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猜押 阅读理解议论文
猜押考点 3年真题 词数和体裁 话题 考情分析 押题依据
阅读理解议论文 2024年新高考Ⅰ卷阅读C篇 343议论文 讨论了纸质阅读与数字阅读、音频和视频学习方式的差异和效果 议论文是英语中的重要文体，在阅读理解中占有一定的比例。 议论文就是说理性的文章，一般由论点、论据和论证过程组成。议论文都要提出论题、观点、提供充分的证据，使用一定的逻辑方法证明观点或得出结论。 高考英语阅读理解中的议论文通常涉及社会、文化、教育、科技、环境等领域的争议性或热点话题。这类文章旨在考查学生的阅读理解能力、逻辑思维能力以及对作者观点和态度的把握。
2024年全国甲卷阅读D篇 343议论文 通过作者与教授关于小说结局的讨论引发了对结局的思考，接着阐述了不同类型的文学作品结局的特点
2023年全国乙卷D篇 289议论文 论述了世人对天才的狭隘定义
押题预测目录
一、思想哲理类 二、人工智能类 (批判性思维) 三、心理学类 四、科学研究类 五、文化与艺术类 六、社会生活类 七、思辨类 八、教育类
一、思想哲理类
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词数 话题 体裁 考点 押题理由
347 失败的心理痛苦如何能够激励个人在缺乏熟练度的活动中变得更好 议论文 细节理解、主旨要义。 思想哲理类议论文是高考英语阅读理解中的重要题型之一，通常涉及人生哲理、价值观、道德观、成功与失败等深层次的主题。这类文章不仅考查学生的语言理解能力，还要求考生具备一定的思辨能力和对抽象概念的理解能力。
The mental pain of failure can stimulate you to become better at the activity in which you lack proficiency-if you can consider the unpleasant experience as an indicator of personal growth. This is what researchers found when they conducted a field experiment at an improvisation (即兴表演) club. One group of amateur improvisers was instructed to actively seek the feeling of awkwardness. The scholars found that, compared with improvisers who were not given this instruction, the first group was more engaged in the exercise. Instead of seeing the discomfort as something to avoid, they saw it as central to the process and leaned into it.
This has effects on how to improve ordinary life. You can put failure to good use in many other areas of life. If you’re a student, take a class far outside your area of skills and interests, knowing that the struggle to cope with a very novel challenge may improve studying what you do like. Enjoy the difficulty of it and analyze the mistakes you make—and you will almost certainly find that you're doing even better at your preferred subject.
Employers can apply these principles as well. I like the “75/25 rule,” according to which employees spend three-quarters of their time on their assigned task and one quarter helping others outside their area. The short-term cost of this is friction as people struggle with novelty and difficulty-and bosses should take care not to make this worse by being punitive or overly critical. But I have seen the long-term benefit of better motivation in the core assignment, as well as a better flow of information and distribution of new skills across different activities within an enterprise.
The embrace-failure principle can even be applied to happiness itself. None of us wants to be unhappy. But inviting sources of unhappiness into life can be extremely beneficial. Resolve not to be afraid of fear, anger, or sadness. They are normal and natural parts of life, after all. And if you let them, they will help you savor (享受) the joys of life all the more.
1．What did the experiment at the improvisation club find
A．Avoiding awkwardness improved improvisers’ creativity.
B．Actively embracing awkwardness increased engagement.
C．Professional improvisers performed better than amateurs.
D．Discomfort negatively impacted participants’ motivation.
2．Why does the author advise students to take unfamiliar classes
A．To reduce their academic pressure.
B．To increase their studying interests.
C．To avoid errors in their preferred field.
D．To indirectly strengthen their major subjects.
3．What is the long-term effect of the “75/25 rule”
A．Employees are more motivated and multi-skilled.
B．Competitions among colleagues get more intense.
C．New and difficult assignments become effortless.
D．Conflicts in workplace disappear completely.
4．Which is the best title of the text
A．The Different Ways to Avoid Failure.
B．The Advice on How to Seek Happiness.
C．The Benefits of Doing Things You’re Bad at.
D．The Reasons Why You’re in Negative Moods.
押题2
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339 培养成长型思维模式更有益，要正视事情带来的感受，认识到无法掌控一切，努力提升应对意外挑战的能力 议论文 推理判断、主旨要义。 思想哲理类议论文是高考英语阅读理解中的重要题型之一，通常涉及人生哲理、价值观、道德观、成功与失败等深层次的主题。这类文章不仅考查学生的语言理解能力，还要求考生具备一定的思辨能力和对抽象概念的理解能力。
What if everything happens for a reason Burnt toast theory, a modern view on this classic idea, suggests that every little inconvenience we experience in our day-to-day lives happens for a bigger reason.
Imagine you accidentally burn your toast before leaving for work. According to burnt toast theory, this tiny inconvenience can cause a domino effect (多米诺效应). Your morning gets delayed by three to five minutes—just enough time to leave the house later than usual and avoid a potential car accident. Or perhaps you catch a later train, missing an awkward encounter with someone you don’t intend to see. You might even meet someone new whom you wouldn’t have otherwise met, leading to a friendship or romantic connection.
When we feel like things are outside our control, that can be scary. The burnt toast theory can help some people let go of their need for control and take negative situations more positively.
However, while maintaining a positive mindset can be beneficial, over-optimism can lead to “poisonous positivity”. When we only allow ourselves to focus on positive thoughts, we are denying ourselves the chance to properly deal with challenges and difficult situations to better ourselves, focusing on creating a false positive fa ade (假象) instead. By constantly avoiding negative experiences, we might ignore their real impact on us and fail to acknowledge when we’re struggling. It can make us feel worse about ourselves, and may lead to pushing down negative feelings or experiences, and refusing to acknowledge or deal with them fully.
Instead of focusing purely on positive thinking, working towards developing a growth mindset may be more helpful. You don’t always have to look for life’s silver linings, or even the meaning behind a little burnt toast. Sometimes things happen, and they suck. But as long as we take time to acknowledge how these things make us feel, and recognize that we can’t always control everything around us, we can still work towards improving ourselves, and how we handle life’s unexpected challenges—and that’s what really matters.
1．What can be inferred from the burnt toast theory
A．Life is a process, not destination. B．Lost in the east, gained in the west.
C．Life is full of endless challenges. D．Lost time will never be found again.
2．Which can be an outcome from “poisonous positivity”
A．Loss of chances to grow. B．Failure to acknowledge others.
C．Inability to control emotions. D．Decline in physical health.
3．Which can be seen as a growth mindset mentioned in the last paragraph
A．Finding reasons for failure.
B．Avoiding pushing others too hard.
C．Accepting life and making it better.
D．Keeping a positive mindset and working hard.
4．Which is the best possible title for the text
A．Bum Toast Theory: Find a True Self
B．Bum Toast Theory: Lead a Positive Life
C．Burn Toast Theory: More than Positivity
D．Burn Toast Theory: How to Live Actively
押题3
词数 话题 体裁 考点 押题理由
362 反思性思考在追求个人幸福和成功方面的作用及其局限性 议论文 细节理解、主旨要义、词句猜测、推理判断。 思想哲理类议论文是高考英语阅读理解中的重要题型之一，通常涉及人生哲理、价值观、道德观、成功与失败等深层次的主题。这类文章不仅考查学生的语言理解能力，还要求考生具备一定的思辨能力和对抽象概念的理解能力。
Socrates declared that the unexamined life wasn’t worth living for a human being, implying that we should attempt to know ourselves, to think through our actions, choices, prejudices and attitudes. But when it comes to thinking about our own happiness and what makes our lives go well, it really does seem that this reflective attitude can ruin our chances of finding what we seek.
Perhaps it’s not surprising that we are better designed for engaging in other activities than reflecting on how best to achieve our own happiness and well-being. Doing things that enhance our growth in physical, social and intellectual areas tends to bring the reward of feeling good, and so stimulates us further to pursue those activities. Sitting around reflecting on what will make us happy is a lot less efficient than chasing the things that make us happy, and if we think too much, there is an opportunity cost - time that we could have spent in a worthwhile activity has gone while we were thinking deeply about the best way to develop.
The philosopher David has written about the role of reflective thinking in sports. One of his observations is that while sports people need to think about the basic actions they are performing, it can be counterproductive to start thinking about the elements making up those actions. A footballer needs to think about kicking the ball low and hard to the left of the goalkeeper, but not to overthink the mechanics of the precise small movements of legs and feet that produce that outcome. If he or she does start this sort of thought process, it very often leads to a poorer shot. What’s needed is a kind of automatic response to the situation.
Perhaps something similar is going on in our life. Those people who start detailed programs of self-development in various dimensions, focusing on diet, habits, exercise, mental activity, work output, and so on, are like the footballer thinking through the small muscle movements. Perhaps their well-meaning self-reflection on their own development and how they want to achieve it, is the very thing that will make a high level of development forever unobtainable for them.
1．What may cause an opportunity cost
A．Spending time on worthy activities.
B．Joining in social meetings actively.
C．Getting stuck in much self-reflection.
D．Doing physical exercises efficiently.
2．What does the underlined word “counterproductive” in Paragraph 3 probably mean
A．Ineffective. B．Meaningless. C．Constructive. D．Profitable.
3．What does the author suggest readers do to achieve their goals
A．Make a comprehensive plan. B．Adopt a direct approach.
C．Think carefully before action. D．Attach importance to details.
4．What is a suitable title for this text
A．The Risk of Overthinking B．The Key to Well-being
C．The Way to Think Reflectively D．The Method to Develop Yourself
二、人工智能类 (批判性思维)
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345 AI 使人类认知面临过时风险，引发对人类地位和未来的担忧 议论文 推理判断 人工智能是当前科技领域的热门话题，也是高考英语阅读理解中的高频主题之一。这类文章通常涉及人工智能的发展、应用、影响及其引发的伦理和社会问题。
Since the dawn of human history, innovation has been a balancing act of wonder and fear. From the discovery of fire to the first flights of airplanes, each technological breakthrough has promised to enhance human abilities while simultaneously (同时) causing risks. Fire could warm us or destroy us; airplanes could connect us or be turned into tools of war. Yet through all these advancements, one constant has remained: human cognition (认知) , the unique spark of thought and creativity that has shaped our progress.
But today, something is different. For the first time in history, human cognition itself is at risk of being out-of-date. With the rise of artificial intelligence (AI), we are no longer just building tools to enhance our abilities; we are building systems that may be superior to our very capacity to think, create, and innovate. This shift doesn’t just completely change industries, but it also challenges the core of what makes us human.
In past innovations, technologies functioned as extensions of human abilities. The airplanes enlarged our physical reach, the Internet expanded our access to information, and computers increased our ability to compute. These tools were clearly under human control, operating within the boundaries we set.
However, AI is fundamentally different. It operates in the range of cognition, not merely conducting tasks, but also learning, reasoning, and even generating creative content. From writing news articles to diagnosing diseases, AI systems are performing tasks once thought to require uniquely human judgment. What happens when machines can think better than we can And, more importantly, what does it mean to be human in an age when our intellectual strength is no longer guaranteed
Historically, we’ve accepted obsolescence (过时) as part of the cycle of innovation and, in most situations, embraced it. Outdated tools should be abandoned, and new ones take their place. But when the “tool” at risk of obsolescence is human cognition itself, we enter unknown area. AI’s capacity to potentially outdo our intellectual talents puts humanity in a weak position, one where we must confront our own limitations.
1．What can we infer from the first paragraph
A．One good turn deserves another. B．Take things as they come.
C．Don’t put the cart before the horse. D．Every coin has two sides.
2．What does the author mean by saying “But today, something is different” in paragraph 2
A．Human cognition starts to be outdated. B．Wonder and fear have lost balance.
C．Human cognition has reached a ceiling. D．Creativity has shaped our progress.
3．How is the main idea presented in the text
A．By telling stories. B．By analyzing causes.
C．By giving examples. D．By applying inferences.
4．What is the author’s attitude towards the rise of artificial intelligence
A．Concerned. B．Skeptical. C．Positive. D．Unclear.
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290 文章提出企业应通过战略性设计，利用AI增强和升级工作任务，推动工作转型 议论文 推理判断、词句猜测、主旨大意 人工智能是当前科技领域的热门话题，也是高考英语阅读理解中的高频主题之一。这类文章通常涉及人工智能的发展、应用、影响及其引发的伦理和社会问题。
The potential for AI like ChatGPT to affect how humans interact with computers and transform jobs has left many company leaders head-scratching. As with other breakthroughs in AI, ChatGPT raises big questions about how AI would impact jobs.
We believe that leading companies should neither attempt to automate human jobs nor wait on the sidelines until the shortcomings of AI are ironed out. Instead, companies should take a more strategic approach to make AI positively influence jobs.
Customer service provides an instructive case in point of the ways AI will transform — not wipe out — jobs. For example, we found that the work for customer service representatives could be broken down into 13 existing tasks. We then analyzed how AI might affect each of those tasks. Four of the tasks like directing organizational activities remained unchanged and could be performed entirely by humans. Four repetitive tasks, including fixing the prices of goods and services and collecting payments, could be fully automated. Five tasks could be upgraded to help humans work more effectively. And five new, high-value tasks emerge. Human, automated, updated, and emergent tasks — these are the elements of a new mix of tasks around which companies should redesign human jobs to get the greatest advantage from AI.
Instead of being dominated by AI, people are guiding them by human experience and knowledge. In fact, the developers of ChatGPT are continuing to refine it based on how people are using it online. As one of ChatGPT's developers pointed out, “This is ChatGPT's secret sauce. The basic idea is to take a large language model with a tendency to pour out anything it wants ... and tune it by teaching it what kinds of responses human users actually prefer.”
1．What does the underlined word “head-scratching” mean in paragraph 1
A．Excited. B．Confused. C．Relieved. D．Frightened.
2．What change will AI bring to the customer service department
A．The department aims to replace human workers with AI.
B．Most tasks in the department will remain untouched by AI.
C．Staff in the department are expected to determine product prices.
D．AI can lead to novel roles for human employees.
3．Why does the author mention the words of a developer of ChatGPT in paragraph 4
A．To prove that a large language model is the key to ChatGPT's success.
B．To show that ChatGPT will be capable of speaking anything.
C．To support that AI should remain under human control and guidance.
D．To support that AI will be smarter than humans in communication.
