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题型组合评价(八)
环境保护
(建议用时　80分钟)
一、完形填空(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
(2024·潍坊中考)There are over fifty different types of plastics．Many of them are used 　1　 packaging (包装)．Most plastics do not break down and a lot of them are not recyclable．When they are 　2　，they can pollute the air and make it very dangerous．
One of the most popular plastics used in making bottles is called PET．This can be recycled．Plastics 　3　 PET need to be labeled so they can be collected easily for recycling．In America，PET is recycled and used to make 　4　 things，such as flowerpots and milk crates．In Germany some bottles are made from a type of plastic which breaks down in strong 　5　 or when buried．　6　 this is expensive and the bottles might break while they are being used．
Nearly all the things you buy from the supermarket are wrapped in something．　7　 fruit and vegetables are wrapped in plastic or in plastic bags．When we use these things，we usually 　8　 the packaging．Packaging keeps food 　9　．It protects the food and also gives us information about the product．But is it all necessary If you add up all the packaging，it comes to a lot．
Try not to buy things that use a lot of plastic．You'd better 　10　 your old plastic containers for keeping things．
1．[A] at　 　　　　 [B] on　 　　　　 [C] for
2．[A] burnt [B] heated [C] bought
3．[A] as [B] by [C] like
4．[A] dry [B] new [C] heavy
5．[A] wind [B] smell [C] sunlight
6．[A] Or [B] So [C] But
7．[A] Yet [B] Even [C] Still
8．[A] put up [B] pick up [C] throw away
9．[A] warm [B] clear [C] fresh
10．[A] reuse [B] return [C] repair
二、阅读(共两节，满分26分)
第一节(共8小题；每小题2分，满分16分)
A
(2024·泰安岱岳区模拟)Human activity is changing the surface and temperature of our planet．But new research shows it is also changing the sound of oceans and seas．Scientists say these changes may have an effect on many sea animals—from very small fish to huge whales．
Sound travels very far underwater．For fish，sound is a better way to sense their environment than light．They use sounds to communicate with each other．Sounds also help some ocean animals find food and avoid their hunters．Sounds help fish and other sea animals survive．
However，increased noise from humans is making it harder for these animals to hear each other．The noise comes from shipping traffic，underwater oil and gas exploration and other noisy human activities．
Experts say that effects of noise on sea animals are not well understood．However，some studies suggest that noise may cause hearing loss．The stress from human noise might also affect the immune (免疫) system．Many sea animals are showing higher levels of stress because of noise．Also，the number of sea animals has gone down by about half since 1970．In some parts of the ocean，scientists now record fewer animals singing and calling than in the past．
When people think of threats (威胁) facing the ocean，we often think of climate change，plastics and overfishing．But noise pollution is another necessary thing we need to consider．When it comes to something humans can do for the ocean，we need to think about how to make it quieter．Sound pollution may be easier to deal with than other ocean threats．You can reduce or turn off sound at once．
1．Sound is important for ocean animals for many reasons，except___________．
[A] they use it to communicate
[B] they use it to find food
[C] they use it to see their environment
[D] they use it to avoid hunters
2．What can we infer from the passage
[A] Swimming in the sea will cause noise pollution．
[B] Noise does more harm to sea animals than humans realize．
[C] There is little that humans can do to reduce noise pollution．
[D] Plastic pollution is the biggest threat facing oceans and seas．
3．Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage？(①＝Paragraph 1)
[A] [B]
[C] [D]
4．According to the article，which of the following statements is not true
[A] Noise has an effect on huge whales as well as small fish．
[B] Ocean animals might not hear each other because of increased noise from humans．
[C] Many sea animals don't have much pressure as humans．
[D] Plastics and climate change are much harder to solve than noise pollution．
B
(2024·泰安博文中学模拟)As we all know that recycling is a way to take rubbish and turn it into new products．It's good for our environment．
There are a number of different recycling steps that allow materials to be used more than once．All kinds of materials can be recycled．Some of the most common things in use today include recycling plastic，glass，metals and paper．Things made of these materials include soda cans，plastic milk boxes，newspapers，computers and cardboard boxes．
Be sure to recycle everything you can in your house and school．There is almost a “recycle” rubbish can around．Be sure to drop your used aluminum (铝) cans and plastic bottles there．At home，be sure to put paper things like the newspapers，paper boxes and homework pages into the recycle box．Plastics are usually marked with an identification code (标识码) that shows a recycling symbol and a number from 1 to 7．This shows that the type of chemicals (化学品)，or materials，is used in making the plastic．Used paper can be recycled around seven times．
Also we should set up a recycle station in every street，across the city and the country，so the cleaners can transport the rubbish conveniently．This is the only way out for handling rubbish without causing danger to the environment and our health．
Remember: There are a number of advantages for recycling．These include: Landfills—Recycling materials means less rubbish and saves space in landfills．Resources—When we use materials again，this means we can take fewer resources from the earth．Pollution—In general，recycling materials can produce less pollution．Helping to keep our environment clean．So，for ourselves，our children and our children's children，let's take action NOW!
