2025届高考英语二轮复习专题短语等素材(10份打包)

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2025届高考英语二轮复习专题短语等素材(10份打包)

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01学习方法与态度
1. Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。
2. It is never too old to learn. 活到老,学到老。
3. Reading is to the mind while exercise to the body. 读书健脑,运动强身。
4. A man becomes learned by asking questions. 不耻下问才能有学问。
5. Learn and live. 活着,为了学习。
6. Knowledge starts with practice. 实践出真知。
7. Complacency is the enemy of study. 学习的敌人是自己的满足。
8. Knowledge makes humble; ignorance makes proud. 知识使人谦虚,无知使人傲慢。
9. Knowledge advances by steps and not by leaps. 知识只能循序渐进,不能跃进。
10. A man can do no more than he can. 凡事都应量力而行。
11. Books and friends should be few but good. 读书如交友,应求少而精。
12. A man cannot spin and reel at the same time. 一心不能二用。
02勤奋、意志与成功
1. Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者事竟成。
2. No pains, no gains. 没有付出就没有收获。
3. Constant dripping wears away a stone. 水滴石穿,绳锯木断。
4. Care and diligence bring luck. 谨慎和勤奋才能抓住机遇。
5. Genius is nothing but labour and diligence. 天才不过是勤奋而已。
6. Great hopes make great man. 伟大的抱负造就伟大的人物。
7. Industry is the parent of success. 勤奋是成功之母。
8. No rose without a thorn. 没有不带刺的玫瑰。
9. There is no royal road to learning. 书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟。
10. No way is impossible to courage. 勇者无惧。
11. Success belongs to the persevering. 坚持就是胜利。
12. The finest diamond must be cut. 玉不琢,不成器。
13. Adversity makes a man wise, not rich. 逆境出人才。
03品行与操守
1. Honesty is the best policy.
诚实不欺为上策。
2. Respect yourself, or no one else will respect you. 要人尊敬,必须自重。
3. Patience is the best remedy. 忍耐是良药。
4. One good turn deserves another. 善有善报。
5. He knows most who speaks least. 大智若愚。
6. A still tongue makes a wise head. 寡言者智。
7. A candle lights others and consumes itself. 蜡烛照亮别人,却毁灭了自己。
8. He is not fit to command others that cannot command himself. 正人须先正己。
9. Pride goes before, and shame comes after. 骄傲使人落后。
10. Please the eye and plague the heart. 贪图一时快活,必然留下隐祸。
11. Penny wise, pound foolish. 贪小便宜吃大亏。
12. He who makes constant complaint gets little compassion. 经常诉苦,没人同情。
13. Do as you would be done by. 己所不欲,勿施于人。
04择友与友谊
1. Birds of a feather flock together. 物以类聚,人以群分。
2. A man is known by his friends. 什么人交什么朋友。
3. Keep good men company and you shall be of the number. 近朱者赤,近墨者黑。
4. A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患难见真情。
5. A friend is easier lost than found. 得朋友难,失朋友易。
6. A faithful friend is hard to find. 知音难觅。
7. A friend is never known till a man has need. 需要之时方知友。
8. Misfortune tests the sincerity of friends. 患难见真情。
05珍惜时光
1. Time flies. 光阴似箭。
2. Time and tide wait for no man. 时不我待。
3. To save time is to lengthen life. 节约时间就是延长生命。
4. Time stays not the fool's leisure. 时间不等闲逛的傻瓜。
5. Lost years are worse than lost dollars. 失去时光金不换。
6. Time is money. 时间就是金钱。
7. Time has wings. 光阴去如飞。
8. Time lost cannot be won again. 时光一去不复返。
06金钱与财富
1. Gold will not buy anything. 黄金不能买尽一切。
2. The chief aim of man is not to get money. 人的主要目的并不是赚钱。
3. The money the miser hoards will do him no good. 守财奴积财,对自己毫无好处。
4. What is wealth good for, if it brings melancholy 财富如带忧郁来,有了财富有何用?
5. Wealth makes worship.
财富能使人拜倒。
07健康与心态
1. An apple a day keeps the doctor away. 一天一苹果,不用请医生。
2. Prevention is better than cure. 预防胜于治疗。
3. All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. 只工作,不玩耍,聪明小伙也变傻。
4. Health is not valued till sickness comes. 病时方知健康可贵。
5. A close mouth catches no flies. 病从口入。
6. A good medicine tastes bitter. 良药苦口。
7. Good health is over wealth. 健康是最大的财富。
8. Happiness lies first of all in health. 幸福首先在于健康。
9. Cheerfulness is health; its opposite, melancholy, is disease. 欢乐就是健康, 忧郁就是病痛。
10. He is happy that thinks himself so. 自乐者常乐。
11. Content is better than riches. 知足者常乐。
08常理与法则
1. A good beginning is half done. 良好的开端是成功的一半。
2. Don't put off till tomorrow what should be done today. 今日事,今日毕。
3. Fact speaks louder than words. 事实胜于雄辩。
4. Failure is the mother of success. 失败是成功之母。
5. A bird in the hand is worth than two in the bush. 一鸟在手胜过双鸟在林。
6. Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。
7. Still water runs deep. 静水流深。
8. Strike the iron while it is hot. 趁热打铁。
9. When in Rome, do as the Romans do. 入乡随俗。
10. Man proposes, god disposes. 谋事在人,成事在天。
11. Look before you leap. 摸清情况再行动。
12. Experience must be bought. 吃一堑,长一智。
13. Make hay while the sun shines. 良机勿失。
14. He who does not advance loses ground. 逆水行舟,不进则退。
15. Easier said than done. 说得容易,做得难。
16. Every day is not Sunday. 好景不常在。
17. All that glitters is not gold. 闪光的不一定都是金子。
18. All things are difficult before they are easy. 总是由难而易。
19. Every advantage has its disadvantage. 有利必有弊。
20. Every man has his faults. 金无足赤,人无完人。
21. Four eyes see more than two. 集思广益。
22. He laughs best who laughs last. 谁笑到最后,谁笑得最好。
23. It is the first step that costs troublesome. 万事开头难。
24. The farthest way about is the nearest way home. 抄近路反而绕远路。
25. Take things as they come. 既来之,则安之。
26. Every man is the architect of his own fortune. 自己的命运自己掌握。
27. The early bird catches the worm. 早起的鸟儿有虫吃。
28. It is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收。
29. Don't trouble trouble until trouble troubles you. 不要自找麻烦。
30. Don't try to teach your grandmother to suck eggs. 不要班门弄斧。1.感恩类常用词汇
1.thank sb. for sth. /doing sth. 因某事而感激某人 2. be grateful to sb. for sth. 因某事而感激某人 3. express/ convey my sincere thanks to sb. for sth. 向某人表达我诚挚的谢意 4 make great/good progress 取得很大的进步 5.in/during/over the past/last four years 过去四年 6. be admitted to/into a university 被一所大学录取 7.say thanks to you for helping me 谢谢你帮助我 8. thanks to/owing to/because of your help 多亏了你的帮助 9.enjoy myself 玩得高兴 10. have a better understanding of… 对……有更好的理解
11.enrich our knowledge and broaden our horizons
2.道歉类常用词汇
1. keep promise 信守诺言
2. be absent from 缺席3. apologize to sb.for sth. 因某事向某人道歉 4. make an apology to sb.for sth. 因某事向某人道歉 5. say sorry to sb. 对某人说抱歉 6. beg your forgiveness for 恳求你的原谅 7. cause inconvenience 造成不便 8. miss the appointment 错过/取消约会 9. make up for.… 弥补 10. express my regret 表达我的道歉 11. it is considerate of sb to do sth 体谅12. accept my apology 接受我的道歉13. have no choice/option but to do sth. 除了做某事别无选择
14. make a choice 选择
3.活动类常用词汇
1.be present ( at) 出席 2.be absent from. 缺席3.express one’s opinion 表达某人的观点 4.choose sb. as 选择某人作为……5.attend a lecture/meeting 听课/参会 6.give a lecture/speech 做讲座/演讲7.take part in/participate in an activity 参加活动 8.be organized by. 由……组织9.be expected to do.被期待做某事;有望做某事 10.will be held 将被举行11.take measures/steps/action to…采取措施12.be aimed/intended to do.打算……13.with the aim/intention/purpose of.目标是14.sign up for/register for签到/报名参加15.be invited t osp 被邀请去……16.bring sth. with sb. 某人带来某物17.be required to do 被要求做……18.take notes 做笔记19.inform sb. of sth.. 告知某人某事
4.求助类常用词汇
1.have trouble/difficulty(in)doing sth. 做某事有困难
2.do sb. a favor/give sb. a hand 给某人帮助3.ask for help/seek for help 寻求帮助4.encounter some problems 遇到一些问题5.be busy/occupied/engaged in doing sth. 忙于做某事6.make preparations for.… 为某事做准备7.put...inuse/practice 学以致用8.letsb. down 让某人失望9.overcome the fear 克服恐惧10.be anxious/eager to do sth./long to do sth. 渴望做某事11.offer some constructive guidance提供一些有益的指导12.be grateful/thankful to sb.for sth.因某事感激某人
5.通知类常用词汇
1.inform sb. of sth. 告知某人某事2.introduce sth.to sb. 向某人介绍某物3.provide some information for sb. 为某人提供一些信息4.work out my schedule 制订我的计划5.as follows 列举如下6.show sb. around... 带领某人参观某处7.have a try 试试看,尝试一下8.sign up for.. 报名参加9.wok as/serve as/act as. 任……职,当……10.mean/intend to do sth. 打算做某事11.spare some time to do sth. 抽出时间做某事12.take a course 参加一门课程13.pay a visit to..… 去参观14.make a difference 有影响;起(重要)作用15.hesitate to do sth. 犹豫,有所顾虑16.be scheduled at/on... 被安排在17.make preparations for.. 为……准备18.make an arrangement for sth. 为……做安排
19.be intended to sth. 打算,意图
7.申请类常用短语
1. apply for 申请
2. graduate from 毕业于3. major in 主修4. be skilled in/a... 在……方面熟练5. be good at..…/be expert in.. 擅长/精通于……6. have a good command/knowledge 掌握/能驾驭7. be competent for. 胜任8.be fit/suitable for/be qualified for 适合/有……的资格9.have rich working experience 有丰富的工作经验10.cooperate with 与(某人)协作,合作11.come out top 名列前茅12.be bound to... 肯定,注定,必定13.good grades 良好的成绩14.be paid by the hour 按小时发工资15.present address 现在的通讯地址16.working experience 工作经历17.a win-win activity 一个双赢的活动 8.咨询类常用短语
1.inquire about sth. 询问……的情况2.seek for sth. 寻求3.obtain some information 获得一些信息4.regarcding/concerning/with regard tosth. 关于5.provide sb. with sth. 提供给某人某物6.inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某事7.prompt/immediate reply 及时的回复8.take into account of sth./take sth. into account 考虑到……9.detailed information 详情10.be grateful/obliged to sb. for sth 因某事而感谢某人11.express one's appreciation for.. 对某事表示感激12.be concerned about... 对……关心13.attend a summer school 参加暑期学校14.during the summer vacation 暑假间15.a six-week English course 一个为期六周的英语课程。16.per week 每周17.as for 至于,关于18.including extra fee for sth. 包括……额外费用19.cover the entrance fees ..怎么样?(提出建议或用以引出活题)
20.What about..… /How about.… ……怎么样?
