资源简介

(共77张PPT)
八年级上册 Units 1～2
主题目标　践行学思结合　
主题群概览 核心素养内涵 子主题群目标
生活与学习 语言能力；文化意识；思维品质；学习能力 1．掌握基础词汇知识，能用句子描述身边日常事务和人际交往沟通的具体信息。
2．通过语境应用，实践重要知识点，深化理解主题意义。
人际交往
深化探究　完成主题目标　
主题一　基础知识固根基
名词 n．
1．垃圾；废弃物_______
2．杂乱；不整洁____
3．精神压力；心理负担______
4．浪费；垃圾_____
rubbish
mess
stress
waste
5．手指______
6．邻居________
7．成员；分子_______
8．压力________
9．意见；想法；看法_______
10．技艺；技巧_____
finger
neighbor
member
pressure
opinion
skill
形容词 adj．
1．有毛病；错误的_____
2．焦虑的；担忧的_______
3．不理智的；疯狂的_____
wrong
nervous
crazy
副词 adv．
1．也不_______
2．而且；加之______
3．从……以后；自……以来_____
4．代替；反而；却_______
5．再也(不)；(不)再_______
6．可能；大概；也许_______
neither
anyway
since
instead
anymore
perhaps
动词 v．
1．折叠；对折____
2．给；递；走过；通过____
3．借；借用______
4．厌恶；讨厌____
5．浪费；滥用_____
fold
pass
borrow
hate
waste
6．提供；供应_______
7．依靠；信赖______
8．允许；准许_____
9．猜测；估计_____
10．解释；说明_______
provide
depend
allow
guess
explain
11．抄袭；模仿；复制；复印____
12．归还；回来；返回______
13．持续；继续存在________
14．比较_______
15．鞭策；督促；推动____
16．造成；引起_____
17．主动提出；自愿给予_____
copy
return
continue
compare
push
cause
offer
介词 prep．
从……以后；自……以来_____
连词 conj．
因为；既然；从……以后；自……以来_____
代词 pron．
1．两者都不_______
2．任何；每一________
since
since
neither
whatever
1．relation n．关系；联系；交往
→____________ n．关系；联系→_______ adj．相关的；有联系的→________ n．亲戚；亲属
2．fair adj．合理的；公正的
→______ (反义词)不平等的；不公正的→_______ n．公正性，公平合理性
relationship
related
relative
unfair
fairness
3．ill adj．有病；不舒服
→_______ n．疾病
4．proper adj．正确的；恰当的
→________ adv．合适地→________ adj．不合适的
5．quick adj．快的；迅速的；时间短暂的
→_______ adv．迅速地
illness
properly
improper
quickly
6．old adj．年老的
→_____ (比较级)→______ (最高级)
7．sweep v．扫；打扫
→_____ (过去式)→_____ (过去分词)
8．throw v．扔；掷
→_____ (过去式)→______ (过去分词)
9．lend v．借给；借出
→____ (过去式)→____ (过去分词)
older
oldest
swept
swept
threw
thrown
lent
lent
10．depend v．依靠；信赖
→_________ adj．依靠的；依赖的→____________ n．独立→___________ adj．独立的，自主的
11．develop v．发展；壮大
→___________ n．发展→__________ adj．发展中的→_________ adj．发达的
dependent
independence
independent
development
developing
developed
12．drop v．落下；掉下
→_______ (过去式)→_______ (过去分词)
13．communicate v．交流；沟通
→_____________ n．交流；沟通
14．argue v．争吵；争论
→________ n．争论
dropped
dropped
communication
argument
15．compete v．竞争；对抗
→___________ n．竞争→__________ n．竞争者
16．second num．第二
→________ adv．第二；其次
competition
competitor
secondly
1．_________________倒垃圾
2．___________搞得一团糟；制造混乱
3．_________ 依靠；信赖
4．__________ 照顾
5．___________ 快速查看；浏览
take out the rubbish
make a mess
depend on
take care of
look through
6．__________ 和睦相处；关系良好
7．______ 删除；删去
8．_____________ 比较；对比
9．________ 从事于
10．___________ 扔掉；抛弃
get on with
cut out
compare... with
work on
throw away
11．_________________与……交流
12．_____________与……竞争
13．_____________扫地
14．___________________________________________________与某人打架
15．_________目的是；为了
communicate with...
compete with...
