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人教版英语 必修第三册
Period 3 Discovering Useful Structure
Unit 5 The Value of Money
Modal Verbs & The Future Past Tense
---Part A Mordal Verbs
According the literal interpretation of modal verbs, we can know that its definition is:
Modal verbs means the speaker’s tone, emotion or attitude to some kind of action and state, expressing requirement, obligation, intention and so on.
Definition of modal verbs
望文生义，情态动词表示说话人对某一动作和状态的情感态度和语气, 表示“需要、应当、可以、必须等。
Kind of modal verbs
原形 过去式 词义
can
may
must
will
shall
could
能；能够
might
无
would
should
可以；可能
必须；一定是
将(要)；愿意
应该
原形 过去式 词义
need
dare
have to
ought to
used to
无
需要；必要
dared
had to
无
无
敢；敢于
不得不；必须
应该
过去常常
Underline the modal verbs in the following sentences and understand its definition and functions.
Functions of modal verbs
1.Roderick: Young man, would you step inside a moment, please (表_________)
2.Rodercik: If you don’t mind, may I ask you how much money you have (表_________)
3.Henry: It may seem lucky to you. Now if you’ll excuse me, I ought to be on my way.
(表_________) (表_________)
4.Roderick: You mustn’t think we don’t care about you.
(表_________)
_____
委婉请求
委婉请求
推测
委婉请求
推测
___
___
_______
______
Functions of modal verbs
5.May you have good journey! (表_____)
Summary: 情态动词表示_________，_____、____、建议、意愿、禁止等。
委婉请求
祝愿
推测
___
祝愿
1．不能单独作______，除ought to和used to以外，后面只能接不带to的不定式
2．没有______和___的变化。但有些情态动词，如can，will，dare有一般时和过去时的变化。
3．情态动词的“时态”的形式并不是区分时间的主要标志。不少情况下，情态动词的现在时形式和过去时形式都可用来表示现在时间、过去时间或将来时间
Basic usage of modal verbs
谓语
人称
数
1．can和could
More about modal verbs
(1)表示能力，常译为“__________” 例如：
I can speak Japanese。but I can’t write it．我会说日语，但是不会写
(2)表示允许，常译为“_______”；could还可以表示更加委婉地请求或许可例如：
① 一Can／Could I have a look at your photos 我可以看看你的照片吗
一Of course you can．当然可以了。
②You can smoke in this room.你可以在这间屋子里吸烟。
能，会
可以
1．can和could
More about modal verbs
(3)表示对现在或过去情况的______，只用________或_________中例如：
①一Can she be in the classroom 她可能在教室吗
一NO，she can’t be in it．不，她不可能在教室里。
②Can what he said be true 他说的可能是真的吗
(4)用于肯定的陈述旬中，表示理论上或习惯上的可能性。例如：
①Accidents can happen at any time．事故随时会发生
②It could be very interesting to go out for a drive．
出去开车兜风可能会很有趣 (could比can的可能性小)
推测
疑问句
否定句
1．can和could
More about modal verbs
辨析 can(could)/be able to
(1)can只有______时和______时could．而be able to则有更多的时态变化，在将来时，完成时和非谓语动词中只能用be able to。
(2)can一般指______________。而be able to则表示经过一段时间的______后所具有的能力，相当于____________或succeed in doing。例如：
This time l failed in the exam, but I’11 be able to pass the exam next time．这次我考试不及格．但下次我能考试及格 (经过努力)
现在
过去
自身具有的能力
努力
manage to do
should have done
本该做某事（而实际上未做）
shouldn't have done
本不该做某事（而实际上做了）
你本该寻求帮助的。
You should have asked for some help.
你本不该告诉她这个消息的。
You shouldn’t have told her the news.
must have done
一定做了
can't have done
肯定没做
I didn't hear the phone. I _______________________
(我刚才没有听到电话，我想必是睡着了。)
must have been asleep
She ___________________, for her bike is still here.
(她肯定没离开学校，因为她的自行车还在这里。)
can’t have left school
must: 推测现在或正发生的事情：must be doing
他现在肯定呆在那里。
He must be staying there.
must表示猜测。意为“想必, 准是, 一定”, 只用于肯定句。
* The book must be the one you want.
