Unit 1--Unit 10 短语归纳-2024-2025学年人教版初中英语八年级下册

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Unit 1--Unit 10 短语归纳-2024-2025学年人教版初中英语八年级下册

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Unit1 What’s the matter
1.What’s the matter with sb./sth. =What’s the trouble with sb./sth.
=What’s wrong with sb./sth. 某人/物怎么啦?
2.have a cold/stomachache/sore back/fever/headache/cough/toothache…
感冒/胃痛/背痛/发烧/头痛/咳嗽/牙痛
too much+不可数名词/many+可数名词复数
much too+形/副 太
enough+名词
形/副+enough
5.get an X-ray 做X光检查
6.What should I do 我该怎么办?
7.take one’s temperature 量某人的体温
8.sound like听起来像
9.need to do sth. 需要做某事
10.in the same way同样方法/式
11.without无/没有 后的动词加ing。
12.go/walk along 沿着……走
13.see/watch/hear sb. doing sth. 看见/观看/听见某人正在做某事
see/watch/hear sb. do sth.看见/观看/听见某人做了某事
14.on the side of在……一边
15.24-year-old 24岁的(中间有短横线,year不加s)
16.get on(上车)—get off (下车)
17.happen to 发生
18.tell/ask sb. to do sth.告诉/询问某人做某事
tell/ask sb. about sth.告诉/询问某人关于某事
19.take sb./sth. to 带某人/物去……
20.expect sb. to do sth.期待某人做某事
21.wait for 等待
22.to one’s surprise 使……出乎意料
23.thanks to 多亏/由于
Thank you/Thanks for doing sth. 感谢某人做某事
24.in/on time 及/准时
25.save one’s life 挽救某人的生命 lose one’s life失去某人的生命
26.get to=arrive in/at=reach 到达
27.hurt oneself 伤到某人自己
28.fall down 摔倒
fall off 从……摔下来
29.be interested in (doing) sth. 对(做某事)……感兴趣
30.be used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事
used to do sth. 过去常常做某事
use sth. to do sth. 使用某物做某事
31.find sb. doing sth. 发现某人在做某事
32.so that=in order to/that 为了/目的是
33.the importance of ……的重要性
34.keep on doing sth. 坚持做某事
35.make a decision 做决定
36.between…and… 在……和……之间
37.have an accident 发生事故
38.give up doing sth. 放弃做某事
Unit2 I’ll help to clean up the city parks.
help (sb.) (to)do sth.帮助(某人)做某事
help sb. with sth.在某方面帮助某人
2.hope to do sth.希望做某事
3.sick后可接名词,前可用系动词be。ill后不能接名词。
4.to cheer动词不定式
5.cheer sb. up 使某人高兴
6.come up with想出
7.put off/on/up推迟/穿上/张贴
8.make a plan 制定一些计划
make some plans 制定一个计划
9.have lunch/supper/breakfast吃午饭/晚饭/早餐
10.spring, summer, autumn, winter 春天,夏天,秋天,冬天
11.help out with帮助/解决
13.talk to/with sb.与某人交流
talk about sth.谈论某事
14.tell sb. about sth.告诉某人关于某事
tell sb. (not) to do sth.告诉某人不要做某事
15.in the past在过去
16.used to do sth.过去常常做某事
be used to doing sth.习惯做某事
use sth. to do sth.使用某物做某事
17.sound(听起来), look(看上去), smell(闻起来), taste(品尝), feel(感觉)后接形容词。
18.lonely孤独的, alone单独
19.be busy doing sth.忙于做某事
be busy with sth.忙于某事
try to do sth.尽力做某事
try doing sth.尝试做某事
try/do one’s best to do sth.尽某人最大努力做某事
decide to do sth.=make a decision to do sth. 决定做某事
22.such…that…如此(+名词)......以致......
23.so…that…如此(+形容词/副词)......以致......
24.by oneself=alone 独自
25.at the age of=when sb. …years old.在......岁时
e true成为现实
27.at the same time同时
28.worry about=be worried about担心
30.think of/about/over思考/认真思考/周密思考
29.in one’s free/spare time在某人的空闲时间
31.a good way to do sth.做某事是好方式/法
32.sb. spend some time (in) doing sth.某人花费(时间)做某事
33.sb. spend some time on sth.某人花费时间做某事
34.raise money募集资金
35.be similar to与......相似
36.would like to do sth.=want to do sth.=feel like doing sth.想要做某事
37.make it possible (for sb.) to do sth.使(某人)做某事成为可能
38.make a difference to 对......产生影响
39.a friend of mine 我的一个朋友
40.be excited about 对......兴奋
41.feel/be lucky to do sth. 幸运做某事
42.at once马上
43.thanks/Thank you for doing sth.感谢某人做某事
44.have difficulty (in )doing sth.做某事有困难
45.stop doing sth.停止做某事(前后是同一件事)
stop to do sth.停止(正在做)去做某事(前后不是一件事)
Unit 3 Could you please clean you room
Could you please do sth. 请你做某事,好吗?
.not so/as…as和……不一样
3.Could you please not do sth. 请你不要做某事,好吗?
4.so+简短一般疑问句(倒装句)
5.sure=of course=certainly当然
6.do/wash the dishes洗餐具
7.to one’s surprise使某人感到惊讶的是
in surprise惊讶地
8.make one’s bed整理床铺
9.be going to +动原=will +动原
10.something to drink喝的东西 8.something to eat吃的东西
11.a few/little一些 10.finish doing sth.完成做某事
12.be/come back回来
13.if-主将从现
14.too, as well,用于肯定句末。
also用于肯定句中。 either用于否定句末。
15.throw down扔下
16.in front of在……的前面
17.in the front of在……的前部分
18.as…as和……一样(中间用原级)
19.neither +简短一般疑问句(倒装句)
neither…nor…既不……也不……
neither of两者都不
20.pass sb. sth. =pass sth. to sb.传递某物给某人
21.borrow sth. from sb.向某人借某物
22.lend sth. to sb.借某物给某人
23.invite sb. to do sth.邀请某人做某事
24.a waste of time浪费时间
25.sb. spend some time on sth.
=sb. spend some time (in) doing sth.某人花费时间做某事
26.There is no need for sb. to do sth.对某人来说做某事没必要