sweep the floor
fight with sb．/ get into a fight with sb．/have a fight with sb．
in order to
16．______________ 依……看
17．___________ 对……感到抱歉
18．____________ 生……的气
19．__________ 对……有好处
20．_________ 结果
in one's opinion
be sorry for
be angry with
be good for
as a result
1．请你倒一下垃圾好吗？
Could you please _________________
2．她没有做任何家务，我也是。
She did not do any housework and ___________．
3．家务活浪费他们的时间。
Housework is _________________．
take out the rubbish
neither did I
a waste of their time
4．在家中给他们的孩子提供一个干净、舒适的环境是家长们的事情。
It is the parents' job _________________________________________________________________．
5．昨天我发现我的妹妹在翻阅我的东西。
I found my sister ______________my things yesterday．
6．泰勒一家是一个典型的美国家庭。
_____________ a typical American family．
to provide a clean and comfortable environment
looking through
The Taylors are
at home for their children
7．他们总是把他们和别的孩子作比较。
They are _________________ them ________________．
8．那些疲惫的孩子直到晚上七点钟才到家。
The tired children __________________after 7：00 p．m．
9．尽管想要成功的孩子是正常的，(但是)拥有快乐的孩子甚至更为重要。
Although it's normal ________________________，it's even ________________________________．
always comparing
with other children
don't get home until
to want successful children
more important to have happy children
根据句意选出黑体词汇的最佳释义。
1．fair　A．adj．合理的；公正的　B．n．展览会
①(2023·哈尔滨中考)He thought that it was not fair．　(　 　)
②(2024·泰安岱岳区模拟)This invention won a gold medal at the World's Fair！　(　 　)
B
A
2．copy　A．v．抄袭；模仿　B．n．复印件
①(2023·邵阳中考)You should copy what I will do．　(　 　)
②(2023·常德中考)He gave the driver a free copy of the newspaper he bought．　(　 　)
B
A
主题二　教材语篇串考点
根据短文内容，用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使文章通顺、完整，每词限用一次。
Passage 1[素材选自Unit 1]
parent　study　whether　 help　on　 clean　comfortable　fair　good　 take
Dear Sir，
I've noticed a debate about 1．_______ kids should help with housework at home．Some，like Ms．Miller，believe that kids nowadays have enough stress from school and don't have time for both 2．________ and doing chores．She thinks housework is a waste of their time．Kids should focus 3．__ schoolwork to get good grades and enter a good university．Also，there's no need for them to do chores now as they will have to do them when they grow older．She even says that providing a clean and 4．__________ environment is the parents' job．However，she herself doesn't mind doing chores．
whether
studying
on
comfortable
On the contrary，Mr．Smith argues that it's important for children to learn to do chores and 5．____ their parents．Just getting good grades at school isn't enough．These days，children depend too much on their 6．_______．They constantly ask for help all the time．Doing chores helps to develop children's independence and teaches them to look after themselves．It also makes them understand the idea of
help
parents
7．_______．Since they live with their parents in the same house，they should know everyone has a role in keeping it 8．_____ and tidy．His neighbor's son got into a good college but had no idea how to 9．____ care of himself in his first year．As a consequence，he often fell ill and his grades dropped．The earlier kids learn to be independent，the 10．______ it is for their future．
What do you think about this
Best regards，
Daming
fairness
clean
take
better
Passage 2[素材选自Unit 2]
they　decrease　future　until　even　much　happen　win　familiar　compare
Maybe You Should Learn to Relax!
These days，Chinese children are sometimes a lot busier on weekends than weekdays as they have to take plenty of after-school classes．Many of them are learning exam skills to enter a good high school and then a nice university．Others are doing sports training to be capable of competing and 1．_______．However，this situation doesn't just 2．______ in China．
winning
happen
The Taylors are a typical American family．The life of Cathy Taylor's three children is very busy．“On most days after school，” Cathy says，“I take one of my two sons to basketball practice and my daughter to football training．Then I have to take my other son to piano lessons．Maybe I could 3．________ some of their activities，but I consider these activities important for my children's 4．______．I truly wish them to be successful．” However，the tired children don't get home 5．_____ after 7：00 p．m．They have a quick dinner，and then it's time for homework．
decrease
future
until
Linda Miller，a mother of three，is 6．________ with such stress．“In some families，competition starts at a very young age and continues until the kids grow up，” she says．“Mothers send their little kids to all kinds of classes．And they always 7．_______ them with other children．It's crazy．I don't think it's fair．Why don't they just let their kids be kids？People shouldn't push their kids too hard．”
familiar
compare
Doctors say that too 8．____ pressure isn't good for a child's growth．Dr．Alice Green says all these activities can cause a lot of stress for children．“Kids should have time to relax and think for 9．_________too．Although it's normal to want successful children，it's 10．____ more necessary to have happy children．”
much
themselves
even
辨析 provide 与 offer
主题三　重点知识明考向
provide 意为“提供；供应”。provide sth．for sb．＝provide sb．with sth．为某人提供某物
offer 意为“自愿给予；主动提出”。offer sb．sth．＝offer sth．to sb．给某人提供某物
offer to do sth．主动要求做某事
1．It is reported that China has already provided much help ___ African children．
2．你能免费为我提供一个房间吗？
Can you _____ a room to me for free
3．Li Lei often offered ______ (do) something for the old in the people's house．
