资源简介

Unit 1　Beware and take care
一、 单词学记
(一) 英汉对记(19组)
1. coronavirus n. 冠状病毒(2)
2. multiply vi. & vt. (使)繁殖，增殖；成倍增加，迅速增加；乘，乘以(2)
3. pandemic n. (全国或全球性)流行病，大流行病
adj. 大范围流行的(3)
4. soap n. 肥皂(3)
5. mask n. 口罩，面罩，面具；假面具；面膜；伪装，掩饰
vt. 掩饰，掩藏(3)
6. sore adj. 疼痛的，酸痛的(5)
7. throat n. 咽喉，喉咙(5)
8. underlying adj. 根本的，潜在的，隐含的(5)
9. liver n. 肝(6)
10. lining n. (身体器官内壁的)膜；衬层，内衬，衬里(6)
11. dose n. (药的)一剂，一服；一份，一次，一点(7)
12. prescribe vt. 让……采用(疗法)，给……开(药)，开(处方)；规定，命令，指示(7)
13. span n. 持续时间；范围
vt. 持续，贯穿；包括，涵盖；横跨(9)
14. phishing n. 网络仿冒，网络钓鱼(9)
15. malware n. 恶意软件(9)
16. ransom n. 赎金
vt. (为某人)交付赎金(9)
17. spam n. 滥发的电邮，垃圾电邮(9)
18. patch n. 修补(程序)，补丁(9)
19. kidney n. 肾，肾脏(11)
(二) 拓展倍记(29组)
1. infectious adj. 传染性的，感染的(尤指通过呼吸)；患有传染病的；有感染力的(1)→infect vt. 传染，使感染；传染，使感染(计算机病毒)；使感染(某种感情)，影响(2)→infection n. 传染；感染；(身体某部位的)感染；传染病(6)
2. efficiency n. 效率；效能；功效；提高功效的方法(2)→efficient adj. 效率高的；有能力的(19)→inefficient adj. 效率低的；能力差的；浪费的(19)→efficiently adv.高效地(31)
3. symptom n. 症状；征候，征兆(2)→symptomatic adj. 作为症状的；(有)症状的；作为征候的
4. system n. 系统；(思想或理论)体系；方法；制度；体制(2)→systematic adj. 成体系的；系统的；有条理的；有计划有步骤的
5. consequently adv. 因此；所以(2)→consequent adj. 随之发生的；作为结果的→consequence n. 结果；后果；重要性(7)
6. transmit vt. 传播，传染；传(热、声等)，透(光等)；传送，输送 vi. 传送，输送 (2)→transmission n. 传送；传递；传达；传播；传染；(电子信号、信息或广播、电视节目的)播送；(车辆的)传动装置，变速器
7. respiratory adj. 呼吸的(2)→respire vi. 呼吸→respiration n. 呼吸
8. contaminate vt. 污染，弄脏；玷污，毒害(2)→contamination n. 污染；污染物(20)→contaminant n. 致污物；污染物
9. ventilation n. 通风(2)→ventilate vt. 使(房间、建筑物等)通风；使通气→ventilator n. 通风设备；通风口
10. threat n. 威胁；恐吓；凶兆；征兆；构成威胁的人；形成威胁的事物(2)→threaten vt. & vi. 扬言要；威胁；恐吓；预示凶兆；有……危险；危及；对……构成威胁(12)
11. variant n. 变种，变体，变形(3)→variable adj. 多变的；易变的；变化无常的；可变的；可更改的 n.可变因素；变量
12. vaccine n. 疫苗(3)→vaccinate vt. 给……接种疫苗→vaccinal adj. 疫苗的；接种的
13. spirit n. 精神；心灵；情绪；心境(3)→spiritual adj. 精神的；心灵的；宗教的
14. hygiene n. 卫生(3)→hygienic adj. 卫生的
15. medical adj. 医疗的(3)→medication n. 药，药物(6)→medicate vt. 给……用药；用药物治疗(7)
16. professional adj. 职业的，专业的；有职业的；娴熟的；职业性的 n. 专门人员；专业人士；专家；职业运动员；内行(3)→profession n. (需要专门技能，尤指需要较高教育水平的某一)行业；职业；(某)职业界(49)