4．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．AI: Beauty or Beast B．ChatGPT’s Secret to Success
C．AI Will Enrich — Not Erase — Human Jobs D．Clear Divisions of Tasks in Customer Service
押题3
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332 引用学者的观点和对比人类思维与人工智能的不同 议论文 推理判断、细节理解、主旨大意、推理判断 人工智能是当前科技领域的热门话题，也是高考英语阅读理解中的高频主题之一。这类文章通常涉及人工智能的发展、应用、影响及其引发的伦理和社会问题。
A lot of my friends are deeply worried about artificial intelligence, while acknowledging the possible benefits. Many fears about AI are based on an underestimation of the human mind. Some people seem to believe that the mind is like a computer. It’s all just information processing, algorithms (算法) all the way down, so of course machines are going to eventually overtake us.
This is a poor view of who we humans are. The Canadian scholar Michael Ignatieff expressed a much more accurate view of the human mind: “What we do is not processing. It is not computation. It is not data analysis. It is a human activity that is a complex combination of conscious (有意识的) and unconscious, logical and emotional reflection.”
The human mind isn’t just predicting the next word in a sentence; it developed to love and bond with others; to seek the kind of wisdom that is held in the body; to seek and create meaning. AI can copy human thought because it can take all the ideas that human beings have produced and produce them into strings of words or collections of images that make sense to us. But that doesn’t mean the AI “mind” is like the human mind. The AI “mind” lacks understanding, self-awareness, emotions, moral feelings and a unique worldview based on a lifetime of distinct and never to be repeated experiences.
AI is a different kind of intelligence, more powerful than us in some ways, but narrower. It’s helping people handle boring tasks. It’s probably going to be a fantastic tutor, which will transform education and help humans all around the world learn more. But AI’s ultimate accomplishment will be to remind us who we are by revealing what it can’t do. It will force us to double down on all the activities that make us distinctly human: taking care of each other, being a good teammate, reading deeply, exploring daringly, growing spiritually, finding kindred spirits (志趣相投者) and having a good time.
1．What does the author intend to emphasize by quoting Michael Ignatieff
A．The potential threats of artificial intelligence.
B．The gradual replaceability of human thought.
C．The information processing of the human mind.
D．The unique nature of human mental activity.
2．How does the author develop the third paragraph
A．By giving an exact definition. B．By making detailed contrasts.
C．By listing specific data. D．By analyzing cause and effect.
3．What does the author think AI will finally do
A．Remind us of the human limitations. B．Replace human beings in aspects of life.
C．Encourage us to focus on learning activities. D．Enhance our understanding of human nature.
4．What is the best title for the text
A．Can AI Think for Itself B．Do We Need to Resist AI
C．Will AI Threaten Humanity D．Is AI Age Welcome
三、心理学类
押题1
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353 心理学家弗洛姆关于“拥有”和“存在”两种心态的观点，指出“拥有”心态的问题并建议人们做出改变 议论文 推理判断、词句猜测、细节理解 心理学类阅读理解是高考英语中的重要题型之一，通常涉及人类行为、情绪、认知、心理健康等主题。这类文章不仅考查学生的语言理解能力，还要求考生具备一定的逻辑思维能力和对心理学概念的理解能力。
A beautiful piece of music was playing on the radio. I did not know what it was, and I started listening carefully, but then I noticed my mind wandering as if to own the music. It was like it was not enough for me just to enjoy the moment. I needed to memorize, understand, and analyze what I was hearing to capture that moment. And in doing this, I was no longer enjoying it. What stopped me from enjoying the music
In asking that question, I remembered the humanistic psychologist Erich Fromm. In his classic book To Have or To Be he wrote about “having” and “being” as two different mindsets or attitudes towards life. Fromm described how having was a dominant cultural mindset and ultimately at the root of many of our personal and social problems.
The having mindset is so deeply ingrained within us that it can take over and push our being out of the way. The having mindset raises an essential problem for humanity. Fromm writes about how it comes from our materialistic culture in which having as a mindset is prioritized over a being mindset.
It often seems that most of us treat life as if we were just playing a giant game of Monopoly (大富翁) in real time. Who can collect the most wealth and property and exploit (剥削) the other players It is a game in which we learn to value only what brings us monetary gain. We truly need so little in the way of material things to be contented in life. We need a sense of purpose, meaning, relationships, good health, and the resources to be safe and secure.
It feels like we have no choice but to live as if we were the pieces on a Monopoly board. But we can be aware of the choices we make in life and begin to adjust our lives either down the path of having or being. That way, we can learn to enjoy a piece of music without needing to buy it, go for a walk, and appreciate the wildflowers without picking them.
1．What can be inferred about the author from the first paragraph
A．He didn’t like music. B．He liked analyzing music occasionally.
C．He failed to enjoy the music. D．He listened to music casually.
2．What does the underlined word “ingrained” in Paragraph 3 mean
A．Rooted. B．Affected. C．Imagined. D．Discovered.
3．What’s the author’s attitude towards “having” mindset
A．Interested. B．Opposed. C．Positive. D．Unconcerned.
4．What does the author advise us to do
A．Play the game of Monopoly. B．Change our mindsets in life.
C．Aim high and seek your fortune. D．Find life purpose and help others.
押题2
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350 心理学家马斯洛的需求层次理论，以及金钱在满足人类需求中的作用 议论文 推理判断、词句猜测、细节理解 心理学类阅读理解是高考英语中的重要题型之一，通常涉及人类行为、情绪、认知、心理健康等主题。这类文章不仅考查学生的语言理解能力，还要求考生具备一定的逻辑思维能力和对心理学概念的理解能力。
Consider the hierarchy (层次) of needs proposed in 1943 by the psychologist Abraham Maslow. Maslow believed that people tend to focus on meeting their needs in a particular order of urgency. We start with survival needs such as food, shelter, and safety. Once these have been met, we turn our attention to social and emotional needs, such as love and belonging. Finally, we focus on higher-order needs such as self-actualization — in other words, looking for life’s meaning.
Of these three levels, money is only truly helpful for the first. This is why economists often find that well-being doesn’t improve much once a person reaches the relatively humble financial means that meet those needs. The “middle needs” of love and belonging — family, friends, romance — can’t be met with money, and pursuing money with too much gusto can even result in unexpected consequences.
Focusing too much on money is actively opposed to Maslow’s highest-level needs, because doing so can lead people into a trap that researchers call “financial contingency of self-worth,” which happens when a person’s self-esteem is conditional on his or her financial success.
This might explain why stress levels are high both when money is tight and when people reach higher income levels. A 2018 survey conducted by LinkedIn found that stress at work falls when people earn more than $50,000, but then starts to rise significantly when people earn above $200,000. One reason for the stress among high earners is their neglect (忽略) of relationships, according to some researchers.
Perhaps your parents always put a lot of pressure on you to succeed financially, or you tend to be insecure about your self-worth and rely a lot on social comparison. One way or another, you might be measuring yourself in money, and without realizing it, hoping that at some point you will be “expensive” enough to earn others’ love and respect. Your instincts (直觉) might be telling you to earn more, more, more in order to find peace and satisfaction. Your instincts are lying, and you could get much happier by reassessing your priorities.
1．What is the primary role of money according to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
A．It ensures a sense of safety. B．It satisfies all levels of needs.
C．It is crucial for self-actualization. D．It is most effective for basic survival needs.
2．What does “gusto” mean in paragraph 2
A．Resistance. B．Enthusiasm. C．Indifference. D．Hesitation.
3．Why might pursuing money excessively lead to stress even at higher income levels
A．It leads to a constant need for financial growth.
B．It complicates financial choices for the wealthy.
C．It may overshadow social and emotional bonds.
D．It increases the pressure to maintain high income.
4．What is the author’s view on using money as a measure of self-worth
A．It’s a natural response. B．It’s a reasonable pursuit.
C．It’s a notable misconception. D．It’s a temporary phase in personal growth.
押题3
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311 人格测试的局限性以及人格并非固定不变的观点 议论文 推理判断、词句猜测、细节理解、主旨大意 心理学类阅读理解是高考英语中的重要题型之一，通常涉及人类行为、情绪、认知、心理健康等主题。这类文章不仅考查学生的语言理解能力，还要求考生具备一定的逻辑思维能力和对心理学概念的理解能力。
Many seemingly serious personality tests are not supported by research. Despite being a billion-dollar industry, commercial personality testing does not predict success. That’s because most tests assume one’s characters are static.
Researches confirm that people can intentionally shape their characters. That’s contrary to their assumption that your personality type places you in a box, directing how you choose partners, activities and careers.
You can think of personality as labels that summarize your responses to questions as follows. Do you think about situations more pessimistically, or are you a glass-half-full kind of person Do you wait until the last minute to complete tasks, or do you plan ahead Depending on your answers, you might be labeled as a certain personality. However, people often view personality as the core of who they are. According to scientific definitions, personality is not one’s likes, dislikes or preferences. It’s not your values or what you think is important. Shifting characters does not change the core of who you are. It simply means responding to situations with different thoughts and behaviors.
Here is a common example. Suppose you’re not super reliable. If you start to think “being on time shows others that you respect them”, to feel pride when you arrive to a dinner party before friends, and to engage in new behaviors that increase your timeliness (守时) — such as getting up with an alarm and setting appointment reminders — you are demonstrating the features of a reliable person. If you maintain these changes to your thoughts and behaviors over time — ta-da! — you are reliable.
Besides, personality changes across a person’s lifetime. As people grow older, they tend to experience fewer negative emotions, become more considerate, place greater emphasis on harmonious relationships and are less critical of others. Slow yet steady changes in thoughts and behaviors can eventually develop the personality people desire.
1．What does the underlined word “static” in paragraph 1 mean
A．Flexible. B．Constant. C．Complex. D．Predictable.
2．What is the main idea of paragraph 3
A．Questions help people understand labels. B．Planning ahead leads to completing tasks.
C．Negative beliefs tend to worsen situations. D．Personality is how one thinks and behaves.
3．What does the common example show
A．How to manage the time. B．How to maintain changes.
C．How to change personality. D．How to increase timeliness.
4．How might people become as they age
A．Critical. B．Positive. C．Selfless. D．Reliable.
四、科学研究类
押题1
词数 话题 体裁 考点 押题理由
368 论述了科学的本质 议论文 推理判断、主旨大意、细节理解 科学研究类说明文是高考英语阅读理解中的重要题型之一，通常涉及科学发现、实验研究、技术应用、科学原理等主题。这类文章不仅考查学生的语言理解能力，还要求考生具备一定的科学素养和逻辑思维能力。
Some scientists insist that once we discover the truth about the world, we are done. Anyone who denies such truths, they suggest, is stupid or ignorant (无知的). Well, no. In science, what we do is both hard and, often, hard to explain. The history of science offers many examples of matters that scientists thought they had resolved, only to discover that these matters needed to be reconsidered. Familiar examples include Earth as the center of the universe and the stability of continents.
Science is a process of learning and discovery, and sometimes we learn that what we thought was right is wrong. To say that science is “true” or “permanent” is like saying that “beauty is absolute”. At best, it’s a bit off-key (不恰当的). The concept of beauty today is very different from what it was in ancient Greece or the Middle Ages, and so are most of our “laws” of nature.
Other scientists may say scientific findings are true because they use “the scientific method”. But we can never actually agree on what that method is. Some will say it is observation and description of the world. Others will say it is the use of experience and experiment. Recently a leading scientist said the scientific method was to avoid fooling oneself into thinking something is true that is not.
Each of these views has its value, but if the claim is that any one of these is the scientific method, then they all fail. History and philosophy have shown that the idea of a singular (唯一的) scientific method is unscientific. In fact, the methods of science have varied between disciplines and across time. Scientists have bitterly argued about which methods are the best, and, as we all know, bitter arguments rarely get resolved.
In my view, science is not simple, and neither is the natural world. Our efforts to understand and explain the natural world are just that: efforts.
Because we’re human, we often fall flat. The good news is that when that happens, we pick ourselves up, brush ourselves off, and get back to work. Understanding the world we live in, and using that knowledge to do useful things, is its own reward.
1．According to paragraph 1, what is considered as truth in science________.
A．may have lasting value B．may need re-examining
C．should be known to all D．should not be rejected
2．Why does the author mention “beauty” in paragraph 2
A．To raise a question. B．To make a prediction.
C．To illustrate an idea. D．To propose a solution.
3．What does the author think of the methods of science
A．They shouldn’t be used to fool the public.
B．They rely heavily on observation and description.
C．They seldom cause arguments among scientists.
D．They shouldn’t be limited to a single method.
4．What could be the best title for the passage
A．Efforts in Science: Dreaming Big. B．Science: Endless Journey to Truth.
C．Scientists: Defenders of Science. D．Scientific Method: Simple Choice.
押题2
词数 话题 体裁 考点 押题理由
354 发明创造不是一蹴而就的，而往往来自不断的试错过程 议论文 推理判断 科学研究类说明文是高考英语阅读理解中的重要题型之一，通常涉及科学发现、实验研究、技术应用、科学原理等主题。这类文章不仅考查学生的语言理解能力，还要求考生具备一定的科学素养和逻辑思维能力。
People often think that scientific discoveries come from the geniuses like Charles Darwin and Albert Einstein. Such a view overlooks the efforts of lesser-known pioneers. Also, popular belief holds that the sudden idea is the key to making scientific breakthroughs, as if it just appears in someone’s mind.
This opinion might be partially true. It doesn’t accurately represent the true nature of scientific breakthroughs. Apart from, the great figures such as Darwin and Einstein, whose contributions are rightly recognized — we believe innovation is largely a trial-and-error process, where two steps forward may sometimes come with one step back or even more steps to the right or left.
Take John Nicholson, a lesser-known scientist from the 1910s. He was a mathematical physicist who suggested the idea of ‘proto-elements’ in space. By mixing different weights of these atoms, he could recover the weights of the elements in the periodic table. Though proto-elements don’t actually exist, Nicholson’s wild ideas led him to propose a new theory about atomic structure. Niels Bohr, the Nobel prize-winning father of modern atomic theory, later built on this idea to develop his famous model of the atom.
What can we learn from this story Science is always evolving, similar to the evolution of animal species. Just random or unexpected changes of ideas may open the door for advances in science. Support for this idea can be seen in many areas. For example, in US horse racing, the ‘acey-deucy’ stirrup placement, where the rider’ s left foot is placed lower than the right foot, provides a speed advantage on oval tracks. It was created by a little-known rider named Jackie Westrope. Had Westrope done careful research to develop this technique No. He had a leg injury that prevented him from fully bending his left knee. This change just happened to improve his left-hand turning performance. As a result, many riders quickly adopted the acey-deucy style, which is still used in racing today.