5．What's the key word in this passage
[A] Reused．　　 [B] Recycling．　　
[C] Rubbish．　　 [D] Materials．
6．What are recycling's advantages according to Paragraph 5
①using fewer resources　②saving more space　③saving more money④producing less pollution
[A] ①②③ [B] ②③④
[C] ①③④ [D] ①②④
7．What does the underlined word “handling” in Paragraph 4 mean
[A] Giving up． [B] Dealing with．
[C] Taking out． [D] Looking for．
8．The structure of this passage is ________．(①＝Paragraph 1)
[A] [B]
[C] [D]
第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
Enjoy Nature with Foraging (搜寻)!
(2024·泰安博文中学模拟)Do you enjoy walking in nature Do you like learning about trees and plants 　9　．Foraging is a lot like looking for a treasure．You look around in places like forests and lakes to find different kinds of plants that you can eat．
Foraging is a lot of fun．　10　．Some of these plants are dangerous．Some of them are good to eat．You can spend many relaxing hours walking around in the wild，looking for good plants to eat．
　11　．It is exciting and challenging to find plants that you can eat，but do not eat them until you are very sure of what they are．Before you go foraging，take a class about it．Learn how the different kinds of plants that you can eat look in the wild．Practice finding them with your foraging teacher．Then join a group of foragers．　12　．Never eat anything until you are 100% sure of what it is．Some people have become sick by accident because they ate a wild plant that was dangerous．
Foragers follow some important rules．They do not collect all of the plants in one area．If you take all the plants from one area，no more will grow there．　13　，like by a road or parking lot．If the area is very dirty，the plants there will not be good to eat and may make you very sick．
A．When you walk in the forest，you can find many kinds of plants
B．You may like foraging
C．Look for wild plants together
D．Do not look for plants in areas with a lot of cars
E．While foraging is a lot of fun，you still have to be careful
9． [A] 　[B] 　[C] 　[D] 　[E] 　[F] 　[G]
10．[A] 　[B] 　[C] 　[D] 　[E] 　[F] 　[G]
11．[A] 　[B] 　[C] 　[D] 　[E] 　[F] 　[G]
12．[A] 　[B] 　[C] 　[D] 　[E] 　[F] 　[G]
13．[A] 　[B] 　[C] 　[D] 　[E] 　[F] 　[G]
三、综合填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
1 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 ＋0.5
根据短文内容，用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使文章通顺、完整，每词限用一次。
(2024·湖北中考)
after　attention　clean　collect　come　first　he　helpful　hold　life
Do you believe picking up rubbish has become a world competition
In November of 2023，the first Rubbish Collection World Cup was 1．________ in Asia．Teams from 21 countries took part in it．According to the rules，each team will have 60 minutes to 2．________ rubbish as much as possible．Britain finally won the 3．________ prize．