这本书一定是你要的那本。
must还可表示“偏要”。表示说话人不耐烦、不满的情绪。
* Why must it rain on Sunday？
为什么偏要在星期天下雨？
must用于一般疑问句中,
肯定: must
否定: needn’t/don’t have to（不必），
mustn’t表示“禁止，不允许”
— Must I finish all assignments at a time
—Yes, you______.
No, you ___________ .
must
needn't / don’t have to
dare/need
1. 作情态动词时，主要用于否定句、疑问句和条件从
句中，一般不用在肯定句中。
你怎么敢说我不公平？
How dare you say I’m unfair
你不必这么早过来？
You needn’t come so early.
他不敢回答问题。
He doesn't dare (to) answer.
你不需要自己动手。
You didn't need to do it yourself.
2. dare和need作实义动词时，其否定和疑问的构成需
借助do/did/does，need后面接带to的不定式，而在
疑问句和否定句中，dare后可省去to。有时态、人
称和数的变化。
Read the passage and fill in the blanks with suitable modal verbs in the box.
may must can ought to might
had better would should
In the film The Million Pound Bank Note, Henry Adams is stuck in a foreign country without money and friends, and with nowhere to stay. While this situation _____ seem unusual, it can sometimes happen to travellers. In case it happens to you on a trip abroad, what ________ you do First, and most importantly, you ________stay calm. Fear _____ cause you to become confused. You need to think clearly.
may
should
must
can
Read the passage and fill in the blanks with suitable modal verbs in the box.
may must can ought to might
had better would should
Second, you should go to your nearest consulate. They ________ be able to help to some extent. Third, you ______ do well to check with some local charities. They ______offer help to travellers in need. Fourth, you _________avoid getting into trouble. You ______ think that stealing some money or food would help you, but you should not do so. Getting caught ______ ruin your life.
ought to
would
might
had better
might
would
II. The past future tense 过去将来时
一、定义
过去将来时，表示从过去某一时间来看，将要发生的动作或存在的状态。
可包括过去的预测，过去的承诺，过去的决定以及过去的习惯。
二、结构
1. would+动词原形
The weather forecast（预测，预报） said it would rain, so I took my umbrella.
We heard that he would be promoted in August.
You told me that you would come to see me!
He would be on duty at the library in the afternoons.
A. Past predictions B. Past promises C. Past decisions D. Past habits
A
B
C
D
2. was/were going to+动词原形
She told me she was going to post the parcel.
*与would+动词原形相比，was/were going to+动词原
形有打算、计划的含义。
3. was/were about to do
表示说话的瞬间将要发生的动作。
We were about to go there when it begin to rain.
Complete the following sentences that describe the future using either form of the given verbs.
1. Philip bought two tickets for The Phantom of the Opera. He __________
___________________ (watch) with his girlfriend on the weekend.
2. I was so surprised at the news that David ___________________________
(play) the role of the dinosaur in the play that I gave him a hug out of joy.
3. Lily decided that she ___________________________ (settle) in New York
and pursue her dream of becoming an actress.
4. Hey, Timmy. I ________________ (call) you. But now that you are here, I
don't have to.
5. The competition was so close that no one was sure who ________________
(win)the Best Actor award
6. Jim is not here right now. He said he ______________________ (be) on
duty at the library this afternoon.