Many other examples show science progress often comes from mistakes, accidents, or pure luck. It’s time to abandon the naive beliefs of genius and explore the true causes of creativity.
1．What is the purpose of paragraph 1
A．To support specific ideas.
B．To describe a common belief.
C．To compare certain beliefs.
D．To challenge a popular view.
2．What does the writer imply about Darwin and Einstein in paragraph 2
A．They set an example for others to follow.
B．Their way of working has been misunderstood.
C．They are exceptions to the usual rule.
D．Their achievements deserve greater recognition.
3．What do we know about the idea of Nicholson
A．It made him famous as an important scientist.
B．People only fully understood it later in history.
C．Other scientists were initially doubtful about it.
D．It paved the way for someone else’ s breakthrough.
4．What is most interesting about the ‘acey-deucy’ stirrup adjustment
A．Why it was made.
B．How quickly people used it.
C．The research work behind it.
D．The cleverness of its first user.
押题3
词数 话题 体裁 考点 押题理由
360 科学的本质是集体、不完美且多面的过程 议论文 推理判断、主旨大意 科学研究类说明文是高考英语阅读理解中的重要题型之一，通常涉及科学发现、实验研究、技术应用、科学原理等主题。这类文章不仅考查学生的语言理解能力，还要求考生具备一定的科学素养和逻辑思维能力。
A man in a lab coat bends under a dim light with tight eyes looking at a microscope. Time is short, the pays-off are high, and only this scientist can save everyone. That kind of romanticized picture of science was standard for a long time. But it’s far from the truth.
Some scientists search for the causes of some observable effects, such as the link between destroyed forests and Earth’s temperature increase. Others may investigate the “what” rather than the “why” of things. For example, ecologists build models to estimate gray wolf abundance in Montana, US. It’s impractical to spot them all and count them, Abundance models are not 100 percent accurate, but they offer estimates that seem good enough to set harvesting quotas (限额) and maintain the ecosystem.
Beyond the “what” and the “why”, scientists may focus on the “how”. For instance, the lives of people living with illnesses can be improved by research on how to relieve symptoms, even if the true causes of their disorders are largely unknown to current medicine.
People often think “real science” should provide definite, complete and perfect answers to their questions. However, given various limitations and the world’s complexity, keeping multiple perspectives in play is often the best way for scientists to reach their goals and solve the problems at hand.
In the world of science, disagreement is a feature, not a bug. Science is a social process in which the community’s scrutiny (审查) ensures we have the best available knowledge. “Best available” does not mean “definitive”, but the best we have until we find out how to improve it.
The long history of atomism (原子论) shows how science is a process rather than a fast delivery of results set in stone. As scientist Jean Baptiste Perrin conducted his 1908 experiments that seemingly settled all discussion regarding atoms, questions about the atom’s properties were about to spark decades of controversy with the birth of quantum (量子) physics. Similar discussions continue to the present day.
So, real science is a collective, imperfect and many-sided process in which scientists contribute multiple and often partial solutions to complex and diverse problems.
1．How does the author introduce the topic of the article
A．By presenting a typical misconception. B．By giving an example of scientific failure.
C．By describing a scientific research process. D．By telling a scientist’s personal experience.
2．What do Paragraph 2 and 3 mainly talk about
A．The history of scientific research.
B．The challenges faced by scientists.
C．The methods scientists use to share results.
D．The specific attention of scientists on their research.
3．What is the author’s view on disagreement in science
A．It inspires critical thinking.
B．It seeks universal standards.
C．It creates confusion and delays conclusions.
D．It indicates imperfection in research approaches.
4．What does the real scientific process emphasize
A．Complete and immediate solutions. B．Individual achievements and final results.
C．Diverse contributions and ongoing revisions. D．Definitive answers and complete certainty.
五、文化与艺术类
押题1
词数 话题 体裁 考点 押题理由
369 在全球化时代，理解并适应文化差异是促进国际合作与社会和谐的关键 议论文 推理判断、词句猜测、细节理解 文化与艺术类议论文是高考英语阅读理解中的重要题型之一，通常涉及文化传承、艺术价值、文化多样性、艺术与社会的关系等主题。这类文章不仅考查学生的语言理解能力，还要求考生具备一定的文化素养和对艺术话题的思辨能力。
In today’s interconnected world, cross-cultural communication has emerged as a vital skill for fostering international cooperation and social harmony. Britain, with its centuries-old history of absorbing diverse influences and its current multicultural landscape, serves as an ideal example of how tradition and modernity can coexist to bridge cultural gaps.
The roots of British cultural adaptability trace back to ancient times. When the Romans invaded Britain in 55 BC, they not only established management systems but also constructed public facilities such as roads and Hadrian’s Wall — a massive defensive structure marking the northern border of their empire. These innovations not only managed conflicts with Celtic tribe’s but also laid the foundation for future cultural exchanges. Today, this legacy of blending old and new remains evident. For instance, the British Parliament maintains strict dress codes requiring formal suits and robed (长袍) during sessions, symbolizing respect for tradition. Meanwhile, modern Britain embraced literary festivals and experimental theater productions, reflecting its dynamic engagement with contemporary artistic expression.
However, navigating cultural differences remains challenging. In international business settings, British professionals often prioritize building trust through indirect communication and tea-break small talk, while their American counterparts favor straightforward discussions to get straight to the point. Research by the London Business School (2022) reveals that 68 % of cross-Atlantic negotiations face delays due to these contrasting styled. Americans may interpret British politeness as in decision, whereas Britons perceive American directness as impersonal and overlay focused only on business deals.
Language differences further test cultural sensitivity. A simple phrase like “I’ll consider it” in British English often means a polite refusal, whereas Americans might take it literally as openness to further discussion. Even gestured differ: maintaining eye contact is seen as confident in the U. S. But may be viewed as aggressive in some British contexts.
To address these challenged, educational institutions play a key role. Universities like Oxford and Cambridge now offer courses such as “Global Communication Strategies,” where students role-play negotiation scene’s and analyze case studies of multinational corporations. Such training emphasized empathy, active listening, and adapting communication styled to diverse audiences. As globalization continued to erase borders, mastering these skills becomes not just beneficial but essential for building a more inclusive world.
1．What can be known about the purpose of the Romans building Hadrian’s Wall
A．To establish trade routed with Celtic tribes. B．To mark the southern border of the Roman Empire.
C．To showcase advanced architectural skills. D．To manage conflicts and control territory.
2．What can be inferred about British and American negotiation style from Paragraph 3
A．Their differences may lead to misunderstandings. B．They both value long-term relationships equally.
C．Americans prefer indirect communication. D．British negotiators focus on short-term gains.
3．What does the word “impersonal” mean in the context of American negotiators
A．Friendly and emotional. B．Aggressive and rude.
C．Emotionally distant and formal. D．Humorous and casual.
4．What might the author discuss next regarding cross-cultural communication training
A．The history of Roman education systems. B．Specific methods used in university coursed.
C．How technology replaces traditional teaching. D．Economic costs of cultural misunderstandings.
押题2
词数 话题 体裁 考点 押题理由
308 作者对艺术在生活中的重要性的看法 议论文 推理判断、细节理解 文化与艺术类议论文是高考英语阅读理解中的重要题型之一，通常涉及文化传承、艺术价值、文化多样性、艺术与社会的关系等主题。这类文章不仅考查学生的语言理解能力，还要求考生具备一定的文化素养和对艺术话题的思辨能力。
I'm an artist, always considering art and beauty as essential to life as daily bread. However, I didn't initially think much about how others perceived art. Over time, I noticed that many, even most people, regarded art as a luxury rather than a necessity.
My rudest awakening on this subject came during a visit to Britain. While exploring the countryside, I stopped at a small store that made its own cheese daily. The salesperson, a young woman with an air of expertise, was astonished by my ignorance of milk products. When I asked if they sold the cheese made that morning, she said with annoyance, “Don't you know nothing about cheese ” Suddenly and without thinking, I said, “No. Do you know anything about art ” Her reply “No. But that's not something you have to do with every day, and cheese is!” made me realize that for most people, art isn't a daily essential.
Despite this common view, I firmly believe art is as crucial as food. It's the expression of our individuality. We all share basic human qualities, feelings, and longings, but it's how we express them uniquely that defines art.
Throughout art history, while the subject matter of paintings may be similar, the true essence lies in the artist's unique style. Museums, which I once saw as the preserve of a few great artists, now seem to spotlight the universal truth of individual uniqueness. They remind us that expressing our originality is the core of art and life.
Art is everywhere in our daily lives. Whether we're cooking, arranging flowers, or conducting business, art is our unique voice, helping us resist the pressure to follow and preserve our individual beauty. As John Muir said, “Everybody needs beauty as well as bread.” Art is indeed a universal, individual, and fundamental truth, an essential part of our daily existence.
1．How did the author originally react to others' views on art
A．He felt curious. B．He paid little attention.
C．He was concerned. D．He was opposed to them.
2．What did the author learn during his visit to the British store
A．The beauty in cheese. B．The necessities in life.
C．Common opinion on art. D．The value of art in life.
3．Why does the author think art is crucial
A．It shapes one's personality. B．It's as common as daily bread.
C．It enriches people's lives. D．It's a way to show off oneself.
4．What does the text mainly convey to us
A．The significance of art in everyday life.
B．The author's long-term passion for art.
C．The difference between art and daily needs.
D．The history of art and the role of museums.
押题3
词数 话题 体裁 考点 押题理由
388 人工智能(AI)和机器人如Ai-Da对艺术定义和人类创造力的影响，以及AI在艺术领域的潜在作用和未来发展方向 议论文 推理判断、词义猜测、细节理解 文化与艺术类议论文是高考英语阅读理解中的重要题型之一，通常涉及文化传承、艺术价值、文化多样性、艺术与社会的关系等主题。这类文章不仅考查学生的语言理解能力，还要求考生具备一定的文化素养和对艺术话题的思辨能力。
In a drawing room in rural Oxfordshire, an artist slowly and deliberately puts pen to paper. Her arm moves across the canvas, the marks gradually integrating into a portrait of herself. It seems like a moment of creative expression. But this is no ordinary artist—she is the world’s first humanoid robot artist, Ai-Da. By design, her very existence brings into question how we define art, and who, or in this case, what, can create it.
Will AI algorithms (算法) and robots like Ai-Da mean the end of human creativity and artistry,or can they strengthen our own creative potential When Marcel Duchamp proposed that a urinal (小便池) be considered art, he flipped the art world on its head. In much the same way, AI-created artworks are changing the standards of the art world, because both were controversial and contain objects that haven’t technically been created by an “artist’s” hand.
Someone argues that a humanoid artist like Ai-Da represents society’s current fears — the rise of job-stealing AI algorithms and potential robot domination. But technological revolutions like artificial intelligence don’t necessarily mean the “end of art” as many fear. Instead, they can help to kickstart an artistic transformation and move us towards different ways of seeing and creating. “AI might kick us into being creative again as humans,” says mathematician du Sautoy, who sees it as a powerful partner in the pursuit of human creativity.
However, questions of authorship haunt the artificial intelligence story. Artists Holly Herndon and Mat Dryhurst co-founded Spawning AI, which aimed at empowering human creators to prohibit AI from using their works. But there are also artists who see AI as a new outlet for their own creativity. Some artists are now even training algorithms in an attempt to push their own creative boundaries.
It’s clear that AI algorithms and machines like Ai-Da are having an impact on the art world. Their works are exhibited alongside more traditional forms of art worldwide. Next year we’ll see the world’s first AI art gallery open its doors in LA．Eva J ger, the creative AI lead, is also helping to bring AI art to the masses, with a programme of exhibitions leading to critical discussion about the impact of technology on art. She sees the cooperation between human and machine as a space for real creative potential.
1．What does the phrase “flipped the art world on its head” in paragraph 2 probably mean
A．Overturned the art standards. B．Dominated the art world.
C．Broadened artists’ horizons. D．Recognized artists’ wisdom.
2．What influence will Ai-Da generate on the art world
A．It will increase the commercial value. B．It will replace human artists soon.
C．It may boost human creativity. D．It may help artists protect their works.
3．What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs
A．Spawning AI helps produce better art works. B．Some artists trained AI to work for them.
C．AI art gallery will win over more visitors. D．Eva looks favorably to the future of AI.
4．What’s the author’s purpose in writing the text
A．To argue that AI will eventually outperform human artists.
B．To explore the impact of AI on art definition and creativity.
C．To promote the idea that artworks created by AI lacks value.
D．To record the history of art movements and their significance.
六、社会生活类
押题1
词数 话题 体裁 考点 押题理由
324 梭罗的简单生活理念及其对现代生活的启示 议论文 推理判断、主旨大意、细节理解 社会生活类议论文是高考英语阅读理解中的常见题型之一，通常涉及社会现象、生活方式、人际关系、社会问题等主题。这类文章不仅考查学生的语言理解能力，还要求考生具备一定的社会观察能力和逻辑思维能力。
Most have probably heard of Henry David Thoreau and his book Walden, even though his message of simplicity may sound outdated. Nowadays, smartphones flood us with text messages. Many consumers are buying the latest digital devices, from tablets and fitness trackers to commercial drones. Simple living seems to be a thing of the past.
Thoreau would beg to differ. As a writer who advocated the value of simplicity almost two centuries ago, he was a contrarian (叛逆者) for his time. He lived during the height of the Industrial Age, distinguished by the rise of large factories, expanding urban developments, and powerful machines.
Turned off by the constant busyness of this time, Thoreau withdrew from city life to live alone in the woods. He brought with him only the necessities of life and wrote about this adventure in his book Walden. In the book, Thoreau is basically making a philosophical statement. We are not living meaningful lives due to modern technology. We created powerful machines to make life more convenient. Unfortunately, these machines have done the opposite. In his words, “men have become the tools of their tools”.
That is to say, we are not the ones controlling technology. Technology is controlling us. Every few minutes, smartphones may distract us with messages. At least half of Americans check their phones several times an hour. Meanwhile, information overload from social media can weaken our concentration and heighten confusion.
When technology causes that much distraction and confusion, it may be healthy to simplify life by reducing technology overuse. Personally, I’ve done so in two ways. First, I use very little data on my phone and keep the apps on it to a minimum. Most time, I only use my phone to call or text. Second, I quit most social media. Sure, those two things aren’t as extreme as Thoreau withdrawing into the woods. Nevertheless, they’re realistic moves I can make toward living a more meaningful life.