“We hope more people around the world will pay 4．________ to environmental problems，” said a British team member．
When Ken，the founder (创始人) of the competition，was interviewed，he talked about how he 5．________ up with the idea．Several years ago，he found many sea animals died 6．________ they ate the rubbish in the sea．So he started to pick up rubbish on 7．________ way to the beach every morning．
“Picking up a piece of rubbish may save a turtle's (海龟的) 8．________．It's also a good way to keep the beach 9．________．” In his eyes，changing people's thoughts about rubbish was more important．
“Picking up rubbish is meaningful and 10．________，” added Ken．“Now，I am glad to hear that lots of people take part in it to protect our environment．”
1．________　　2．________　　3．________　　4．________
5．________　　6．________　　7．________　　8．________
9．________　　10．________
四、阅读表达(共6小题；1－3小题每题2分；4－6小题每题3分，满分15分)
1 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 ＋0.5
阅读下面的短文，并根据短文后的要求答题(请注意问题后的词数要求)。
(2024·滨州中考)From September to February each year，Dazhong Mountain in Chuxiong，Yunnan is home to more than 50，000，000 migratory birds (候鸟)．People used to call the mountain Daqueshan，which means bird-hunting mountain．
The villagers used to hunt birds on the mountain．Then one year，they couldn't hear birds singing．People started to worry if migratory birds would return again．In 1984，the Hongtupo Forest Police Station was set up．The officers worked on the mountain，trying to find migratory birds and stop people ①________ hunting them．The job was really difficult．They might lose their way or meet dangerous animals．
The officers also tried to tell villagers the importance of protecting birds and other wild animals．They visited the villagers door to door and helped them ②________ farm work．They even organized activities in schools to get their messages across to children．Now，even children know that birds are to be loved．
The mountain is greener，the water is ③________，and more and more animals come to live here．It has become a bird-protecting mountain．Many people have opened bed-and-breakfasts (民宿) for birdwatchers．
“The village has changed a lot，and we don't hunt birds anymore，” people say．Since people have stopped hunting，the police station now mainly works to save injured (受伤的) wildlife．
1．How many migratory birds live on Dazhong Mountain from September to February？(No more than 5 words)
_____________________________________________________________________
2．What did the villagers on Dazhong Mountain use to do？(No more than 10 words)
_____________________________________________________________________
3．What danger might the officers face on the mountain？(No more than 10 words)
_____________________________________________________________________
4．Fill in each blank in the passage with a proper word．
①________　②________　③________