4．(2024·泰安宁阳模拟)What impressed me a lot was the help that my teachers and parents _______ (offer) me when I was in trouble．
for
offer
to do
offered
neither 的用法
[拓展延伸]
句型“So＋助动词/be 动词/情态动词＋主语”意为“……也是”，表示与前面所述的肯定情况相同。句型“So＋主语＋助动词/be 动词/情态动词”意为“的确如此”。
1．(2024·广安中考)Unluckily，the duck was _______ nice in colour nor delicious in taste．
2．—Will you go to the movies tomorrow
—If you don't go，____________ (我也不)．
neither
neither will I
3．我们两个都不想迟到。
___________ wanted to arrive late．
4．昨天我们去了公园。他也去了。
We went to the park yesterday．_____ he．
5．—Mike studies hard．
—__________ (确实如此)．
Neither of us
So did
So he does
辨析 borrow，lend 与 keep
词汇 含义 用法
borrow 借(进) borrow sth．from sb．向某人借某物
lend 借(出) lend sb．sth．＝lend sth．to sb．借给某人某物
keep (使)保持；保有，留着，引申
为“借用” 是延续性动词，可以与“for＋一段时间”或how long连用
用borrow，lend，keep填空
1．Cindy ________ some books from the library before she started her research．
2．I have ____ Tom's notebook for half a month．It's time to give it back．
borrowed
kept
3．(2024·泰安新泰模拟改编)—How long has the woman ____ the camera
—For three years．
4．(2024·泰安一模)It was very kind of Lin Tao to ____ me his camera last week．
kept
lend
语境串记
One day，Tom needed a pen．His friend Jack neither provided nor offered him one．Tom decided to borrow a pen from Mary，but Mary didn't lend it to him．So Tom had to keep looking for a pen by himself．
课时规范训练(十三)
考查范围：八年级上册　Units 1～2
(建议用时　30分钟)
一、单词拼写(共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分)
根据句意和首字母或汉语提示，将单词的正确形式完整地写在相应位置上。
1．N______ Jim nor Tom likes the movie because it's so boring．
2．Judy was late for class and e________ the reason to me．
3．With the d__________ of 5G，people's lives have become more and more convenient．
4．Tom's brother is two years o____ than him．
5．I often see a lot of _______ (垃圾) on the floor in the room．
either
xplained
evelopment
lder
rubbish
6．The radio says that it will be ______ (多云的)．
7．Look! He is f______ his clothes．
8．Reading and writing are different ______ (技能)．
9．(2024·泰安宁阳模拟改编)D__________ on the robots too much may make people lazier．
10．(2024·泰安高新区模拟改编)For paralyzed (瘫痪的) people，the special machine can _____ (允许) them to move and do simple things by themselves．
cloudy
olding
skills
epending
allow
二、完形填空(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
(2024·泰安岱岳区模拟)Howard made the soccer team recently．However，he couldn't keep up with his teammates．Howard wasn't in shape as well as 　1　 guys．He also couldn't do a lot of things that the guys did．To make the situation worse，he couldn't get along with the captain．Howard knew that the only 　2　 he made the team was because he made a goal during games．The goal he made was lucky though．The coach 　3　 realized this after the first week of practice．
The coach set up a meeting to talk to Howard．“Do you know what this is about？” the coach asked．Howard nodded．“Your 　4　 has not been as good compared to the others．It also seems like you're having a lot of trouble，” the coach said．“Yeah，I didn't 　5　 up playing soccer，” Howard said．“You're going to have a lot of trouble if you stay on the team．If you still want to play，I think you should take classes and 　6　 again next year．” Howard sighed．He knew the coach was right，　7　 he was still sad．
Howard cried．The coach put his arm 　8　 him．“Everyone has strengths and 　9　．Soccer is not your strength，but you are probably good at something else．I am good at playing soccer，but I am bad at playing instruments，” the coach said．Howard felt a lot 　10　 after hearing that．Howard knew that he had strengths．He just had to find out what they were．
【文章大意】　本文主要讲述了Howard侥幸加入足球队，然而，他跟不上队友。教练劝他离队，他同意了。他明白，自己应该找到自己的强项。
√
1．A．the other　 　　 B．other　 　　 C．another
B　[句意：霍华德的身体状态不如其他人。the other两者中的另一个；other其他的；another不定数量中的另一个。根据“guys”可知，此处表示其他人，other guys“其他人”。故选B。]
√
2．A．reason B．excuse C．purpose
A　[句意：霍华德知道他入选球队的唯一原因就是他在之前的比赛中进了一球。reason原因；excuse借口；purpose目的。根据“because he made a goal during games”可知，此处表示他入选球队的唯一原因。故选A。]
√
3．A．quickly B．hardly C．recently
A　[句意：在第一周的训练后，教练很快意识到了这一点。quickly快速地；hardly几乎不；recently最近。根据“The goal he made was lucky though．”以及“realized this after the first week of practice”可知，教练很快意识到。故选A。]
√
4．A．popularity B．protection
C．performance
C　[句意：你的表现不如其他人好。popularity流行；protection保护；performance表现。根据“compared to the others”可知，表现不如其他人好。故选C。]
√
5．A．set B．take C．grow
C　[句意：“是的，我不是踢足球长大的，”霍华德说。set放；take携带；grow长大。grow up doing sth．“做某事长大的”。故选C。]
√
6．A．give out B．try out C．hang out
B　[句意：如果你还想踢足球，我觉得你应该去上课，明年再试试。give out分发；try out尝试；hang out闲逛。根据“If you still want to play，I think you should take classes”可知，此处表示去上课然后明年再试试，try out “尝试”。故选B。]
√
7．A．so B．but C．or
B　[句意：他知道教练是对的，但他仍然很伤心。so因此；but但是；or或者。根据前后句的句意可知，具有转折关系。故选B。]
√
8．A．around B．among C．above
A　[句意：教练用胳膊搂住了他。around围绕；among在……当中；above在……以上。put one's arm around sb．“用胳膊搂住某人”。故选A。]
√
9．A．illnesses B．sadness C．weaknesses
C　[句意：每个人都有优点和缺点。illnesses疾病；sadness悲伤；weaknesses缺点。根据“Everyone has strengths”可知，此处表示缺点。故选C。]
√
10．A．funnier B．better C．easier
B　[句意：霍华德听了之后感觉好多了。funnier更加有趣的；better更好的；easier更容易的。根据“Howard knew that he had strengths．He just had to find out what they were．”可知，听了教练的开导，霍华德感觉好多了。故选B。]
三、阅读(共4小题；每小题2分，满分8分)
(2024·泰安东岳模拟)Arsh Pal had a big dream when he started selling his artworks at the age of eight．He wanted to raise $ 1，000 for charities (慈善机构)．
Now，five years later，the American boy has far surpassed his plan．Arsh has sold 500 paintings and brought in $ 15，000． Almost every dollar of this income (收入) has gone to charities．
