资源简介

2025北京丰台高一（下）期中
英 语（A卷）
考试时间：90 分钟
一、完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，请选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
I was cycling to work one day and I had about one kilometer before my turn
(转弯). Just then I 1 a person in front of me, about 300 yards ahead. I could tell he was cycling a little 2 than
me so I decided to try to catch up with him.
I started cycling faster, and after just a few minutes I was about 100 yards behind him, so I really picked up the
pace and pushed myself. 3 I caught up with him and passed him by. I felt so 4 on the inside. “I beat him” of
course, but he didn’t even know we were racing.
After I passed him, I suddenly 5 that I had been so focused on competing against him that I had missed my
turn. I had gone past it and had to turn around and go all the way back.
Isn’t that what happens in life when we 6 on competing with co-workers, neighbors and friends, trying to 7
that we are more successful or more important We spend our time and energy running after them and we miss out
on our own 8 to our destinies (命运).
The problem with such an unhealthy competition is that it’s a never-ending cycle. There will 9 be somebody
ahead of you, someone with a better job, nicer car, better behaved children, etc.
Take what life has given you, the height, weight and personality. Dress well and wear it proudly! There’s no 10
in destiny. Run your own race and wish others well!
1. A. invited B. noticed C. believed D. visited
2. A. slower B. shorter C. cleverer D. heavier
3. A. Suddenly B. Normally C. Finally D. Usually
4. A. strange B. nervous C. good D. funny
5. A. decided B. replied C. promised D. realized
6. A. move B. focus C. depend D. put
7. A. prove B. pretend C. imagine D. confirm
8. A. places B. stages C. paths D. roles
9. A. never B. always C. seldom D. sometimes
10. A. choice B. hurry C. success D. competition
二、阅读理解（共 16 小题；每小题 2.5 分，共 40 分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D四个选项中，请选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
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A
Wings on Travel $2170 Per Person
Every year a lot of birds fly to Nepal from other parts of the world. It’s amazing to see them
in the forest, in open area, and in wetlands. In this trip, finest national parks of lowland and the
rich Pokhara valley and hills will be visited. Many endangered and rare species of birds can be
seen.
Trip Code: NAT009
Duration: 10 Days
Why this trip!
Autumn and winter are best months to watch birds in Nepal. Many of birds make Nepal as their wintering ground.
Different from others, the route offers you the greatest chance to see these beautiful birds with some places where
they winter. At the same time, you experience the rare and endangered wildlife of Nepal.
What to expect and not to expect
Remember your tour is into the natural areas and so sighting of birds depends mainly on their movement and
the chance you go through. Sometimes you will be able to see almost all major birds you wish and sometimes nothing,
but being in nature is always a rewarding experience and there is always an opportunity to come across many beautiful
birds.
Group size
2—12 passengers
Transportation
All private
Trip cost
$2170 per person on twin sharing; Single supplement: $590
Costs include
All private land transportation; All meals & accommodations; National park entrance fees
Departure
07 Feb 2018—16 Feb 2018
More information is available at www.nature-/tour-item/wings-on-migration.
11. This trip is planned mainly for people interested in _______.
A. watching birds
B. living in nature
C. visiting national parks
D. saving endangered birds
12. What is special about the trip
A. The travel time. B. The group size.
C. The travel route D. The transportation.
13. Whether you can see birds is mostly decided by _______.
A. the weather B. your luck
C. the costs D. your efforts
14. What is the main purpose of the passage
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A. To inform people of birds.
B. To introduce a travel website.
C. To give advice on a birding trip.
D. To advertise a travel product.
B
Whether in the home or the workplace, social robots are going to become a lot more common in the next few
years. Social robots are about to bring technology to the everyday world in a more humanized way, said Cynthia
Breazeal, chief scientist at the robot company Jibo.
While household robots today do the normal housework, social robots will be much more like companions (同伴)
than mere tools. For example, these robots will be able to tell when someone is happy or sad. This allows them to
respond more properly to the user.