would watch
/ was going to watch
would play /was going to play
would settle / was going to settle
was going to call
would win
would be/was going to be
英语中八种常见时态常用时间状语归纳
一、一般现在时
1. 概念：表示现阶段经常发生的动作或现在的某种状况，也表示客观事实、客观规律或客观真理。主语是第一，二人称时，谓语动词要用原形，主语是第三人称时，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。
2. 常见时间状语标志：always, often, sometimes, usually, every day, on Sundays, once a day / week / month等。例如：I do some exercise every day. 我每天做一些锻炼。She knows French and German besides English. 除英语外，她还懂法语和德语。The sun rises in the east. 太阳从东边升起。
do,does
英语中八种常见时态常用时间状语归纳
二、一般将来时
1. 概念：表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态，以及打算、计划或准备做某事。
2. 常见时间状语标志：tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next day / week / month / year…, this week / month / year, soon, in + 时间状语 (如in one hour / in a few minutes等)，in the future, in future等。
例如：
I’ll take you there tomorrow. 我明天带你去那儿。　
Next month we will have our school open day. 下个月我们将迎来学校开放日。
The Talent Show is coming in two weeks’ time. 新秀选拔演出还有两周时间就要到了。
will do; be going to do
be to do; be about to do
英语中八种常见时态常用时间状语归纳
三、一般过去时
1. 概念：表示在过去的某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，也表示过去习惯性、经常性的动作。谓语动词要用过去时。
2. 常见时间状语标志：yesterday, the day before yesterday, last night / week / month, 时间词 + ago (如three days ago), in / on + 过去的时间词 (如in 2010), just now, at that time, in those days, one day, once upon a time等。
例如：
Two years ago she bought an expensive mountain bike. 两年前，她买了一辆昂贵的山地自行车。
Last year, however, nearly twenty billion tons of rice was produced. 然而，去年的稻谷产量接
近200亿吨。
did
英语中八种常见时态常用时间状语归纳
四、现在进行时
1. 概念：表示现在正在进行的动作，或现阶段正在进行的动作。现在进行时由“am / is / are + 现在分词”构成。
2. 常见时间状语标志：now, at this time, at this moment, at present等。
例如：
Now she is planning our schedule for the trip. 现在她正在为旅行制定时间表。
Today the number of people learning English in China is increasing rapidly. 当今在中国学习英语的人数正在迅速增长。
注意：不用进行时的动词：
① 表示感官的动词：如see (看见)， hear (听见)，feel (感觉出)，taste (尝出)，smell (闻到)， notice (注意到)，observe (观察到) 等。
② 表示某种情感或精神状态的动词：如believe, doubt, feel (= have an opinion), hate, image, know, (dis)like, love, prefer, realize, appreciate, recognize, remember, see (= understand), suppose, think (= have an opinion), understand, want, wish等。
③ 一些用于交际和应答的动词：如agree, appear, astonish, deny, disagree, impress, look (= seem), mean, please, promise, satisfy, seem, surprise等。
④ 表示所属、类似、构成等关系的动词和系动词，如：be, belong, concern, consist, contain, depend, deserve, fit, include, involve, lack, matter, measure (= have length etc.), need, owe, own, possess, weigh (= have weight)。
am/is/are doing
英语中八种常见时态常用时间状语归纳
五、过去进行时
1. 概念：表示过去某时刻正在进行的动作，或过去某一阶段一直在进行的动作，过去进行时由“was / were + 现在分词”构成。
2. 常见时间状语标志：(just) then, at that time, yesterday afternoon, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from 9 to 10 last evening / night, those days等。
例如：
May I ask what you were doing in my restaurant yesterday 请问你昨天到我的餐馆里来干什么？
It was a cold day and his jacket was lying on the back of a chair. 天很冷，他的夹克衫搭在椅背上。
3. 过去进行时和一般过去时的区别：过去进行时表示过去某时正在进行的动作，强调动作的连续性；而一般过去时则表示一个完成的动作。
was/were doing
英语中八种常见时态常用时间状语归纳
六、现在完成时
1. 概念：1) 表示动作发生在过去，但其结果影响到现在。
常见时间状语标志：already, yet, just, ever, recently, so far, up to / till now等。
2) 表示动作或状态从过去某一时刻开始，一直持续到现在，还可能持续下去。
常见时间状语标志：for + 时间段, since + 时间点 / 过去时从句, ever since等。
3) 表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作，现在成为一种经历。
常见时间状语标志：twice, ever, never, three times, before等。
2. 基本结构：have / has + 动词的过去分词。
3. 注意：非延续性动词不能用“现在完成时 + 表示一段时间的状语”的句型中。这些动词有：come, go, start, leave, die, buy, finish, join, borrow, stop等。但它们能够用表示持续状态的相应的延续性动词替换句中的非延续性性动词。如：arrive, come → be here, be in 。buy → have 。begin, start → be on
has/have done
英语中八种常见时态常用时间状语归纳
七、过去完成时
1. 概念：表示以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前的行为，即“过去的过去”。
2. 常见时间状语标志：before, by the end of last term / week / month / year 等。
例如：
Most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party. 当他到达晚会现场时，大多数客人已
经离开了。
By the 1990s the number had fallen to about 50,000. 截止到20世纪90年代， (藏羚羊的) 数量下降到了大约5万只。　　
Before he volunteered to direct the traffic, Timoteo had had lots of jobs.
铁穆特欧在志愿指挥交通之前做过很多工作。
had done

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