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(共21张PPT)
Unit 6 Nature in words
Using language
Non-finite forms as attributive, adverbial and complement
Learning objectives
1. To review the usage of non-finite forms as attributive, adverbial and complement;
2. To use non-finite forms as attributive, adverbial and complement.
非谓语动词作补语
1. 非谓语动词作感官动词的宾补
I heard him _______ an English song just now.
I heard him _______ an English song when I passed by the room just now.
I heard an English song _____ by a little girl just now.
一感：feel
二听：hear, listen to
五看：see, watch, notice, observe, look at
singing
sing
sung
The missing boy was last seen ____ by the river.
A. playing B. to be playing C. to play D. play
The plan which we would like to see ___ soon needs improving.
A. carried out B. to carry out
C. carry out D. to be carried out
A
A
2. 非谓语动词作使役动词的宾补
1) make/have/let sb. do让…做
get sb. to do
Mother had me _____(go) to the shop and buy some salt.
2) have/leave/keep sb. doing 让…一直做
get sb. doing 让…开始做
I am sorry to have you ________.(wait)
The teacher got us _______(move) our desks on hearing the bell.
3) make/have/get/keep sth. done 让…做；遭受损失
I will have/ get my bike ________.(repair)
4) leave sth. undone/to be done
Please excuse me if I have left any of your questions ___________(answer).
repaired
waiting
moving
go
unanswered
The boy was made _______ (make) wash the truck as a punishment.
to make
主动语态中用不带to的不定式作补语，但在被动语态中要加上to
3. 非谓语动词作动词find, catch的宾补
find + sb. + doing
find + sb./sth. + done
catch + sb. + doing
Exercise
1. I found them ________ (seat) at the table.
2. I found them ________ (seat) themselves at the table.
3. He looked around and caught a man _________ (put) his hand into the passenger’s pocket．
发现……正在做某事
发现……已经被做……
发现……正在做某事
seated
seating
putting
非谓语动词作定语
1. 现在分词、过去分词和不定时作定语表示不同的时间关系。
We are all looking forward to the bridge __________ across the river next year.
The bridge ______ (build) across the river last year brought us a lot of convenience.
The bridge ___________ (build) across the river now will have been completed by the end of this year.
2. 分词作定语
boiling water _________ boiled water ________
falling leaves _________ fallen leaves ________
developing countries ________ developed countries ________
to be built
被动、将来
built
被动、完成
being built
被动、进行
开水
凉白开
正在飘落的叶子
落叶
发展中国家
发达国家
3. 动名词作定语：说明被修饰词的____________
a fishing net = a net ______ fishing
a swimming pool = a pool ______ swimming
a walking stick = a stick ______ walking
对比：a sleeping boy = a boy ______ sleeping
用途，功能
for
for
for
who is
4. 不定式作定语
1) to do与其修饰的名词构成逻辑上的________关系
I have some clothes to wash.
He has something important to tell you.
比较：
I have a letter ________ (post), so I can’t go swimming with you.
I have a letter ___________ (post). Can you help me
思考：
The Browns have a comfortable house ________ (live).
He is a difficult person____________ (talk).
动宾
to post
to be posted
to live in
to talk with
2) to do与其修饰的名词构成逻辑上的________关系
She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games.
He was the only one to survive the plane crash.
主谓
当名词被序数词或the only, the very, the next, the last, the right等词修饰时，其后用不定式作定语
3) to do与其修饰的名词构成逻辑上的________关系
Everyone has the right to speak at the meeting.
= Everyone has the right that _____________________________.
Do keep your promise to write to me.
= Do keep your promise that _______________________.
So the folk tradition ________(eat) duck during the End of Heat period is still popular in China.
_________________________________________________
同位
he may/can speak at the meeting
you will write to me
to eat
So the folk tradition that people should eat duck during the End of Heat period is still popular.
总结：
现在分词-ing作定语表达____________ (被动形式为__________)
过去分词-ed作定语表达____________
不定式to do作定语表达____________ (被动形式为__________)
Exercise
1) The question ______________ (discuss) at tomorrow’s meeting is very important.
2) Listen! The song __________ (sing) is very popular with the students.
3) Have you read the novel _____________ (write) by Dickens
4) We are all looking forward to the bridge _____________ (build) across the river next year.
主动、进行
being done
被动、完成
将来
to be done
to be discussed
being sung
written
to be built
非谓语动词作状语
1. 不定式作状语
1) 不定式作________状语
_________ (make) a study of kangaroo, he went to Australia.
2) 不定式作________状语
He hurried to the railway station, only ________ (find) that the train had left.