9.邀请类常用词汇
1. 邀请 invite/ invitation2. 做演讲 make/deliver a speech3. 评委 judge4. 感激 appreciate (vi. )/ be grateful5. 荣幸 honor (v./n.)6. 欢迎 welcome (v./n./adj.)7. 接受邀请 accept sb’s invitation8.代表学校 on behalf of our school9. 我想邀请你做... I’dlike to invite you to...10. 举办活动的目的是... The purpose of the activity is to11. 活动的细节有... Here are some details about the activity...12.如果……我将感到荣幸 It’s my honor if...13.欢迎你参加 You are welcome to... 01
普通书信
开头
I was delighted/glad to receive your letter. 很高兴收到你的来信。
Your letter came to me this morning. 我今天早上收到了你的来信。
I have received your letter of June the 29th. 我收到了你于6月29日的来信。
How nice to hear from you again. 很高兴再次收到你的来信。
How is it going?最近怎么样?
You asked me about(problem,question...),now let me give you some advice. 你在来信中询问我……,现在,让我给你一些建议。
It has been a long time since we met. 我们很久没见面了。
How time flies!It's three months since I saw you last time.时间过得真快!我们有三个月没见面了。
I'm writing to thank you for your help during my stay in America. 我写信是为了感谢你对我在美国期间的帮助。
结尾
I am looking forward to receiving your letter. 我期待你的来信。
Thank you in advance. 提前谢谢你。
Please write to me as soon as possible. 请尽快回信。
Good luck./Wish you the best of luck. 祝你好运!
With best wishes. 致以我诚挚的祝福。
Wish you success. 祝你成功。
Wish you a pleasant journey. 祝你旅途愉快。
Please remember me to your family. 请代我向你的家人问好。
I'd appreciate it if you could reply earlier. 请尽快回信,我将不胜感激。
02
感谢信
Thank you so much for... 非常感谢……
I would like to thank you from the bottom of my heart for...我由衷地感谢你……
I'm writing to express my sincere gratitude for... 写此信来表达我的诚挚谢意……
I'm grateful to you for... 因你……,我深表谢意。
I truly appreciate your... 我真诚感谢你……
Words fail to convey my gratitude to you. 我对你的感激之情难以用言语表达。
I take the opportunity to express to you my deep appreciation for... 我借此机会向你表达我深深的谢意……
It's kind and generous of you to do this for me and I do appreciate it more than I can say. 你如此善良和慷慨地帮助我,我不胜感激。
写作模板
Dear _____,
I am writing to extend my sincere gratitude for_____ _____(感谢的原因).If it had not been for your assistance in_____ _____(对方给你的具体帮助),I fear that I would have been_____ _____(没有对方帮助会产生的后果).Everyone agrees that it was you who_____(给出细节).Again,I would like to express my warm thanks to you!Please accept my gratitude.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
03
致歉信
I would like to express my apology for... 对于……,我想要表达我的歉意。
Will you be good enough to excuse me for.../Excuse me for... 请原谅我……
Please accept my sincerest and deepest apology for... 请接受我最真诚的致歉……
I'm terribly sorry to tell you that.../I regret to inform you that... 很抱歉地告诉你……
I write to you to express my deep regret. 我写此信向你表示深深的懊悔。
I am writing to apologize to you for... 我写信向你致歉,因为……
Would you mind if I...?你是否介意如果我……?
To make up my thoughtless behavior,I... 为了弥补我欠考虑的行为,我……
I wish I could be given a chance to make up for my inconsideration. 我希望你能给我一个机会来弥补我的考虑不周。
写作模板
Dear _____,
I am truly sorry that_____ _____(道歉的原因).The reason is that_____(介绍原因).Once again,I am sorry for any inconvenience I've caused. Hope you can accept my apologies and understand my situation.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
04
邀请信
I am pleased to invite you to attend.../It's a pleasure for me to invite you to attend... 我很荣幸能邀请你参加……
I wonder if you could come... 你是否能来……
My family and I would feel honored if you could come. 如果你能来,我和家人会倍感荣幸。
I am sure that you will enjoy yourself here. 相信你能在这儿过得愉快。
I am writing on behalf of all the students of our department to invite you to give a lecture on... 我代表全系学生邀请您为我们就……进行讲座。
We look forward to seeing you. 我们期待见到你。
We would be looking forward to your participation in the party. 我们期待你参加聚会。
We would be very grateful if you could give a talk on... 我们会万分感激如果你能就……进行讲座。
写作模板
Dear _____,
There will be a _____(内容)at/in _____(地点)on _____(时间).We would be honored to have you there with us.The occasion will start at _____(具体时间).This will be followed by a _____(进一步的安排).At around _____(时间),we will have _____(另一个安排).I really hope you can make it.RSVP before _____(通知你的最后期限).
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
05
建议信I am writing to express my views concerning... 我写此信来表达我关于……的观点。You have asked me for my advice about...,and I will try to make some conducive suggestions. 对于你来信问我关于……的事,现提供几条有益的建议。I would like to suggest that... 我建议……Why not.../Why don't you...?为何不……?I think it will be a good idea/more beneficial if you could... 我认为……是个好办法/有利的。It's important to.../It helps to...It should be a good idea to... 很重要/有帮助/是个好主意。I am writing to put up some suggestions concerning... 我提出几条有关于……的建议。Please take good consideration of my advice.Thanks. 请仔细考虑我的建议,谢谢。I hope you will find these proposals/suggestions/recommendations helpful /useful. 希望这些建议对你有帮助。Thank you for your attention. 感谢你对此事的关注。
写作模板
Dear _____,
You have asked me for my advice with regard to _____,and I will try to make some conducive suggestions here.In my humble(谦虚的)opinion,you would be wise to take the following actions: _____(建议的内容).I hope you will find these proposals useful,and I would be ready to discuss this matter with you to further details.Good luck with your _____(祝愿).
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
06
申请信I wish to apply for a position of which you advertised in today's newspaper. 我想申请你们今天报纸上刊登的广告中的一个职位。I have learned from a friend that... 我从一个朋友那得知……I shall be glad to provide you with any further information concerning my education and personal experience. 我很乐意提供关于我的教育及个人经验方面的更多信息。My name is...I graduated from...university in...,majoring in...我的名字是……。我毕业于……大学,专业是……I am confident my professional knowledge has prepared me to handle the job. 我相信我的专业知识能让我胜任这份工作。I am skilled in/good at... 我擅长……I had good performance in every course,especially in... 我每门课成绩都很好,特别是……I trust that I am capable of doing the work well. 我相信我能干好这份工作。I believe that I am well qualified for the position as... 我相信我定能胜任作为……的工作。
写作模板
Dear Sir or Madam,
I write this letter to apply for the position that you have advertised in_____ _____(报纸名称)of _____(广告发布时间).Not only do I have the qualifications for this job,but I also have the right personality for a_____(工作名称).On one hand,_____ _____(第一个原因).On the other hand,_____(另一个原因).Should you grant me a personal interview,I would be most grateful. If you need to know more about me,please feel free to contact me at any time at_____ _____(电话号码).Thank you for considering my application,and I am looking forward to meeting you.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
07
发言稿
开头
Good morning/afternoon,everyone/ladies and gentlemen.大家/女士们,先生们早上/下午好。I feel very much honored to have a chance here to make a speech on the subject... 我非常荣幸能有这样一个机会做关于……的演讲。It's my honor to stand here to share with you my opinion on... 我很荣幸站在这里和大家分享我就……的一些看法。What I'm talking about today is... 我今天谈的是……It's nice to speak about... 很高兴谈论……I'd like to tell you something about... 我想告诉你一些关于……的事。Please let me give you a brief introduction about... 请允许我向你简短介绍一下关于……
主体
As we all know.../As is known to us all.../It is wellknown to us all that... 众所周知,……As far as...is concerned... 就……而言……From this point of view,...由此来看,……On account of this,we can... 由于这一点,我们可以……No one can deny the fact that.../There is no denying the fact that... 不可否认的事实是……As the proverb says,... 正如谚语所说,……What calls for special attention is that... 需要特别注意的是……Nothing is more important than the fact that... 最重要的是……The thing we should do is to.../What we should do is.../It is our duty to... 我们应当做的是……
结尾
All things considered/In short/In a word... 总而言之……If everyone...,I believe... 如果每个人……,我相信……In my opinion,we should try to... 依我看来,我们应当努力……Only in this way can we... 只有通过这种方式,我们才能够……Last but not least,it's everyone's responsibility to... 最后但同样重要的是,……是每个人的责任。If you...,you will... 如果你……,你将会……
写作模板
Good afternoon,ladies and gentlemen.Today I would like to talk about _____(提出话题).First of all,_____(叙述一).Secondly,_____(叙述二).When we _____(提出条件),we should _____(提出计划).If everyone _____,I believe _____(自己的感想).Thank you for listening!
08
日记
格式
Monday,Tuesday.../Oct.1,2015(星期,日期)rainy,cloudy,sunny,fine,warm(天气)
正文
Today is Tree Planting Day. 今天是植树节。Firstly...,Secondly..., Thirdly...,at first,afterwards,then,later on,soon,finally,at last(表示事情先后顺序的词语)at 7:30 in the morning 早晨7:30On my way to...this morning,...今天早晨,我在去……的路上……It is Sunday today.This morning,we had a voluntary activity... 今天是星期天。早晨,我们有个自发的活动……We visited...with... 我们和……一起参观了……
结尾
From the experience we have learned a lot. 通过这次经历,我们学到了很多。I benefited a lot from the activity. 我从此次活动中获益颇多。We can realize that... 我们能够意识到……What an unforgettable experience!多么令人难忘的一次经历!What a fine day!多么美好的一天!This is the lesson we should learn. 这是我们应当吸取的教训。Though tired,I felt very happy. 虽然很累,但我很高兴。
写作模板
_____(星期,日期)_____(天气)
_____(标题)
Today/Yesterday,I/we_____(事件).In the morning,we_____.Then,_____,after that_____.By the time_____.Finally_____(具体叙述事情经过).We had a good time.I'll never forget the memorable day!From this activity,I have learned that_____(事件意义,自己的感想).What a meaningful day!