The Jibo robot, arranged to ship later this year, is designed to be a personalized assistant. You can talk to the robot,
ask it questions, and make requests for it to perform different tasks. The robot doesn’t just deliver general answers to
questions; it responds based on what it learns about each individual in the household. It can do things such as
reminding (提醒) an elderly family member to take medicine or taking family photos.
Social robots are not just finding their way into the home. They have potential applications in everything from
education to health care and are already finding their way into some of these spaces.
Fellow Robots is one company bringing social robots to the market. The company’s “Oshbot” robot is built to help
customers in a store, which can help the customers find items and help guide them to the products’ location in the
store. It can also speak different languages and make recommendations for different items based on what the customer
is shopping for.
The more interaction the robot has with humans, the more it learns. But Oshbot, like other social robots, is not
intended to replace workers, but to work alongside other employees. “We have technologies to train social robots to
do things not for us, but with us,” said Breazeal.
15. How are social robots different from household robots
A. They have their feelings.
B. They are more like humans.
C. They do the normal housework.
D. They respond to users more slowly.
16. What can Oshbot work as
A. A language teacher. B. A tour guide.
C. A private nurse. D. A shop assistant.
17. We can learn from the last paragraph that social robots will .
A. train employees
B. improve technologies
C. be our workmates
D. take the place of workers
18. What does the passage mainly talk about
A. An introduction to social robots.
B. Marketing methods for social robots.
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C. Information on household robots.
D. A new design idea of household robots.
C
Deep Sea: To Mine Or Not To Mine
A robot as large as a truck moves along the bottom of the deep sea. It eats metallic (含金属的) rock and soft
mud. They travel up a long pipe to a ship, where workers and machinery separate out the rock and throw the mud
back into the ocean. This is a mining operation. The rock contains a mixture of metals, including ones called rare
earth metals. People use these materials to make batteries and electronics like computers and phones.
Deep-sea mining hasn’t happened yet. But it probably will occur within the next decade. No country owns any
part of the deep sea, so a UN organization called the International Seabed Authority (ISA) decides who is allowed to
mine there. It has allowed 29 organizations to explore the deep sea and make plans for mining, one of which plans to
begin mining in the year 2027.
Scientists and environmentalists, though, warn that mining could destroy deep-sea ecosystem. In 1989, ecologist
Hjalmar Thiel carried out a test. His team searched the seafloor of the Pacific Ocean, in a spot with lots of the metallic
rocks that miners wanted. They didn’t actually collect any of the rocks. But they disturbed the mud, just as a mining
operation would. The cloud of mud fell back down over the ocean floor burying creatures living there. Up to now,
the area they disturbed has not recovered. Signs of the search are still there. Deep sea creatures like sponges and
corals have not moved back in. That means mining could have detrimental, long-lasting consequences for deep ocean
life. Scientists want to understand the deep sea better before disturbing it.
Leaving the deep sea alone sounds great, but people need those metals. “Mines on land are soon going to run
out,” geologist Steven Scolt of the University of Toronto told Smithsonian Magazine. “Every electronic device in the
world has rare earth metals in it... we need raw resources.” New energy technologies including solar and wind power
and electric cars rely on these metals as well. We may need to mine them from the sea in order to switch to greener
energy sources.
19. According to the passage, why do people want to carry out deep sea mining
A. To test the mining robot.
B. To collect rare earth metals.
C. To separate the rock from mud.
D. To understand the deep sea better.
20. What can we infer from the test of Hjalmar Thiel in 1989
A. They gathered some metallic rocks the miners wanted.
B. They helped the recovery of the disturbed mining areas.
C. They discovered the deep-sea mining had affected the ocean ecology.
D. They found the rare metallic rocks were harmful to sea creatures.
21. What does the underlined word “detrimental” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean
A. Appealing. B. Harmful. C. Helpful. D. Impressive.
22. What is Steven Scolt’s attitude towards deep-sea mining
A. Doubtful. B. Neutral. C. Supportive. D. Disapproving.
D
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Climate change influences how organisms live and function in their environment. Investigating how organisms
adapt is essential for accurately predicting their survival, and tracking genomic (基因组的) changes helps
researchers determine the lasting effects of the changing environment. Copepods, a dominant coastal species, are
particularly useful for studying genetic changes in response to shifting marine environments. By studying copepods,
researchers can get an idea of how the ocean food chain might react to changes in the Earth’s climate.