1．Why does the author refer to Thoreau’s book Walden in Paragraph1
A．To tell the characters of Thoreau. B．To attract more consumers.
C．To bring in the concept of simple life. D．To discuss the advantage of smartphones.
2．What might drive Thoreau to live in the woods
A．The purpose to keep fit. B．His plan of writing a book.
C．The pace of his time. D．His worry about technology.
3．What is the author’s attitude to Thoreau’s words “men have become the tools of their tools”
A．Tolerant. B．Doubtful. C．Approving. D．Critical.
4．What is the author’s main argument in this text
A．Modern technology improves our lives. B．Simplicity in a way helps live a meaningful life.
C．We should withdraw from modern society. D．Powerful machines are necessary for progress.
押题2
词数 话题 体裁 考点 押题理由
325 现代社会中人们普遍存在的过度忙碌和“多任务处理”现象，以及这种生活方式对个人创造力和工作效率的负面影响 议论文 推理判断、细节理解 社会生活类议论文是高考英语阅读理解中的常见题型之一，通常涉及社会现象、生活方式、人际关系、社会问题等主题。这类文章不仅考查学生的语言理解能力，还要求考生具备一定的社会观察能力和逻辑思维能力。
For too long, we’ve been living on the edge of burnout, with to-do lists growing longer, calendars full, and deadlines that seem never-ending. It’s not a secret that busyness has been worn like a mark of honor, while moments of down time are seen as unproductive. But if there’s no time to breathe or room to think, how are we able to come up with new ideas, let alone carry them out
I didn’t realize how deep-rooted this lifestyle had become for me until I stepped into self-employment in 2023. Balancing busy periods with quieter ones unexpectedly brought anxiety and self-judgment instead of the anticipated relief to pause and reflect. However, the tide is turning in the world of work: there’s a growing pushback against non-stop demands, and increased awareness about the benefits — including improved concentration, creativity and job satisfaction-of doing one thing at a time.
According to Marc Zao-Sanders, author of Timeboxing, multitasking is the attempt to attend to two things at once, for example firing off a few emails while sitting in a meeting. The pity here is that you may end up doing a poor job of both, and enjoy neither. But it’s actually a little more complex than this. If one of the tasks is familiar to you and doesn’t demand too much of you cognitively (认知地), it may well be that you can take on a second task at the same time. The main issue is thinking you can do both at once for those tasks where you can’t. This is both unproductive and can easily feel frustrated.
The phrase “multitasking” has been adopted by all sorts of typically high-achieving people and a mark of status. But our brains cannot complete tasks at the same time. They are completed in a sequence. Multitasking is tiring us out more quickly and making us less efficient. So, let’s bid farewell to the era of handling a hundred things at once.
1．What’s people’s common view to busyness
A．It is a way to generate new ideas.
B．It shows that people are less productive.
C．It reflects people’s poor time-management.
D．It is a symbol of efficiency and excellence.
2．How does the author feel after she became self-employed
A．Relaxed. B．Panicked. C．Uneasy. D．Stress-free.
3．What can we learn about multitasking from paragraph 3
A．It can reduce our productivity. B．It can weaken our cognitive ability.
C．It makes us creative and concentrated. D．It is essential in today’s fast-pace world.
4．What does the author suggest in the passage
A．Following high-achieving people. B．Working one task at a time.
C．Raising the efficiency of multitasking. D．Challenging our brain capacity.
押题3
词数 话题 体裁 考点 押题理由
366 赞美他人的重要性、有效赞美的标准及方式 议论文 推理判断、主旨大意 社会生活类议论文是高考英语阅读理解中的常见题型之一，通常涉及社会现象、生活方式、人际关系、社会问题等主题。这类文章不仅考查学生的语言理解能力，还要求考生具备一定的社会观察能力和逻辑思维能力。
Important as giving and taking criticism is for getting along with others, one skill does outperform it: the ability to give compliments (赞美). However, giving compliments is no straightforward matter and requires skills and knowledge. Done well, words of praise can be a comforting balm for human relations. But done poorly; compliments can be ineffective. even destructive.
Whether the compliment is effective in uplifting the other person depends on whether it is believable,appropriate, and qualified. If you tell me my hair looks good, I will dismiss it and suspect your motives,because I am hairless. Even if a compliment agrees with one’s self-conception, it must meet three criteria to be accepted by its object. The praise must come from a person with credibility to give it, it must be sincere and unscripted, and it must occur in the appropriate context.
Consider, for example, how you’d respond to a flattering compliment from a salesperson you’d never met about how smart and discriminating you are when you’re leaning toward a particular purchase. You’d probably find that kind of compliment off-putting, because the person doesn’t know you well enough to judge your true qualities and is simply buttering you up to make a sale. The compliment fails on all three counts: the praiser lacks credibility, their sincerity is suspicious, and your willingness to spend money in a store is not a meaningful context for grading your intelligence.
Given all of this, it might sound as though giving a compliment that can be accepted and beneficial is difficult and fraught. My idea is: Moving beyond other people’s appearance and performance. One quality people rarely compliment — but should — is what the psychologist Rhett Diessner calls“moral beauty,” a characteristic that is reflected in acts of charity, kindness, sympathy, forgiveness, courage, or self-sacrifice.Diessner finds that witnessing such beauty brings moral elevation, which is experienced as“pleasant feelings of warmth in the chest, feeling uplifted, moved,” which in turns leads to being more “optimistic about humanity.” In a complicated and conflict-filled world, saying“Nice tie!” or“Good job!” is fine. But making a habit of recognizing and complimenting true acts of love and kindness can help us all get more of the uplift we need.
1．What can we learn from the first paragraph
A．Giving compliments is not as important as giving and taking criticism.
B．The impact of giving compliments is often straightforward and fixed.
C．Compliments can be ineffective or even destructive when you are poor.
D．The importance of giving compliments can never be overemphasized.
2．According to Paragraph 2, what will the author agree with about compliments
A．It is always challenging to deliver sincere compliments.
B．Dishonest people are unqualified te give compliments.
C．Various factors impact the effectiveness of compliments.
D．Credible compliments should be well prepared beforehand.
3．What point does the author illustrate by mentioning a salesperson’s compliment
A．Salespeople are not good at giving sincere compliments.
B．Compliments given in a sales context are always believable.
C．A compliment must meet certain criteria to be accepted.
D．People should avoid believing compliments from a salesperson.
4．What might be the best title for the passage
A．The Art and Science of Giving Effective Compliments
B．The Psychology behind Receiving Compliments Positively
C．The Effect of Compliments on Human Relationships
D．The Challenges and Rewards of Recognizing Moral Beauty
七、思辨类
押题1
词数 话题 体裁 考点 押题理由
346 文章对“失败是成功之母”这一常见观点提出了质疑 议论文 推理判断、词句猜测、主旨大意 思辨类议论文是高考英语阅读理解中的高难度题型之一，通常涉及哲学、伦理、社会争议等深层次主题。这类文章不仅考查学生的语言理解能力，还要求考生具备较强的逻辑思维能力、批判性思维能力和对抽象概念的理解能力。
Winston Churchill once said, “Success consists of going from failure to failure without loss of enthusiasm.” It’s one of countless platitudes claiming that failure leads to success. But there’s strong evidence that such a concept is wrongheaded and can lead to terrible real-world consequences, researchers said in a new report.
In fact, many people do not learn from their failures, and it’s stupid to expect otherwise, according to findings published June 10 in the Journal of Experimental Psychology: General.
“People often confuse what is with what ought to be,” lead researcher Lauren Eskreis-Winkler, an assistant professor of management and organizations at Northwestern University, said in a news release. “People ought to pay attention and learn from failure, but often they don’t because failure is demotivating and self-threatening.”
A series of 11 experiments involving more than 1,800 participants found that people often don’t gain wisdom from failure, and that expecting them to do so can have potentially terrible consequences: People vastly overestimated the percentage of prospective nurses, lawyers and teachers who pass licensing exams after previously failing them. Nurses tended to overestimate how much colleagues would learn from a past error. People assumed that heart patients would embrace a healthier lifestyle, when many don’t.
“People expect success to follow failure much more often than it actually does,” Eskreis-Winkler said. “People usually assume that past behavior predicts future behavior, so it’s surprising that we often believe the opposite when it comes to succeeding after failure.”
Telling people they will succeed after failure might reduce the pain of a failure, but that way of thinking won’t naturally turn into people learning a lesson, researchers said. On the other hand, people can adjust their expectations of others when given more information about how little failure actually brings good results. Experiments found people were more in favor of taxpayer money being used for recovery and drug treatment programs when they learned about the low rates of success for people using those programs.
“Correcting our wrong beliefs about failure could help move taxpayer dollars from punishment to recovery and improvement,” Eskreis-Winkler said.
1．What does the underlined word “platitudes” in Paragrah1 probably mean
A．Worn-out sayings. B．Confirmed principles.
C．Convincing examples. D．Common statements.
2．What will assuming success after failure bring about
A．Higher success rate. B．No repetition of mistakes.
C．Varied negative emotions. D．Overoptimism about results.
3．Which of the following cases will the author approve of
A．Being passive about an intense relationship.
B．Lowering expectations of smokers after quit-failures.
C．Convincing the students a test failure is unimportant.
D．Expecting employees to learn more from work failure.
4．What would be the best title of the text
A．Braving Failures For Success B．Tracking Failure-Success Interplay
C．Failures’ Benefits Might Be Overrated D．Success Goes Hand In Hand With Failure
押题2
词数 话题 体裁 考点 押题理由
362 通过比较历史和现代的工作观念，探讨了为何现代人尽管有各种劳动力节省设备，但依然感觉非常忙碌 议论文 推理判断、词句猜测、细节理解 思辨类议论文是高考英语阅读理解中的高难度题型之一，通常涉及哲学、伦理、社会争议等深层次主题。这类文章不仅考查学生的语言理解能力，还要求考生具备较强的逻辑思维能力、批判性思维能力和对抽象概念的理解能力。
It’s no secret that people feel like they are getting busier.
Yet, are we really crazy busy Work undertaken at the University College London’s Centre for Time Use Research boldly claims that we are less, not more, busy over the past half century. How can that be
Consider this: Modern inventions like the dishwasher, the washer and dryer, the microwave and any number of other labor-saving devices, have fundamentally diminished the time needed for household chores. And “work hours per week declined for a century,” writes Kyle Kowalski, a best-selling author, who investigates in his book the reason we feel busy in such a convenient society.
It isn’t just the reality of how we spend our time that has shifted, either. Culturally, how we define “busy” has also changed considerably.
Historically, working long hours didn’t generate admiration. In ancient Rome, otium, the Latin word signifying freedom from work and leisure time, was a dear activity to the wealthy who could happily afford not to work for a living.
What a difference a few decades makes! Elon Musk, the wealthiest person on the planet, portrays himself as a workaholic, working 80 to 100 hours per week. Celebrities brag about their busyness and crazy work schedules on social media. Recent data from the U. S Census Bureau also suggests that the highest earners work the longest hours.
Part of this monumental shift is down to the gradual rise of knowledge-intensive economies. Labor markets are increasingly highly structured and competitive, where human capital is one of the most prized economic assets. On the supply side, workers invest heavily in their education and skill development, recognizing that their human capital is their most marketable resource. On the demand side, companies, institutions, and headhunters compete to attract top talent and the best brains. All of this has helped usher in an environment where long work hours have become a status symbol; a way for individuals to demonstrate their worth.
As Generative Artificial Intelligence enhances our productivity and 猜押 阅读理解议论文
猜押考点 3年真题 词数和体裁 话题 考情分析 押题依据
阅读理解议论文 2024年新高考Ⅰ卷阅读C篇 343议论文 讨论了纸质阅读与数字阅读、音频和视频学习方式的差异和效果 议论文是英语中的重要文体，在阅读理解中占有一定的比例。 议论文就是说理性的文章，一般由论点、论据和论证过程组成。议论文都要提出论题、观点、提供充分的证据，使用一定的逻辑方法证明观点或得出结论。 高考英语阅读理解中的议论文通常涉及社会、文化、教育、科技、环境等领域的争议性或热点话题。这类文章旨在考查学生的阅读理解能力、逻辑思维能力以及对作者观点和态度的把握。
2024年全国甲卷阅读D篇 343议论文 通过作者与教授关于小说结局的讨论引发了对结局的思考，接着阐述了不同类型的文学作品结局的特点
2023年全国乙卷D篇 289议论文 论述了世人对天才的狭隘定义
押题预测目录
一、思想哲理类 二、人工智能类 (批判性思维) 三、心理学类 四、科学研究类 五、文化与艺术类 六、社会生活类 七、思辨类 八、教育类
一、思想哲理类
押题1
词数 话题 体裁 考点 押题理由
347 失败的心理痛苦如何能够激励个人在缺乏熟练度的活动中变得更好 议论文 细节理解、主旨要义。 思想哲理类议论文是高考英语阅读理解中的重要题型之一，通常涉及人生哲理、价值观、道德观、成功与失败等深层次的主题。这类文章不仅考查学生的语言理解能力，还要求考生具备一定的思辨能力和对抽象概念的理解能力。
The mental pain of failure can stimulate you to become better at the activity in which you lack proficiency-if you can consider the unpleasant experience as an indicator of personal growth. This is what researchers found when they conducted a field experiment at an improvisation (即兴表演) club. One group of amateur improvisers was instructed to actively seek the feeling of awkwardness. The scholars found that, compared with improvisers who were not given this instruction, the first group was more engaged in the exercise. Instead of seeing the discomfort as something to avoid, they saw it as central to the process and leaned into it.
This has effects on how to improve ordinary life. You can put failure to good use in many other areas of life. If you’re a student, take a class far outside your area of skills and interests, knowing that the struggle to cope with a very novel challenge may improve studying what you do like. Enjoy the difficulty of it and analyze the mistakes you make—and you will almost certainly find that you're doing even better at your preferred subject.
Employers can apply these principles as well. I like the “75/25 rule,” according to which employees spend three-quarters of their time on their assigned task and one quarter helping others outside their area. The short-term cost of this is friction as people struggle with novelty and difficulty-and bosses should take care not to make this worse by being punitive or overly critical. But I have seen the long-term benefit of better motivation in the core assignment, as well as a better flow of information and distribution of new skills across different activities within an enterprise.