27.mind doing sth.介意做某事
28.look after oneself=take care of oneself照顾某人自己
29.It’s +adj. (for/of sb.) to do sth.对某人来说做某事……
30.do one’s part in doing sth.尽一份力做某事
31.the+比较级,the+比较级 越……就越……
Unit 4. Why don’t you talk to your parents
Why don’t you do sth. =Why not do sth. 为什么不做某事?
talk to/with sb.和某人交流 talk about sth.谈论某事
have time to do sth.有时间做某事 be angry with sb.生某人的气
allow sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事 be allowed to do sth. 被允许做某事
get into a fight with sb. =have a fight with sb.和某人打架
all kinds of各种各样的
What’s wrong with sb./sth. =What’s the matter/trouble with sb./sth. 某人/物怎么了?
not…until…直到……才 so that= in order to/that目的是/为了
find sb. doing sth.完成做某事 give back to sb.归还给某人
forget/remember to do sth.忘记/记得没做某事
forget/remember doing sth.忘记/记得做过某事
get on/along with sb.和某人关系良好
argue with sb.与某人争吵
refuse to do sth.拒绝做某事
not…anymore不再
instead代替(用于句首或句末), instead of代替/而不是(用于句中,后接名词或短语)
offer to do sth.主动提出做某事
offer sb. sth. =offer sth. to sb.提供某物给某人
communicate with sb.与某人交流learn to do sth.学会做某事 compare…with…比较
Unit 5. What were you doing when the rainstorm came
take a shower沐浴
at that time 在那时
3.when用于延续性动词和非延续性动词 while只用于延续性动词
4.hear/see/watch sb. doing sth.
听见/看见/观看某人正在做某事
hear/see/watch sb. do sth.
听见/看见/观看某人做了某事
feel like似乎
feel like doing sth. 想要做某事
7.be busy doing sth.忙于做某事 be busy with sth.忙于某事
8.happen to
happen发生 (用于自然灾难,交通事故等)
take place发生(用于人为策划)
9.in a mess乱七八糟
10finally=at last=in the end最后
11.die(死)-dying奄奄一息 lie-lying躺
12.around围绕;有时也可做“大约”
join参加(某个组织或是党派等)
join in=take part in参加(参加一般活动)
13.get to=arrive in/at=reach到达
14.the rest of剩下
15.by the side of在……旁边
16.make one’s way to=on one’s way to去某地的路上
17.So…that… 如此……以致于…… (so后接形容词或副词,that后接句子)
such…that… 如此……以致于…… (such后接名词,that后接句子)
So that=in order to/that 目的是/为了
1.过去进行时的构成
过去进行时由“was/were+v.-ing”构成,当主语是第一人称单数或第三人称单数时用was,当主语是其余的人称和数时用were。
2.过去进行时的句式
(1)肯定句:
主语+was/were+v.-ing+其他.
(2)否定句:
主语+was not(wasn't)/were not(weren't) +v.-ing+其他.
(3)一般疑问句:
Was/Were+主语 +v.-ing+其他?
肯定回答:Yes,主语+was/were.
否定回答:No,主语+wasn't/weren't.
3.过去进行时的用法
(1)过去进行时表示过去某一时刻正在进行或发生的动作,时间状语往往是表示过去的某一时间点,如at that time,at this time yesterday,at+时刻+yesterday/last night等。如:
I was playing football at this time yesterday.昨天的这个时候我在踢足球。
She was cleaning the classroom at 8 yesterday morning.
We were having English lesson at 10 yesterday morning.
They were play football at this time of day.
(2)过去进行时还表示过去某段时间内持续进行的动作。如:
They were waiting for you from 3 to 5 pm yesterday.
他们昨天一整个下午都在等你。
Unit6.An old man tried to move the mountains.
try to do sth. 尽力做某事
try doing sth. 尝试做某事
try one’s best to do sth. 尽某人最大努力做某事
What do you think about sth.? 你认为......怎么样?
A good way to do sth. 做某事的好方式
a little bit +形容词/副词
It doesn’t seem possible to do sth. 做某事似乎是不可能的。
keep (on) doing sth. 坚持做某事
remind sb. of sth. 提醒某人某事
give up doing sth. 放弃做某事
instead与 instead of的区别:instead用于句首或句末;instead of位于句中,后接名词或短语。
neither of 两者都不
neither...nor... 既不......也不......
for the first time 第一次
fall in love with sb./sth. 爱上某人/事
get/be married to sb. 和某人结婚
lead to 导致
once upon a time 从前
Unit7. What’s the highest mountain in the world
形容词比较级及最高级
大多数单音节词及少数双音节词比较级及最高级构成
1.一般在形容词尾+er , 最高级+est
2.以e结尾+r, 最高级+st
3.重读闭音节,后面只有一个辅音字母,双写最后一个字母,再加er,最高级加est。
4.辅音字母加y结尾,y改i,再加er,最高级加est。
5.billion, million, thousand, hundred
What’s the population of… =How many people are there in…
over=more than
much/many—more—most
Unit 8. Have you read Treasure Island yet
1.What’s sb./sth. like 某人怎么样?(指性格或品质)
2.What do/does sb./sth. look like 某人看上去怎么样?(指外貌特征)
3.finish doing sth.完成做某事
4.grow up成长
5.put down放下
6.the back of……的背面
7.can’t wait to do sth.迫不及待做某事
8.bring back带回
9.lose one’s life失去某人的生命
10.learn to do sth.学会做某事
11.else放在疑问词和不定代词的后面
12.see/hear/watch sb. doing sth.看见/听见/观看 某人正在做某事
13.see/hear/watch sb. do sth.看见/听见/观看 某人做了某事
14.run towards 跑向
15.live with sb.和某人生活在一起
16.a number of大量,许多
17.the number of……的数目(后接单数)
18.be full of=fill…with满是……的
19.a fan of……的粉丝
20.have/has been to去过某地
21.have/has gone to去某地的路上
22.现在完成时的构成
现在完成时由“have/has+过去
分词”构成。其中has/have是助动词,has用于第三人称单数;规则动词过去
分词的构成与其过去式相同,不规则动词的过去分词需加强记忆(详见课本后面的附表)。现在完成时的不同句式
结构见下表:
肯定句 主语+have/has+过去分词+其他
否定句 主语+haven't/hasn't+过去分词+其他.
疑问句 Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他?
肯定回答 Yes,主语+have/has.
否定回答 No,主语+haven't/hasn't.
  