3) 不定式作________状语
You’ll never know how happy I was ________ (see) her yesterday.
目的
To make
结果
to find
原因
to see
2 分词作状语
_______ (work) in the factory, he was an advanced worker. _____状语
____________________ (separate) from other continents for millions of years, Australia had many animals and plants not found in any other country in the world. _____状语
_________ (play) all day, you will waste your valuable time. _____状语
_______________ (tell) many times, he still repeated the same mistake. _____状语
The teacher came into the lab, ___________ (follow) by some students. _____状语
Titanic left London for New York, ____________ (sink) after hitting an iceberg, ________ (kill) over 1,500 people. _____状语
Working
时间
Having been separated
原因
Playing
条件
Having been told
让步
followed
伴随
only to sink
killing
结果
(only) to do: 意料之外的结果
doing: 自然而然的结果
1). 基本原则
分析句子结构，确定非谓语动词在句子中的成分；
确定非谓语动词和其逻辑主语的主、被动关系；
比较非谓语动词与句子谓语发生的时间先后顺序。
Football is played all over the world, ________(make) it a popular sport.
The storm left, ____________ (cause) a lot of damage to this area.
______________ (scold) by the teacher, he dares not say anything.
__________ (see) from the top of the tower, the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees.
_________________ (warn) about the typhoon, the fishermen sailed for the nearest harbor.
making
having caused
Being scolded
Seen
Having been warned
2). 易错情况
________________ (confront/face) with the difficulty, she can’t work out the plan.
_________ (tire) of swimming, she didn’t attend the P.E. class.
_________ (base) in London, it is a big company.
_________ (dress) in the school uniform, she looks beautiful.
_________ (lost) in thought, she didn’t notice me.
_________ (determine) to win the gold medal, they give their all out to the final.
___________ (compare) with Japan, China is much larger in size.
Confronted/Faced
Tried
Based
Dressed
Lost
Determined
Compared
3). 特殊情况
_________ (judge) from his accent, he is from Hong Kong.
_________ (tell) you the truth, I am a little tired.
Generally/Frankly _________ (speak), most ordinary painkillers won’t work.
___________ (consider) his age, the little boy reads very well.
Judging
To tell
speaking
Considering
4). 独立主格结构：非谓语动词作状语时带有自己的逻辑主语。
考试结束后，我们就开始放假了。
The test __________ (finish), we began our holiday.
= ________________________, we began our holiday.
如果天气允许，我们明天去看你。
Weather __________ (permit), we are going to visit you tomorrow.
= _________________, we are going to visit you tomorrow.
finished
When the test was finished
permitting
If weather permits
Exercise
1. Anxiously, she took the dress out of the package and tried it on, only ________ (find) it didn’t fit.
2. Clearly and thoughtfully ________ (write), the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek answers of their own.
3. Group activities will be organised after class ________ (help) children develop the team spirit.
4. _____________ (spend) the past year as an exchange student in Hong Kong, Linda appears mature than those of her age.
5. The lecture __________________ (give), a lively question-and-answer session followed.
6. Throughout Sandra’s life, she had to move between cities, never __________ (allow) her much time to get settled in one place.
to find
written
to help
Having spent
having been given
allowing
非谓语动词的形式
非谓语动词 时态 语态 主动 被动
不定式 一般式
进行式
完成式
复合结构
分词 现在分词 一般式
完成式
过去分词
动名词 一般式
完成式
复合结构
to do
to be doing
to have done
for sb./sth. to do
doing
having done
doing
having done
sb.’s doing
to be done
to have been done
for sb./sth. to be done
being done
having been done
done
being done
having been done
sb.’s being done
Non-finite forms as attributive, adverbial and complement
Complete the passage with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
The Lake Poets were a small group of poets 1_______ (live) in the Lake District of England in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. The Lake District, 2_______ (know) for its beauty, is in the north-west of England. The first of the poets 3_______________ (come) there was Robert Southey, one of the most 4__________ (respect) poets of his time. He was followed by William Wordsworth, perhaps Britain’s most 5__________ (celebrate) 19th century poet, and then Samuel Coleridge, who had written the 6____________ (pioneer) work Lyrical Ballads with Wordsworth. Soon, 7________ (draw) both by its natural beauty and a desire to be near these famous poets, other poets came 8__________ (live) in the Lake District. All of these poets were seen as part of the Romantic Movement.
living
known
to come/coming
respected
celebrated
pioneering
drawn
to live

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