Tracking a copepod’s evolving genome in the wild, however, can be time-consuming and laborious. To
circumvent this challenge, Pespeni and her team used an evolve-and-resequence approach in the lab. They exposed
a copepod population to three stressors—water warming, acidification via high CO levels, and combinations of the
two ocean warming and acidification (OWA) conditions in the laboratory, and tracked their adaptations to these
conditions over 25generations. Previously, they tracked reproductive fitness traits such as egg-hatching success under
these conditions. They found that the fitness of the population exposed to OWA conditions initially decreased, but
then adapted to the stressors over several generations.
In the current study, the researchers sequenced the genomes of animals in each experimental group at generation
0 and 25 to quantify how allele (等位基因) frequencies changed in response to experimental selective pressures.
The researchers found adaptive alleles related to development were unique to the multiple stressor experiment,
providing a possible explanation for the observed selection of hatching success.
“We showed that the warming alone was a much strong er selective pressure than CO . But when you combine
them, you get a unique synergy. So, it’s not just one plus one equals two; it’s one plus one equals something totally
different,” said Pespeni. Whereas previous studies observed the effects of single stressors on evolving organisms,
Pespeni’s study demonstrated that multiple stressors result in a unique response to selection in a non-additive manner.
This is important because human-induced environmental changes are multifaceted (多方面的), and additional
stressors are still needed to further mimic natural environmental changes, and this study reveals the complexity of
the genomic adaptive response.
According to Morgan Kelly, a professor who was not involved in the study, the insights presented by the
researchers in this study call into question the previous single stressor studies and will influence future experimental
design. “There’s this big question of the role that evolutionary change will play in response to climate change, and
the way the researchers integrate genomic information is the best of its kind in the world of marine experimental
evolution,” said Kelly.
According to Pespeni, there is reason to maintain hope in the face of climate change because her work revealed
that the copepods eventually fully regained their ability to reproduce following the combined environmental changes.
23．What can we learn about Pespeni’s previous and current studies
A. The previous study tried new ways to quantify the response of copepods.
B. The current study may explain the success of hatching in the previous one.
C. The previous study reveals the complexity of the genomic adaptive response.
D. The current study sequenced copepods’ genes of 25 generations in each group.
24．To improve their future research, researchers should________ .
A. study how other species adapt to global warming
B. include additional stressors in their experiments
C. track a copepod’s evolving genome in the wild
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D. compare Pespeni’s study with previous ones
25．What makes the current study particularly significant
A. It integrates genomic information in the research.
B. It shows most species can easily adapt to climate changes.
C. It confirms the effectiveness of previous single stressor studies.
D. It demonstrates multiple stressors produce an additive response.
26．Which of the following can be the best title for the passage
A. Scientists Edit Genomes to Help Copepods Survive
B. Research Removes People’s Worries about Climate Change
C. Combining Climate Stressors Leads to Unique Genomic Changes
D. The Evolve-and-resequence Approach Helps Fight Climate Change
三、阅读回答问题（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，共 10 分）
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
On March 14, 2018, one of science’s brightest stars went dark. Stephen Hawking, the world-famous British
scientist, died at 76 in Cambridge, UK.
Hawking is considered by many to be the greatest scientist in history since Albert Einstein. He came up with the
theory that the universe began with the Big Bang and will end in black holes. His theories became the base for a lot
of later research. He also wrote books to help common people understand the universe. His most famous book is A
Brief History of Time, which has sold more than 10 million copies around the world, according to CNN.
Besides his scientific achievements, Hawking was also someone who had a strong will and optimistic attitude.