17. secure adj. 可靠的；安心的；有把握的；稳固的；安全的；稳妥的 vt. (尤指经过努力)获得，实现；拴牢；扣紧(3)→security n. 安全；担保；保护措施；安全工作；保卫部门；保安部门；保证；抵押品(9)
18. recover vt. & vi. 恢复健康；康复；痊愈；复原；追回；全额收回(5)→recovery n. 恢复；痊愈；改善；回升；复苏(6)
19. assume vt. 假定；假设；认为；承担(责任)(6)→assumption n. 假定；假设；(责任的)承担；担任；(权力的)获得
20. irritate vt. 刺激；使烦恼(6)→irritation n. 恼怒(尤指事情无法阻止或控制时)；恼人的事；刺激→irritating adj. 恼人的；有刺激性的→irritatingly adv. 恼人地
21. excessive adj. 过分的，过度的(7)→excessively adv. 过分地，极度地→excess n. 过分，过度；超过的量 adj. 过度的；超额的；额外的；附加的
22. financial adj. 财政的；财务的；金融的；有钱的 (9)→finance n. 资金；财政；金融；财务；(个人、组织、国家的)财力，财源，财务管理 vt. 提供资金
23. attachment n. (用电子邮件发送的)附件；依恋，爱慕；(机器的)附件；连接，连接物；暂时隶属于(9)→attach vt. & vi. 把……固定，把……附(在……上)；重视；认为有重要性(或意义、价值、分量等)；(有时不受欢迎或未受邀请而)参加，缠着；(使)与……有联系
24. reliable adj. 可信赖的；可依靠的；真实可信的； 可靠的(9)→reliance n. 依赖；依靠；信任(17)→rely vi. 依靠；依赖；信赖(27)
25. disorder n. 失调，紊乱，疾病；杂乱，混乱，凌乱；骚乱，动乱(11)→disordered adj. 杂乱的；混乱的；凌乱的；(身心)失调的，紊乱的
26. interfere vi. 干涉，干预，介入(11)→interference n. 干涉，干预，介入；(无线电信号的)干扰
27. exhibit vt. 表现，显示，显出(感情、品质或能力)；展览，展出 vi. 展览，展出 n. (一件)展览品，陈列品(12)→exhibition n. 展览品；展览；表现
28. chill n. 着凉，受寒；寒冷，寒意，凉意(13)→chilly adj. 寒冷的；阴冷的；不友好的；冷淡的
29. rash n. 皮疹，疹 adj. 轻率的，鲁莽的(13)→rashly adv. 鲁莽地；贸然；轻率地→rashness n. 鲁莽；轻率
(三) 合成并记(2组)
1. cybercrime n. 网络犯罪(9)
2. underworld n. 黑社会，黑道，犯罪集团(12)
(四) 短语强记(7组)
1. pull together 齐心协力，通力合作(3)
2. join forces with 同……联合，与……合作(3)
3. in record time 以最快的速度(3)
4. do one's worst 进行最大破坏，使尽最坏的招数(3)
5. part with 放弃，交出(9)
6. drop one's guard 放松警惕(9)
7. fight off 抵抗，击退(13)
(五) 重点例释(14组)
1. infect vt. 传染，使感染；传染，使感染(计算机病毒)；使感染(某种感情)，影响
(1) disinfect vt. 给……消毒；给(电脑)杀毒
(2) disinfect the room/wound 给房间/伤口消毒
(3) disinfection n. 消毒
①A single mosquito can infect a large number of people.
一只蚊子就能传染很多人。
②This virus infected thousands of computers within days.
这种病毒在短短几天内感染了数千台计算机。
③She infected the children with her enthusiasm for music.
她对音乐的热爱感染了孩子们。
④She intended to be a doctor, but a serious eye infection forced her to abandon the idea.
