资源简介

(共58张PPT)
人 教 必 修
第三册
Unit 5
Discovering Useful Strutures
Express modality and talk about future events in the past
1
2
To understand the usage of modal verbs and use them to express modality
To use “would do” or “was/were going to do” to talk about future events in the past
目标一: To review the meanings and functions of some modal verbs and use them correctly
Activity 1: Read the following sentences and translate them into Chinese. How do modal verbs change the meanings of the sentences
A. The exam may be difficult. a. The exam is difficult.
B. You should be studying harder. b. You are studying harder.
C. I can study all night during the semester. c. I study all night during the semester.
A and C express possibilityB expresses advicea, b and c express fact
Activity 2: Modal verbs have many functions, including the following (A—F). Find modal verbs in previous sections and discuss their functions.
A necessity B possibility C obligation D request F advice G intention
A necessity: You have to read between lines because the real messages are often hidden. B possibility: It may seem lucky to you.C obligation: Astronauts must wear spacesuits when they work in space because...D request: May we ask what you’re doing in this country E advice: You’d better not open it.F intention: What would you do if you were in her situation.
Activity 3: Look at the following groups of sentence (s),
summarise the function of the modal verbs.
Group 1:You needn’t have stayed.You have to read between the lines because the real messages are often hidden. Summary:Modal verbs are used to express ___________Group 2:If you lose the bet, you must pay 20,000.Summary:Modal verb is used to express ___________
necessity
obligation
Group 3:You must be joking. We can discuss it now. A man could live a month in London.It may seem lucky to you, but not to me.What might have happened Summary:Modal verbs are used to express ___________Group 4:May we ask what you’re doing in this country Could you offer me work here Would you please pass me the salt Can you wait a moment, please Summary:Modal verbs are used to express ___________
possibility
request
Group 5:You should be studying harder.We’d better make a bet.We ought to find the perfect person for our bet.Summary:Modal verbs are used to express ___________ Group 6:You mustn’t worry about that.You can’t open it until two o’clock.You’d better not open it.Summary:Modal verbs are used to express _____________ Group 7:I would rather do it myself.Summary:Modal verb is used to express ___________
advice
negative advice
intention
Activity 4: Read the passage and fill in the blanks with suitable modal verbs in the box. Then answer the questions.
may must can ought to might had better would should
In the film The Million Pound Bank Note, Henry Adams is stuck in a foreign country without money and friends, and with nowhere to stay. While this situation ________ seem unusual, it can sometimes happen to travellers. In case it happens to you on a trip abroad, what ________ you do First, and most importantly, you _________ stay calm. Fear _________ cause you to become confused. You need to think clearly.
can
may
should
must
Second, you should go to your nearest consulate. They _________ be able to help to some extent. Third, you _________ do well to check with some local charities. They _______ offer help to travellers in need. Fourth, you _________ avoid getting into trouble. You _________ think that stealing some money or food would help you, but you should not do so. Getting caught _________ ruin your life.
ought to
would
might
had better
might
would
1. How many tips does the author give What are they 2. What is the author’s reason for each tip
1 The author gives four tips. The first tip is that you must stay calm. The second tip is that you should go to your nearest consulate. The third tip is that you would do well to check with some local charities. The last tip is that you had better avoid getting into trouble.2 The first reason is that fear can cause you to become confused and you need to think clearly. The second reason is that the consulate ought to be able to help to some extent. The third reason is that the charities might offer help to travellers in need. The last reason is that getting caught would ruin your life.
常见情态动词、其否定式、其缩略形式 :
情态动词 否定式 缩略形式
can
could
may
might
shall
should
情态动词 否定式 缩略形式
will
would
must
had better
ought to
can not/
cannnot
can't
could not
couldn't
may not
/
might not
mightn't
shall not
shan't
should not
shouldn't
will not
would not
must not
had better not
ought not to
won't
wouldn't
mustn't
oughtn't
/
Find the sentences using modal verbs in the passage..
1. Oliver believes that with a million-pound bank note a
man could live a month in London.
2. Would you step inside a moment, please
3. Good morning, sir, would you please come in
4. May we ask what you're doing in this country...
5. Well, I can't say that I have any plans.
6. Well, you mustn't worry about that.
7. Could you offer me work here
8. If you don't mind, may I ask you how much money...
9. Well, it may seem lucky to you but not to me.
10. If you’ll excuse me, I ought to be on my way.
11. You mustn't think we don't care about you.
12. You can't open it until two o'clock.
What functions do these model verbs have .