09
通知
常用词语
give a talk 做演讲give a concert 开音乐会hold a meeting/class/celebration 举办会议/开展一堂课/举行庆祝活动attend a meeting/sports meet/lecture 参加会议/运动会/讲座have a class/a meeting/discussion上课/开会/讨论make a trip 旅行set up a club 成立一个俱乐部set out(for)/arrive at...出发去/到达……show sb.around/visit a place 带领某人参观某地meet at the gate of 在……的大门处见面go to a concert/the movies/the theatre/the cinema 去听音乐会/看电影join sb.in/take part in 参加
常用开头语
Ladies and gentlemen/Boys and girls,may I have your attention,please!女士们,先生们/男孩们,女孩们,请注意!Attention,please!请注意!Be quiet,please!请安静!Listen,please.There is going to be... 请大家听我说……有一个……Excuse me,everyone!I'd like to tell you that... 各位,打扰一下。我想要告诉大家……I have an announcement to make. 我要宣布一个消息。I have something important to tell you. 我有重要的事情告诉大家。
常用句型
There is going to be a talk on... 有一个关于……的演讲。The meeting will be held in.../A lecture will be given at... 会议/演讲将会在……举行。We are going to hold a discussion over... 我们将会就……进行讨论。The Dream Club has decided to hold a meeting on... 梦幻俱乐部会就……举行会议。All the members are expected to attend it. 所有的成员都要出席。Everyone will be welcome. 欢迎各位到来。You are required to take notes during the lecture. 讲座期间,请做笔记。Please be there on time./Please attend it on time. 请准时出席。Make sure that you.../Be sure to... 确保……That's all.Thank you./Thank you for listening. 就是这样。谢谢。/感谢倾听。
写作模板
1.书面通知
NOTICE/Notice(标题)
Date(通知发布日期)
In order to _____(目的),_____(事件)will be held _____ _____(具体地点、时间).The_____(事件大体内容).Those who_____(要求).
All are welcome to come.
The School Students' Union(发布通知者)
2.口头通知
Boys and girls/Ladies and gentlemen/Friends(称呼),
May I have your attention,please I have an announcement to make.
_____(事件)will be held_____(地点、时间).The_____(内容).All the teachers and students are required_____(要求).
That's all.Thank you.
10
报道
常用词语
hot news 最新消息journalist 记者contributor 投稿者report 报道feedback 反馈cover the event 报道这件事said/revealed/announced/quoted 说,显示witness 见证at present/currently/nowadays 目前these years 这些年in the past several decades 在过去的几十年里
常用句型
It was reported/learnt/announced that... 据报道/据悉/据宣布……Thanks to/Owing to/Due to... 由于……With the rapid development/progress of...,great changes have taken place in... 随着……的飞速发展/进步,……已经发生了巨大变化。With the arrival of the information age/knowledge economy age... 随着信息时代/知识经济时代的到来,……In the past few years,there has been... 在过去的几年里,……Nowadays more and more people begin to realize/be aware of/notice the importance of... 现今,越来越多的人开始意识到……的重要性。Recently the issue/problem of...has been brought into focus/brought to public attention/concern.According to the survey/investigation/analysis/report released/made by...there is a(n)growing/increasing/declining number of... 根据……的调查/分析/报道,……的数量正在增加/减少。
写作模板
Headline(标题)
On National Day_____went to_____(导语:揭示核心内容).Upon their arrival_____.Then they_____When_____(正文:对事件或人物进行详细描写).What they did has_____(结束语:概括、总结或预测)1. afraid / fre d/ (adj.) 害怕的;担心的 - The little girl is afraid of dogs. 这个小女孩怕狗。
2. angry / ɡri/ (adj.) 生气的;愤怒的 - He was angry because someone stole his bike. 他很生气,因为有人偷了他的自行车。
3. amazed / me zd/ (adj.) 大为惊奇的 - We were amazed by the beautiful scenery. 我们对这美丽的景色感到大为惊奇。
4. annoyed / n d/ (adj.) 恼怒的;烦闷的 - He was annoyed because his phone was out of power. 他因为手机没电而恼怒。
5. anxious / k s/ (adj.) 焦虑的;担忧的 - She is always anxious about her exams. 她总是为考试感到焦虑。
6. ashamed / e md/ (adj.) 羞愧的;惭愧的 - He felt ashamed of his mistake. 他为自己的错误感到羞愧。
7. astonished / st n t/ (adj.) 吃惊的;惊讶的 - I was astonished to see him here. 我很惊讶在这里见到他。
8. awkward / kw d/ (adj.) 尴尬的;笨拙的 - There was an awkward moment when they met. 他们见面时出现了尴尬的一刻。
9. bored /b d/ (adj.) 厌烦的;不感兴趣的 - The boy was bored with the long lecture. 这个男孩对冗长的讲座感到厌烦。
10. brave /bre v/ (adj.) 勇敢的;无畏的 - The brave soldier saved many lives. 这位勇敢的士兵拯救了许多生命。
11. calm /kɑ m/ (adj.) 平静的;沉着的;(v.) 使平静;使镇定 - Stay calm, everything will be okay. 保持冷静,一切都会好的。
12. cheerful / t fl/ (adj.) 高兴的;快乐的 - She has a cheerful smile. 她有着快乐的笑容。
fortable / k mft bl/ (adj.) 舒适的;舒服的 - This bed is very comfortable. 这张床非常舒服。
14. confident / k nf d nt/ (adj.) 自信的;确信的 - He is confident of success. 他对成功充满信心。
15. content /k n tent/ (adj.) 满足的;满意的 - They seem content with their simple life. 他们似乎对自己简单的生活很满足。
16. crazy / kre zi/ (adj.) 疯狂的;狂热的 - She is crazy about music. 她对音乐很痴迷。
17. curious / kj ri s/ (adj.) 好奇的;求知欲强的 - The children are curious about the new toy. 孩子们对这个新玩具感到好奇。
18. delighted /d la t d/ (adj.) 高兴的;欣喜的 - We were delighted to hear the good news. 听到这个好消息我们很高兴。
19. depressed /d prest/ (adj.) 沮丧的;抑郁的 - He has been feeling depressed recently. 他最近一直感到沮丧。
20. disappointed / d s p nt d/ (adj.) 失望的;沮丧的 - She was disappointed with the gift. 她对这份礼物感到失望。
21. discouraged /d s k r d d/ (adj.) 气馁的;沮丧的 - Don't be discouraged by failure. 不要因失败而气馁。
22. embarrassed / m b r st/ (adj.) 尴尬的;窘迫的 - He was embarrassed when he forgot his lines. 他忘记台词时感到很尴尬。
23. excited / k sa t d/ (adj.) 兴奋的;激动的 - The kids are excited about the party. 孩子们对这个派对感到兴奋。
24. exhausted / ɡ z st d/ (adj.) 筋疲力尽的;疲惫不堪的 - After a long day's work, I'm exhausted. 工作一整天后,我筋疲力尽。
25. fascinated / f s ne t d/ (adj.) 着迷的;被深深吸引的 - She is fascinated by the story. 她被这个故事深深吸引。
26. fierce /f s/ (adj.) 激烈的;凶猛的;狂热的 - There was a fierce battle. 发生了一场激烈的战斗。
27. frightened / fra tnd/ (adj.) 害怕的;受惊的 - The frightened rabbit ran away quickly. 受惊的兔子飞快地跑开了。
28. frustrated /fr stre t d/ (adj.) 沮丧的;失意的;挫败的 - He was frustrated with the difficult problem. 他对这个难题感到很挫败。
29. glad /ɡl d/ (adj.) 高兴的;乐意的 - I'm glad to help you. 我很乐意帮助你。
30. gloomy / ɡlu mi/ (adj.) 忧郁的;沮丧的;阴暗的 - The gloomy weather made him feel sad. 阴沉的天气让他感到难过。
31. grateful / ɡre tl/ (adj.) 感激的;感谢的 - She is grateful to her friends for their support. 她感激朋友们的支持。
32. guilty / ɡ lti/ (adj.) 内疚的;有罪的 - He felt guilty for lying. 他因撒谎而感到内疚。
33. happy / h pi/ (adj.) 幸福的;高兴的 - They live a happy life. 他们过着幸福的生活。
34. homesick / h ms k/ (adj.) 想家的;思乡的 - The boy is homesick for his family. 这个男孩因想家而思念家人。
35. hopeful / h pfl/ (adj.) 有希望的;充满希望的 - We are hopeful about the future. 我们对未来充满希望。
36. horrified / h r fa d/ (adj.) 惊骇的;带有恐怖感的 - They were horrified by the accident. 他们被这场事故吓坏了。
37. impatient / m pe nt/ (adj.) 不耐烦的;没有耐心的 - He was impatient waiting for the bus. 他等公交车时很不耐烦。
38. interested / ntr st d/ (adj.) 感兴趣的;关心的 - I'm interested in painting. 我对绘画感兴趣。
39. irritated / r te t d/ (adj.) 恼怒的;生气的 - He was irritated by the noise. 他被噪音惹恼了。
40. jealous / d el s/ (adj.) 嫉妒的;羡慕的;猜疑的 - She is jealous of her sister's new dress. 她羡慕姐姐的新裙子。
41. joyful / d fl/ (adj.) 快乐的;令人高兴的 - It was a joyful day. 那是快乐的一天。
42. keen /ki n/ (adj.) 渴望的;热衷的;敏锐的 - He is keen on sports. 他热衷于运动。
43. lonely / l nli/ (adj.) 孤独的;寂寞的 - The old man lives a lonely life. 这位老人过着孤独的生活。
44. miserable / m zr bl/ (adj.) 痛苦的;悲惨的;可怜的 - The poor man had a miserable life. 这个可怜的人过着悲惨的生活。
45. moved /mu vd/ (adj.) 感动的 - We were moved by his story. 我们被他的故事感动了。
46. nervous / n v s/ (adj.) 神经紧张的;焦虑的 - She is nervous before the interview. 她在面试前很紧张。
47. nostalgic /n st ld k/ (adj.) 怀旧的;乡愁的 - He felt nostalgic when he saw the old photos. 他看到这些旧照片时感到怀旧。
48. optimistic / pt m st k/ (adj.) 乐观的;乐观主义的 - He is an optimistic person. 他是个乐观的人。
49. overjoyed / v d d/ (adj.) 欣喜若狂的;极度高兴的 - She was overjoyed to win the prize. 她因获奖而欣喜若狂。
50. panicked / p n kt/ (adj.) 恐慌的;惊慌失措的 - The panicked crowd ran in all directions. 惊慌失措的人群四散奔逃。
51. peaceful / pi sfl/ (adj.) 和平的;平静的;安宁的 - They spent a peaceful evening at home. 他们在家度过了一个宁静的夜晚。