她想成为一名医生，但是严重的眼部感染迫使她放弃了这个想法。
⑤Put the chicks out for a couple of minutes and then disinfect the nest with an insecticide.
把小鸡仔拿出去几分钟，然后用杀虫剂给窝消毒。
2. variant n. 变种，变体，变形
(1) variety n. (同一事物的)不同种类
(2) variation n. (数量、水平等的)变化，变更；变体
(3) vary vi. 相异；变更 vt. 改变
(4) vary/differ in sth (在大小、形状等方面)相异，不同
【辨析】variant、various、varied、variable
*variant n. 变种，变体，强调“具有的统一特征”。
*various adj. 各种各样的；多姿多彩的，强调“同一范畴内的不同种类”，常放在名词复数前做定语。
*varied adj. 由许多种类和形式组成的，多变的，强调“变”。
*variable adj. 可变的；易变的(天气等情况)，强调“不稳定，变化无常的”。
①The girl was so happy to find a variety of flowers/varieties of flowers in the garden.
这个女孩很高兴在花园里发现了各种各样的花。
②Prices have not shown much variation this year.
今年物价没显示出多大变化。
③The prices of some goods vary with the season.
某些货物的价格随着季节的变化而浮动。
④This game is a variant of baseball.
这项运动是由棒球演变而来的。
⑤Our shop sells hats in various shapes, colours and sizes.
我们的商店出售各种不同形状、颜色、尺码的帽子。
⑥It is essential that your diet is varied and balanced.
重要的是你的饮食应当是多样而均衡的。
⑦The variable weather is a great trial to me.
这种多变的天气真是让我受不了。
3. pull together 齐心协力，通力合作
(1) pull away (from sth)开动
(2) pull sb/sth down 使扫兴；拆毁(建筑物)
(3) pull in 进站停靠；驶向路边(或某处)停靠
(4) pull off 驶向路边短暂停车；做成，完成(困难的事情)
(5) pull out 驶离路边；驶出
(6) pull over 驶向路边；向路边停靠(或让车)
(7) pull through 康复；完成
(8) pull one's leg 捉弄；和……开玩笑
(9) pull a rabbit out of the hat 突然提出解决方法；突施妙计
①Stop crying and pull yourself together!
别哭了，振作起来！
②The bus pulled away before I realized I had left my bag on it.
在我意识到我的包落在车上前，这辆公共汽车已经开走了。
③The church, of which the ceiling was covered with colorful designs and pictures, was pulled down by the workers last week.
这座天花板上满是多彩的图案和图画的教堂，上星期被工人们拆掉了。
④The express from Rome pulled in on time.
从罗马来的快车准时进站了。
⑤You had better get a doctor to pull out your bad tooth.
你最好请医生拔掉你的坏牙。
⑥The train pulled out of the station as scheduled in spite of the heavy snow.
尽管下大雪，火车还是按时驶出了车站。
⑦If you get tired, pull over and rest.
要是累了，你就停车靠边休息。
⑧His injuries are serious but he is expected to pull through.
他的伤很严重，但是大家都认为他会恢复健康的。
⑨—Hey, you fellow! Would you like to come and taste the dishes I have cooked
—Don't pull my leg. You don't even know how to fry an egg.
——嘿，小伙子！想来尝尝我做的菜吗？
——别开玩笑了，你甚至不知道如何煎蛋。
⑩I thought we were going bankrupt, but my partner pulled a rabbit out of the hat and we landed a major contract.
我本以为我们就要破产了，但是我的伙伴突然提出了解决方案，然后我们签了一个大合同。
4. join forces with 同……联合，与……合作
(1) join vt. & vi. 参加；加入；连接；结合
(2) force vt. 强迫，迫使；强行 n. 力；力量；暴力
(3) forceful adj. 强有力的；有说服力的
(4) in force 已生效，在实施中
(5) by force 靠武力，强行
【辨析】take part in、join in、participate in、join、attend
前三者可视语境互换，表示参加活动，但侧重点不同
*take part in指参加群众性活动、会议、劳动、游行等，往往指参加者持有积极的态度、起一份作用。
*join in通常指参加某种活动，尤其指和其他人一起参加。
*participate in通常指参与并分享其中的快乐。
*join指加入某党派、组织、社会团体以及参军、入团等。
*attend指出席，尤指比较正式的场合。
①He joined the army.