When Hawking was 21, he was diagnosed（诊断）with a serious illness that stopped him from walking and
talking. Later in life, he had to sit in a wheelchair and “speak” using a computerized voice. But this didn’t stop him
from living a meaningful and colorful life. “If one is physically disabled, one cannot afford to be psychologically
（心理上）disabled as well,” he once said.
Hawking traveled the globe to attend science conferences, visiting every continent, including Antarctica. He was
also a fan of pop culture and appeared on TV shows such as Star Trek and The Big Bang Theory.
He celebrated his 60th birthday by going up in a hot-air balloon; when he was 65, he took part in a zero-gravity
（零重力）flight to experience weightlessness. He hoped to travel into space one day.
In 2013, Hawking spoke about how he felt life was unfair when he was first diagnosed with his illness. “But
now, 50 years later, I can be quietly satisfied with my life,” he said.
27. What happened to Hawking when he was 21
________________________________________________________________
28. Why is Hawking regarded as the greatest scientist in history since Albert Einstein
________________________________________________________________
29. How did Hawking communicate with others later in life
________________________________________________________________
30. What did Hawking think of his life
_________________________________________________________________
31. What impressed you most about Hawking after you read the passage Why
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_________________________________________________________________
四、任务型阅读（共 10 小题；每小题 1 分，共 10 分）
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容在表格的横线上填词，每空填写一个单词。请在答题卡指定区域作
答。
Your life is composed of all the little things we experience every day, and knowing how to find joy in some of
those little things is one of the easiest ways to let happiness slowly fill your cup. In order for that to happen, you need
to do two very simple things: put yourself in such situations that you can experience happiness there, and then find a
way to taste the experience and let it sink into you.
To put yourself in the position of experiencing happiness every day, Lahna Catalino, Ph. D., at the University of
California, San Francisco, recommends an approach called “prioritizing positivity”—organizing your day-to-day life
on purpose so that it contains situations which naturally give rise to positive emotions. It involves both sparing time
in your daily routine to do things that you really love and heavily weighing the positive emotional consequences of
major life decisions, like taking a new job, and you will regularly find yourself.
Then how can we find a way to taste the happy experience and let it sink into you Here is what psychologist
Rick Hanson, the author of Buddha's Brain explains.
Let a good fact become a good experience.
Often we go through life and some good thing happens—a little thing, like we checked off an item on our To
Do list, we survived another day at work, the flowers are blooming, and so forth. Hey, this is an opportunity to feel
good. Don’t leave money lying on the table: Recognize that this is an opportunity to let yourself truly feel good.
Really enjoy this positive experience.
Practice what any school teacher knows: If you want to help people learn something, make it as intense as
possible—in this case, as felt in the body as possible—for as long as possible.
When sinking into this experience, sense your intention that this experience is sinking into you.
Sometimes people do this through visualization, like by sensing a golden light coming into themselves or a
soothing balm inside themselves. You might imagine a jewel going into the treasure chest in your heart—or just know
that this experience is sinking into you, becoming a resource you can take with you no matter where you go.
It might seem a little cliché (陈词滥调) to say “stop and smell the roses,” but it’s moments like those that can
be stored in your memory and brought back later to make you happy. Living a happy life can be as simple as accepting
the happiness that’s already around you. If you want more, it’s ok to go out and achieve it, but don’t forget where
happiness really comes from.
Let (32) ____________ Come Naturally With the “Little Things”
●Put yourself in (34) __________ where you experience happiness.
(33) __________ to let happiness ●Find a way to taste the experience and let it sink into you.
come your way
●Organize your everyday life (36) __________ to experience positive
Giving (35) __________ to positive
emotions.
things
● (37) __________ your time to do things you love as well as heavily
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weighing the positive emotional consequences.
●Let a good fact become a good experience so that you have the (39)
__________ to feel good.
(38) __________ the experience
●Really enjoy the positive experience as long as possible.
and letting it sink into you
●When sinking into this experience, be (40) __________ of your intention
so that it becomes a resource to take with you wherever you go.