52. puzzled / p zld/ (adj.) 困惑的;茫然的 - He looked puzzled when he heard the question. 他听到这个问题时看起来很困惑。
53. proud /pra d/ (adj.) 自豪的;骄傲的 - His parents are proud of him. 他的父母为他感到自豪。
54. relaxed /r l kst/ (adj.) 放松的;自在的 - After the vacation, I felt relaxed. 度假后,我感到很放松。
55. relieved /r li vd/ (adj.) 感到宽慰的;放心的 - We were relieved to know that he was safe. 得知他平安无事,我们松了一口气。
56. regretful /r ɡretfl/ (adj.) 后悔的;遗憾的 - She is regretful for what she did. 她为自己的所作所为感到后悔。
57. sad /s d/ (adj.) 难过的;悲哀的 - He was sad because his pet died. 他因为宠物去世而难过。
58. scared /ske d/ (adj.) 害怕的;恐惧的 - The child is scared of the dark. 这个孩子怕黑。
59. shocked / kt/ (adj.) 震惊的;震撼的 - Everyone was shocked by the news. 每个人都被这个消息震惊了。
60. shy / a / (adj.) 害羞的;腼腆的 - The girl is too shy to speak in public. 这个女孩太害羞,不敢在公共场合讲话。
61. sorrowful / s r fl/ (adj.) 悲伤的;使人悲伤的 - The sorrowful song made her cry. 这首悲伤的歌让她哭了。
62. sorry / s ri/ (adj.) 难过的;抱歉的;遗憾的 - I'm sorry to hear that you're not feeling well. 听说你身体不舒服我很难过。
63. stable / ste bl/ (adj.) 稳定的;平稳的;沉稳的 - The economy is in a stable condition. 经济状况稳定。
64. stressed /strest/ (adj.) 紧张的;感到有压力的 - She is stressed about her work. 她因工作感到压力很大。
65. surprised /s pra zd/ (adj.) 感到惊讶的;出人意料的 - I was surprised to see him here. 我很惊讶在这里见到他。
66. sympathetic / s mp θet k/ (adj.) 同情的;有同情心的 - She is sympathetic to the poor. 她同情穷人。
67. terrified / ter fa d/ (adj.) 非常害怕的;极度惊恐的 - The terrified child held his mother's hand tightly. 惊恐的孩子紧紧抓住妈妈的手。
68. thrilled /θr ld/ (adj.) 非常兴奋的;极为激动的 - She was thrilled to meet her favorite star. 她见到自己喜欢的明星激动万分。
69. tired / ta d/ (adj.) 疲倦的;厌倦的 - I'm tired of doing the same thing every day. 我厌倦了每天做同样的事情。
70. touched /t t t/ (adj.) 受感动的;触动的 - We were touched by his kindness. 我们被他的善良所感动。
71. uneasy / n i zi/ (adj.) 心神不安的;不自在的 - She felt uneasy about the situation. 她对这种情况感到不安。
72. upset / p set/ (v.) 使心烦;使苦恼;(adj.) 心烦的;苦恼的 - The bad news upset her. 这个坏消息让她心烦意乱。
73. vain /ve n/ (adj.) 徒劳的;自负的;无结果的 - All his efforts were in vain. 他所有的努力都白费了。
74. worried / w rid/ (adj.) 担心的;发愁的 - Her parents are worried about her safety. 她的父母担心她的安全。
75.zealous / zel s/ (adj.) 热情的;积极的;狂热的
The zealous volunteers worked day and night to help the earthquake - affected areas. 热情的志愿者们日夜工作,帮助受地震影响的地区。一、常考情绪短语
喜悦快乐兴奋激动:
dance with joy 高兴地跳起来
brighten sb’s heart 使某人心情愉快
be over the moon 欣喜若狂
in high spirit 兴高采烈
a mixture of excitement and happiness 既兴奋又开心
吃惊、惊讶:
sb’s jaw dropped 目瞪口呆
come as a bolt from the blue 晴天霹雳
be shocked beyond words 惊讶的说不出话
raise the eyebrows 扬起眉毛
to one’s surprise/amazement/astonishment
令某人惊讶的是
难过伤心沮丧:
sob/weep with one’s face hidden in one’s hands
掩面啜泣
with a heavy/sinking/broken heart
怀着沉重/难过的心
in a sorrowful tone/voice
伤心的说
be low in spirit 情绪低落
cry one’s heart 悲痛欲绝
hold back tears 抑制住泪水
恐惧:
tremble with fear 吓得发抖
in cold sweat 一身冷汗
stand rooted to the spot with fear
吓得呆若木鸡
be open-mouthed with horror
吓得目瞪口呆
be dead with fright 吓得面无人色
愤怒:
glare at sb 怒视
burst into anger 勃然大怒
flush with anger /turn red with anger 气的涨红了脸
sb’s face darkens 脸黑了下来
tremble with anger 气的发抖
二、常考各部位动作短语
头部动作:
lower one’s head 低下头
lift one’s head 抬起头 =look up
with one’s head high/down 抬着头/低着头
bury one’s head in one’s hands 双手抱头
turn one’s head away 扭过头
手臂肩部动作:
take sb in one’s arms 把某人抱在怀里
throw one’s arms round one’s neck
伸出双臂搂住某人的脖子
run into one’s arms 冲进某人的怀里
take one’s arms 拉住某人的胳膊
with one’s arms folded/crossed 双臂环胸
hug sb to one’s chest 紧紧地抱在某人的胸前
give sb a warm hug 给某人一个温暖的拥抱
shoulder one’s bag 扛起某人的包
shoulder sb aside 用肩膀把某人推到一边
grasp 抓住
wave 挥舞/挥手
手部动作:
shake sb warmly by the hand 热情地握着我的手
cover one’s mouth with a fist 用拳头掩住了嘴
nod with satisfaction 满意的点了点头
thumb up 竖起了大拇指
clap one’s hands 鼓掌
pull sb away from 把某人从...拽开
pull out 拿出
hand sth. to sb. 把....递给...
pick up 拿起
place sth. into.... 把....放进.....
put one’s finger to one’s lips 把手放在某人的嘴唇上
脚部动作:
jump to one’s feet 一跃而起
rush out of 冲出
approach sth. 走近
give sth a push with a foot用脚推了...一下
plant one’s feet firmly to the spot牢牢地站在原地
lift one’s feet to leave 抬脚离开
with a sad,slow step 迈着忧伤的步子
tap/stamp one’s feet 跺着脚
腿部动作:
with one’s leg trembling 两腿发抖
his feet slip 脚下一滑
cross one’s legs 盘着腿
leap from one’s seat like a rocket
像火箭一样从座位上跳了起来
stand rooted to the ground 待在原地
feel one’s knees as weak as rubbers 双膝发软
三、常考“动词”短语
各种各样的走:
step back 后退
move towards 向...走去
slip out of bed 溜下床
tiptoe 踮起脚尖
limp away in tears 流着泪一瘸一拐地走了
pace up and down 踱来踱去
wander down to 漫步到...
make one’s way through 从...出去
storm out 怒气冲冲的走出去
march through 穿过
drag 慢腾腾的走
walk straight to sb. 径直走向某人
steal into 溜进
step forward to 走到...
creep behind 蹑手蹑脚的躲在.
各种跑:
jog around 慢跑
pause 停下
race home 飞奔回家
run,barefoot and fast 光着脚飞快的跑着
burst through 冲进
make a rush for 冲向=dash to
escape away 逃走
fly like a bird downstair 像小鸟似的下了楼梯
grab 抢走
fly into the crowds 逃进人群
squeeze onto the bus 挤上公交车
欢声笑语:
beam 眉开眼笑
grin 露齿而笑,咧嘴笑
giggle 咯咯地笑,傻笑
laugh 发出笑声,大笑
roar 放声大笑
smile 微笑
chuckle 轻声的笑,窃笑,偷笑
laugh/beam/grin/smile from ear to ear 笑的合不拢嘴
crack a wide smile 露出灿烂的微笑
beam with smiles 笑颜逐开
squeeze a weak smile 勉强一笑
smile a watery smile 含泪一笑
smile with laughter 笑的全身发抖
wear a ...smile 面露...的微笑
give a false smile 假笑
scream with laughter 放声大笑
laugh oneself to death 笑的要死
laugh one’s head off 笑掉牙
哭泣:
sob 呜咽,啜泣,呜呜的哭
mist 泪水模糊
cry 哭泣
weep 无声的流泪
have a lump in one’s throat 哽咽着
cry one’s eyes out 痛哭不止
be wet with tears 泪流满面
be choked with tears 失声痛哭
be dim with tears 泪眼模糊
turn on the water works 哇的一声哭起来
be choked with sobs 泣不成声
各种看:
look 有意识的看
see=spot 看见的结果
watch 观察,聚精会神的看
gaze 凝视,注视
stare 凝视,盯着看
glare 怒目而视
peek=peep 偷看,窥视
glance 一瞥,看一眼
gape 目瞪口呆的凝视
observe 仔细查看,端详
stare/gaze at 凝视
catch a glimpse of 瞥见
take a good/close look at 仔细看
fix/focus one’s eyes on 注视
look sb. straight in the eyes 直视某人的眼睛
各种说:
add 补充说
beg 乞求
moan 呻吟着说
answer/respond 回答,答复
ask/question 询问
explain 解释/辩解
complain 抱怨
exclaim 惊叫,呼喊
sigh 叹息地说
call 叫喊/大声说=cry=shout=yell=howl
swear 发誓/允诺
call 叫喊/大声说=cry=shout=yell=howl
murmur 低声说/咕哝
whisper 小声说
scream 尖声说
in a high/low/sweet/loud/weak voice用一个高/低/甜美/虚弱的声音
环境与场景描写语块:
风:
blow 刮,howl怒号,roar 呼啸/咆哮,kiss 亲吻, gentle/soft 轻柔地,freezing 冰冷的,strong/voilent 猛烈的,bone-chilling 刺骨的
雨:
beat against 拍打,pour down 倾盆,fall 落下;feathery 鹅毛般地
雪:
dance 跳舞,float/fall 飘落,melt away 融化,blanket 裹住
星星:
shine 发光,twinkle 闪耀 decorate 装饰 hide 躲藏 shining/glowing 亮闪闪的
太阳:
come out 出来,rise 升起,set 落下,flood in 照射进来,warm 温暖的, burning 火辣辣的
汪星人:
狗狗:smell/sniff 嗅
bark/yap/yelp 狗吠
growl 低吼
lick 舔
scratch 抓/挠
wag the tail 摇尾巴
prick up the ears 把耳朵竖起来
hold it tightly with the paws 用爪子紧紧抓住
raise its whole body on its hind legs 用后腿支起全身
rest the nose in its paws 把鼻子搁在爪子里
bite the corner of the coat 咬住衣角
喵星人:
猫咪:a fluffy little kitten 一只毛茸茸的小猫
fall on its back 摔得四脚朝天
arch its back 弓背
the contented purrs 满足的呼噜声
make a soft meow 轻轻地喵了一声
shake the whole body 抖动全身
动物与自然:
熊/狼/虎:
growl/roar 咆哮
howl 嚎叫
fierce 凶猛的
charge 向...冲去
sink his teeth into 咬住
the wolf pack 狼群
at top speed 高速地
sniff with curiosity 好奇的嗅
thrust one’s head forward 把头向前伸
马/骑马:
rear 后腿直立
trot 小跑
gallop飞奔
neigh 嘶鸣
pet 抚摸
take off 起跑
toss its head 甩头
鸟/鱼/虫:
chirp 发出啁啾声
circle 盘旋
settle 栖息
flutter 翅膀拍打的声音
swim away from 游走
spread out 展开
settle down 安顿下来
四、常考与天气有关词汇和短语:
sunny阳光明媚的
mild温和的
windy风大的
wet有雨的
stormy有暴风雨的
clear晴朗的
cold寒冷的
damp潮湿的
snowy下雪的
foggy有雾的
rainy多雨的
hot炎热的
warm温暖的
hot炎热的
frosty霜冻的
阴阴沉沉的 dull and cloudy
寒风刺骨的 sharp / cold wind
乌云密布的 be covered with dark clouds / black clouds
繁星点点的 be spotted with stars
烟雾弥漫的 be filled with sick smoke.