他参军了。
②You mustn't try and force people into doing things they don't want to.
不要强人所难。
③We should take an active part in school activities.
我们应该积极参加学校的活动。
④I hope you'll all join in the discussion.
我希望你们大家都参与讨论。
⑤Everyone in the class is expected to participate in the discussion.
希望全班同学都参与到讨论中来。
⑥He did not attend the meeting yesterday.
昨天他没有参加会议。
5. in record time 以最快的速度
(1) record n. 记录；唱片 vt. & vi. 录制；记录
①set a record 创造纪录
②break a record 打破纪录
③hold the world record 保持世界纪录
④keep a record of 记录……
⑤on record 有记录以来
⑥recorder n. 录音机
(2) time n. 时间；时刻；一段时间；时机；次，回；倍；(常用复数)时代 vt. 为……安排时间；计时
①every time 每次
②each time 每次
③any time 随时
④(the) next time 下次
⑤(the) last time 上次/最后一次
⑥the first time 第一次
⑦in time 经过一段时间之后；迟早；最后
⑧It's (high/about) time (that)＋主语＋did/should do sth (是)该做某事的时候了
【注意】(2)部分中①～⑥常用作连词，引导时间状语从句，其中①～③不用冠词，④和⑤中的冠词可以省略，而⑥中的冠词不能省略。
①I got to work in record time.
我以历来最快的速度赶去上班。
②I've been there three times.
我去过那儿三次。
③Our country is three times bigger than theirs.
我们的国家比他们的国家大三倍。
④Now times have changed.
现在时代变了。
⑤Next time you're in London come and visit us.
你下次来伦敦可以过来探望我们。
⑥Do look me up next time you're in London.
你下次到伦敦，一定要来找我。
⑦It's high time that you concentrated/should concentrate on your work at hand!
＝It is time to concentrate on your work at hand!
是你该集中精力做好手边工作的时候了。
⑧The little boy has a gift for drawing. He will be a painter in time.
那个小男孩有绘画的天赋。他迟早会成为一个画家的。
6. do one's worst 进行最大破坏，使尽最坏的招数
(1) bad adj. (worse, worst) 坏的；质量差的；有害；不适合的；不道德的；觉得不舒服的
(2) from bad to worse 每况愈下，越来越糟
(3) what's worse/worse still 更糟糕的是
(4) badly adv. 拙劣地；严重地；很，非常
(5) badly off 贫穷的(其反义词为well off)
①He can't harm us now—let him do his worst.
他现在不能伤害我们了——让他使出最卑劣的手段吧。
②Bad news has wings.
坏事传千里/坏消息不胫而走。
③He has got a bad cold.
他患了重感冒。
④His temper is going from bad to worse these days.
这些日子，他的脾气愈变愈坏。
⑤She was badly hurt when she fell from the ladder.
她从梯子上跌下来，伤得很严重。
⑥Most of these people aren't very well off.
这些人大都不算太富裕。
7. lining n. (身体器官内壁的) 膜；衬层，内衬，衬里
(1) line n. 线；线条；排；行；线路；路线；(常用复数)台词 vt. 沿……形成行
(2) line up 排队；站队；排成一行
(3) in line 成一直线，成一排
(4) in line with 与……一致
(5) Every cloud has a silver lining. 黑暗中总有一线光明。
①Most likely it is in the lining of my coat.
那东西很可能在我上衣的衬层里。
②Sign your name on the dotted line.
请在虚线上签名。
③I had been standing in line for three hours.
我已经排队3个小时了。
④The structure of our schools is now broadly in line with the major countries of the world.
我们的学校建构现在基本上与世界主要国家的相一致了。
⑤As they say, every cloud has a silver lining. We have drawn lessons from the decisions taken.