When Arsh was a little boy，his parents introduced him to many activities．The boy，however，was interested in none of them．Things changed when he got a watercolor set (水彩套装) for his eighth birthday．Arsh began to spend all his free time in front of an easel (画架)．
“That was how I started painting，” he said．
Soon，Arsh finished many paintings．They took up a lot of space in his room．The boy decided to give them away to his friends．Around the same time，Arsh visited a nursing home (养老院)．The experience made him think about selling his artworks to help other people．
So he began his money-raising project．He sells his paintings at local art shows，restaurants and libraries，as well as on the Internet．Small pieces have been sold for $ 10 each．Larger ones (about 150cm tall and wide) have been sold for more than $ 800 each．
“I can't stress enough how amazing he is，” said Jolene Schaver，one of Arsh's neighbors．“It's hard to believe that this is being done by a child．” The woman has five of Arsh's paintings hanging in her home．
Arsh has a gift for art，but it is his big heart that is a real gift for others．
【文章大意】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Arsh通过售卖自己的艺术作品来筹集善款的故事。
√
1．Arsh raised $ 15，000 for charities at the age of ________．
A．five　　 B．ten　　
C．thirteen　 D．fifteen
C　[推理判断题。根据“Arsh Pal had a big dream when he started selling his artworks at the age of eight．”以及“Now，five years later，the American boy has far surpassed his plan．Arsh has sold 500 paintings and brought in $ 15，000”可知，他在8岁的时候开始售卖自己的艺术品，5年后，Arsh 13岁时筹集到了15 000美元。故选C。]
√
2．Arsh started painting after ________．
A．he started going to school
B．he had his eighth birthday
C．he took part in many activities
D．he visited the nursing home
B　[细节理解题。根据“Things changed when he got a watercolor set (水彩套装) for his eighth birthday．Arsh began to spend all his free time in front of an easel(画架)．”可知，8岁生日之后Arsh开始画画。故选B。 ]
√
3．According to the passage，which of the following is TRUE
A．People loved Arsh's works of art．
B．Most of Arsh's works were sold to the schools．
C．Arsh donated 10 percent of his income to charities．
D．Arsh sold his paintings because they took up too much space．
A　[推理判断题。根据“I can't stress enough how amazing he is”以及“It's hard to believe that this is being done by a child．”可知，购买画的人对他的画评价很高，很喜爱他的作品。故选A。]
√
4．What's the main idea of the last paragraph
A．Rome wasn't built in one day．
B．One tree can't make a forest．
C．The best value is to help others．
D．One is never too old to learn．
C　[段落大意题。根据“Arsh has a gift for art，but it is his big heart that is a real gift for others．”可知，最后一段主要讲述了Arsh乐于助人的精神品质。故选C。]
四、综合填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
根据短文内容，用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使文章通顺、完整，每词限用一次。
(2024·泸州中考)
become　but　of　effort　challenge　expensive　they　cross　enough　safe
Imagine living in a world you can't see the obstacles (障碍) in your way，the traffic lights at a crossing，or the faces of people around you．For millions 1．____the blind，this is a daily reality (现实)．Traditional guide dogs have provided necessary support for the blind，helping them move 2．_____．However，training a traditional guide dog is unbelievably 3．________ and takes tons of time．It means that the number of guide dogs is smaller than that of blind people．Luckily，good news comes! Thanks to researchers from Northwestern Polytechnical University (西北工业大学) in China，AI guide dogs may soon 4．_______ available to them．They achieved a breakthrough (突破) using an AI language model．
of
safely
expensive
become
The researchers are developing an AI guide dog that can help blind people 5．_____streets，use lifts and walk around indoors without having to be connected to the Internet．
“In recent years，there have been some electronic guide dogs，6．____ they cannot have conversations with people or fully understand human instructions，” said Sun Zhe，a teacher at the university．“They can only carry out tasks according to pre-designed programs．They are just cold machines．That's not 7．________．”
cross
but
enough
“Our research makes it possible for the blind to get better guidance service and be less lonely．Blind people face many 8．__________ in daily life．AI guide dogs can offer 9．_____ a more convenient and safer life，” Sun added．According to the research team，there are still some ways to go before the guide dog can be put into use，and they will put more 10．_____ into it and make it available to people in need as soon as possible．
【文章大意】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人工智能导盲犬能给盲人带来更多的便捷，同时也面临着问题。
challenges
them
effort
1．of　[句意：对数百万盲人来说，这是每天都要面对的现实。millions of “数百万的”。故填of。]
2．safely　[句意：传统的导盲犬为盲人提供了必要的支持，帮助他们安全行动。根据“helping them move”及备选词汇可知，导盲犬可以帮助盲人安全地移动。副词safely“安全地”修饰动词move。故填safely。]
3．expensive　[句意：然而，训练一只传统的导盲犬非常昂贵，而且需要大量的时间。根据“However，training a traditional guide dog is unbelievably ________ and takes tons of time．”及备选词汇可知，此处介绍训练传统导盲犬需要面对的问题和困难，即费用昂贵、耗时长。形容词expensive“昂贵的”符合语境。故填expensive。]
4．become　[句意：多亏了中国西北工业大学的研究人员，人们可能很快就可以使用人工智能导盲犬了。根据“AI guide dogs may soon ________ available to them”及备选词汇可知，句中缺少系动词，become“变得”符合语境。故填become。]
5．cross　[句意：研究人员正在开发一种人工智能导盲犬，它可以帮助盲人过马路，使用电梯，在室内走动，而无需连接到互联网。根据“AI guide dog that can help blind people ________streets”及备选词汇可知，人工智能导盲犬帮助盲人过马路，动词cross“穿过”符合语境。故填cross。]
6．but　[句意：近年来，出现了一些电子导盲犬，但它们不能与人对话，也不能完全理解人类的指令。根据“there have been some electronic guide dogs，、________they cannot have conversations with people or fully understand human instructions”及备选词汇可知，前后文之间是转折关系，用连词but连接。故填but。]