阳光洒满房间 with bright sunshine flooding the room
沐浴着阳光 bathe in the sunshine
下着倾盆大雨 rain cats and dogs
雨水滋润着大地 the rain soak into the fields
天空放晴了 the sky has cleared up
吹来一阵清风 with a fresh breeze blowing
情绪性格常用词汇:
1. discouraged沮丧的
2. ashamed羞耻的、惭愧的
3. ignorant无知的,愚昧的
4. disappointed失望的、灰心的
5. amazing令人惊奇的
6. anxious焦虑的,担心的.
7. flustered慌张的;激动不安的
8. astonished感到惊讶的、吃惊的
9. shocked感到震惊的
10. untroubled无烦恼的,没有忧虑的
11. mean吝啬的、刻薄的
12.stupid愚蠢的
13.nerve-wracking令人焦虑不安的,非常伤脑筋的
14.surprised 惊讶的
15.annoying令人生气的
16. closed-off封闭的
17.heavy-hearted 心情沉重的
18 .warm-hearted 热心的
19. bitter痛苦的
20. overjoyed欣喜若狂的
21. amused愉快的
22. frightened 害怕的,受惊的
23. naughty顽皮的
24. ambitious有抱负的、有雄心的
25. angry生气的
26. thankful感激的
27. foolish 愚蠢的
28. satisfied满意的
29. optimistic乐观的
30. selfish自私的、自利的
31. righteous正直的
32. innocent天真无邪的!
33 .embarrassed 尴尬的
34.gloomy无望的、黑暗的
35. exhausted筋疲力尽的
36.rude无礼的、粗鲁的
37.weathered风化的.饱经沧桑的
38.lazy懒惰的
39.regretful后悔的,遗憾的
40.hateful讨厌的
41.doubtful怀疑的
42.hospitable 好客的
43.poor贫穷的,匮乏的
44.sorrowful悲伤的,悲痛的
45. nervous紧张的 n&v
46.cautious小心的,谨慎的.
47.reasonable合理的、公道的
48.horrible可怕的、讨厌的
49.strange奇怪的、陌生的
50. well-intentioned出于好心的
51.alarm惊恐.警告n.
52.severe严厉的.苛刻的
53.insulting侮辱的、无礼的
54.aggrieved受委屈的
55. emotion情绪
56. sanguine乐观的
57.mood心情n
58. fascinated着迷的
59. depressed 郁闷的
60. thought-provoking引人深思的
61. self-confidence 自信心
62. awesome令人敬畏的
63. thrilled非常兴奋的
64. unbearable无法忍受的
65. loyal忠诚的
66. pleasant令人愉快的
67. fair公正的、秉公办事的
68. pleased高兴的
69. outstanding优秀的、杰出的
70. humorous有幽默感的
71. clever聪明的
72. intelligent聪明的
73. brave勇敢的
74. painstaking刻苦的,n苦莫勉
75. considerate
76. sensitive敏感的、过敏的
77. sharp敏锐的
78. curious好奇的
79. measures of well-being幸福感
80. fulfilled满足的的
81. limp无力的
82. sincere真诚的
83. diligent勤劳的
84.generous慷慨大方的
85.shallow浮浅的
86.ragged衣着破烂的
87.adorable可爱的
88. trivial琐碎的、平常的
89.sweet令人愉快的
90.desperate绝望的
91. clumsy笨拙的
92. mature成熟的
93.knowledgeable知识渊博的
94.beloved深爱的
95.casual马虎的
96. healthy健全的、健康的.完美的孔
97.chaotic记混乱的一、考情剖析
近几年全国卷书面表达特点:
1. 写作形式大多为提纲类作文。提纲类作文形式要求学生既不能照搬提纲翻译,又不能漫无边际地增加细节,因此提纲类作文能充分考查学生的逻辑能力及文章结构布局能力。
2. 所选题材和学生的日常生活密切相关。高考作文话题一般涉及中学生的学习、生活以及他们所熟悉的社会话题。这些话题大多具有“生活化”的气息,体现了英语的实用性。
3. 以书信或电子邮件应用文为考查重点,100 词左右,整体来说,写作难度不大。考查用英语遣词造句、组织语言及谋篇布局的能力。建议在备考时,在重点训练书信应用文的基础上,还要强化对其他类型作文的训练,以防 2025 年高考考查形式发生变化。
二、阅卷反馈
高考书面表达常见错误一栏失分原因:
要点缺失不全面;语法使用不准确;
英语表述不得体;行文逻辑不连贯;
词汇句式不丰富;表达啰嗦不简洁;
卷面马虎不整洁。
在书写书面表达时,学生须警惕两种常见错误:词汇类错误和语法类错误。
1. 词汇类错误
(1)单词拼写错误
很多基础不扎实的学生,总是混淆一些形近词,或者拼写出根本不存在的单词。这要求学生记忆单词的时候一定要到位。如:
Our English teacher is friendly but quite struck/stick/strick with us students.
分析: 句中表达的是“对我们学生要求严格”,应该将 struck/stick/strick 改为 strict。
知识拓展:struck 是 strike 的过去式和过去分词,意为“罢工”。strick 作为名词,意为“树枝,枝条;棍;球棒”。
(2)词形变化错误
这一类的错误尤其出现在一些不规则的动词变化和名词复数形式变化中。如:
People throwed cans, bags, rubbish and so on into the river, resulting in more serious pollution.
分析:此处表示“人们向河里扔金属罐、塑料袋、垃圾等”,表示“扔”的动词“throw”,其过去式形式为 threw,应该将此处的 throwed 改为 threw。
再如:
There were piles of fallen leafes on the ground.
分析:此处表示“地上有一堆堆的落叶”,leaf 的复数形式为 leaves,应该将此处的 leafes 改为 leaves。
知识拓展:
1)英语中许多以-f 或-fe 结尾的名词,其复数形式是将 f 或 fe 改为 v 之后,再加 es。如:
knife—knives, wife—wives, half—halves, wolf—wolves, life—lives, thief—thieves。
2)有些以-f 或-fe 结尾的名词,其复数形式是直接在后面加-s。如:belief—beliefs,
roof—roofs, cliff—cliffs, safe—safes(保险柜), gulf—gulfs。
3)有些以-f 或-fe 结尾的名词,既可把 f 或 fe 改为 v 之后,再加 es,也可以直接加 s。如:
handkerchief—handkerchiefs 或 handkerchieves。
(3)词性运用错误
这一类错误在写作中很常见。很多学生在记单词的时候没有记清楚词性,同时对于不同的词类该如何使用也比较模糊。学生常常按照单词的意思硬生生地将单词用到句子里。要解决这一类的错误,首先需要掌握不同词性的基本用法。如:
During the winter vacation, I spent half a month in the country, playing with my friends happy.
分析:句中表达的是“与我的朋友们快乐地玩耍”,要用副词修饰动词词组 play with,应该将 happy 改为 happily。
知识拓展:
1)修饰动词、动词词组、副词、形容词、整个句子等,要用副词。
2)副词置于 be 动词、助动词及情态动词之后,置于实义动词之前。如果实义动词后有宾语,则放于宾语之后。
3)副词修饰形容词、副词时,一般放在被修饰词之前,但 enough 除外。
4)疑问副词、连接副词、关系副词以及修饰整个句子的副词等,通常放在句子或从句的句首。
(4)固定用法错误
单词的搭配和习惯用法一定要记清楚,不要受中式英语的影响。如:
We lost our game, but we didn’t lose our heart.
分析:该句表达的是“虽然我们输了比赛,但是我们并不灰心”,应将 lose our heart 中的our 去掉。
知识拓展:
英语中许多看着相似的搭配,实际上意思相差很多。如:lose heart 意为“灰心”,lose one’s heart (to)意为“爱上,痴心于,钟情于”。out of question 意为“没有问题”,out of the question 意为“不可能”。
(5)搭配不当问题
受中式英语的影响,使用英语时产生各种错误搭配,包括:形容词和名词搭配不当,动词和介词、副词搭配不当,介词和宾语搭配不当等。如:
We walked a far way before reaching the final destination.
分析:句中表达的是“一段很长的路”,表示路程,应该将 far 改为 long。
知识拓展:
1)far 可表示空间上的“遥远,远方”,也可表示时间上的“久远”,通常用作副词。
2)long 表示距离和时间的“长”。如:a long way/time 意为“一段很长的路/很长的时间”。
Under the help of the teacher, I have made great progress in English.
分析:句中表达的是“在老师的帮助下”,应将 Under 改为 With。
知识拓展:
1)under 意为“在……下面”,表示的是具体的方位,如:under the tree 意为“在树下”。
2)在短语 with the help of(在……的帮助下)中,with 不是表示真的在某物的下面,而是表示在某种情况下。
3)with 还可以表示伴随,如:with the development of 意为“随着……的发展”。
2. 语法类错误
(1)时态错误
在审题时首先确定文章的主时态非常重要。一些学生写作的时候经常用错时态,导致前后不一致。如:
In the afternoon, we had cycled to the nearest mountain, where we had a picnic.
分析:根据时间状语 in the afternoon,可知需用一般过去时,而不是过去完成时,故须将第一个 had 去掉。
知识拓展:
一般现在时、一般过去时和过去完成时的区别:
1)一般现在时常表示经常发生的事情,经常性的动作或一般性事实和状态,与副词
sometimes, often, usually, always, every day/year/month, once/twice/three times a day 等时间状语
连用。
注意:一般现在时也可以表示客观真理、科学原理、自然现象等客观事实或格言及谚语等。
2)一般过去式仅仅表示过去发生的动作或状态。如:She played basketball yesterday.