正如他们所说，黑暗中总有一线光明。我们已从所做的决定中汲取了教训。
8. medication n. 药，药物
①Many flu medications are available without a prescription.
许多流感药不用处方就可以买到。
②In order to keep informed of the latest news in the medical field, we subscribe to all the main medical journals.
为了随时了解医疗领域的最新消息，我们订阅了所有主要的医学杂志。
③His pale face suggested that he doesn't feel himself, and his wife urged that he have a medical examination.
他苍白的脸色暗示他身体不正常，他妻子催促他去做一次体检。
④I actually forgot to take medicine.
我居然忘了吃药。
⑤He wants his son to go into medicine.
他希望儿子学医。
9. part with 放弃，交出
(1) part n. 部分；部件；角色
vi. 离开；分别
vt. 分开；分离
(2) in part 部分地；在某种程度上
(3) part of或a part of表示“……一部分”
【注意】part of … 做主语时，谓语通常与of后名词的数保持一致。
(4) take part in 参加
(5) play a part in 扮演一个角色；起作用
①Buyers might require further assurances before parting with their cash.
买方在付现之前可能要求提供进一步的担保。
②He keeps holding the china cup and simply couldn't part with it.
他拿着那个瓷杯把玩，爱不释手。
③It is selling very well, in part because the packaging is so attractive.
这个卖得非常好，部分原因是包装非常吸引人。
④He gave me the envelope and we parted.
他给了我那个信封，我们就告别了。
⑤Only part of the story is true.
这个故事只有部分情节是真实的。
10. attachment n. (用电子邮件发送的) 附件；依恋，爱慕；(机器的) 附件；连接，连接物；暂时隶属于
①When you send an e mail, you can also send a sound or graphic file as an attachment.
在发送电子邮件时，你也可以附上一份声音或图片文件。
②She has a great attachment to her sister.
她十分依恋她的姐姐。
③One day, when I opened my book, I found a beautiful card attached to the first page, giving me best wishes.
一天，当我打开书本的时候，我发现了附在第一页上的一张漂亮的卡片，给了我最好的祝福。
④I'll attach my comments to this page.
我将把我的评语附在这页上。
⑤My parents always attach great importance to my getting a good education.
我的父母很重视让我得到良好的教育。
11. drop one's guard 放松警惕
(1) guard n. 卫兵；保卫，看守
vt. 保卫，守卫；监视，看守
(2) on guard 警戒，站岗
①Even if the girl knew that I was full of good intentions, she didn't drop her guard.
即使这个女孩知道我是一片好意，她也没有放松警惕。
②The camp guards are changed every night.
营地的哨兵每晚轮换。
③The soldiers were on guard outside the airport.
士兵在机场外站岗。
④When realizing the guard of the supermarket had spotted him, the thief made for the exit quickly.
意识到超市保安已经发现了他，小偷迅速向出口走去。
⑤A helmet guards your head against injuries.
头盔可以保护你的头部免受伤害。
12. disorder n. 失调，紊乱，疾病；杂乱，混乱，凌乱；骚乱，动乱
(1) order n. 顺序；秩序；命令，指示；订购，订货 vt. & vi. 订购，订货；点(酒菜等)；命令，要求
(2) give orders 下命令
(3) take orders 接受命令
(4) in order 按顺序，井然有序；准备好，就绪
(5) out of order 顺序乱的(地)；行为不当；出故障
(6) in order to 为了……(后接动词原形)
(7) in order that 为了……(后接从句)
【注意】order后接that从句时，表示“命令”，从句谓语通常用“(should)＋动词原形”这样的虚拟语气。
①While being shy is normal, it is when the shyness interferes with an individual's daily communication with others that it becomes a disorder.
尽管害羞很正常，但是当害羞妨碍了个人和他人的日常交流时，它就变成了一种失调。
②Shortly after the accident, two dozen police went to the spot to keep order.
事故发生后不久，二十四名警察到现场维持秩序。
③He ordered himself a new suit.＝He ordered a new suit for himself.