7．enough　[句意：这还不够。根据“They can only carry out tasks according to pre-designed programs．They are just cold machines．”及备选词汇可知，人工智能导盲犬只是一台冰冷的机器，这还远不够满足盲人的需要。形容词enough“足够的”作表语。故填enough。]
8．challenges　[句意：盲人在日常生活中面临许多挑战。根据“Blind people face many ________ in daily life．”及备选词汇可知，盲人在生活中会遇到很多挑战。名词challenges“挑战”作动词宾语。故填challenges。]
9．them　[句意：人工智能导盲犬可以为他们提供更方便、更安全的生活。根据“AI guide dogs can offer ________ a more convenient and safer life”及备选词汇可知，人工智能导盲犬为盲人提供方便安全的生活。offer sb．sth．“给某人提供某物”，代词them指代blind people。故填them。]
10．effort　[句意：据研究小组称，在导盲犬投入使用之前还有一些路要走，他们将在这方面投入更多的努力，并尽快为有需要的人提供帮助。根据“there are still some ways to go before the guide dog can be put into use，and they will put more ________ into it”及备选词汇可知，人工智能导盲犬尚不完美，研究人员还需付出更多努力。put effort into sth．“付出努力”。故填effort。]主题一　基础知识固根基
名词n． 1．垃圾；废弃物rubbish 2．杂乱；不整洁mess 3．精神压力；心理负担stress 4．浪费；垃圾waste 5．手指finger 6．邻居neighbor 7．成员；分子member 8．压力pressure 9．意见；想法；看法opinion 10．技艺；技巧skill 形容词adj． 1．有毛病；错误的wrong 2．焦虑的；担忧的nervous 3．不理智的；疯狂的crazy 副词adv． 1．也不neither 2．而且；加之anyway 3．从……以后；自……以来since 4．代替；反而；却instead 5．再也(不)；(不)再anymore 6．可能；大概；也许perhaps 动词v． 1．折叠；对折fold 2．给；递；走过；通过pass 3．借；借用borrow 4．厌恶；讨厌hate 5．浪费；滥用waste 6．提供；供应provide 7．依靠；信赖depend 8．允许；准许allow 9．猜测；估计guess 10．解释；说明explain 11．抄袭；模仿；复制；复印copy 12．归还；回来；返回return 13．持续；继续存在continue 14．比较compare 15．鞭策；督促；推动push 16．造成；引起cause 17．主动提出；自愿给予offer 介词prep． 从……以后；自……以来since 连词conj． 因为；既然；从……以后；自……以来 since 代词pron． 1．两者都不neither 2．任何；每一whatever
1．relation n．关系；联系；交往 →relationship n．关系；联系→related adj．相关的；有联系的→relative n．亲戚；亲属 2．fair adj．合理的；公正的 →unfair (反义词)不平等的；不公正的→fairness n．公正性，公平合理性 3．ill adj．有病；不舒服 →illness n．疾病 4．proper adj．正确的；恰当的 →properly adv．合适地→improper adj．不合适的 5．quick adj．快的；迅速的；时间短暂的 →quickly adv．迅速地 6．old adj．年老的 →older (比较级)→oldest (最高级) 7．sweep v．扫；打扫 →swept (过去式)→swept (过去分词) 8．throw v．扔；掷 →threw (过去式)→thrown (过去分词) 9．lend v．借给；借出 →lent (过去式)→lent (过去分词) 10．depend v．依靠；信赖 →dependent adj．依靠的；依赖的→independence n．独立→independent adj．独立的，自主的 11．develop v．发展；壮大 →development n．发展→developing adj．发展中的→developed adj．发达的 12．drop v．落下；掉下 →dropped (过去式)→dropped (过去分词) 13．communicate v．交流；沟通 →communication n．交流；沟通 14．argue v．争吵；争论 →argument n．争论 15．compete v．竞争；对抗 →competition n．竞争→competitor n．竞争者 16．second num．第二 →secondly adv．第二；其次
1．take out the rubbish 倒垃圾 2．make a mess 搞得一团糟；制造混乱 3．depend on 依靠；信赖 4．take care of 照顾 5．look through 快速查看；浏览 6．get on with 和睦相处；关系良好 7．cut out 删除；删去 8．compare...with 比较；对比 9．work on 从事于 10．throw away 扔掉；抛弃 11．communicate with...与……交流 12．compete with...与……竞争 13．sweep the floor 扫地 14．fight with sb．/ get into a fight with sb．/have a fight with sb．与某人打架 15．in order to 目的是；为了 16．in one's opinion 依……看 17．be sorry for 对……感到抱歉 18．be angry with 生……的气 19．be good for 对……有好处 20．as a result 结果
1．请你倒一下垃圾好吗？ Could you please take out the rubbish 2．她没有做任何家务，我也是。 She did not do any housework and neither did I． 3．家务活浪费他们的时间。 Housework is a waste of their time． 4．在家中给他们的孩子提供一个干净、舒适的环境是家长们的事情。 It is the parents' job to provide a clean and comfortable environment at home for their children． 5．昨天我发现我的妹妹在翻阅我的东西。 I found my sister looking through my things yesterday． 6．泰勒一家是一个典型的美国家庭。 The Taylors are a typical American family． 7．他们总是把他们和别的孩子作比较。 They are always comparing them with other children． 8．那些疲惫的孩子直到晚上七点钟才到家。 The tired children don't get home until after 7：00 p．m． 9．尽管想要成功的孩子是正常的，(但是)拥有快乐的孩子甚至更为重要。 Although it's normal to want successful children，it's even more important to have happy children．
根据句意选出黑体词汇的最佳释义。
1．fair　A．adj．合理的；公正的　B．n．展览会
①(2023·哈尔滨中考)He thought that it was not fair．　(　A　)
②(2024·泰安岱岳区模拟)This invention won a gold medal at the World's Fair！　(　B　)
2．copy　A．v．抄袭；模仿　B．n．复印件
①(2023·邵阳中考)You should copy what I will do．　(　A　)
②(2023·常德中考)He gave the driver a free copy of the newspaper he bought．　(　B　)
主题二　教材语篇串考点
根据短文内容，用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使文章通顺、完整，每词限用一次。
Passage 1[素材选自Unit 1]
parent　study　whether　 help　on　 clean　comfortable　fair　good　 take
Dear Sir，
I've noticed a debate about 1．whether kids should help with housework at home．Some，like Ms．Miller，believe that kids nowadays have enough stress from school and don't have time for both 2．studying and doing chores．She thinks housework is a waste of their time．Kids should focus 3．on schoolwork to get good grades and enter a good university．Also，there's no need for them to do chores now as they will have to do them when they grow older．She even says that providing a clean and 4．comfortable environment is the parents' job．However，she herself doesn't mind doing chores．
On the contrary，Mr．Smith argues that it's important for children to learn to do chores and 5．help their parents．Just getting good grades at school isn't enough．These days，children depend too much on their 6．parents．They constantly ask for help all the time．Doing chores helps to develop children's independence and teaches them to look after themselves．It also makes them understand the idea of 7．fairness．Since they live with their parents in the same house，they should know everyone has a role in keeping it 8．clean and tidy．His neighbor's son got into a good college but had no idea how to 9．take care of himself in his first year．As a consequence，he often fell ill and his grades dropped．The earlier kids learn to be independent，the 10．better it is for their future．
What do you think about this
Best regards，
Daming
Passage 2[素材选自Unit 2]
they　decrease　future　until　even　much　happen　win　familiar　compare
Maybe You Should Learn to Relax!