3)过去完成时表示一个动作在过去某个动作之前已经发生,侧重“过去的过去”,是一个
相对的时态。如:When I got to the station, the bus had already left.
(2)语态错误
有些学生在写作时分不清主动语态和被动语态,因而出现种种错误。如:Children who raise
in poor families can generally deal with problems more efficiently in their adult years.
分析:句中 who 引导定语从句,从句中的谓语动词 raise 意为“抚养”,与先行词 children
之间为动宾关系。故需将 raise 改成 are raised。
(3)主谓一致错误
主语和谓语的单复数不一致,也是作文中常见的错误。如:In the bedroom there are a bed,
a desk and a chair.
分析:there be 句型中的主谓一致遵循“就近原则”,即根据最靠近 be 动词的主语的单复数来确定谓语的单复数,故需将句中的 are 改成 is。
知识拓展:
常见的需要遵循“就近原则”的表达:
1)there be 句型 2)not only...but also...不但……而且…… 3)neither...nor...两者都不 4)
either...or...或者……或者…… 5)not...but...不是……而是……
(4)句子结构不完整
在定语从句以及需要双宾语的动词结构中,往往缺少谓语、定语或者宾语等成分。如:
I’d like to communicate with students come from other countries.
分析:句中“来自外国的”应该是作后置定语,故可在 students 后加上 who 变成定语从句;或去掉 come,用介词短语作后置定语;或将 come 改成 coming,用现在分词作后置定语。一、开头句型
As far as ... is concerned
就……而言
It goes without saying that ...
不言而喻……
It can be said with certainty that ...
可以肯定地说……
As the proverb says, ...
正如谚语所说的……
It has to be noticed that ...
必须注意到……
It's generally recognized that ...
普遍认为……
It's likely that ...
这可能是因为……
It's hardly that ...
这是很难的……
It's hardly too much to say that ...
很难说……
What calls for special attention is that ...
需要特别注意的是……
There's no denying the fact that ...
毫无疑问,无可否认……
Nothing is more important than the fact that ...
没有什么比这更重要的是……
What's far more important is that...
更重要的是……
二、衔接句型
A case in point is ...
一个典型的例子是……
As is often the case, ...
通常情况下……
As stated in the previous paragraph, ...
如前段所述……
But the problem is not so simple. Therefore ...
然而问题并非如此简单,所以……
But it's a pity that ...
但遗憾的是……
For all that ...
对于这一切……
In spite of the fact that ...
尽管事实……
Further, we hold opinion that...
此外,我们坚持认为……
However, the difficulty lies in ...
然而,困难在于……
Similarly, we should pay attention to ...
同样,我们要注意……
not (that) ... but (that) ...
不是……,而是……
In view of the present station, ...
鉴于目前形势,……
As has been mentioned above ...
正如上面所提到的……
In this respect, we may as well (say) ...
从这个角度上我们可以说……
However, we have to look at the other side of the coin, that is ...
然而我们还得看到事物的另一方面,即……
三、结尾句型
I will conclude by saying ...
最后我要说……
Therefore, we have the reason to believe that ...
因此,我们有理由相信……
All things considered, ...
总而言之……
It may be safely said that ...
可以有把握地说……
Therefore, in my opinion, it's more advisable ...
因此,在我看来,更可取的是……
From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that ...
通过以上讨论,我们可以得出结论……
The data/statistics/figures lead us to the conclusion that ...
通过数据我们得到的结论是,……
It can be concluded from the discussion that ...
从中我们可以得出这样的结论……
From my point of view, it would be better if ...
在我看来,……也许更好。
四、常用于引言段的句型
Some people think that ...
有些人认为……
For years, ... has been seen as ..., but things are quite different now.
多年来,……一直被视为……,但今天的情况有很大的不同。
I believe the title statement is valid because ...
我认为这个论点是正确的,因为……
I cannot entirely agree with the idea that ...
我无法完全同意……这个观点。
My argument for this view goes as follows ...
我对这个问题的看法如下……
Along with the development of ..., more and more ...
随着……的发展,越来越多……
There is a long-running debate as to whether ...
关于是否……,一直以来都有争论。
It is commonly/generally/widely believed /held/accepted/recognized that...
通常认为……
As far as I am concerned, I completely agree with the former/latter.
就我而言,我完全同意前者/后者。
Before giving my opinion, I think it is essential to look at the argument of both sides.
在给出我的观点之前,我想有必要看看双方的论据。
五、演绎法常用的句型
There are several reasons for ..., but in general, they come down to three major ones.
……有几个原因,但一般,他们可以归结为三个主要的。
There are many factors that may account for ..., but the following are the most typical ones.
有许多因素可能解释……,但以下是最典型的。
Many ways can contribute to solving this problem, but the following ones may be most effective.
有很多方法可以解决这个问题,但下面的可能是最有效的。
Generally, the advantages can be listed as follows.
一般来说,这些优势可以列举如下。
The reasons are as follows.
原因如下。
六、举例句型
Let's take... to illustrate this.
Let's take the above chart as an example to illustrate this.
Here is one more example.
Take ... for example.
The same is true of ...
This offers a typical instance of ...
We may quote a common example of ...
Just think of ...
七、表示比较和对比的常用句型
A is completely / totally / entirely different from B.
A and B are different in some/every way/respect/aspect.
A and B differ in...
A differs from B in...
The difference between A and B is/lies in/exists in ...
Compared with/In contrast to/Unlike A, B ...
A ..., on the other hand,/in contrast,/while/whereas B ...
While it is generally believed that A ..., I believe B ...
Despite their similarities, A and B are also different.
Both A and B ... However, A...; on the other hand, B ...
The most striking difference is that A ..., while B ...
八、因果推理法常用句型
Because/Since we read the book, we have learned a lot.
If we read the book, we would learn a lot.
We read the book; as a result / therefore / thus / hence / consequently / for this reason / because of this, we've learned a lot.
As a result of / Because of /Due to / Owing to reading the book, we've learned a lot.
The cause of / reason for overweight is eating too much.
Overweight is caused by /due to / because of eating too much.
The effect/consequence/result of eating too much is overweight.
Eating too much causes / results in / leads to overweight. A-C 组
1. address
- 常见义:地址
- 生僻义:演讲(n.);处理(问题)(v.)
- 例句:The president will address the nation tonight.(总统今晚将发表全国演讲。)
2. appreciate
- 常见义:感激
- 生僻义:增值(v.);理解(v.)
- 例句:The value of the house has appreciated over time.(房子的价值已随时间增值。)
3. bank
- 常见义:银行
- 生僻义:河岸(n.);依赖(v.,搭配 bank on)
- 例句:We sat on the bank of the river.(我们坐在河岸边。)
4. current
- 常见义:当前的(adj.)
- 生僻义:水流/电流(n.)
- 例句:The current carried the boat downstream.(水流将小船冲向下游。)
5. check
- 常见义:检查(v.);支票(n.)
- 生僻义:抑制/阻止(v.);方格图案(n.)
- 例句:The government needs to check the spread of the disease.(政府需阻止疾病蔓延。)
D-F 组
1. develop
- 常见义:发展(v.)
- 生僻义:患(病)(v.);冲洗(照片)(v.)
- 例句:She developed a serious illness.(她患了重病。)
2. engage
- 常见义:从事(v.)
- 生僻义:订婚(v.);吸引(注意力)(v.)
- 例句:The story engaged the readers’ interest.(故事吸引了读者的兴趣。)
3. fair
- 常见义:公平的(adj.);集市(n.)
- 生僻义:白皙的(adj.);晴朗的(天气)(adj.)
- 例句:She has fair skin and blue eyes.(她皮肤白皙,眼睛湛蓝。)
4. figure
- 常见义:数字(n.)
- 生僻义:人物(n.);认为(v.,搭配 figure out)
- 例句:I can’t figure out why he left.(我想不通他为什么离开。)
G-M 组
1. ground
- 常见义:地面(n.)
- 生僻义:理由(n.,常用复数 grounds);磨碎(v.)
- 例句:He was fired on grounds of dishonesty.(他因不诚实被解雇。)
2. issue
- 常见义:问题(n.)
- 生僻义:发行(v./n.);流出(v.)
- 例句:The government issued new stamps.(政府发行了新邮票。)
3. light
- 常见义:光(n.);轻的(adj.)
- 生僻义:点燃(v.);浅色的(adj.)
- 例句:She lit a candle in the dark room.(她在黑暗的房间里点燃蜡烛。)
4. mean
- 常见义:意思是(v.);刻薄的(adj.)
- 生僻义:平均值(n.);贫穷的(adj.)
- 例句:He came from a mean background.(他出身贫寒。)
N-R 组
1. novel
- 常见义:小说(n.)
- 生僻义:新颖的(adj.)
- 例句:Qisu English's 24 stories string together the 3500 college entrance exam vocabulary, which is a novel solution to the problem.(奇速英语24个故事串记高考3500词汇是解决问题的新方法。)2. race
- 常见义:种族(n.);赛跑(n.)
- 生僻义:竞赛(n.);急速进行(v.)
- 例句:Her heart raced with excitement.(她的心因兴奋而狂跳。)
3. rest
- 常见义:休息(v./n.)
- 生僻义:剩余部分(n.,搭配 the rest);依赖(v.,搭配 rest on)
- 例句:The success of the project rests on teamwork.(项目的成功依赖团队合作。)
S-Z 组
1. subject
- 常见义:学科(n.)
- 生僻义:主题(n.);易受…的(adj.,搭配 subject to)
- 例句:The area is subject to earthquakes.(该地区易发生地震。)
2. tender
- 常见义:温柔的(adj.)
- 生僻义:嫩的(adj.);投标(v./n.)
- 例句:The meat is tender and juicy.(肉又嫩又多汁。)
3. yield
- 常见义:生产(v.)
- 生僻义:屈服(v.,搭配 yield to);产量(n.)
- 例句:The army refused to yield.(军队拒绝投降。)
以下是50组高中英语熟词生义词汇的补充总结(接续前文,按字母顺序排列),帮助应对阅读和完形中的“一词多义”陷阱:
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A-C 组
20. anchor
常见义:锚(n.)
生僻义:支柱/依靠(n.);主持(节目)(v.)
例句:She is theanchorof the family.(她是家庭的支柱。)
21. article
常见义:文章(n.)
生僻义:物品(n.);条款(n.)
例句:The police found stolenarticlesin his car.(警察在他车里找到被盗物品。)
22. balance
常见义:平衡(n./v.)
生僻义:余额(n.);权衡(v.)
例句:Check your bankbalanceregularly.(定期检查银行余额。)
23. battery
常见义:电池(n.)