他为自己订购了一套西装。
④Mother was always scolding him for leaving things out of order, but to her satisfaction, he put them in order today.
妈妈总是斥责他乱放东西，但令她满意的是，他今天放的东西井然有序。
⑤In order to catch the first bus, he got up very early this morning.
为了赶上第一班公共汽车，他今天早上起得很早。
⑥In order that he should not be late, his mother woke him up at 6.
为了让他不迟到，他母亲六点就叫醒了他。
13. exhibit vt. 表现，显示，显出(感情、品质或能力)；展览，展出 vi. 展览，展出 n. (一件)展览品，陈列品
①They will be exhibiting their new designs at the trade fairs.
他们将在贸易会上展出他们新的设计。
②He exhibits regularly in local art galleries.
他经常在当地的画廊举办画展。
③He has exhibited symptoms of anxiety and overwhelming worry.
他表现出焦躁不安和过度忧虑的症状。
④The new exhibit will tour a dozen US cities next year.
这个新展品明年将在美国十二座城市巡回展出。
⑤Some of the children's paintings are now on exhibition at the school.
学生的一些画作正在这所学校展览。
14. fight off 抵抗，击退
(1) fight n. 争论；打架，搏斗；战斗；竞赛 vi. & vt. (fought, fought)打仗，战斗；打架；与……作斗争，极力反对；努力争取
(2) fight with 与……交战，与……争辩
(3) fight against 对……作战，与……作斗争；为反对……而战
(4) fight for 为……而战；努力争取……
(5) fight about 为……打架
(6) fighter n. 战士，战斗者；战斗机，歼击机
①Sleeping better may help fight off illness.
好的睡眠能够抵御疾病。
②We had quite a fight on the subject.
在这个问题上我们争论得颇为激烈。
③We are prepared to fight for every inch of territory.
我们时刻准备着为每一寸领土而战。
④He fought against the illness for two years.
他跟疾病斗争了两年。
⑤It's high time that we fought against spreading false information on the Internet.
是我们反对在互联网上传播虚假信息的时候了。
二、 短语扩充
(一) 英汉对记(45组)
1. infect neighbouring cells(P2) 感染邻近细胞
2. cause damage to the body's organs and tissues 对身体器官和组织造成损害
3. a highly infectious disease 一种传染性很强的疾病
4. be transmitted easily and swiftly from person to person 很容易迅速在人与人之间传播
5. an object contaminated with the virus 被病毒污染的物体
6. spaces with poor ventilation 通风不畅的空间
7. unknowing carriers and spreaders of the virus 不知情的病毒携带者和传播者
8. on a global scale 在全球范围内
9. round the clock(P3) 夜以继日
10. risk their own lives 冒着他们的生命危险
11. all walks of life 各行各业
12. shine at its brightest 闪耀着最灿烂的光芒
13. personal hygiene 个人卫生
14. wear a face mask 戴口罩
15. protect yourself from viruses 保护自己免受病毒侵害
16. receive vaccines 接种疫苗
17. build up immunity against certain infectious diseases 增强对某些传染病的免疫力
18. seek medical attention 就医，寻求医疗救助
19. follow professional advice 遵循专业人士的建议
20. accept our individual responsibilities 承担起我们个人的责任
21. pay closer attention to(P6) 更密切关注
22. pull a muscle 拉伤肌肉
23. lose one's appetite 失去胃口
24. on the contrary 相反
25. in a relatively short span of time(P9) 在相对较短的时间内
26. exchange information and conduct business 交换信息并开展业务
27. due to its wide reach and relative privacy 由于其广泛的覆盖范围和相对隐私
28. avoid becoming a victim 避免成为受害者
29. trick you into parting with your money 骗你挥霍钱财
30. block you from accessing your own data 阻止你获取自己的数据
31. suffer a ransomware attack 遭到勒索软件攻击
32. turn on your spam blocker 打开你的垃圾邮件拦截器
33. have reliable antivirus software 有可靠的防病毒软件
34. never drop your guard 绝不放松警惕
35. in the front line of the fight against drugs(P11) 在禁毒斗争的前线
36. destroy people's physical and mental well being 摧毁人们的身心健康
37. exaggerate the scale of the problem 夸大问题的严重性
38. as a whole 整体而言；总体上
39. fuel their habit 助长他们的习惯
40. lead to financial hardship 导致经济困难
41. exhibit violent behaviour(P12) 表现出暴力行为
42. threaten public safety 威胁公共安全
43. eat away at the fabric of society 侵蚀社会结构
44. an escape from the stresses of everyday life 逃避日常生活的压力
45. be of vital importance 至关重要
(二) 同词类记(2组)
● come(11)
1. come about 发生