The embrace-failure principle can even be applied to happiness itself. None of us wants to be unhappy. But inviting sources of unhappiness into life can be extremely beneficial. Resolve not to be afraid of fear, anger, or sadness. They are normal and natural parts of life, after all. And if you let them, they will help you savor (享受) the joys of life all the more.
1．What did the experiment at the improvisation club find
A．Avoiding awkwardness improved improvisers’ creativity.
B．Actively embracing awkwardness increased engagement.
C．Professional improvisers performed better than amateurs.
D．Discomfort negatively impacted participants’ motivation.
2．Why does the author advise students to take unfamiliar classes
A．To reduce their academic pressure.
B．To increase their studying interests.
C．To avoid errors in their preferred field.
D．To indirectly strengthen their major subjects.
3．What is the long-term effect of the “75/25 rule”
A．Employees are more motivated and multi-skilled.
B．Competitions among colleagues get more intense.
C．New and difficult assignments become effortless.
D．Conflicts in workplace disappear completely.
4．Which is the best title of the text
A．The Different Ways to Avoid Failure.
B．The Advice on How to Seek Happiness.
C．The Benefits of Doing Things You’re Bad at.
D．The Reasons Why You’re in Negative Moods.
【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．C
【解析】本文是议论文。主要讨论了失败的心理痛苦如何能够激励个人在缺乏熟练度的活动中变得更好，并提出了如何应用这一原则来改善日常生活、工作场所乃至追求幸福。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段“The mental pain of failure can stimulate you to become better at the activity in which you lack proficiency-if you can consider the unpleasant experience as an indicator of personal growth. This is what researchers found when they conducted a field experiment at an improvisation (即兴表演) club. One group of amateur improvisers was instructed to actively seek the feeling of awkwardness. The scholars found that, compared with improvisers who were not given this instruction, the first group was more engaged in the exercise. Instead of seeing the discomfort as something to avoid, they saw it as central to the process and leaned into it.(如果你能把不愉快的经历视为个人成长的一个指标，那么失败带来的精神痛苦可以刺激你在你不熟练的活动中变得更好。这是研究人员在一个即兴表演俱乐部进行现场实验时发现的。一组业余即兴表演者被要求积极寻找尴尬的感觉。学者们发现，与没有得到这种指导的即兴表演者相比，第一组人更投入到练习中。他们没有把不舒服看作是要避免的事情，而是把它看作是过程的核心，并倾向于它)”可知，即兴表演俱乐部的实验发现了积极地接受尴尬会增加参与度。故选B项。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段“If you’re a student, take a class far outside your area of skills and interests, knowing that the struggle to cope with a very novel challenge may improve studying what you do like. Enjoy the difficulty of it and analyze the mistakes you make—and you will almost certainly find that you're doing even better at your preferred subject.(如果你是一名学生，参加一门与你的技能和兴趣领域相去甚远的课程，要知道努力应对一个非常新奇的挑战可能会促进你学习自己喜欢的东西。享受它的难度，分析你犯的错误——你几乎肯定会发现你在你喜欢的科目上做得更好)”可知，作者建议学生选修不熟悉的课程，因为可以间接加强他们的主要科目。故选D项。
3．细节理解题。根据第三段“I like the “75/25 rule,” according to which employees spend three-quarters of their time on their assigned task and one quarter helping others outside their area. The short-term cost of this is friction as people struggle with novelty and difficulty-and bosses should take care not to make this worse by being punitive or overly critical. But I have seen the long-term benefit of better motivation in the core assignment, as well as a better flow of information and distribution of new skills across different activities within an enterprise.(我喜欢“75/25规则”，根据该规则，员工将四分之三的时间花在分配给他们的任务上，四分之一的时间用来帮助他们领域之外的其他人。这样做的短期成本是摩擦，因为人们在与新鲜事物和困难作斗争——老板们应该小心，不要因为惩罚或过度批评而使情况变得更糟。但是，我已经看到了在核心任务中更好的激励，以及在企业内不同活动中更好的信息流和新技能分配的长期好处)”可知，“75/25规则”的长期影响是员工更有动力，技能也更丰富。故选A项。
4．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“The embrace-failure principle can even be applied to happiness itself. None of us wants to be unhappy. But inviting sources of unhappiness into life can be extremely beneficial. Resolve not to be afraid of fear, anger, or sadness. They are normal and natural parts of life, after all. And if you let them, they will help you savor (享受) the joys of life all the more.(拥抱失败的原则甚至可以应用于幸福本身。没有人想要不快乐。但是把不快乐的来源引入生活是非常有益的。下定决心不要害怕恐惧、愤怒或悲伤。毕竟，它们是生活中正常而自然的一部分。如果你让他们这样做，他们会帮助你更好地享受生活的乐趣)”以及纵观全文可知，本文主要讲述了失败的心理痛苦如何能够激励个人在缺乏熟练度的活动中变得更好，所以C项“做你不擅长的事情的好处”是本文最好的标题。故选C项。
押题2
词数 话题 体裁 考点 押题理由
339 培养成长型思维模式更有益，要正视事情带来的感受，认识到无法掌控一切，努力提升应对意外挑战的能力 议论文 推理判断、主旨要义。 思想哲理类议论文是高考英语阅读理解中的重要题型之一，通常涉及人生哲理、价值观、道德观、成功与失败等深层次的主题。这类文章不仅考查学生的语言理解能力，还要求考生具备一定的思辨能力和对抽象概念的理解能力。
What if everything happens for a reason Burnt toast theory, a modern view on this classic idea, suggests that every little inconvenience we experience in our day-to-day lives happens for a bigger reason.
Imagine you accidentally burn your toast before leaving for work. According to burnt toast theory, this tiny inconvenience can cause a domino effect (多米诺效应). Your morning gets delayed by three to five minutes—just enough time to leave the house later than usual and avoid a potential car accident. Or perhaps you catch a later train, missing an awkward encounter with someone you don’t intend to see. You might even meet someone new whom you wouldn’t have otherwise met, leading to a friendship or romantic connection.
When we feel like things are outside our control, that can be scary. The burnt toast theory can help some people let go of their need for control and take negative situations more positively.
However, while maintaining a positive mindset can be beneficial, over-optimism can lead to “poisonous positivity”. When we only allow ourselves to focus on positive thoughts, we are denying ourselves the chance to properly deal with challenges and difficult situations to better ourselves, focusing on creating a false positive fa ade (假象) instead. By constantly avoiding negative experiences, we might ignore their real impact on us and fail to acknowledge when we’re struggling. It can make us feel worse about ourselves, and may lead to pushing down negative feelings or experiences, and refusing to acknowledge or deal with them fully.
Instead of focusing purely on positive thinking, working towards developing a growth mindset may be more helpful. You don’t always have to look for life’s silver linings, or even the meaning behind a little burnt toast. Sometimes things happen, and they suck. But as long as we take time to acknowledge how these things make us feel, and recognize that we can’t always control everything around us, we can still work towards improving ourselves, and how we handle life’s unexpected challenges—and that’s what really matters.
1．What can be inferred from the burnt toast theory
A．Life is a process, not destination. B．Lost in the east, gained in the west.
C．Life is full of endless challenges. D．Lost time will never be found again.
2．Which can be an outcome from “poisonous positivity”
A．Loss of chances to grow. B．Failure to acknowledge others.
C．Inability to control emotions. D．Decline in physical health.
3．Which can be seen as a growth mindset mentioned in the last paragraph
A．Finding reasons for failure.
B．Avoiding pushing others too hard.
C．Accepting life and making it better.
D．Keeping a positive mindset and working hard.
4．Which is the best possible title for the text
A．Bum Toast Theory: Find a True Self
B．Bum Toast Theory: Lead a Positive Life
C．Burn Toast Theory: More than Positivity
D．Burn Toast Theory: How to Live Actively
【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．C
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了烤焦面包理论及其相关思考，指出相较于单纯积极思考，培养成长型思维模式更有益，要正视事情带来的感受，认识到无法掌控一切，努力提升应对意外挑战的能力。
1．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Imagine you accidentally burn your toast before leaving for work. According to burnt toast theory, this tiny inconvenience can cause a domino effect(多米诺效应). Your morning gets delayed by three to five minutes—just enough time to leave the house later than usual and avoid a potential car accident. Or perhaps you catch a later train, missing an awkward encounter with someone you don’t intend to see. You might even meet someone new whom you wouldn’t have otherwise met, leading to a friendship or romantic connection.(想象一下，在你上班前不小心把面包烤焦了。根据烤焦面包理论，这个小小的不便可能会引发多米诺效应。你的早晨会因此延迟三到五分钟——而这恰好让你比平常晚些出门，从而避开了一场可能发生的车祸。又或者，你会搭乘晚一班的火车，错过与某个你不想见到的人的尴尬碰面。你甚至可能会结识一个原本不会认识的新朋友，进而发展出一段友谊或浪漫的关系。)”可知，根据烤焦面包理论，比如不小心烤焦面包这种看似不好的小事情，可能会引发一系列连锁反应，带来意想不到的好结果，像避开一场潜在的车祸、错过不想见的人或者结识新朋友等。这体现了“失之东隅，收之桑榆”的道理，即虽然在一方面有所损失，却在另一方面有所收获。故选B。
2．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“When we only allow ourselves to focus on positive thoughts, we are denying ourselves the chance to properly deal with challenges and difficult situations to better ourselves, focusing on creating a false positive facade(假象)instead. By constantly avoiding negative experiences, we might ignore their real impact on us and fail to acknowledge when we’re struggling. It can make us feel worse about ourselves, and may lead to pushing down negative feelings or experiences, and refusing to acknowledge or deal with them fully.(当我们只允许自己关注积极的想法时，我们其实是在剥夺自己妥善应对挑战和困境、让自己变得更好的机会，取而代之的是专注于营造一种虚假的积极表象。通过不断地回避负面经历，我们可能会忽视它们对我们产生的真正影响，并且在自己陷入挣扎时也无法察觉。这会让我们对自己感觉更糟糕，还可能导致我们压抑负面情绪或经历，拒绝全面地认识和处理它们。)”可知，当陷入“有毒的积极心态”时，我们只关注积极想法，会剥夺自己妥善应对挑战和困境、让自己变得更好的机会，专注于营造一种虚假的积极表象。由此可知，“有毒的积极心态”可能导致的结果是失去成长的机会。故选A。
3．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Instead of focusing purely on positive thinking, working towards developing a growth mindset may be more helpful. You don’t always have to look for life’s silver linings, or even the meaning behind a little burnt toast. Sometimes things happen, and they suck. But as long as we take time to acknowledge how these things make us feel, and recognize that we can’t always control everything around us, we can still work towards improving ourselves, and how we handle life’s unexpected challenges—and that’s what really matters.(与其单纯地专注于积极思考，努力培养一种成长型思维模式或许会更有帮助。你并非总是需要去寻找生活中的一线希望，甚至是一片烤焦面包背后的意义。有时候事情就是发生了，而且很糟糕。但只要我们花时间去正视这些事情给我们带来的感受，并且认识到我们无法总是掌控身边的一切，我们仍然能够努力提升自己，改进我们应对生活中意外挑战的方式——而这才是真正重要的。)”可知，培养成长型思维模式不是单纯地专注于积极思考，不必总是去寻找生活中的积极面，当事情糟糕时，我们要正视这些事情带给我们的感受，认识到我们无法控制周围的一切，并且努力提升自己以及处理生活中意外挑战的能力。由此可知，最后一段提到的成长型思维模式的是接受生活并让它变得更好。故选C。
4．主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知，文章开篇引入烤焦面包理论，即生活中的小不便背后有更大原因，接着阐述该理论能帮助人们以更积极的态度看待负面情况，随后指出过度乐观导致的 “有毒的积极心态” 的危害，强调不能单纯专注于积极思考，最后提出培养成长型思维模式更有益，要正视生活中的各种情况并努力提升应对能力。选项C“Burn Toast Theory: More than Positivity(烤焦面包理论：不仅仅是积极心态)”既包含了烤焦面包理论能带来积极看待事情的一面，又指出了不能仅仅局限于积极心态，还需要应对生活中的各种情况，培养成长型思维，全面地概括了文章的主旨。故选C。
押题3
词数 话题 体裁 考点 押题理由
362 反思性思考在追求个人幸福和成功方面的作用及其局限性 议论文 细节理解、主旨要义、词句猜测、推理判断。 思想哲理类议论文是高考英语阅读理解中的重要题型之一，通常涉及人生哲理、价值观、道德观、成功与失败等深层次的主题。这类文章不仅考查学生的语言理解能力，还要求考生具备一定的思辨能力和对抽象概念的理解能力。
Socrates declared that the unexamined life wasn’t worth living for a human being, implying that we should attempt to know ourselves, to think through our actions, choices, prejudices and attitudes. But when it comes to thinking about our own happiness and what makes our lives go well, it really does seem that this reflective attitude can ruin our chances of finding what we seek.
Perhaps it’s not surprising that we are better designed for engaging in other activities than reflecting on how best to achieve our own happiness and well-being. Doing things that enhance our growth in physical, social and intellectual areas tends to bring the reward of feeling good, and so stimulates us further to pursue those activities. Sitting around reflecting on what will make us happy is a lot less efficient than chasing the things that make us happy, and if we think too much, there is an opportunity cost - time that we could have spent in a worthwhile activity has gone while we were thinking deeply about the best way to develop.
The philosopher David has written about the role of reflective thinking in sports. One of his observations is that while sports people need to think about the basic actions they are performing, it can be counterproductive to start thinking about the elements making up those actions. A footballer needs to think about kicking the ball low and hard to the left of the goalkeeper, but not to overthink the mechanics of the precise small movements of legs and feet that produce that outcome. If he or she does start this sort of thought process, it very often leads to a poorer shot. What’s needed is a kind of automatic response to the situation.
Perhaps something similar is going on in our life. Those people who start detailed programs of self-development in various dimensions, focusing on diet, habits, exercise, mental activity, work output, and so on, are like the footballer thinking through the small muscle movements. Perhaps their well-meaning self-reflection on their own development and how they want to achieve it, is the very thing that will make a high level of development forever unobtainable for them.
1．What may cause an opportunity cost
A．Spending time on worthy activities.
B．Joining in social meetings actively.
C．Getting stuck in much self-reflection.
D．Doing physical exercises efficiently.
2．What does the underlined word “counterproductive” in Paragraph 3 probably mean
A．Ineffective. B．Meaningless. C．Constructive. D．Profitable.
3．What does the author suggest readers do to achieve their goals
A．Make a comprehensive plan. B．Adopt a direct approach.