生僻义:殴打(法律术语)(n.);一组(设备)(n.)
例句:He was charged with assault andbattery.(他被指控殴打他人。)
24. beam
常见义:光束(n.)
生僻义:横梁(n.);微笑(v.)
例句:She beamed with pride at her son’s success.(她为儿子的成功露出骄傲的笑容。)
25. bolt
常见义:螺栓(n.)
生僻义:闪电(n.);逃跑(v.)
例句:The horseboltedin fear.(马因受惊狂奔。)
26. bond
常见义:纽带(n.)
生僻义:债券(n.);黏合(v.)
例句:Governmentbondsare a safe investment.(政府债券是安全的投资。)
27. cabin
常见义:小木屋(n.)
生僻义:机舱/船舱(n.)
例句:Please return to yourcabinduring the flight.(飞行期间请回到机舱。)
28. charge
常见义:收费(v.)
生僻义:指控(n.);充电(v.)
例句:He faces achargeof theft.(他面临盗窃指控。)
29. coin
常见义:硬币(n.)
生僻义:创造(新词)(v.)
例句:Shakespearecoinedmany English words.(莎士比亚创造了许多英语词汇。)
30. conduct
常见义:行为(n.)
生僻义:进行(实验)(v.);指挥(乐队)(v.)
例句:The professorconducteda groundbreaking study.(教授进行了一项开创性研究。)
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D-F 组
31. draft
常见义:草稿(n.)
生僻义:征兵(n.);气流(n.)
例句:He felt a colddraftfrom the window.(他感到窗外的冷风。)
32. drive
常见义:驾驶(v.)
生僻义:驱动力(n.);干劲(n.)
例句:Herdriveto succeed impressed everyone.(她成功的干劲令人印象深刻。)
33. entertain
常见义:娱乐(v.)
生僻义:考虑(想法)(v.)
例句:He refused toentertainthe idea of failure.(他拒绝考虑失败的可能性。)
34. exchange
常见义:交换(v.)
生僻义:交易所(n.);外汇(n.)
例句:The stockexchangecrashed yesterday.(股市昨日暴跌。)
35. exploit
常见义:剥削(v.)
生僻义:利用(资源)(v.);英勇行为(n.)
例句:We shouldexploitsolar energy more efficiently.(我们应更高效地利用太阳能。)
36. fashion
常见义:时尚(n.)
生僻义:方式(n.);制作(v.)
例句:Hefashioneda tool from a piece of wood.(他用木头制作了一个工具。)
37. file
常见义:文件(n.)
生僻义:排成纵队(v.);锉刀(n.)
例句:The studentsfiledinto the classroom.(学生们排队进入教室。)
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G-M 组
38. grave
常见义:坟墓(n.)
生僻义:严重的(adj.)
例句:The situation isgraveand urgent.(形势严峻且紧迫。)
39. harvest
常见义:丰收(n.)
生僻义:收获(成果)(n.);采集(数据)(v.)
例句:Years of research finallyharvestedresults.(多年的研究终于收获了成果。)
40. host
常见义:主人(n.)
生僻义:大量(n.);主持(节目)(v.)
例句:Ahostof problems arose.(大量问题出现了。)
41. import
常见义:进口(v.)
生僻义:重要性(n.)
例句:This is a matter of greatimport.(这是件极其重要的事。)
42. introduce
常见义:介绍(v.)
生僻义:引入(新事物)(v.)
例句:The companyintroduceda new policy.(公司引入了新政策。)
43. lean
常见义:倾斜(v.)
生僻义:瘦的(adj.);依靠(v.,搭配lean on)
例句:Sheleanedon her friend for support.(她依靠朋友的支持。)
44. mine
常见义:我的(pron.);矿(n.)
生僻义:地雷(n.);开采(v.)
例句:The area was heavilyminedduring the war.(该地区在战争期间埋了大量地雷。)
N-R 组
45. nerve
常见义:神经(n.)
生僻义:勇气(n.);厚颜无耻(n.)
例句:It took a lot ofnerveto speak in public.(公开演讲需要很大勇气。)
46. organ
常见义:器官(n.)
生僻义:风琴(n.);机构(n.)
例句:The churchorganplayed softly.(教堂的风琴轻声演奏。)
47. pitch
常见义:投掷(v.);音高(n.)
生僻义:沥青(n.);搭帐篷(v.)
例句:Theypitcheda tent by the river.(他们在河边搭了帐篷。)
48. pool
常见义:水池(n.)
生僻义:联营(资源)(v.);台球(n.)
例句:Theypooledtheir money to buy a car.(他们凑钱买了辆车。)
49. quarter
常见义:四分之一(n.)
生僻义:季度(n.);宿舍(n.)
例句:The company’s profits rose in the lastquarter.(公司上季度利润增长。)
50. relief
常见义:缓解(n.)
生僻义:浮雕(n.);换班(n.)
例句:The sculpture shows intricaterelief.(雕塑展现了复杂的浮雕工艺。)阅读理解障碍词
1.abstract adj.抽象的;深奥的
2.absurd adj.荒谬的;荒唐可笑的
3.abundance n.充裕;丰盛
4.accommodation n.住所,住处
5.accumulate v.积累,积聚;逐渐增加
6.accurate adj.精确的
7.adequate adj.足够的,充分的
8.administration n.管理;执行;实施
9.administrator n.管理人员,行政人员
10.affection n.喜爱;钟爱
11.aggressive adj.好斗的;挑衅的
12.alert adj.警惕的,警觉的
13.allergic adj.过敏的
14.amateur adj.业余的 n.业余爱好者;业余运动员
15.appetite n.食欲,胃口;欲望;喜好
16.appropriately adv.恰当地,合适地
17.arbitrary adj.任意的;专横的;武断的
18.assumption n.假定,假设
19.autonomous adj.自治的;自主的
20.bacterium n.细菌(pl.bacteria)
21.betray vt.背叛,出卖
22.boom n.& v.繁荣,迅速发展
23.botanical adj.植物学的
24.boundary n.分界线,边界;界限
25.boycott vt.抵制,拒绝参加 n.抵制行动
26.brochure n.小册子
27.calendar n.历法;日历
28.campaign n.运动;战役
29.casual adj.偶然的;随便的
30.certificate n.证书;(毕业)文凭
31.chaos n.混乱,一团糟
32.collision n.碰撞,相撞;冲突,抵触
33.commercial adj.商业的,商务的
34.commitment n.承诺;投入;奉献
35.community n.社区;团体
36.compassion n.怜悯,同情
37.compensate v.弥补,补偿;赔偿
38.competence n.能力;胜任
39.component n.零件;成分;组成部分
40.compound n.化合物;混合体
41.compromise v.妥协,让步
42.compulsory adj.必修的;强制的,义务的
43.consensus n.共识,一致看法
44.consequence n.后果
45.conservative adj.保守的,守旧的
46.consistent adj.一贯的,一致的
47.contemporary adj.当代的(同:modern)
48.context n.周围情况,背景;上下文,语境
49.contract n.契约,合同
50.contradictory adj.矛盾的,抵触的
51.controversial adj.引起争论的,有争议的
52.conventional adj.传统的,常规的;守旧的
53.correspond vi.符合,相一致;通信
54.coverage n.新闻报道;覆盖范围
55.cuisine n.菜肴;风味;烹饪
56.curriculum n.课程
57.deadline n.截止日期,最后期限
58.deliberately adv.故意地,蓄意地
59.departure n.离开;启程;出发
60.desperate adj.拼命的;绝望的;非常需要……的
61.dessert n.(饭后)甜点
62.destination n.目的地;终点
63.device n.设备,仪器;装置
64.dilemma n.进退两难的境地,困境
65.dimension n.方面,部分(同:aspect);大小,尺寸(同:measurement)
66.diploma n.毕业文凭;学位证书
67.directory n.名录;电话号码簿;(计算机文件或程序的)目录
68.disastrous adj.灾难性的,以失败告终的
69.discrimination n.歧视
70.distinct adj.有区别的;截然不同的;明显的;清楚的
71.distinguish v.区分,辨别
72.disturbing adj.令人不安的,引起恐慌的
73.diverse adj.各种各样的,形形色色的,相异的
74.dizzy adj.眩晕的;使人发晕或困惑的
75.document vt.记录,记载;用文献证明
76.donor n.捐献者,捐赠者
77.dynamic adj.精力充沛的;动态的
78.ecology n.生态;生态学
79.elegantly adv.优雅地
80.emergency n.紧急情况,突发事件
81.emission n.排放物,散发物;(光、热等的)散发,排放
82.emphasize v.强调,着重;重音
83.enormous adj.巨大的,庞大的
84.enterprise n.公司,组织,企业;事业心,进取心
85.equator n.赤道
86.establishment n.机构,单位;建立,设立
87.evaluate v.评价,评估
88.explicit adj.清楚明确的,直截了当的
89.extension n.延伸,扩展
90.extraordinary adj.非凡的,特别的;异乎寻常的
91.facility n.设施,设备;天赋,才能(同:talent)
92.feature n.特征;特点 vt.以……为特色
93.fertilizer n.肥料
94.finance n.财政,金融
95.flavour n.味道;调味品,调味香料
96.flexible adj.灵活的;柔韧的;有弹性的
97.flock n.群
98.fragrant adj.香的;芳香的
99.function n.功能,作用;职能
100.fundamental adj.根本的;基本的,基础的
101.funeral n.葬礼
102.geometry n.几何学;几何图形
103.grocery n.杂货;杂货店
104.habitat n.[C] & [U] (动物)栖息地;(植物)生长地
105.harmony n.(音乐中的)和声;融洽
106.hatred n.仇恨
107.heartily adv.尽情地;关怀地
108.highlight v.突出,强调 n.最好(或最精彩)的部分
109.hint n.& v.暗示
110.hydrogen n.氢;氢气
111.identical adj.同一的;完全相同的
112.immigration n.移居(入境);移民人数
113.imply vt.暗示,暗指;意味着
114.incident n.(尤指不平常的、重要的或暴力的)事件
115.independence n.独立;自主
116.ingredient n.成分,食材;要素,因素
117.initial adj.最初的;开始的;第一的
118.innocent adj.清白的,无罪的(+of);天真无邪的
119.innovate v.创新,革新
120.instrument n.乐器;工具
121.install v.安装,设置
122.intake n.摄入量,吸入量;加入人数
123.interpret vt.诠释;领会;演绎 vi.口译
124.interpersonal adj.人际的,人际关系的
125.intimate adj.温馨的;亲密的,密切的
126.irrigation n.灌溉
127.isolate vt.孤立,隔离;分隔
128.item n.项目;一件物品
129.jungle n.丛林,密林
130.justice n.公正,正义
131.knowledgeable adj.有丰富知识的,博学的(+about)
132.label n.标签;称号 vt.贴标签于;用标签标明
133.lag v.落后,拖后(+behind)
134.landscape n.(陆上,尤指乡村的)风景
135.lantern n.灯笼;提灯
136.laptop n.笔记本电脑
137.launch vt.& n.发射;发起;上市