2. come down 崩塌；落下；降落；下降，降低
3. come in 进入，进来；(赛跑等比赛中)取得(名次)
4. come into 开始进入(某状态)
5. come into force 开始生效，开始实施
6. come into effect 生效
7. come into being 出现
8. come into operation 开始运行，开始生效
9. come into (wide) use 开始被(广泛)使用
e to mind 想到，出现在脑海中
11. come under 遭受；归入，归类
● turn(9)
1. turn on 打开；接通(电流、煤气、水等)
2. turn off 关掉；截断(电流、煤气、水等)
3. turn in 交还，退还；上交，提交；向内
4. turn out 结果是，证明是；向外
5. turn up 开大，调高(音量、热量等)
6. turn down 把……调低
7. turn … into 把……变成
8. turn to 翻到；转向；向……求助
9. turn … over 翻身；认真思考
三、 精选句型
1. An enemy appeared without warning, attacking its unsuspecting victims with efficiency. (P2)
2. This silent and invisible enemy swiftly moved through communities and secretly crossed borders. (P2)
3. Once entering the body, the virus multiplies inside the cell quickly and infects neighbouring cells. (P2)
4. However, in some cases, the virus causes the body's own immune system to overreact, resulting in the body killing its own healthy cells. (P2)
5. Consequently, the disease can become worse, causing damage to the body's organs andtissues. (P2)
6. Governments also joined forces with leading research institutes so that vaccines could be developed, produced, distributed and administered in record time. (P3)
7. Secondly, when in public places, you can wear a face mask to protect yourself from viruses. (P3)
8. By staying alert and following professional advice, we not only protect ourselves, but also help protect our fellow citizens. (P3)
9. Only by working together, while accepting our individual responsibilities, can we solve both national and global problems. (P3)
10. We need to support each other so that we can march confidently, arm in arm, into a better and more secure future. (P3)
11. It is said that we should look after our body as it is the only place we have to live in.(P6)
12. For one thing, I was too lazy to drag myself to the hospital. For another, I thought I knew what I was doing. (P6)
13. Not only did my back pain get worse, but I also started having a stomach ache. (P6)
14. I learnt the hard way that when it comes to our own health, we should seek professional medical advice at the first sign of trouble. (P6)
15. It was estimated that as of January 2021, there were 4.66 billion active Internet users globally, representing almost 60% of the world's population. (P9)
16. Cybercriminals trick you into parting with your money, infecting your computer with a virus to steal your personal data, or blocking you from accessing your own data until a ransom is paid. (P9)
17. It is also a good idea to keep your software and operating system up to date by downloading and installing the latest security patches. (P9)
18. So, next time you go online, never drop your guard. (P9)
19. There is no simple answer to this question, but there are well identified risk factors for drug abuse. (P12)
20. The more you know about the terrible consequences of taking drugs, the more likely you are to stay away from them. (P12)
四、 语法指南
连接词语(Linking words)
英语写作中通常会使用一定数量的连接性词语，以增强文章的连贯性、逻辑性和可读性。
(一) 表示因果关系的连接词语
常见的有：therefore、as a result (of)、due to、owing to、on account of、thanks to、because (of)、since等。
①A terrible earthquake happened in this city; as a result, it was completely destroyed.
②As a result of the timely rain, all the crops were saved.
③Thanks to the automobile, people soon had a freedom of movement previously unknown.