A. necessity 表示必要性
B. possibility 表示可能和推测
C. obligation 表义务性
D. request 表示提出请求或发出指示
E. advice 表示提出建议
F. intention 表示意图和愿望
G. ability 表示能力
H. permission and prohibition
表示许可和禁止
The functions of modal verbs
A. necessity 表示必要性
1. The chicken must be cooked thoroughly.
2. You have to book in advance.
B. possibility 表示可能和推测
1. That might not be true.
2. Oh, you must be Lily's husband.
C. obligation 表义务性
1. The children should follow the school rules.
2. I ought to be on my way now.
D. request 表示提出请求或发出指示
1. Will you stay for lunch
2. May we ask what you’re doing in this country
The functions of modal verbs
E. advice 表示提出建议
1. To solve the problem, you should ask the expert for advice.
2. You'd better serve him quick and get him out quick.
F. intention 表示意图和愿望
1. I’ll wash your sports jacket.
2. He said he would be here at eight o’clock.
G. ability 表示能力
1. The children can read and write.
2. I could feel the ground shaking.
H. permission and prohibition 表示许可和禁止
1. You can go off duty now.
2. You mustn't do that.
Tell the function of the modal verbs.
1. Oliver believes that with a million-pound bank note a
man could live a month in London.
2. Would you step inside a moment, please
3. Good morning, sir, would you please come in
4. May we ask what you're doing in this country...
5. Well, I can't say that I have any plans.
6. Well, you mustn't worry about that.
7. Could you offer me work here
8. If you don't mind, may I ask you how much money...
9. Well, it may seem lucky to you but not to me.
10. If you’ll excuse me, I ought to be on my way.
11. You mustn't think we don't care about you.
12. You can't open it until two o'clock.
possibility
request
request
possibility
request
request
intention
necessity
permission/prohibition
permission/prohibition
request
possibility
He can ride a bike now, but he couldn’t a few weeks ago.
一、can/could
1. 表示能力，常译为“会，能”。can表示现在的能力，could表示过去的能力。
2. 表示可能性。can多用于否定句和疑问句中，但也可用在肯定句中；could表示过去的可能，多用于间接引语中。
①That can’t be Mary - she has gone to school.
②I told the boss that I couldn’t finish the work in such a short time.
3. 表示请求或允许，译为“可以”。表示此意时，用could语气更委婉。
- Can/Could I borrow your bike
- Yes, you can.
【拓展】
1) 表示惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度 (主要用于否定句、疑问句和感叹句中)。
Can hard work change a person that much
2) can亦可表示“有时会”。
You can be very naughty.
1. 表示说话人的猜测，意为“或许；可能”。might表示的可能性比may小。
You’d better take an umbrella. It may/might rain.
2. 用来提出问题，问可不可以。用might时语气更委婉。
Might/May we use your typewriter for a little while
3. 表示“可以”。作此用法时，might是may的过去式。
①You may come if you wish.
②The boy asked his mother if he might go to play basketball.
二、may/might
①Fish will die without water.
②He would get up early when he lived in the country.
三、will/would
【拓展】
表示意愿或意志。will表现在，would表过去。
Will/Would you please pass me that book
2. 表示请求、建议等。用would比用will委婉、客气。
1. 表示习惯性动作。will指现在，would指过去。
① I will help you if you need me.
② He said he would help you if you needed him.
四、shall/should
◆ shall
1. 用于第一人称疑问句中，表示征求对方的意见或向对方请示。
This room is so dirty. Shall we clean it
2. 用于第二、三人称，表示法律等条文中的规定或说话人的决心、给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。
Nothing shall stop us from carrying out the plan.
◆ should
1. 用于第一人称疑问句询问对方的意愿，但语气更委婉温和。
Should I open the window
2. 表示劝告、建议、命令、责任或义务。
No matter who you are, you should observe the law.
3. 表示推测或可能性。
You should be hungry after the long walk.
【拓展】 should还可表示意外、惊讶等，意为“竟会，竟然会”。
It is surprising that he should have made such a foolish mistake.
【拓展】 表示与说话人愿望相反、不耐烦的感彩，可译为“一定要；偏偏；非得”。
五、must/can’t
1. must表示义务、必要性、命令，意为“必须”。否定式mustn’t表示“不准；禁止”。
We must do everything step by step.