These days，Chinese children are sometimes a lot busier on weekends than weekdays as they have to take plenty of after-school classes．Many of them are learning exam skills to enter a good high school and then a nice university．Others are doing sports training to be capable of competing and 1．winning．However，this situation doesn't just 2．happen in China．
The Taylors are a typical American family．The life of Cathy Taylor's three children is very busy．“On most days after school，” Cathy says，“I take one of my two sons to basketball practice and my daughter to football training．Then I have to take my other son to piano lessons．Maybe I could 3．decrease some of their activities，but I consider these activities important for my children's 4．future．I truly wish them to be successful．” However，the tired children don't get home 5．until after 7：00 p．m．They have a quick dinner，and then it's time for homework．
Linda Miller，a mother of three，is 6．familiar with such stress．“In some families，competition starts at a very young age and continues until the kids grow up，” she says．“Mothers send their little kids to all kinds of classes．And they always 7．compare them with other children．It's crazy．I don't think it's fair．Why don't they just let their kids be kids？People shouldn't push their kids too hard．”
Doctors say that too 8．much pressure isn't good for a child's growth．Dr．Alice Green says all these activities can cause a lot of stress for children．“Kids should have time to relax and think for 9．themselves，too．Although it's normal to want successful children，it's 10．even more necessary to have happy children．”
主题三　重点知识明考向
辨析 provide 与 offer
provide 意为“提供；供应”。provide sth．for sb．＝provide sb．with sth．为某人提供某物
offer 意为“自愿给予；主动提出”。offer sb．sth．＝offer sth．to sb．给某人提供某物
offer to do sth．主动要求做某事
1．It is reported that China has already provided much help for African children．
2．你能免费为我提供一个房间吗？
Can you offer a room to me for free
3．Li Lei often offered to do (do) something for the old in the people's house．
4．(2024·泰安宁阳模拟)What impressed me a lot was the help that my teachers and parents offered (offer) me when I was in trouble．
neither 的用法
[拓展延伸]
句型“So＋助动词/be 动词/情态动词＋主语”意为“……也是”，表示与前面所述的肯定情况相同。句
1．(2024·广安中考)Unluckily，the duck was neither nice in colour nor delicious in taste．
2．—Will you go to the movies tomorrow
—If you don't go，neither will I (我也不)．
3．我们两个都不想迟到。
Neither of us wanted to arrive late．
4．昨天我们去了公园。他也去了。
We went to the park yesterday．So did he．
5．—Mike studies hard．
—So he does (确实如此)．
辨析 borrow，lend 与 keep
词汇 含义 用法
borrow 借(进) borrow sth．from sb．向某人借某物
lend 借(出) lend sb．sth．＝lend sth．to sb．借给某人某物
keep (使)保持；保有，留 着，引申 为“借用” 是延续性动词，可以与“for＋一段时间”或how long连用
用borrow，lend，keep填空
1．Cindy borrowed some books from the library before she started her research．
2．I have kept Tom's notebook for half a month．It's time to give it back．
3．(2024·泰安新泰模拟改编)—How long has the woman kept the camera
—For three years．
4．(2024·泰安一模)It was very kind of Lin Tao to lend me his camera last week．
One day，Tom needed a pen．His friend Jack neither provided nor offered him one．Tom decided to borrow a pen from Mary，but Mary didn't lend it to him．So Tom had to keep looking for a pen by himself．
课时规范训练(十三)
考查范围：八年级上册　Units 1～2
(建议用时　30分钟)
一、单词拼写(共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分)
根据句意和首字母或汉语提示，将单词的正确形式完整地写在相应位置上。
1．Neither Jim nor Tom likes the movie because it's so boring．
2．Judy was late for class and explained the reason to me．
3．With the development of 5G，people's lives have become more and more convenient．
4．Tom's brother is two years older than him．
5．I often see a lot of rubbish (垃圾) on the floor in the room．
6．The radio says that it will be cloudy (多云的)．
7．Look! He is folding his clothes．
8．Reading and writing are different skills (技能)．
9．(2024·泰安宁阳模拟改编)Depending on the robots too much may make people lazier．
10．(2024·泰安高新区模拟改编)For paralyzed (瘫痪的) people，the special machine can allow (允许) them to move and do simple things by themselves．
二、完形填空(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
(2024·泰安岱岳区模拟)Howard made the soccer team recently．However，he couldn't keep up with his teammates．Howard wasn't in shape as well as 　1　 guys．He also couldn't do a lot of things that the guys did．To make the situation worse，he couldn't get along with the captain．Howard knew that the only 　2　 he made the team was because he made a goal during games．The goal he made was lucky though．The coach 　3　 realized this after the first week of practice．
The coach set up a meeting to talk to Howard．“Do you know what this is about？” the coach asked．Howard nodded．“Your 　4　 has not been as good compared to the others．It also seems like you're having a lot of trouble，” the coach said．“Yeah，I didn't 　5　 up playing soccer，” Howard said．“You're going to have a lot of trouble if you stay on the team．If you still want to play，I think you should take classes and 　6　 again next year．” Howard sighed．He knew the coach was right，　7　 he was still sad．