5．Translate the underlined sentence in the second paragraph into Chinese．
_____________________________________________________________________
6．What is the theme of this passage
_____________________________________________________________________
五、写作(共1小题；满分25分)
2 1 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 ＋0.5
(2024·内江中考)假定你是李华，你的外国朋友Alan上周来你校参观。回去后，他给你发来邮件想了解一些信息。请根据以下内容，给他回复一封邮件。
Dear Li Hua，
I had a good time in your school last week．It was so beautiful and clean．I want to know as students，
1．how you make the school green;
2．how you keep the school clean;
3．how you reuse waste;
4．how you save energy．
I'm looking forward to hearing from you soon．
Yours，
Alan
参考词汇：plant种植；environment环境；throw扔；bin垃圾桶；sort the rubbish 垃圾分类；turn off 关闭；tap 水龙头
注意：
(1)所写内容应包括以上邮件询问内容，并进行合理拓展；
(2)文章中不得出现真实姓名和校名；
(3)词数80—100。
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)题型组合评价(八)
一、【文章大意】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了塑料包装的广泛使用及其对环境的影响，并提出了一些减少塑料使用的方法。
1．C　[句意：许多塑料被用于包装。at在；on在……上；for为了。be used for“用于……”，结合“packaging (包装)”可知，应该说塑料被用于包装。故选C。]
2．A　[句意：当它们被焚烧时，它们会污染空气并使其非常危险。burn焚烧；heat加热；buy购买。根据“they can pollute the air and make it very dangerous”可知，焚烧塑料会污染空气，用burnt。故选A。]
3．C　[句意：像PET这样的塑料需要贴标签，以便可以轻松被收集进行回收。as作为；by通过；like像。根据“PET”可知，此处表示“像PET这样的塑料”，用like。故选C。]
4．B　[句意：在美国，PET被回收并用于制造新东西，如花盆和牛奶箱。dry干的；new新的；heavy重的。根据“such as flowerpots and milk crates”可知，此处表示“制造像花盆和牛奶箱等这样的新东西”，用new。故选B。]
5．C　[句意：在德国，一些瓶子是由一种在强烈阳光下或被埋藏时可分解的塑料制成的。wind风；smell气味；sunlight阳光。根据“breaks down in strong”及常识可知，此处表示“在强烈阳光下被分解”，用sunlight。故选C。]
6．C　[句意：但这是昂贵的，并且瓶子可能在使用时破裂。or或者；so所以；but但是。前后两句表示转折关系，用but连接。故选C。]
7．B　[句意：甚至水果和蔬菜也用塑料或塑料袋包装。yet然而；even甚至；still仍然。根据上文“Nearly all the things you buy from the supermarket are wrapped in something．”和“fruit and vegetables”可知，此处表示“甚至水果和蔬菜也用塑料包装”，表示强调用even。故选B。]
8．C　[句意：当我们使用这些东西时，我们通常会扔掉包装。put up举起；pick up捡起；throw away扔掉。根据“When we use these things”可知，使用东西时得扔掉包装。故选C。]
9．C　[句意：包装保持食物新鲜。warm温暖的；clear清晰的；fresh新鲜的。根据下文“It protects the food and also gives us information about the product．”可知，包装保护食物，使食物保持新鲜。故选C。]
10．A　[句意：你最好重复使用旧的塑料容器来存放东西。reuse重复使用；return返回；repair修理。根据上文“Try not to buy things that use a lot of plastic．”可知，不要购买使用大量塑料制成的东西，说明此处建议旧塑料容器可重复使用。故选A。]
二、【文章大意】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人类活动正在改变地球上海洋的声音，海洋和其他水域声音的变化影响了许多海洋动物。
1．C　[细节理解题。根据“For fish，sound is a better way to sense their environment than light．They use sounds to communicate with each other．Sounds also help some ocean animals find food and avoid their hunters．”可知，声音能帮助鱼类和其他海洋动物交流，帮助他们获取食物、躲避猎人。故选C。]
2．B　[推理判断题。根据“When people think of threats (威胁) facing the ocean，we often think of climate change，plastics and overfishing．But noise pollution is another necessary thing we need to consider．”可知，当人们想到海洋面临的威胁时，我们通常会想到气候变化、塑料制品和过度捕捞，但噪音污染是另一个我们需要监控的必要因素。由此可推测，噪音对海洋动物的危害比人类意识到的要大。故选B。]