C．Think carefully before action. D．Attach importance to details.
4．What is a suitable title for this text
A．The Risk of Overthinking B．The Key to Well-being
C．The Way to Think Reflectively D．The Method to Develop Yourself
【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．A
【解析】本文是议论文。文章主要讨论了反思性思考在追求个人幸福和成功方面的作用及其局限性。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Sitting around reflecting on what will make us happy is a lot less efficient than chasing the things that make us happy, and if we think too much, there is an opportunity cost - time that we could have spent in a worthwhile activity has gone while we were thinking deeply about the best way to develop. (坐下来思考什么能让我们快乐比追求让我们快乐的事情效率低得多，如果我们想得太多，就会有机会成本——我们本可以花在有价值的活动上的时间，却在我们深入思考发展的最佳方式时浪费了。)”可知，陷入过多的自我反省可能导致机会成本。故选C项。
2．词句猜测题。根据后文“A footballer needs to think about kicking the ball low and hard to the left of the goalkeeper, but not to overthink the mechanics of the precise small movements of legs and feet that produce that outcome. If he or she does start this sort of thought process, it very often leads to a poorer shot. (一名足球运动员需要考虑把球踢得又低又猛，踢到守门员的左边，但不要过多地考虑腿部和脚部精确的微小运动所产生的效果。如果他或她确实开始了这种思维过程，那通常会导致射球不佳。)”可知，如果运动员过多地考虑腿部和脚部精确的微小运动所产生的效果，会产生反效果，推知counterproductive应是“产生相反效果”之意，和A项意思相近。故选A项。
3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Perhaps something similar is going on in our life. Those people who start detailed programs of self-development in various dimensions, focusing on diet, habits, exercise, mental activity, work output, and so on, are like the footballer thinking through the small muscle movements. Perhaps their well-meaning self-reflection on their own development and how they want to achieve it, is the very thing that will make a high level of development forever unobtainable for them. (也许类似的事情正在我们的生活中发生。那些在饮食、习惯、运动、心理活动、工作输出等各个方面开始详细的自我发展计划的人，就像足球运动员通过小肌肉运动思考问题一样。也许他们对自身发展和如何实现发展的善意反思，正是使他们永远无法获得高水平发展的原因。)”可推知，作者建议读者采用直接的方法来实现他们的目标。故选B项。
4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Socrates declared that the unexamined life wasn’t worth living for a human being, implying that we should attempt to know ourselves, to think through our actions, choices, prejudices and attitudes. But when it comes to thinking about our own happiness and what makes our lives go well, it really does seem that this reflective attitude can ruin our chances of finding what we seek. (苏格拉底宣称，未经检验的生活不值得一个人活下去，这意味着我们应该尝试了解自己，通过我们的行为、选择、偏见和态度来思考。但是，当我们思考自己的幸福以及是什么让我们的生活变得美好时，这种反思的态度似乎真的会破坏我们找到我们所寻求的东西的机会。)”可知，本文主要讲述过度思考的风险，所以A项“过度思考的风险”是本文最好的标题。故选A项。
二、人工智能类 (批判性思维)
押题1
词数 话题 体裁 考点 押题理由
345 AI 使人类认知面临过时风险，引发对人类地位和未来的担忧 议论文 推理判断 人工智能是当前科技领域的热门话题，也是高考英语阅读理解中的高频主题之一。这类文章通常涉及人工智能的发展、应用、影响及其引发的伦理和社会问题。
Since the dawn of human history, innovation has been a balancing act of wonder and fear. From the discovery of fire to the first flights of airplanes, each technological breakthrough has promised to enhance human abilities while simultaneously (同时) causing risks. Fire could warm us or destroy us; airplanes could connect us or be turned into tools of war. Yet through all these advancements, one constant has remained: human cognition (认知) , the unique spark of thought and creativity that has shaped our progress.
But today, something is different. For the first time in history, human cognition itself is at risk of being out-of-date. With the rise of artificial intelligence (AI), we are no longer just building tools to enhance our abilities; we are building systems that may be superior to our very capacity to think, create, and innovate. This shift doesn’t just completely change industries, but it also challenges the core of what makes us human.
In past innovations, technologies functioned as extensions of human abilities. The airplanes enlarged our physical reach, the Internet expanded our access to information, and computers increased our ability to compute. These tools were clearly under human control, operating within the boundaries we set.
However, AI is fundamentally different. It operates in the range of cognition, not merely conducting tasks, but also learning, reasoning, and even generating creative content. From writing news articles to diagnosing diseases, AI systems are performing tasks once thought to require uniquely human judgment. What happens when machines can think better than we can And, more importantly, what does it mean to be human in an age when our intellectual strength is no longer guaranteed
Historically, we’ve accepted obsolescence (过时) as part of the cycle of innovation and, in most situations, embraced it. Outdated tools should be abandoned, and new ones take their place. But when the “tool” at risk of obsolescence is human cognition itself, we enter unknown area. AI’s capacity to potentially outdo our intellectual talents puts humanity in a weak position, one where we must confront our own limitations.
1．What can we infer from the first paragraph
A．One good turn deserves another. B．Take things as they come.
C．Don’t put the cart before the horse. D．Every coin has two sides.
2．What does the author mean by saying “But today, something is different” in paragraph 2
A．Human cognition starts to be outdated. B．Wonder and fear have lost balance.
C．Human cognition has reached a ceiling. D．Creativity has shaped our progress.
3．How is the main idea presented in the text
A．By telling stories. B．By analyzing causes.
C．By giving examples. D．By applying inferences.
4．What is the author’s attitude towards the rise of artificial intelligence
A．Concerned. B．Skeptical. C．Positive. D．Unclear.
【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．A
【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章指出历史上技术突破利弊共存，如今 AI 使人类认知面临过时风险，引发对人类地位和未来的担忧。
1．推理判断题。根据第一段“From the discovery of fire to the first flights of airplanes, each technological breakthrough has promised to enhance human abilities while simultaneously causing risks. Fire could warm us or destroy us; airplanes could connect us or be turned into tools of war. (从火的发现到飞机的首次飞行，每一项技术突破都在承诺提升人类能力的同时带来了风险。火可以温暖我们，也可以毁灭我们；飞机可以让我们彼此相连，也可以变成战争工具。)”可知，技术突破既有积极的一面，也有消极的一面，这体现了事物都有两面性。故选D项。
2．推理判断题。根据第二段“For the first time in history, human cognition itself is at risk of being out-of-date. (历史上第一次，人类认知本身面临过时的风险。)” 可知，作者说“But today, something is different”指的是人类认知开始面临过时的情况。故选A项。
3．推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章中通过列举“From the discovery of fire to the first flights of airplanes (从火的发现到飞机的首次飞行)”“The airplanes enlarged our physical reach, the Internet expanded our access to information, and computers increased our ability to compute. (飞机扩大了我们的活动范围，互联网增加了我们获取信息的途径，计算机提高了我们的计算能力。)”等例子，来阐述不同技术的特点以及人工智能与以往技术的不同，从而呈现文章的主旨。故选C项。
4．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“What happens when machines can think better than we can And, more importantly, what does it mean to be human in an age when our intellectual strength is no longer guaranteed (当机器比我们更会思考时会发生什么？更重要的是，在一个我们的智力优势不再有保障的时代，作为人类意味着什么？)”以及最后一段“AI’s capacity to potentially outdo our intellectual talents puts humanity in a weak position, one where we must confront our own limitations. (人工智能有可能超越我们的智力才能，这使人类处于劣势，在这种情况下我们必须正视自己的局限性。)”可知，作者对人工智能的崛起表示担忧。故选A项。
押题2
词数 话题 体裁 考点 押题理由
290 文章提出企业应通过战略性设计，利用AI增强和升级工作任务，推动工作转型 议论文 推理判断、词句猜测、主旨大意 人工智能是当前科技领域的热门话题，也是高考英语阅读理解中的高频主题之一。这类文章通常涉及人工智能的发展、应用、影响及其引发的伦理和社会问题。
The potential for AI like ChatGPT to affect how humans interact with computers and transform jobs has left many company leaders head-scratching. As with other breakthroughs in AI, ChatGPT raises big questions about how AI would impact jobs.
We believe that leading companies should neither attempt to automate human jobs nor wait on the sidelines until the shortcomings of AI are ironed out. Instead, companies should take a more strategic approach to make AI positively influence jobs.
Customer service provides an instructive case in point of the ways AI will transform — not wipe out — jobs. For example, we found that the work for customer service representatives could be broken down into 13 existing tasks. We then analyzed how AI might affect each of those tasks. Four of the tasks like directing organizational activities remained unchanged and could be performed entirely by humans. Four repetitive tasks, including fixing the prices of goods and services and collecting payments, could be fully automated. Five tasks could be upgraded to help humans work more effectively. And five new, high-value tasks emerge. Human, automated, updated, and emergent tasks — these are the elements of a new mix of tasks around which companies should redesign human jobs to get the greatest advantage from AI.
Instead of being dominated by AI, people are guiding them by human experience and knowledge. In fact, the developers of ChatGPT are continuing to refine it based on how people are using it online. As one of ChatGPT's developers pointed out, “This is ChatGPT's secret sauce. The basic idea is to take a large language model with a tendency to pour out anything it wants ... and tune it by teaching it what kinds of responses human users actually prefer.”
1．What does the underlined word “head-scratching” mean in paragraph 1
A．Excited. B．Confused. C．Relieved. D．Frightened.
2．What change will AI bring to the customer service department
A．The department aims to replace human workers with AI.
B．Most tasks in the department will remain untouched by AI.
C．Staff in the department are expected to determine product prices.
D．AI can lead to novel roles for human employees.
3．Why does the author mention the words of a developer of ChatGPT in paragraph 4
A．To prove that a large language model is the key to ChatGPT's success.
B．To show that ChatGPT will be capable of speaking anything.
C．To support that AI should remain under human control and guidance.
D．To support that AI will be smarter than humans in communication.
4．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．AI: Beauty or Beast B．ChatGPT’s Secret to Success
C．AI Will Enrich — Not Erase — Human Jobs D．Clear Divisions of Tasks in Customer Service
【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．C
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章探讨了人工智能，如Chat GPT，对工作岗位的影响，强调AI不会取代人类工作，而是改变其工作方式。通过分析客户服务领域，文章提出企业应通过战略性设计，利用AI增强和升级工作任务，推动工作转型。
1．词句猜测题。根据画线词后文“As with other breakthroughs in AI, ChatGPT raises big questions about how AI would impact jobs.(与人工智能的其他突破一样，ChatGPT提出了人工智能将如何影响就业的重大问题)”可知，ChatGPT提出了人工智能将如何影响就业的重大问题，说明人工智能让许多公司领导人感到困惑，故划线词head-scratching意为“让人疑惑的”。故选B。
2．推理判断题。根据第三段“Five tasks could be upgraded to help humans work more effectively. And five new, high-value tasks emerge. Human, automated, updated, and emergent tasks — these are the elements of a new mix of tasks around which companies should redesign human jobs to get the greatest advantage from AI.(有五项任务可以升级，以帮助人类更有效地工作。然后出现了五种新的高价值任务。人工、自动化、更新和紧急任务——这些是新任务组合的要素，公司应该围绕这些要素重新设计人类的工作，以从人工智能中获得最大的优势)”可知，人工智能可以为人类员工带来新的角色。故选D。
3．推理判断题。根据第四段“Instead of being dominated by AI, people are guiding them by human experience and knowledge.(人们不再被人工智能所支配，而是用人类的经验和知识来引导它们)”可知，作者在第4段提到了ChatGPT的开发者的话是为了支持人工智能应该继续处于人类的控制和指导之下。故选C。
4．主旨大意题。根据第二段“We believe that leading companies should neither attempt to automate human jobs nor wait on the sidelines until the shortcomings of AI are ironed out. Instead, companies should take a more strategic approach to make AI positively influence jobs.(我们认为，领先的公司既不应该试图将人类的工作自动化，也不应该坐等人工智能的缺点得到解决。相反，企业应该采取更具战略性的方法，让人工智能对就业产生积极影响)”结合文章探讨了人工智能，如Chat GPT，对工作岗位的影响，强调A I不会取代人类工作，而是改变其工作方式。通过分析客户服务领域，文章提出企业应通过战略性设计，利用AI增强和升级工作任务，推动工作转型。故最适合的标题应该是C项“人工智能将丰富而不是消除人类的工作”。故选C。
押题3
词数 话题 体裁 考点 押题理由
332 引用学者的观点和对比人类思维与人工智能的不同 议论文 推理判断、细节理解、主旨大意、推理判断 人工智能是当前科技领域的热门话题，也是高考英语阅读理解中的高频主题之一。这类文章通常涉及人工智能的发展、应用、影响及其引发的伦理和社会问题。
A lot of my friends are deeply worried about artificial intelligence, while acknowledging the possible benefits. Many fears about AI are based on an underestimation of the human mind. Some people seem to believe that the mind is like a computer. It’s all just information processing, algorithms (算法) all the way down, so of course machines are going to eventually overtake us.
This is a poor view of who we humans are. The Canadian scholar Michael Ignatieff expressed a much more accurate view of the human mind: “What we do is not processing. It is not computation. It is not data analysis. It is a human activity that is a complex combination of conscious (有意识的) and unconscious, logical and emotional reflection.”
The human mind isn’t just predicting the next word in a sentence; it developed to love and bond with others; to seek the kind of wisdom that is held in the body; to seek and create meaning. AI can copy human thought because it can take all the ideas that human beings have produced and produce them into strings of words or collections of images that make sense to us. But that doesn’t mean the AI “mind” is like the human mind. The AI “mind” lacks understanding, self-awareness, emotions, moral feelings and a unique worldview based on a lifetime of distinct and never to be repeated experiences.
AI is a different kind of intelligence, more powerful than us in some ways, but narrower. It’s helping people handle boring tasks. It’s probably going to be a fantastic tutor, which will transform education and help humans all around the world learn more. But AI’s ultimate accomplishment will be to remind us who we are by revealing what it can’t do. It will force us to double down on all the activities that make us distinctly human: taking care of each other, being a good teammate, reading deeply, exploring daringly, growing spiritually, finding kindred spirits (志趣相投者) and having a good time.
1．What does the author intend to emphasize by quoting Michael Ignatieff
A．The potential threats of artificial intelligence.
B．The gradual replaceability of human thought.
C．The information processing of the human mind.
D．The unique nature of human mental activity.