138.layout n.布局,设计(+of)
139.legend n.传奇
140.liar n.说谎者
141.liberty n.自由
142.likewise adv.同样地,相似地
143.locker n.可锁存物柜,寄物柜
144.logical adj.(符合)逻辑的;合乎情理的
145.loyal adj.忠诚的
146.manufacture v.(用机器)生产,制造 n.大量制造
147.mature adj.成熟的
148.merciful adj.宽大的,慈悲的,仁慈的
149.merely adv.只是;仅仅;只不过
150.minimum adj.最小的,最低的,最低限度的 n.最少量,最低限度
151.minority n.少数派,少数;少数民族
152.monument n.纪念碑,纪念馆
153.mourn v.哀悼,悼念
154.motivation n.动力;动机
155.mountainous adj.多山的;巨大的,庞大的
156.navigation n.导航;(水上的)航行
157.negative adj.有害的,不良的;消极的,负面的(反:positive)
158.neutral adj.中立的,不偏不倚的
159.numerous adj.许多的
160.nutrition n.营养
161.origin n.起源;起因;出身
162.original adj.原来的;独创的;原作的 n.原件;原作
163.originate vi.& vt.起源;发源;创立
164.outcome n.结果,后果(同:result)
165.outspoken adj.直率的,直言不讳的
166.overhear vt.无意中听到,偶然听到
167.overlook v.忽视,忽略;俯瞰
168.parallel n.相似之处 adj.平行的(+to/with)
169.pastime n.消遣,娱乐
170.peak n.[C] 山峰;山顶;高峰;顶峰 adj.最高的;高峰的 vi.达到最高点;达到高峰
171.pedestrian n.行人,步行者
172.pension n.养老金,退休金
173.permanent adj.长久的,永久的,永恒的(反:temporary)
174.pepper n.甜椒;灯笼椒;胡椒粉
175.personality n.[C] & [U] 个性;人格
176.personnel n.全体人员,职员;人事部门
177.pessimistic adj.悲观的
178.phenomenon n.现象(pl.phenomena)
179.philosophy n.[U] 哲学;[C] 哲学体系;[U] & [C] 人生哲学;(生活、工作的)准则
180.physician n.医师
181.portable adj.手提式的,便携式的,轻便的
182.postpone vt.推迟,延期
183.precious adj.宝贵的,珍贵的;珍稀的
184.pregnant adj.怀孕的
185.prejudice n.偏见,歧视(+against)
186.prescription n.处方,药方(+for)
187.preview n.预映;预展;预演
188.previous adj.以前的,先前的
189.primary adj.首要的,主要的
190.primarily adv.主要地
191.primitive adj.原始的,远古的
192.privilege n.特权;特殊待遇;荣幸
193.procedure n.(正常)程序;步骤;手续
194.profession n.职业;行业
195.promote v.促进,提高;晋升
196.psychology n.心理;心理学
197.punctuation n.标点符号
198.purchase vt.& n.购买
199.qualification n.资格,学历;资历
200.questionnaire n.调查问卷
201.radioactive adj.放射性的
202.random adj.随意的,随机的 n.随意;随机
203.register v.记录,登记
204.regulate v.控制;调整,调节
205.regulation n.规则,条例,法令;管理,控制
206.relevant adj.相关的,切题的
207.representative n.代表;代理人
208.reservation n.预订;保留
209.respectful adj.表示敬意的,尊敬的
210.reputation n.名誉;名声
211.resume v.重新开始
212.ridiculous adj.愚蠢的,荒唐可笑的
213.routine n.惯例,常规;例行公事
214.sacred adj.神圣的
215.sacrifice n.牺牲;献祭 vt.牺牲
216.sample n.样品
217.sceptical adj.持怀疑态度的,不相信的(+about/of)
218.scholarship n.奖学金
219.sculpture n.雕刻;雕塑
220.sensitive adj.敏感的
221.sensitivity n.敏感;过敏
222.session n.一段时间;正式会议
223.shallow adj.浅的,不深的;肤浅的
224.sheet n.床单,被单;张;薄片
225.shipwreck n.海难,船舶失事
226.shortcoming n.缺点;短处
227.signature n.签字,签名
228.significance n.重要性;意义
229.simplify vt.使简易,使简单,简化
230.snack n.小吃,点心
231.sneeze v.打喷嚏
232.souvenir n.纪念品;纪念物
233.straightforward adj.简单的,易懂的;坦诚的,坦率的
234.stretch v.(使)变松,拉长;伸开 n.伸长;伸展;连绵
235.subjective adj.主观的(反:objective)
236.submit v.呈送,递交,呈递;顺从(+to)
237.supervision n.监督;监管
238.supreme adj.最高的,至高无上的
239.suspension n.暂停,中止
240.swear v.(swore,sworn)诅咒;起誓
241.sympathetically adv.表示同情地;有同情心地
242.symphony n.交响乐;交响曲
243.temporary adj.暂时的,临时的
244.terminal adj.(疾病)晚期的,不治的 n.终点站;终端
245.theoretical adj.理论上的;假设的
246.thereafter adv.之后,此后
247.tolerant adj.宽容的,容忍的
248.tournament n.锦标赛
249.transform vt.使改观;使变形;使转化
250.transformation n.转变,改观
251.transparent adj.透明的;易懂的
252.trash n.废物,垃圾(同:rubbish)
253.tricky adj.难对付的,棘手的;狡猾的
254.tunnel n.隧道;(动物的)洞穴通道
255.unconscious adj.失去知觉的
256.underline vt.在……之下画线(以示重要);强调;使突出
257.underlying adj.根本的;潜在的
258.undertake v.从事;承担
259.uneasiness n.不安;忧虑
260.unique adj.独一无二的
261.upgrade v.使升级
262.vacant adj.空着的;(工作或职位)空缺的
263.vague adj.含糊的,不明确的
264.valid adj.(法律上)有效的;有根据的;确凿的
265.vanish v.消失,灭绝
266.violate v.违反,违背;侵犯
267.virtual adj.虚拟的,模拟的
268.weave v.编织;迂回行进
269.wreck vt.使失事 n.残骸
270.wrinkle n.皱纹 v.起皱纹;皱起一、同近义词替换
同近义词替换是最为常见的考点类型。出题人会用与原文词汇意思相近的词来替换,考验考生对词汇含义的理解以及词汇量的储备。
在2024年新高考Ⅰ卷阅读B中,提到
“if he seems a little defensive, it might be because even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods” ,题目“What do some of Farber's coworkers think of him ”
正确答案为“He's odd”。
这里“unusual”和“odd”就是典型的同近义词,都表达“不寻常的,奇怪的”意思 。考生需要识别出这两个词的同义关系,才能准确作答。
再如2024年新高考Ⅰ卷阅读C里,“Audio and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies”,在题目“Why are audio and video increasingly used by university teachers ”中,
答案是“They can hold students' attention”。其中“engaging”表示“有吸引力的”,与“hold one’s attention(吸引某人的注意力)”意思相近,这也是同近义词替换的体现。
此外,在2024年新高考Ⅰ卷阅读C中,“Reading aloud can improve language fluency”与正确选项“Vocal practice helps enhance speaking skills”,“improve”和“enhance”都有“提高,提升”之意,同样属于同近义词替换 。
二、词性转换替换
这种替换方式是在保持基本语义的基础上,对词汇的词性进行改变。虽然在2024高考真题中直接以此设考点的情况较少,但在理解文章和句子时,识别词性转换十分重要。比如“access”(名词,通道;机会)与“accessible”(形容词,可到达的;可接近的) ,在不同语境下,它们虽词性不同,但语义相关。在2024年新高考II卷阅读D“She writes from the practical angle of a businessperson rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI”中,“accessible”体现了文本的易读性,若考生能联想到其名词形式“access”的含义,将有助于更好地理解文章。
在2024年新课标I真题卷阅读理解A篇中,“restore”(vt.修复;归还)与“restoration”(n.修复;恢复),“endanger”(vt.使濒危)与“endangered”(adj.濒危的)等,都是词性转换的体现。虽然在题目中不一定直接考查这种转换,但在理解文章时,考生需明白它们之间的关联,才能准确把握文意。2025高考英语考前30天,查漏补缺考点,掌握规律轻松上涨20分!
三、上下义同义替换
上下义关系指的是一个词的意义包含在另一个词的意义之中,即具体与抽象、种属的关系。在阅读理解中,出题人会利用这种关系来设置题目,增加难度。假设文章中提到“apple, banana, orange”等具体水果,题目中可能会用“fruit”来进行替换。在2024年真题中虽无特别典型的例子,但在平时练习和其他年份真题中时有出现。例如在描述各种动物的文章里,原文说“dog, cat, rabbit”,题目可能问关于“pet”的相关内容,“pet”就是“dog, cat, rabbit”等的上义词。
在以往真题中,若文章讲了“car, bus, truck”等具体的车辆类型,题目可能会问“vehicle”相关问题,考生要理解“vehicle”是这些具体车辆的统称,通过这种上下义关系找到答案 。
四、逻辑关系词替换2025高考语法填空命题揭秘与备考导航
逻辑关系在阅读理解中至关重要,常见的逻辑关系有并列、转折、因果、否定、比较、举例等。出题人常常会对逻辑关系词进行替换,考查考生对文章逻辑的把握。在2024年新高考Ⅰ卷阅读C中,“According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print”,这里体现了一种比较关系,在题目“What does the shallowing hypothesis assume ”中,答案“Readers treat digital texts lightly”就是对原文比较关系及语义的一种同义替换,“not so serious”和“lightly”都表达了读者对待数字文本时较为轻松的态度 ,同时也体现了与阅读印刷文本的对比。
再如因果关系,若原文是“because he studied hard, he got a good grade”,题目可能会把“because”替换成“due to”“as a result of”等,如“Due to his hard study, he got a good grade” 。在2024年新高考Ⅱ卷阅读A中,涉及到“cause and effect”关系,原文“Scientists analyzed the cause and effect relationship”,在选项中以“causal links”呈现,考查考生对因果逻辑关系词替换的理解 。考生要熟悉这些逻辑关系词的替换,才能准确理解文章的逻辑结构。
五、句子转述替换
句子转述替换是将原文中的句子用另一种表达方式呈现,可能会涉及词汇、语法结构、语序等多方面的变化,但核心意思不变。2024年新高考Ⅰ卷阅读C中,“When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it's on paper than onscreen”,在理解时,考生可能会遇到如“Reading longer texts usually leads to better learning outcomes on paper compared to onscreen”这样的同义转述。这种替换考查考生对句子深层含义的理解,以及对不同表达方式的转换能力。

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