Howard cried．The coach put his arm 　8　 him．“Everyone has strengths and 　9　．Soccer is not your strength，but you are probably good at something else．I am good at playing soccer，but I am bad at playing instruments，” the coach said．Howard felt a lot 　10　 after hearing that．Howard knew that he had strengths．He just had to find out what they were．
【文章大意】　本文主要讲述了Howard侥幸加入足球队，然而，他跟不上队友。教练劝他离队，他同意了。他明白，自己应该找到自己的强项。
1．A．the other　 　　 B．other　 　　 C．another
B　[句意：霍华德的身体状态不如其他人。the other两者中的另一个；other其他的；another不定数量中的另一个。根据“guys”可知，此处表示其他人，other guys“其他人”。故选B。]
2．A．reason B．excuse C．purpose
A　[句意：霍华德知道他入选球队的唯一原因就是他在之前的比赛中进了一球。reason原因；excuse借口；purpose目的。根据“because he made a goal during games”可知，此处表示他入选球队的唯一原因。故选A。]
3．A．quickly B．hardly C．recently
A　[句意：在第一周的训练后，教练很快意识到了这一点。quickly快速地；hardly几乎不；recently最近。根据“The goal he made was lucky though．”以及“realized this after the first week of practice”可知，教练很快意识到。故选A。]
4．A．popularity B．protection
C．performance
C　[句意：你的表现不如其他人好。popularity流行；protection保护；performance表现。根据“compared to the others”可知，表现不如其他人好。故选C。]
5．A．set B．take C．grow
C　[句意：“是的，我不是踢足球长大的，”霍华德说。set放；take携带；grow长大。grow up doing sth．“做某事长大的”。故选C。]
6．A．give out B．try out C．hang out
B　[句意：如果你还想踢足球，我觉得你应该去上课，明年再试试。give out分发；try out尝试；hang out闲逛。根据“If you still want to play，I think you should take classes”可知，此处表示去上课然后明年再试试，try out “尝试”。故选B。]
7．A．so B．but C．or
B　[句意：他知道教练是对的，但他仍然很伤心。so因此；but但是；or或者。根据前后句的句意可知，具有转折关系。故选B。]
8．A．around B．among C．above
A　[句意：教练用胳膊搂住了他。around围绕；among在……当中；above在……以上。put one's arm around sb．“用胳膊搂住某人”。故选A。]
9．A．illnesses B．sadness C．weaknesses
C　[句意：每个人都有优点和缺点。illnesses疾病；sadness悲伤；weaknesses缺点。根据“Everyone has strengths”可知，此处表示缺点。故选C。]
10．A．funnier B．better C．easier
B　[句意：霍华德听了之后感觉好多了。funnier更加有趣的；better更好的；easier更容易的。根据“Howard knew that he had strengths．He just had to find out what they were．”可知，听了教练的开导，霍华德感觉好多了。故选B。]
三、阅读(共4小题；每小题2分，满分8分)
(2024·泰安东岳模拟)Arsh Pal had a big dream when he started selling his artworks at the age of eight．He wanted to raise $ 1，000 for charities (慈善机构)．
Now，five years later，the American boy has far surpassed his plan．Arsh has sold 500 paintings and brought in $ 15，000． Almost every dollar of this income (收入) has gone to charities．
When Arsh was a little boy，his parents introduced him to many activities．The boy，however，was interested in none of them．Things changed when he got a watercolor set (水彩套装) for his eighth birthday．Arsh began to spend all his free time in front of an easel (画架)．
“That was how I started painting，” he said．
Soon，Arsh finished many paintings．They took up a lot of space in his room．The boy decided to give them away to his friends．Around the same time，Arsh visited a nursing home (养老院)．The experience made him think about selling his artworks to help other people．
So he began his money-raising project．He sells his paintings at local art shows，restaurants and libraries，as well as on the Internet．Small pieces have been sold for $ 10 each．Larger ones (about 150cm tall and wide) have been sold for more than $ 800 each．
“I can't stress enough how amazing he is，” said Jolene Schaver，one of Arsh's neighbors．“It's hard to believe that this is being done by a child．” The woman has five of Arsh's paintings hanging in her home．
Arsh has a gift for art，but it is his big heart that is a real gift for others．
【文章大意】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Arsh通过售卖自己的艺术作品来筹集善款的故事。
1．Arsh raised $ 15，000 for charities at the age of 　　　　．
A．five　　 B．ten　　
C．thirteen　 D．fifteen
C　[推理判断题。根据“Arsh Pal had a big dream when he started selling his artworks at the age of eight．”以及“Now，five years later，the American boy has far surpassed his plan．Arsh has sold 500 paintings and brought in $ 15，000”可知，他在8岁的时候开始售卖自己的艺术品，5年后，Arsh 13岁时筹集到了15 000美元。故选C。]
2．Arsh started painting after 　　　　．
A．he started going to school
B．he had his eighth birthday
C．he took part in many activities
D．he visited the nursing home
B　[细节理解题。根据“Things changed when he got a watercolor set (水彩套装) for his eighth birthday．Arsh began to spend all his free time in front of an easel(画架)．”可知，8岁生日之后Arsh开始画画。故选B。 ]
3．According to the passage，which of the following is TRUE
A．People loved Arsh's works of art．
B．Most of Arsh's works were sold to the schools．
C．Arsh donated 10 percent of his income to charities．
D．Arsh sold his paintings because they took up too much space．
A　[推理判断题。根据“I can't stress enough how amazing he is”以及“It's hard to believe that this is being done by a child．”可知，购买画的人对他的画评价很高，很喜爱他的作品。故选A。]
4．What's the main idea of the last paragraph
A．Rome wasn't built in one day．
B．One tree can't make a forest．
C．The best value is to help others．
D．One is never too old to learn．
C　[段落大意题。根据“Arsh has a gift for art，but it is his big heart that is a real gift for others．”可知，最后一段主要讲述了Arsh乐于助人的精神品质。故选C。]
四、综合填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
根据短文内容，用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使文章通顺、完整，每词限用一次。