3．A　[篇章结构题。第一段为文章的总述部分，提出了人类活动对海洋的影响，包括海洋的声音变化和海洋动物受到的影响。第二段为文章的分述部分，详细介绍了声音在海洋中的传播和对海洋动物的重要性，以及人类活动对海洋声音的影响。第三、四段为文章的进一步分述，探讨了噪音污染对海洋动物的影响，包括听力丧失、免疫系统的影响和海洋动物数量的下降等。第五段为文章的总结部分，强调了噪音污染是海洋面临的威胁之一，呼吁人们采取措施减少噪音污染，保护海洋动物。可知，文章结构为总—分—总。故选A。]
4．C　[细节理解题。根据“Many sea animals are showing higher levels of stress because of noise．”可知，C项与文意不符。故选C。]
【文章大意】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了怎样循环利用以及其优势。
5．B　[细节理解题。根据“As we all know that recycling is a way to take rubbish and turn it into new products．”和“There are a number of different recycling steps”以及“There are a number of advantages for recycling．”可知，本文主要介绍循环利用，recycling是关键词。故选B。]
6．D　[细节理解题。根据“Landfills—Recycling materials means less rubbish...can produce less pollution”可知，循环利用可以节约空间、节约资源和减少污染。故选D。]
7．B　[词义猜测题。根据“Also we should set up a recycle...can transport the rubbish conveniently．”可知，此处是关于循环利用是处理垃圾的方式。故选B。]
8．B　[篇章结构题。根据“As we all know that recycling is a way to take rubbish and turn it into new products．”可知，第一段总领全文，引出话题recycling“循环利用”；第二、三、四段分别介绍循环利用的步骤；最后一段总结全文，介绍循环利用的优点，是总—分—总结构。故选B。]
【文章大意】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了如何在搜寻中享受大自然。
9．B　[根据下句“Foraging is a lot like looking for a treasure．”可知，此处应是引出“foraging”这一主题。选项B“你可能喜欢搜寻”承上启下，符合语境。故选B。 ]
10．A　[根据下句“Some of these plants are dangerous．Some of them are good to eat．”可知，搜寻中发现了植物。选项A“当你在森林里散步时，你可以发现许多种类的植物”符合语境。故选A。]
11．E　[根据下句“It is exciting and challenging to find plants that you can eat，but do not eat them until you are very sure of what they are．”可知，此处是说在搜寻时要谨慎。选项E“虽然搜寻很有趣，但你还是要小心”符合语境。故选E。]
12．C　[根据上句“Then join a group of foragers．”可知，此处说的是集体搜寻这一建议。选项C“一起寻找野生植物”符合语境。故选C。]
13．D　[根据下句“like by a road or parking lot”可知，此处建议不要在有很多车辆的地方搜寻，比如路边或者停车场。选项D“不要在汽车多的区域寻找植物”符合语境。故选D。]
三、【文章大意】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在亚洲举行的首届垃圾收集世界杯，该赛事的创始人介绍了自己创办该比赛的初衷，并且呼吁更多人能够加入到捡垃圾、保护环境的队伍中来。
1．held　[句意：2023年11月，首届垃圾收集世界杯在亚洲举行。根据“the first Rubbish Collection World Cup was...in Asia”及备选词汇可知，此处缺少谓语动词，指举行垃圾收集世界杯。hold“举办”，动词。此处是一般过去时的被动语态，结构是be done，故用其过去分词形式。故填held。]
2．collect　[句意：根据规则，每支队伍将有60分钟的时间尽可能多地收集垃圾。根据“each team will have 60 minutes to...rubbish”及备选词汇可知，此处指收集垃圾。collect“收集”，动词，此处是不定式作后置定语，故空格处用动词原形。故填collect。]
3．first　[句意：英国最终获得了一等奖。根据“Britain finally won the...prize．”及备选词汇可知，此处指英国在比赛中获得了一等奖。the first prize“一等奖”。故填first。]
4．attention　[句意：我们希望全世界有更多的人关注环境问题。此处是动词短语pay attention to“关注”。故填attention。]
5．came　[句意：当竞赛的创始人肯接受采访时，他谈到了自己是如何想出这个主意的。此处是动词短语come up with“想出”。时态是一般过去时，come用其过去式。故填came。]
6．after　[句意：几年前，他发现许多海洋动物在吃了海里的垃圾后死亡。根据“he found many sea animals died...they ate the rubbish in the sea”及备选词汇可知，此处缺少连词，指海洋动物在吃了海洋垃圾之后死亡，故用after“在……之后”连接。故填after。]
7．his　[句意：所以他开始每天早上在去海滩的路上捡垃圾。此处是短语on one's way to“在某人去……的路上”，故用he的形容词性物主代词his，作定语修饰way。故填his。]