●Happy moments like “stop and smell the roses” are (41) __________.
Summary ●Living a happy life can be as simple as accepting the happiness already
around you.
五、书面表达（25 分）
假设你是红星中学的高一学生李华。你的英国好友 Jim 来信询问你敬佩的人，请你用英文给他回一封
电子邮件，内容包括：
1.人物简介；
2.敬佩的原因。
注意：1. 词数 100 左右；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________Yours,
Li Hua
（请务必将作文写在答题卡指定区域内）
第8页/共10页
参考答案
二、完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
1. B 2. A 3. C 4. C 5. D
6. B 7. A 8. C 9. B 10. D
三、阅读理解（共16小题；每小题2.5分，共40分）
11. A 12. C 13. B 14. D 15. B
16. D 17. C 18. A 19. B 20. C
21. B 22. C 23. B 24. B 25. A
26. C
三、阅读与表达（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，共 10 分）
27. He was diagnosed（诊断）with a serious illness that stopped him from walking and talking./ He suffered from
a serious illness which stopped him from walking and talking.
28. Because of his theories (about the Big Bang and black holes)./ Because his theories (about the Big Bang and black
holes) became the base for a lot of later research.
29. By using a computerized voice./He used a computer to speak.
30. First unfair, later satisfied./ At first he felt life was unfair, but later he felt satisfied.
31. （学生能列出某一方面的感想，并能阐述相应的理由即可。）
（1）His strong will impressed me most because despite severe physical challenges, he achieved
groundbreaking scientific work and lived a full, adventurous life.
（2）What impressed me most is his determination to overcome challenges. Although he was unable to walk
or speak normally, he continued his research, traveled globally, and even experienced zero-gravity.
四、任务型阅读（共 10 小题；每小题 1 分，共 10 分）
32. Happiness 33. How/Ways 34. situations
35. priority 36. purposely/ deliberately/intentionally/
37. Spare 38. Enjoying/ Tasting
39. opportunity/chance 40. aware/conscious
41. memorable/lasting/unforgettable/impressive/ valuable
五、书面表达（25 分）
Sample 1
Dear Jim,
Glad to hear from you! The person I admire profoundly is Tu Youyou, a pioneering medical scientist. As the
first Chinese female scientist awarded the Nobel Prize, she earned global recognition for discovering artemisinin, the
most effective cure for malaria.
I admire her for her dedication and courage. In 1969, she led a team to fight malaria. Despite poor lab conditions
and a lack of resources, she studied ancient medical literature and tested numerous chemicals. After hundreds of
failed experiments, they eventually found a promising chemical. Besides, her courage also impresses me deeply.
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When the team wanted to know whether the chemical was safe for humans, Tu Youyou bravely volunteered to be the
first human subject. Thanks to her persistence and determination, they finally discovered artemisinin, which has saved
millions of people’s lives.
Tu Youyou’s influence on me is profound. She shows that success demands relentless effort and bravery.
Whenever I face challenges, I’m inspired to approach difficulties with her spirit—persistent and fearless. I think she
is truly admirable.
Yours,
Li Hua
Sample 2
Dear Jim,
Glad to hear from you! The person I admire most is my mother. As a middle school teacher, she devotes herself
to educating students, preparing lessons carefully and guiding them patiently. Beyond work, she manages household
affairs skillfully, creating a warm home for our family.
I respect her for two main reasons. First, her strong sense of responsibility shines in both career and family—
she never compromises on quality, whether solving students’ academic problems or cooking delicious meals for us.
Second, her kindness touches everyone around. She often volunteers to help elderly neighbors, setting a vivid
example of caring for others.
Thanks to my mother, I’ve learned to approach my studies with responsibility, just as she does her work. More
importantly, her generosity inspires me to spread warmth—now I actively participate in volunteer activities, hoping
to bring positive changes to others, just like her.
Yours,
Li Hua
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