(2024·泸州中考)
become　but　of　effort　challenge　expensive　they　cross　enough　safe
Imagine living in a world you can't see the obstacles (障碍) in your way，the traffic lights at a crossing，or the faces of people around you．For millions 1．　　　　 the blind，this is a daily reality (现实)．Traditional guide dogs have provided necessary support for the blind，helping them move 2．　　　　．However，training a traditional guide dog is unbelievably 3．　　　　 and takes tons of time．It means that the number of guide dogs is smaller than that of blind people．Luckily，good news comes! Thanks to researchers from Northwestern Polytechnical University (西北工业大学) in China，AI guide dogs may soon 4．　　　　 available to them．They achieved a breakthrough (突破) using an AI language model．
The researchers are developing an AI guide dog that can help blind people 5．　　　　 streets，use lifts and walk around indoors without having to be connected to the Internet．
“In recent years，there have been some electronic guide dogs，6．　　　　 they cannot have conversations with people or fully understand human instructions，” said Sun Zhe，a teacher at the university．“They can only carry out tasks according to pre-designed programs．They are just cold machines．That's not 7．　　　　．”
“Our research makes it possible for the blind to get better guidance service and be less lonely．Blind people face many 8．　　　　 in daily life．AI guide dogs can offer 9．　　　　 a more convenient and safer life，” Sun added．According to the research team，there are still some ways to go before the guide dog can be put into use，and they will put more 10．　　　　 into it and make it available to people in need as soon as possible．
【文章大意】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人工智能导盲犬能给盲人带来更多的便捷，同时也面临着问题。
1．of　[句意：对数百万盲人来说，这是每天都要面对的现实。millions of “数百万的”。故填of。]
2．safely　[句意：传统的导盲犬为盲人提供了必要的支持，帮助他们安全行动。根据“helping them move”及备选词汇可知，导盲犬可以帮助盲人安全地移动。副词safely“安全地”修饰动词move。故填safely。]
3．expensive　[句意：然而，训练一只传统的导盲犬非常昂贵，而且需要大量的时间。根据“However，training a traditional guide dog is unbelievably 　　　　 and takes tons of time．”及备选词汇可知，此处介绍训练传统导盲犬需要面对的问题和困难，即费用昂贵、耗时长。形容词expensive“昂贵的”符合语境。故填expensive。]
4．become　[句意：多亏了中国西北工业大学的研究人员，人们可能很快就可以使用人工智能导盲犬了。根据“AI guide dogs may soon 　　　　 available to them”及备选词汇可知，句中缺少系动词，become“变得”符合语境。故填become。]
5．cross　[句意：研究人员正在开发一种人工智能导盲犬，它可以帮助盲人过马路，使用电梯，在室内走动，而无需连接到互联网。根据“AI guide dog that can help blind people 　　　　streets”及备选词汇可知，人工智能导盲犬帮助盲人过马路，动词cross“穿过”符合语境。故填cross。]
6．but　[句意：近年来，出现了一些电子导盲犬，但它们不能与人对话，也不能完全理解人类的指令。根据“there have been some electronic guide dogs，
　　　　they cannot have conversations with people or fully understand human instructions”及备选词汇可知，前后文之间是转折关系，用连词but连接。故填but。]
7．enough　[句意：这还不够。根据“They can only carry out tasks according to pre-designed programs．They are just cold machines．”及备选词汇可知，人工智能导盲犬只是一台冰冷的机器，这还远不够满足盲人的需要。形容词enough“足够的”作表语。故填enough。]
8．challenges　[句意：盲人在日常生活中面临许多挑战。根据“Blind people face many 　　　　 in daily life．”及备选词汇可知，盲人在生活中会遇到很多挑战。名词challenges“挑战”作动词宾语。故填challenges。]
9．them　[句意：人工智能导盲犬可以为他们提供更方便、更安全的生活。根据“AI guide dogs can offer 　　　　 a more convenient and safer life”及备选词汇可知，人工智能导盲犬为盲人提供方便安全的生活。offer sb．sth．“给某人提供某物”，代词them指代blind people。故填them。]
10．effort　[句意：据研究小组称，在导盲犬投入使用之前还有一些路要走，他们将在这方面投入更多的努力，并尽快为有需要的人提供帮助。根据“there are still some ways to go before the guide dog can be put into use，and they will put more
　　　　 into it”及备选词汇可知，人工智能导盲犬尚不完美，研究人员还需付出更多努力。put effort into sth．“付出努力”。故填effort。]
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)八年级上册　Units 1～2
深化探究·完成主题目标
主题一　基础知识固根基
会写词汇
名词　1．rubbish　2．mess　3．stress　4．waste　5．finger　6．neighbor　7．member　8．pressure　9．opinion　10．skill
形容词　1．wrong　2．nervous　3．crazy
副词　1．neither　2．anyway　3．since　4．instead　5．anymore　6．perhaps
动词　1．fold　2．pass　3．borrow　4．hate　5．waste　6．provide　7．depend　8．allow　9．guess　10．explain　11．copy　12．return　13．continue　14．compare　15．push　16．cause　17．offer
介词　since
连词　since
代词　1．neither　2．whatever
会辨词形
1．relationship；related；relative　2．unfair；fairness　3．illness　4．properly；improper　5．quickly　6．older；oldest　7．swept；swept　8．threw；thrown　9．lent；lent　10．dependent；independence；independent　11．development；developing；developed　12．dropped；dropped　13．communication　14．argument　15．competition；competitor　16．secondly
会记短语
1．take out the rubbish　2．make a mess　3．depend on　4．take care of　5．look through　6．get on with　7．cut out　8．compare... with　9．work on　10．throw away　11．communicate with... 　12．compete with...　13．sweep the floor　14．fight with sb．/ get into a fight with sb．/have a fight with sb．　15．in order to
16．in one's opinion　17．be sorry for　18．be angry with　19．be good for　20．as a result
会用句式
1．take out the rubbish　2．neither did I　3．a waste of their time　4．to provide a clean and comfortable environment at home for their children　5．looking through　6．The Taylors are　7．always comparing；with other children　8．don't get home until　9．to want successful children；more important to have happy children
熟词生义
1．①A　②B　2．①A　②B

展开更多......

收起↑