8．life　[句意：捡一片垃圾可以救一只海龟的命。根据“Picking up a piece of rubbish may save a turtle's...”及备选词汇可知，此处指捡一片垃圾可以救一只海龟的生命。life“生命”，其前有a修饰，用其单数形式。故填life。]
9．clean　[句意：这也是保持海滩清洁的好方法。根据“It's also a good way to keep the beach...”及备选词汇可知，捡垃圾可以保持海滩清洁。clean“干净的”，形容词作宾补。故填clean。]
10．helpful　[句意：捡垃圾既有意义又有益。根据“Picking up rubbish is meaningful and...”及备选词汇可知，捡垃圾既有意义又有益。helpful“有益的”，形容词，作表语。故填helpful。]
四、【文章大意】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了位于云南楚雄的大中山在环境保护方面发生的变化。过去，大中山附近的村民经常猎杀鸟类，导致鸟儿几乎消失。后来政府采取了一系列措施保护鸟类和野生动物。现在大中山变得山清水秀，成为一座保护鸟类的山。
1．More than 50，000，000．　[根据“From September to February each year，Dazhong Mountain in Chuxiong，Yunnan is home to more than 50，000，000 migratory birds (候鸟)．”可知，每年9月至2月，有5 000多万只候鸟居住在大中山。故填More than 50，000，000．]
2．They used to hunt birds on Dazhong Mountain．　[根据“The villagers used to hunt birds on the mountain．”可知，大中山附近的村民过去常常猎杀鸟类。故填They used to hunt birds on Dazhong Mountain．]
3．They might lose their way or meet dangerous animals．　[根据“They might lose their way or meet dangerous animals．”可知，他们在山上可能会迷路或者遇到危险的动物。故填They might lose their way or meet dangerous animals．]
4．①from　②with　③clearer　[①根据“The officers worked on the mountain，trying to find migratory birds and stop people ... hunting them．”可知，工作人员在山上试图寻找候鸟和阻止人们猎杀候鸟。stop sb．from doing sth．意为“阻止某人做某事”，故填from。②根据“They visited the villagers door to door and helped them ... farm work．”可知，工作人员一家一户地拜访村民家里，并帮助他们做农活。help sb．with sth．意为“帮助某人某事”，故填with。③根据“The mountain is greener，the water is ...，and more and more animals come to live here．”可知，山更绿了，水更清澈了，越来越多的动物来这里生存。因此用到形容词clear的比较级clearer。]
5．他们可能会迷路或者遇到危险的动物。　[might表示“可能”，lose their way表示“迷路”，meet dangerous animals表示“遇到危险的动物”，故填他们可能会迷路或者遇到危险的动物。]
6．Environmental protection．　[通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了位于云南楚雄的大中山在环境保护方面发生的变化，村民由过去的猎杀鸟类到现在的保护鸟类，体现了人们环境保护意识的提高，故文章的主题是：环境保护。故填Environmental protection．]
五、【参考范文】
Dear Alan，
I am pleased to hear from you．I'm also glad you like our school．Firstly，our school plants many trees and flowers every year．Secondly，each of us students is a cleaner．If we see garbage，we will actively pick it up and put it in the bin．Thirdly，to avoid waste，we reuse textbooks．At the same time，we will also use old items to make some reusable items，such as using cans as pen holders．Finally，to save energy，we turn off the tap when brushing our teeth．When we leave the classroom，we turn off the power．These are some of our approaches．Do you usually do this too I look forward to your reply．
Yours，
Li Hua
[总体分析]
①体裁：本文是一篇电子邮件；
②时态：一般现在时；
③提示：写作要点已给出，考生注意不要遗漏要点，并适当添加细节，突出重点。
[写作步骤]
第一步，对收到对方的来信表示开心，并引出主题；
第二步，根据对方邮件的问题，逐一进行回答。
[亮点词汇]
①hear from收到……的来信
②at the same time与此同时
[高分句型]
①If we see garbage，we will actively pick it up and put it in the bin．(条件状语从句)
②When we leave the classroom，we turn off the power．(时间状语从句)

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