23.现在完成时的用法
(1)表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。此时句中可不用任何时间状语,也可与表示不确定时间的副词already,just,ever,never,yet,recently等连用。
【注意】already强调某事已经发生,或者某种情况已经开始存在,多用于肯定句中;yet强调某事尚未发生,或者询问某事是否已经发生,多用于疑问句或否定句中。如:
(2)表示从过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。常与“since+时间点”“for+时间段”以及so far,in the past two years等时间状语连用。
         
Unit 9. Have you ever been to a museum
1.分数的表达:
在英语中,写分数时,先写分子后写分母;分子用基数词,分母用序数词;分子大于一时,分母用复数形式。
如:one third 三分之一 one fourth四分之一 one fifth五分之一
Two thirds三分之二 three fourths四分之三 three eighths八分之三
2.somewhere different不同的地方(不定代词与形容词连用,把形容词放在不定代词的后面-翻译与汉语相反)
3.take the subway乘地铁
4.It’s a great way to do sth.做某事是个好办法
5.Sb.spend some time on sth. =Sb. spend some time (in) doing sth.
某人花费时间做某事
6.learn about了解 7.lead to导致
8.make progress取得进步 9.encourage sb. to do sth.鼓励某人做某事
10.hundreds of数百/成百上千;thousands of成千上万;millions of数百万;billions of数十亿;当前面有具体数字时,hundred, thousand ,million, billion不加s, 后面也不用of。
11.on the one hand, on the other hand一方面;另一方面
12.a good place to do sth.做某事的好地方
13.have problem doing sth. 做某事有问题
14.the best time to do sth.做某事的最佳时间
15.all year round 一年到头/整年
Unit 10.I’ve had this bike for three years.
1.for +一段时间 keep (on) doing sth.坚持做某事
2.not…anymore=no more 不再,用于次数上的不再
not…any longer=no longer不再,用于时间上的不再
3.how much/many / often/long/far/soon
4.since+时间点;自从……以来
since+一段时间+ago
现在完成时+since+句子(一般过去时)
5.welcome to+地点 a bit有点儿
6.seem to do sth.似乎做某事=It seems that…
7.either也;用于否定句末
also也,用于肯定句中; too也,用于肯定句末,前用逗号隔开; as well也,用于肯定句末。
8.next to靠近
9.hundreds of数百 thousands of成千上万
millions of数百万 billions of数十亿
10.among 用于三者或三者以上
11.used to do sth.过去常常做某事
12.be used to doing sth.习惯于做某事
13.It’s a shame.=What a shame. 真遗憾

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