(二) 表示递进关系的连接词语
常见的有：besides、moreover、what's more、what's worse/to make the matter worse/worse still/worse than all/worse than ever等。
You are sure to recover from your illness, because you're not seriously ill, and what's more, you have a good doctor.
(三) 表达公认观点的连接词语
常见的有：as we all know、as is known to all等。
①As we all know, China is rich in natural resources.
②As is known to all, the Chinese people are hard working and brave.
(四) 表达个人观点的连接词语
常见的有：as far as I know/as far as I'm concerned、in my opinion/I am of the opinion、in my eyes/as I see it/it seems to me等。
①As far as I know, Mary is never late for school.
②In my opinion, this suggestion makes sense.
(五) 表达并列观点的连接词语
常见的有：and、at the same time/in the meanwhile、on the other hand、in addition等。
①You should care for your students; in the meanwhile, you should be strict with them.
②I will read a story this evening; in addition, I will write a letter.
③You should believe in yourself; on the other hand, you should be modest.
(六) 表示普遍规律的连接词语
常见的有：generally speaking、in general、as you can imagine等。
①Generally speaking, boys are taller than girls.
②In general, physics is more difficult than chemistry.
(七) 表示总结的连接词语
常见的有：in a word、altogether、all in all、to sum up等。
①She is kind, clever and diligent. In a word/Altogether, she is lovely.
②All in all, Japan is widely acknowledged to be one of the most earthquake prepared nations.
(八) 表示特定心情的连接词语
常见的有：to one's joy/delight/surprise/disappointment/satisfaction/pride等。
①To our joy/delight, our team won all the games.
②To our disappointment, he didn't pass the driving test.
③To our surprise, he dared to get angry with his teacher.
④To our satisfaction, he worked out the difficult problem at his first attempt.
(九) 表示转折、对比的连接词语
常见的有：however、nevertheless、on the contrary等。
①This kind of fruit is not very good to look at. However/Nevertheless, it is very sweet to eat.
②It's no trouble at all; on the contrary, it will be a great pleasure to help you.
(十) 表示顺序的连接词语
常见的有：first、second、then、finally/at last/in the end等。
①I will read many books this evening. First, I'll begin with this book.
②First, he saw a film. Then, he went swimming.
五、 话题写作
(一) 佳句积累
1. In my opinion, your knowledge needs updating/to be updated. (need做实义动词)
2. In the eyes of me, health is the most important thing in the world. (最高级)
3. Thanks to your encouragement, my daughter became more confident. (thanks to)
4. You must give up smoking, because it will cost you much money, and what's worse, it will do harm to your health. (状语从句)
5. You should make good use of your time; at the same time, you should pay attention to your study method. (并列句)
6. All in all, it is not good for us to learn to smoke. (it做形式主语)
7. His suggestion is practical and easy to perform. In a word, it is a good one. (总结句)
8. To our pride, our son was admitted into a key university. (to one's＋n.)
9. Some students think playing computer games is good for us. However, other students don't think so. (转折)
10. At first, he was very excited, but in the end he calmed down. (转折)
(二) 佳作欣赏
假定你是李华，你所在的城市正在宣传戒烟，你校参加了此项活动。请你为此写一篇简短的演讲稿，介绍你所了解到的关于吸烟、禁烟的有关情况。内容包括：
1. 吸烟的危害；
2. 戒烟难的原因；
3. 禁止吸烟的措施。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式作答。
Ladies and gentlemen，
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
Thank you.
One possible version：
Ladies_and_gentlemen,_
It is almost known to all that smoking is bad for people's health. Scientific studies show that smoking can lead to heart disease, cancer and other problems.
Still, many people find it difficult to stop smoking. One reason is that smoking usually becomes a habitual behaviour. Another reason is the effect of nicotine—the substance found in cigarettes works on people somewhat as drugs do.
Measures have been taken to help people keep away from the harm of smoking in many cities. Smoking is forbidden in public places. Newspapers are asked not to publish advertisements for cigarettes. “World No Tobacco Day” is observed every year as the biggest campaign against smoking.
Thank_you.

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