气象领域会有极端灾害发生。故选B项。
28．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Researchers led by Josie Hughes in the CREATE Lab in EPFL’s School of Engineering wanted to develop a robot that could go across diverse environments as skillfully as animals by changing form on the fly. With GOAT (Good Over All Terrains) they have achieved just that—and created a new model for robotic movement and control in the process.(由乔西·休斯领导的EPFL工程学院CREATE实验室的研究人员想要开发一种机器人，它可以像动物一样熟练地通过在飞行中改变形态来穿越各种环境。有了GOAT (Good Over All terrain)，他们就做到了这一点，并在这个过程中为机器人的运动和控制创造了一个新的模型)”可知，本文讲了一种新型机器人GOAT能够适应各种环境，所以C项“GOAT：适应不同环境的机器人”是本文最好的标题。故选C项。
29．B 30．A 31．C 32．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了迷走神经作为连接大脑和身体的通道，在调节身体反应方面起着重要作用，是许多新疗法的生物学基础，但也存在被伪科学滥用的情况，最后强调身心是相互作用形成我们的体验的。
29．推理判断题。根据第一段“It is late at night. You wander empty streets, heart pounding, muscles tense, sensing danger nearby. Now imagine the same situation, but without these response. Would you still feel afraid Experiences like this unveil a profound truth: our minds are not just products of the brain but emerge from its constant dialogue with the body.(夜深了。你在空荡荡的街道上徘徊，心脏怦怦直跳，肌肉紧绷，感觉到附近有危险。现在想象一下同样的情景，但没有这些反应。你还会感到害怕吗？诸如此类的经历揭示了一个深刻的真理：我们的思维不仅仅是大脑的产物，而是源自大脑与身体之间持续不断的对话)”结合下文对迷走神经的介绍可知，作者通过描述一个场景来引出文章的主题。故选B。
30．词句猜测题。根据第二段“At the heart of this connection is the vagus nerve(神经)— the body’s longest nerve. It winds its way from the brain throughout the head and trunk, issuing commands to our organs and receiving feelings from them.(这种联系的核心是迷走神经——人体最长的神经。它从大脑延伸到头部和躯干，向我们的器官发出指令，并接收来自器官的感觉。)”和“The vagus nerve is, in one way of thinking, the conduct of the mind.(从某种意义上说，迷走神经是思维的conduct。)”可知，迷走神经向我们的器官发出指令，并接收来自器官的感觉，所以它是大脑和身体之间相互交流的通道，由此可知，conduct意为“通道”。故选A。
31．主旨大意题。根据第四段“The vagus nerve is the biological basis for many new therapies(疗法)worldwide. However, some people have taken the vagus nerve’s wide-ranging bodily influence as an invitation to engage in false science. In some corners of the Internet so-called polyvagal therapy — physical or breathing exercises that some claim reset the vagus nerve — is proposed to address just about any disorder of the mind or body. There’s little evidence that these popular therapies are anything but comfort.(迷走神经是世界上许多新疗法的生物学基础。然而，一些人将迷走神经对身体广泛的影响视为从事虚假科学的邀请。在互联网的一些角落，所谓的多迷走神经疗法——一些人声称可以重置迷走神经的身体或呼吸练习——被提议用于治疗几乎任何身心疾病。几乎没有证据表明这些流行的疗法除了安慰之外还有其他作用)”可知，第四段主要讲的是对未经证实的神经疗法的滥用。故选C。
32．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Neuroscientists compare the vague to an orchestra conductor, harmonizing bodily systems to compose our conscious experience. Professor Linda Rinaman once said, “We’re not just brains in jars. Our thoughts and feelings are rooted in flesh and blood.”(神经科学家将迷走神经比作管弦乐队的指挥，协调身体系统，构成我们的意识体验。琳达·丽娜曼教授曾说过：“我们不仅仅是装在罐子里的脑子。我们的思想和感情植根于血肉之中。”)”可知，琳达·丽娜曼教授的话暗示了身心相互作用形成体验。故选C。
33．C 34．D 35．B 36．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了成功者会通过设定目标来实现难以实现的追求，解释了背后的心理现象以及建议。
33．细节理解题。根据第二段“Stories of achieving childhood dreams through perseverance might be uplifting, but they suffer from “selection bias”. Put simply, they are not informative, because nobody tells stories about the many people who persevered but failed after wasting a good part of their lives.(通过坚持不懈实现童年梦想的故事可能令人振奋，但它们受到“选择偏见”的影响。简而言之，它们不能提供信息，因为没有人讲述许多人在浪费了生命的大部分时间后坚持不懈但失败了的故事)”可知，“选择偏差”会给人们带来判断错误。故选C。
34．细节理解题。根据第三段“Recent studies have shown that being able to give up some goals and dreams and redirect your energy toward more reasonable ones is important for mental well-being and leads to higher quality of life in the long term. The psychological term is “goal disengagement”. If you are currently devoting too much time and effort to an unattainable goal, here are some hints that might help.(最近的研究表明，能够放弃一些目标和梦想，把你的精力转向更合理的目标，对心理健康很重要，从长远来看，这能带来更高的生活质量。心理学术语是“目标脱离”。如果你目前在一个无法实现的目标上投入了太多的时间和精力，这里有一些提示可能会有所帮助)”可知，人们通过节省精力专注于实际的目标从“目标脱离”中获益。故选D。
35．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Besides, disengage from a goal but keep some of the effort. It’s called “turning it into a hobby”.(此外，从目标中解脱出来，但要保持一些努力。这叫做“把它变成一种爱好”。)”可知，一个人可以把不可能实现的目标变成爱好。故选B。
36．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Many people encourage competition and focus on success. “Giving up” is frowned upon. We are overjoyed at stories of people who persevered and succeeded. Friends and colleagues always encourage you to keep trying. “If at first you don’t succeed, try, try again.” “Follow your dream! Winners never quit!”(许多人鼓励竞争，专注于成功。“放弃”是不被允许的。我们为那些坚持不懈并取得成功的人的故事而欣喜若狂。朋友和同事总是鼓励你继续尝试。“如果一开始你没有成功，那就努力，再努力。“追随你的梦想！”成功者永不放弃！”)”以及文章主要说明了成功者会通过设定目标来实现难以实现的追求，解释了背后的心理现象以及建议。可知，D选项“成功者会放弃：明智地设定你的目标”最符合文章标题。故选D。
37．B 38．D 39．B 40．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是不同年龄段在联想学习能力上的差

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