2．How does the author develop the third paragraph
A．By giving an exact definition. B．By making detailed contrasts.
C．By listing specific data. D．By analyzing cause and effect.
3．What does the author think AI will finally do
A．Remind us of the human limitations. B．Replace human beings in aspects of life.
C．Encourage us to focus on learning activities. D．Enhance our understanding of human nature.
4．What is the best title for the text
A．Can AI Think for Itself B．Do We Need to Resist AI
C．Will AI Threaten Humanity D．Is AI Age Welcome
【答案】1．D 2．B 3．D 4．C
【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了很多人担心人工智能会带来威胁，作者认为这种担心是基于对人类思维的低估。通过引用学者的观点和对比人类思维与人工智能的不同，作者指出人工智能虽然在某些方面强大，但与人类思维有本质区别，其最终作用是让人们更加关注那些体现人类独特性的活动。
1．推理判断题。根据第二段中“The Canadian scholar Michael Ignatieff expressed a much more accurate view of the human mind: “What we do is not processing. It is not computation. It is not data analysis. It is a human activity that is a complex combination of conscious (有意识的) and unconscious, logical and emotional reflection.”(加拿大学者迈克尔·伊格纳蒂夫（Michael Ignatieff）对人类思维的看法要准确得多：“我们所做的不是处理。这不是计算。这不是数据分析。它是一种人类活动，是有意识和无意识、逻辑和情感反映的复杂结合。”)”可知，作者引用 Michael Ignatieff 的话是为了强调人类思维活动不是简单的处理、计算或数据分析，而是有意识和无意识、逻辑和情感反思的复杂组合，突出了人类思维活动的独特性。故选D项。
2．推理判断题。根据第三段中，作者先指出“The human mind isn’t just predicting the next word in a sentence; it developed to love and bond with others; to seek the kind of wisdom that is held in the body; to seek and create meaning.(人类的大脑不只是预测句子中的下一个单词；它发展为爱和与他人的联系；寻求身体所蕴藏的智慧；寻找和创造意义)”，这说明了人类思维的特点；接着又说“AI can copy human thought because it can take all the ideas that human beings have produced and produce them into strings of words or collections of images that make sense to us. But that doesn’t mean the AI ‘mind’ is like the human mind. The AI ‘mind’ lacks understanding, self-awareness, emotions, moral feelings and a unique worldview based on a lifetime of distinct and never to be repeated experiences.( 人工智能可以复制人类的思想，因为它可以将人类产生的所有想法转化为对我们有意义的单词串或图像集。但这并不意味着人工智能的“思维”就像人类的思维。人工智能“头脑”缺乏理解、自我意识、情感、道德感受和基于一生独特且永远不会重复的经历的独特世界观)”将人工智能的“思维”与人类思维进行对比，阐述了人工智能的“思维”虽然能复制人类思想，但缺乏人类思维所具有的理解、自我意识、情感、道德感和独特的世界观等。由此推知，作者是通过详细的对比来展开第三段的。故选B项。
3．细节理解题。根据最后一段“But AI’s ultimate accomplishment will be to remind us who we are by revealing what it can’t do. It will force us to double down on all the activities that make us distinctly human: taking care of each other, being a good teammate, reading deeply, exploring daringly, growing spiritually, finding kindred spirits(志趣相投者) and having a good time.( 但人工智能的最终成就将是通过揭示它不能做什么来提醒我们，我们是谁。它将迫使我们加倍投入所有使我们成为人类的活动：互相照顾，成为一个好队友，深入阅读，大胆探索，精神成长，找到志同道合的人，享受美好时光)”可知，作者认为人工智能的最终成就将是通过揭示它不能做的事情来提醒我们人类的本质，促使我们更加关注那些使我们成为独特人类的活动，从而增强我们对人性的理解。故选D项。
4．主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及第一段“A lot of my friends are deeply worried about artificial intelligence, while acknowledging the possible benefits. Many fears about AI are based on an underestimation of the human mind. Some people seem to believe that the mind is like a computer. It’s all just information processing, algorithms(算法) all the way down, so of course machines are going to eventually overtake us.( 我的很多朋友都对人工智能深感担忧，同时也承认它可能带来的好处。许多对人工智能的担忧都是基于对人类思维的低估。有些人似乎认为大脑就像一台电脑。这一切都只是信息处理，算法，所以当然机器最终会超过我们)”可知，文章开篇提到很多人担心人工智能，接着阐述了人类思维的独特性以及人工智能与人类思维的区别，最后说明人工智能的最终作用，整体围绕人工智能是否会威胁人类这一话题展开讨论。由此可知，“人工智能会威胁人类吗？”适合作本文最佳标题。故选C项。
三、心理学类
押题1
词数 话题 体裁 考点 押题理由
353 心理学家弗洛姆关于“拥有”和“存在”两种心态的观点，指出“拥有”心态的问题并建议人们做出改变 议论文 推理判断、词句猜测、细节理解 心理学类阅读理解是高考英语中的重要题型之一，通常涉及人类行为、情绪、认知、心理健康等主题。这类文章不仅考查学生的语言理解能力，还要求考生具备一定的逻辑思维能力和对心理学概念的理解能力。
A beautiful piece of music was playing on the radio. I did not know what it was, and I started listening carefully, but then I noticed my mind wandering as if to own the music. It was like it was not enough for me just to enjoy the moment. I needed to memorize, understand, and analyze what I was hearing to capture that moment. And in doing this, I was no longer enjoying it. What stopped me from enjoying the music
In asking that question, I remembered the humanistic psychologist Erich Fromm. In his classic book To Have or To Be he wrote about “having” and “being” as two different mindsets or attitudes towards life. Fromm described how having was a dominant cultural mindset and ultimately at the root of many of our personal and social problems.
The having mindset is so deeply ingrained within us that it can take over and push our being out of the way. The having mindset raises an essential problem for humanity. Fromm writes about how it comes from our materialistic culture in which having as a mindset is prioritized over a being mindset.
It often seems that most of us treat life as if we were just playing a giant game of Monopoly (大富翁) in real time. Who can collect the most wealth and property and exploit (剥削) the other players It is a game in which we learn to value only what brings us monetary gain. We truly need so little in the way of material things to be contented in life. We need a sense of purpose, meaning, relationships, good health, and the resources to be safe and secure.
It feels like we have no choice but to live as if we were the pieces on a Monopoly board. But we can be aware of the choices we make in life and begin to adjust our lives either down the path of having or being. That way, we can learn to enjoy a piece of music without needing to buy it, go for a walk, and appreciate the wildflowers without picking them.
1．What can be inferred about the author from the first paragraph
A．He didn’t like music. B．He liked analyzing music occasionally.
C．He failed to enjoy the music. D．He listened to music casually.
2．What does the underlined word “ingrained” in Paragraph 3 mean
A．Rooted. B．Affected. C．Imagined. D．Discovered.
3．What’s the author’s attitude towards “having” mindset
A．Interested. B．Opposed. C．Positive. D．Unconcerned.
4．What does the author advise us to do
A．Play the game of Monopoly. B．Change our mindsets in life.
C．Aim high and seek your fortune. D．Find life purpose and help others.
【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4.B
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。作者由听音乐的经历引出心理学家弗洛姆关于“拥有”和“存在”两种心态的观点，指出“拥有”心态的问题并建议人们做出改变。
1．推理判断题。根据第一段中“I did not know what it was, and I started listening carefully, but then I noticed my mind wandering as if to own the music. It was like it was not enough for me just to enjoy the moment. I needed to memorize, understand, and analyze what I was hearing to capture that moment. And in doing this, I was no longer enjoying it.(我不知道那是什么音乐，于是开始认真聆听，但随后我注意到自己的思绪开始飘移，好像想要占有这首音乐。仅仅享受当下对我来说似乎还不够。我需要记住、理解并分析我所听到的内容，以抓住那一刻。而这样做的时候，我就不再享受音乐了)”可推知，作者因为想要记住、理解和分析音乐，结果无法享受音乐了。故选C项。
2．词句猜测题。划线词所在句“The having mindset is so deeply ingrained within us that it can take over and push our being out of the way.(“拥有”心态在我们内心如此ingrained，以至于它可以占据主导地位，把我们的“存在”心态挤到一边)”中“so...that...”是固定句型，that引导结果状语从句，由“it can take over and push our being out of the way”可推知，“拥有”心态对我们影响很深，如同扎根在我们内心一样，所以才导致“存在”心态挤到一边。故划线词“ingrained”意为“根深蒂固的”，与“Rooted”意思相近。故选A项。
3．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Fromm described how having was a dominant cultural mindset and ultimately at the root of many of our personal and social problems.(弗洛姆描述了“拥有”是一种占主导地位的文化心态，并且最终是我们许多个人和社会问题的根源)”、第三段中“The having mindset raises an essential problem for humanity.(“拥有”心态给人类带来了一个根本性的问题)”和最后一段中“That way, we can learn to enjoy a piece of music without needing to buy it, go for a walk, and appreciate the wildflowers without picking them.(这样，我们就可以学会欣赏一段音乐而不需要购买它，去散步，欣赏野花而不需要采摘)”可知，作者引用弗洛姆的观点，说明“拥有”心态会给个人和社会带来问题，同时建议人们学会欣赏而不是去拥有。由此推知，作者对“拥有”心态持反对态度。故选B项。
4．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“But we can be aware of the choices we make in life and begin to adjust our lives either down the path of having or being. That way, we can learn to enjoy a piece of music without needing to buy it, go for a walk, and appreciate the wildflowers without picking them.(但是我们可以意识到我们在生活中所做的选择，并开始调整我们的生活，要么走向“拥有”的道路，要么走向“存在”的道路。这样，我们就可以学会欣赏一段音乐而不需要购买它，去散步，欣赏野花而不需要采摘)”可知，作者建议人们学会欣赏而不是去拥有，这是建议我们改变生活中的心态。故选B项。
押题2
词数 话题 体裁 考点 押题理由
350 心理学家马斯洛的需求层次理论，以及金钱在满足人类需求中的作用 议论文 推理判断、词句猜测、细节理解 心理学类阅读理解是高考英语中的重要题型之一，通常涉及人类行为、情绪、认知、心理健康等主题。这类文章不仅考查学生的语言理解能力，还要求考生具备一定的逻辑思维能力和对心理学概念的理解能力。
Consider the hierarchy (层次) of needs proposed in 1943 by the psychologist Abraham Maslow. Maslow believed that people tend to focus on meeting their needs in a particular order of urgency. We start with survival needs such as food, shelter, and safety. Once these have been met, we turn our attention to social and emotional needs, such as love and belonging. Finally, we focus on higher-order needs such as self-actualization — in other words, looking for life’s meaning.
Of these three levels, money is only truly helpful for the first. This is why economists often find that well-being doesn’t improve much once a person reaches the relatively humble financial means that meet those needs. The “middle needs” of love and belonging — family, friends, romance — can’t be met with money, and pursuing money with too much gusto can even result in unexpected consequences.
Focusing too much on money is actively opposed to Maslow’s highest-level needs, because doing so can lead people into a trap that researchers call “financial contingency of self-worth,” which happens when a person’s self-esteem is conditional on his or her financial success.
This might explain why stress levels are high both when money is tight and when people reach higher income levels. A 2018 survey conducted by LinkedIn found that stress at work falls when people earn more than $50,000, but then starts to rise significantly when people earn above $200,000. One reason for the stress among high earners is their neglect (忽略) of relationships, according to some researchers.
Perhaps your parents always put a lot of pressure on you to succeed financially, or you tend to be insecure about your self-worth and rely a lot on social comparison. One way or another, you might be measuring yourself in money, and without realizing it, hoping that at some point you will be “expensive” enough to earn others’ love and respect. Your instincts (直觉) might be telling you to earn more, more, more in order to find peace and satisfaction. Your instincts are lying, and you could get much happier by reassessing your priorities.
1．What is the primary role of money according to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
A．It ensures a sense of safety. B．It satisfies all levels of needs.
C．It is crucial for self-actualization. D．It is most effective for basic survival needs.
2．What does “gusto” mean in paragraph 2
A．Resistance. B．Enthusiasm. C．Indifference. D．Hesitation.
3．Why might pursuing money excessively lead to stress even at higher income levels
A．It leads to a constant need for financial growth.
B．It complicates financial choices for the wealthy.
C．It may overshadow social and emotional bonds.
D．It increases the pressure to maintain high income.
4．What is the author’s view on using money as a measure of self-worth
A．It’s a natural response. B．It’s a reasonable pursuit.
C．It’s a notable misconception. D．It’s a temporary phase in personal growth.
【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．C
【解析】本文是一篇议论文，讨论了心理学家马斯洛的需求层次理论，以及金钱在满足人类需求中的作用。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“We start with survival needs such as food, shelter, and safety. Once these have been met, we turn our attention to social and emotional needs, such as love and belonging. Finally, we focus on higher-order needs such as self-actualization — in other words, looking for life’s meaning.(我们从生存需求开始，比如食物、住所和安全。一旦满足了这些需求，我们就会把注意力转向社会和情感需求，比如爱和归属感。最后，我们关注更高层次的需求，比如自我实现——换句话说，寻找生活的意义。)”以及第二段“Of these three levels, money is only truly helpful for the first. This is why economists often find that well-being doesn’t improve much once a person reaches the relatively humble financial means that meet those needs.(在这三个层面中，金钱只对第一个层面有真正的帮助。这就是为什么经济学家经常发现，一旦一个人达到了满足这些需求的相对微薄的经济手段，他的幸福感就不会有太大改善)”可知，这表明金钱对基本需求的满足最为有效，而对其他层次的需求帮助有限。故选D项。
2．词句猜测题。根据划线词下段“Focusing too much on money is actively opposed to Maslow’s highest-level needs, because doing so can lead people into a trap that researchers call “financial contingency of self-worth,” which happens when a person’s self-esteem is conditional on his or her financial success.(过于关注金钱与马斯洛的最高层次需求是背道而驰的，因为这样做会让人们陷入一个陷阱，研究人员称之为‘自我价值的经济偶然性’，当一个人的自尊取决于他或她的经济成功时，就会发生这种情况)”可知，上文应是提到过于关注金钱，从而引出本段内容，推知gusto是“热情”之意，和B项意思相近。故选B项。
3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“This might explain why stress levels are high both when money is tight and when people reach higher income levels. A 2018 survey conducted by LinkedIn found that stress at work falls when people earn more than $50,000,but then starts to rise significantly when people earn above $200,000. One reason for the stress among high earners is their neglect (忽略) of relationships, according to some researchers.(这也许可以解释为什么当钱紧张时和人们达到较高收入水平时，压力水平都很高。领英在2018年进行的一项调查发现，当人们的收入超过5万美元时，工作压力会下降，但当人们的收入超过20万美元时，工作压力就会开始显著上升。一些研究人员称，高收入者压力大的一个原因是他们忽视了人际关系)”可知，过度追求金钱可能会导致人们忽视人际关系，从而影响他们的社会和情感需求。故选C项。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“One way or another, you might be measuring yourself in money, and without realizing it, hoping that at some point you will be “expensive” enough to earn others’ love and respect. Your instincts (直觉) might be telling you to earn more, more, more in order to find peace and satisfaction. Your instincts are lying, and you could get much happier by reassessing your priorities.(不管怎样，你可能会用金钱来衡量自己，而没有意识到这一点，希望在某个时候你会‘昂贵’到足以赢得别人的爱和尊重。你的本能可能会告诉你，为了找到平静和满足，你应该赚得更多、更多、更多。你的直觉在说谎，你可以通过重新评估你的优先级而变得更快乐)”可知，将金钱作为衡量自我价值的标准是一种错误观念。作者认为这种观念是一种错误认识。故选C项。
押题3
词数 话题 体裁 考点 押题理由
311 人格测试的局限性以及人格并非固定不变的观点 议论文 推理判断、词句猜测、细节理解、主旨大意 心理学类阅读理解是高考英语中的重要题型之一，通常涉及人类行为、情绪、认知、心理健康等主题。这类文章不仅考查学生的语言理解能力，还要求考生具备一定的逻辑思维能力和对心理学概念的理解能力。
Many seemingly serious personality tests are not supported by research. Despite being a billion-dollar industry, commercial personality testing does not predict success. That’s because most tests assume one’s characters are static.