2. must表示推测，意为“想必；准是；一定”，只用于肯定句，否定句用can’t。
①After such a long walk, you must be tired.
②-My house is near a busy street.
-It can’t be very quiet.
If you must know, her name is Mary.
【比较】must和have to
表示“不得不、必须”时，have to与must意思
上很接近。但must常表示说话人的主观看法；而have to一般强调客观需要。
have to表示“不得不，必须”，有人称、时态和数的变化。否定式为don’t have to。
①There are so many mistakes in his article that
he has to rewrite it.
②You don’t have to buy a gift, but you can if
you want to.
六、have to
①I’m very tired. I must sit down and have a rest.
②I have to hurry up now. I have a train to catch.
七、ought to
ought to表示“应该；应当 ”，可以表示有责任或义务而做某事。没有人称、数和时态的变化，否定式为 ought not to。
①They ought to apologize.
②Such things ought not to be allowed.
③He oughtn't to have been driving so fast.
【比较】ought to 和should
ought to与should一般来说，两者可以互换，只是ought to的语气略强。另外，表示出于法令规则、行为准则、道德责任等客观情况而“应该”做某事，通常用ought to；若用should则含有个人意见，强调主观看法。
1) You are older brother. You ought to take care of your little sister.
2) You should not waste time in watching TV.
八、had better
had better，“最好”，缩写为“’d better”，表示提出建议、劝告或命令等，含有“应该做某事，有义务做某事”之意，一般适用于对晚辈、平辈。
It’s half past two. I think we had better go
home.
否定形式为had better not，疑问句中had better的否定形式有两种：
Hadn’t +主语 +better + V原形 +...
Had + 主语 + better not +V原形 +…
①You had better not talk with strangers.
②Hadn’t you better go with them
③Had we better not go
A: Who is knocking at the door
B: It ______ be Tom. He said he would come at this time.
A: It ____ be him. He has gone abroad.
B: It ____ be John, but I am not sure.
A: Who ___ it be
B: Got it It is Mary.
must
can’t
may
can
Read the passage and fill in the blanks with suitable modal verbs.
① He can’t know my address.
他肯定不知道我的地址
②He must be doing his exercises in the classroom.
他一定正在教室做练习。
③ She might have been ill yesterday.
她昨天可能病了。
情态动词的特殊用法
情态动词+do推测现在或将来发生的动作或状态；
情态动词+be doing 推测正在进行的动作或状态；
情态动词+have done推测过去发生的动作或状态。
情态动词表推测：
对肯定、把握性很大情况的推测：
must be /do (现在或将来)
must be doing (说话时正在进行)
must have done (已发生的或状态)
对否定情况的推测：
can /could not be /do (现在或将来)
can /could not be doing (正在发生的动作)
can /could not have done (过去的动作或状态)
对不太肯定、把握性不大情况的推测：
may/might (not) be/do (现在或将来)
may/might (not) be doing (说话时正在发生动作)
may/might (not) have done (已发生的动作或状态)
(1) could/might have done
本来能够做的事却没做
He could have worked out the problem.
(2) should/ought to have done
本来应该做而实际上未做
I really regretted wasting the hours when I should have studied hard, but it was too late.
(3) ought not to have done /shouldn't have done 本来不应该做而实际上做了
I’m very sorry for the words I shouldn’t have said to you at that moment.
1. With so much work on hand, you ____to see the game last night.
A. mustn’t go B. could have gone
C. shouldn’t go D. shouldn’t have gone
2. -I saw Mary in the library yesterday.
-You_____ her. She is still abroad.
A. mustn’t see B. can’t have seen
C. mustn’t have seen D. couldn’t see
3. Aunt Mary______the train; otherwise she would have arrived here by now.
A. must have missed B. should have missed
C. had missed D. might miss
Exercises
实战高考
2. My wallet was gone. _______________ _______________________.
（我只可能把它落在了G9公共汽车上。）
[2019 天津卷]
1. Jim says we ___ stay in his house as long as we leave it clean and tidy. [2020·全国新高考 I 卷·短文填空]
A. must B. can C. need D. should
I could only have left it on the G9 bus
4. I can’t find my purse. I ___ it in the supermarket yesterday, but I'm not sure. [2018 天津卷]
A. should leave B. must have left
C. might leave D. could have left
3. In today’s information age, the loss of data ____ cause serious problems for a company. [2018 北京卷]
A. need B. should C. can D. must
Fill in the blanks with suitable modal verbs in the box .