Researches confirm that people can intentionally shape their characters. That’s contrary to their assumption that your personality type places you in a box, directing how you choose partners, activities and careers.
You can think of personality as labels that summarize your responses to questions as follows. Do you think about situations more pessimistically, or are you a glass-half-full kind of person Do you wait until the last minute to complete tasks, or do you plan ahead Depending on your answers, you might be labeled as a certain personality. However, people often view personality as the core of who they are. According to scientific definitions, personality is not one’s likes, dislikes or preferences. It’s not your values or what you think is important. Shifting characters does not change the core of who you are. It simply means responding to situations with different thoughts and behaviors.
Here is a common example. Suppose you’re not super reliable. If you start to think “being on time shows others that you respect them”, to feel pride when you arrive to a dinner party before friends, and to engage in new behaviors that increase your timeliness (守时) — such as getting up with an alarm and setting appointment reminders — you are demonstrating the features of a reliable person. If you maintain these changes to your thoughts and behaviors over time — ta-da! — you are reliable.
Besides, personality changes across a person’s lifetime. As people grow older, they tend to experience fewer negative emotions, become more considerate, place greater emphasis on harmonious relationships and are less critical of others. Slow yet steady changes in thoughts and behaviors can eventually develop the personality people desire.
1．What does the underlined word “static” in paragraph 1 mean
A．Flexible. B．Constant. C．Complex. D．Predictable.
2．What is the main idea of paragraph 3
A．Questions help people understand labels. B．Planning ahead leads to completing tasks.
C．Negative beliefs tend to worsen situations. D．Personality is how one thinks and behaves.
3．What does the common example show
A．How to manage the time. B．How to maintain changes.
C．How to change personality. D．How to increase timeliness.
4．How might people become as they age
A．Critical. B．Positive. C．Selfless. D．Reliable.
【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．B
【解析】本文是一篇议论文，主要通过论述和举例，探讨了人格测试的局限性以及人格并非固定不变的观点，并强调人们可以通过改变思维和行为来塑造自己的性格。
1．词句猜测题。根据文章第一段中“That’s because most tests assume one’s characters are static.(这是因为大多数测试假设一个人的性格是static)”和第二段中“Researches confirm that people can intentionally shape their characters. That’s contrary to their assumption that your personality type places you in a box, directing how you choose partners, activities and careers.(研究表明，人们可以有意识地塑造自己的性格。这与他们的假设相反，即你的性格类型将你限制在一个盒子里，决定你选择伴侣、活动和职业)”可知，大多数人认为一个人的性格是固定的，不变的，由此可推知，划线单词“static”意为“不变的”。故选B。
2．主旨大意题。根据文章第三段中关键句“However, people often view personality as the core of who they are. According to scientific definitions, personality is not one’s likes, dislikes or preferences. It’s not your values or what you think is important. Shifting characters does not change the core of who you are. It simply means responding to situations with different thoughts and behaviors.(然而，人们常常将性格视为自身的核心。但根据科学定义，性格并非是一个人的喜好或偏好，也不是你的价值观或者你认为重要的东西。改变性格并不会改变你本质的自我，它仅仅意味着以不同的思维和行为方式来应对各种情况)”可知，本段主要讨论了性格是如何通过思想和行为来体现的，即该段主要说明性格是一个人思考和行为的方式。故选D。
3．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Here is a common example. Suppose you’re not super reliable. If you start to think “being on time shows others that you respect them”, to feel pride when you arrive to a dinner party before friends, and to engage in new behaviors that increase your timeliness (守时) — such as getting up with an alarm and setting appointment reminders — you are demonstrating the features of a reliable person. If you maintain these changes to your thoughts and behaviors over time — ta-da! — you are reliable.(这里有一个常见的例子。假设你不是特别可靠。如果你开始认为“准时表明你尊重他人”，当你在朋友之前到达晚宴时感到自豪，并采取新的行为来提高你的守时性——比如用闹钟起床和设置约会提醒——你正在展示一个可靠的人的特征。如果你随着时间的推移保持这些思想和行为的变化——哒哒！——你就是可靠的)”可推知，这个例子展示了如何通过改变思想和行为来改变性格。故选C。
4．细节理解题。根据文章第五段中“As people grow older, they tend to experience fewer negative emotions, become more considerate, place greater emphasis on harmonious relationships and are less critical of others.(随着年龄的增长，人们往往会经历更少的负面情绪，变得更加体贴，更加重视和谐的关系，对他人的批评也会减少)”可知，随着年龄增长，人们更少经历负面情绪，更加积极乐观。故选B。
四、科学研究类
押题1
词数 话题 体裁 考点 押题理由
368 论述了科学的本质 议论文 推理判断、主旨大意、细节理解 科学研究类说明文是高考英语阅读理解中的重要题型之一，通常涉及科学发现、实验研究、技术应用、科学原理等主题。这类文章不仅考查学生的语言理解能力，还要求考生具备一定的科学素养和逻辑思维能力。
Some scientists insist that once we discover the truth about the world, we are done. Anyone who denies such truths, they suggest, is stupid or ignorant (无知的). Well, no. In science, what we do is both hard and, often, hard to explain. The history of science offers many examples of matters that scientists thought they had resolved, only to discover that these matters needed to be reconsidered. Familiar examples include Earth as the center of the universe and the stability of continents.
Science is a process of learning and discovery, and sometimes we learn that what we thought was right is wrong. To say that science is “true” or “permanent” is like saying that “beauty is absolute”. At best, it’s a bit off-key (不恰当的). The concept of beauty today is very different from what it was in ancient Greece or the Middle Ages, and so are most of our “laws” of nature.
Other scientists may say scientific findings are true because they use “the scientific method”. But we can never actually agree on what that method is. Some will say it is observation and description of the world. Others will say it is the use of experience and experiment. Recently a leading scientist said the scientific method was to avoid fooling oneself into thinking something is true that is not.
Each of these views has its value, but if the claim is that any one of these is the scientific method, then they all fail. History and philosophy have shown that the idea of a singular (唯一的) scientific method is unscientific. In fact, the methods of science have varied between disciplines and across time. Scientists have bitterly argued about which methods are the best, and, as we all know, bitter arguments rarely get resolved.
In my view, science is not simple, and neither is the natural world. Our efforts to understand and explain the natural world are just that: efforts.
Because we’re human, we often fall flat. The good news is that when that happens, we pick ourselves up, brush ourselves off, and get back to work. Understanding the world we live in, and using that knowledge to do useful things, is its own reward.
1．According to paragraph 1, what is considered as truth in science________.
A．may have lasting value B．may need re-examining
C．should be known to all D．should not be rejected
2．Why does the author mention “beauty” in paragraph 2
A．To raise a question. B．To make a prediction.
C．To illustrate an idea. D．To propose a solution.
3．What does the author think of the methods of science
A．They shouldn’t be used to fool the public.
B．They rely heavily on observation and description.
C．They seldom cause arguments among scientists.
D．They shouldn’t be limited to a single method.
4．What could be the best title for the passage
A．Efforts in Science: Dreaming Big. B．Science: Endless Journey to Truth.
C．Scientists: Defenders of Science. D．Scientific Method: Simple Choice.
【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．B
【解析】这是一篇议论文。本文主要论述了科学的本质，即科学是一个不断学习和发现的过程，科学的真理并不是永恒不变的，而科学的方法也不应该局限于一种单一的方法，而是需要不断地探索和发展。
1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“The history of science offers many examples of matters that scientists thought they had resolved, only to discover that these matters needed to be reconsidered.(科学史上有很多例子表明，科学家们认为他们已经解决的问题，结果却发现这些问题需要重新考虑)”可知，在科学中被认为是真理的可能需要重新审查。故选B。
2．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Science is a process of learning and discovery, and sometimes we learn that what we thought was right is wrong. To say that science is ‘true’ or ‘permanent’ is like saying that ‘beauty is absolute’.(科学是一个学习和发现的过程，有时我们会发现我们认为正确的东西其实是错误的。说科学是‘真理’或‘永恒’的，就像说‘美是绝对’的一样)”可知，作者提到“美”是为了说明一个观点，即科学的真理并不是永恒不变的，就像美的标准也会随着时间而改变一样。故选C。
3．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“History and philosophy have shown that the idea of a singular scientific method is unscientific. In fact, the methods of science have varied between disciplines and across time.(历史和哲学已经表明，单一的科学方法是不科学的。事实上，科学的方法在不同的学科和不同的时间都有所不同)”可推知，作者认为科学的方法不应该局限于一种单一的方法。故选D。
4．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要论述了科学的本质，即科学是一个不断学习和发现的过程，科学的真理并不是永恒不变的，而科学的方法也不应该局限于一种单一的方法，而是需要不断地探索和发展，由此可知，选项B“科学：通往真理的无尽之旅”最能概括文章主旨，适合作为本文标题。故选B。
押题2
词数 话题 体裁 考点 押题理由
354 发明创造不是一蹴而就的，而往往来自不断的试错过程 议论文 推理判断 科学研究类说明文是高考英语阅读理解中的重要题型之一，通常涉及科学发现、实验研究、技术应用、科学原理等主题。这类文章不仅考查学生的语言理解能力，还要求考生具备一定的科学素养和逻辑思维能力。
People often think that scientific discoveries come from the geniuses like Charles Darwin and Albert Einstein. Such a view overlooks the efforts of lesser-known pioneers. Also, popular belief holds that the sudden idea is the key to making scientific breakthroughs, as if it just appears in someone’s mind.
This opinion might be partially true. It doesn’t accurately represent the true nature of scientific breakthroughs. Apart from, the great figures such as Darwin and Einstein, whose contributions are rightly recognized — we believe innovation is largely a trial-and-error process, where two steps forward may sometimes come with one step back or even more steps to the right or left.
Take John Nicholson, a lesser-known scientist from the 1910s. He was a mathematical physicist who suggested the idea of ‘proto-elements’ in space. By mixing different weights of these atoms, he could recover the weights of the elements in the periodic table. Though proto-elements don’t actually exist, Nicholson’s wild ideas led him to propose a new theory about atomic structure. Niels Bohr, the Nobel prize-winning father of modern atomic theory, later built on this idea to develop his famous model of the atom.
What can we learn from this story Science is always evolving, similar to the evolution of animal species. Just random or unexpected changes of ideas may open the door for advances in science. Support for this idea can be seen in many areas. For example, in US horse racing, the ‘acey-deucy’ stirrup placement, where the rider’ s left foot is placed lower than the right foot, provides a speed advantage on oval tracks. It was created by a little-known rider named Jackie Westrope. Had Westrope done careful research to develop this technique No. He had a leg injury that prevented him from fully bending his left knee. This change just happened to improve his left-hand turning performance. As a result, many riders quickly adopted the acey-deucy style, which is still used in racing today.
Many other examples show science progress often comes from mistakes, accidents, or pure luck. It’s time to abandon the naive beliefs of genius and explore the true causes of creativity.
1．What is the purpose of paragraph 1
A．To support specific ideas.
B．To describe a common belief.
C．To compare certain beliefs.
D．To challenge a popular view.
2．What does the writer imply about Darwin and Einstein in paragraph 2
A．They set an example for others to follow.
B．Their way of working has been misunderstood.
C．They are exceptions to the usual rule.
D．Their achievements deserve greater recognition.
3．What do we know about the idea of Nicholson
A．It made him famous as an important scientist.
B．People only fully understood it later in history.
C．Other scientists were initially doubtful about it.
D．It paved the way for someone else’ s breakthrough.
4．What is most interesting about the ‘acey-deucy’ stirrup adjustment
A．Why it was made.
B．How quickly people used it.
C．The research work behind it.
D．The cleverness of its first user.
【答案】1．B 2．B 3．D 4．A
【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章论述了发明创造不是一蹴而就的，而往往来自不断的试错过程。
1．推理判断题。根据第一段内容“People often think that scientific discoveries come from the geniuses like Charles Darwin and Albert Einstein. Such a view overlooks the efforts of lesser-known pioneers. Also, popular belief holds that the sudden idea is the key to making scientific breakthroughs, as if it just appears in someone’s mind. (人们通常认为科学发现来自查尔斯·达尔文和阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦等天才。这种观点忽视了鲜为人知的先驱者的努力。此外，人们普遍认为，突然的想法是取得科学突破的关键，就好像它只是出现在某人的脑海里一样)”可知，文章第一段描述了一个普遍观点，即突然的想法是取得科学突破的关键。由此推知，第一段的目的是描述一个普遍观点。故选B项。
2．推理判断题。根据第二段内容“This opinion might be partially true. It doesn’t accurately represent the true nature of scientific breakthroughs. Apart fro

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