In the film The Million Pound Bank Note, Henry Adams is stuck in a foreign country without money and friends, and with nowhere to stay. While this situation ______seem unusual, it can sometimes happen to travellers. In case it happens to you on a trip abroad, what _______ you do First, and most importantly, you ______ stay calm. Fear ______ cause you to become confused. You need to think clearly. Second, you should go to your nearest consulate. They _________ be able to help to some extent. Third, you _______ do well to check with some local charities. They _______ offer help to travellers in need. Fourth, you ____________ avoid getting into trouble. You ______ think that stealing some money or food would help you, but you should not do so. Getting caught _______ ruin your life.
may, must, can, ought to, might, had better, would, should
may
should
must
can
ought to
would
might
would
had better
P54 2
might
Work in pairs. Discuss the scene from The Million Pound Bank Note on page 52 and share your understanding of the story. Use modal verbs when necessary.
A: I think it’s kind of Roderick and Oliver to give Henry the money.
B: I’m afraid I disagree. They shouldn’t be making a bet on him.
A: But Henry might get into trouble if they didn’t offer him the money.
B: Well, if they really wanted to help Henry, they could offer him a job.
A: Maybe you’re right. But I guess that would be a different story...
P54 4
Suggested conversation:
The past future tense
1.The said the letter inside would explain what it was all about.
2. I said that I would go the next day.
3. I thought it was going to rain.
4. He asked where he was to put it.
5. I was about to go to bed when the phone rang.
6. Jack said he was leaving tomorrow.
7. She didn’t say whether she was coming to lunch.
1. The said the letter inside ______ _______ what it was all about.
2. I said that I _______ ____ the next day.
3. I thought it ____ _____ ____ ____.
4. He asked where he ____ ___ ____ it.
5. I ____ ______ ___ _____ to bed when the phone rang.
6. Jack said he ____ ______ tomorrow.
7. She didn’t say whether she ____ ______ to lunch.
would go
would explain
was going to rain
was to put
was about to go
was leaving
was coming
go
Ready
*定义；
*基本结构；
*动词构成和用法：
1. would (not)+V原形
2. was/were (not) going to+V原形
3. was/were (not) to + V原形
4. was/were about to + V原形
5. was/were +V-ing
Focus on
基本用法
过去将来时
过去将来时表示从过去的某一时间来看将来要发生的动作或呈现的状态。
基本结构：
同一般将来时，将系动词be或情态动词will变为过去式，即：
was/were going to+V; would+V
过去将来时
① I didn’t know if he was going to come.
② She told us that she would not go with us, if it rained.
过去将来时常用于宾语从句和间接引语中。
2. 动词构成和用法
1) would (not)+V原形
He promised that he would help me.
他答应他会帮助我。
When I worked on a farm, I would get up at 5 a.m.
我在农场劳动时，总是早上5点钟起床。
表示过去的习惯：即过去的动作习惯或倾向。
表从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作。(尤其用于宾语从句中)
2) was/were (not) going to+V原形
I was going to leave when he came in.
他进来时我正要离开。
I thought it was going to rain.
我想要下雨了。
表示过去的打算。
表示在过去看来有迹象表明将要发生某事。
3) was /were (not) to + V原形：
①He asked where he was to put it.
他问他该把它放在哪里。
②She said she was to get married next month.
她说她计划在下个月结婚。
表示过去按计划或安排要做的事情。
4) was/were about to + 动词原形
①I was about to go to bed when the phone rang.
电话铃响时我正好要上床睡。
②I couldn’t go to Tom’s party as I was about to go into hospital.
我就要住院，所以不能参加汤姆办的晚会了。
表示在过去看来即将要发生的动作，由于本身已含有“即将”的意味，所以不再与表示具体的过去时间状语连用。
①Jack said he was leaving tomorrow.
杰克说他打算明天动身。
②She didn’t say whether she was coming to lunch.
她没有说她是否来吃午饭。
注意：可用于该句型中动词为come, go, leave, arrive, begin, start, stop, close, open, die, join, borrow, buy等瞬间动词。
表示在过去看来即将发生的动作。
5) was / were +V-ing：
1. She said the bus __________ (leave) at five the next morning.
2. I wasn’t sure whether he ____________ _______________ (lend) me his book the next morning.
3. I ________________________ (write) a letter next week.
4. She said that she_______________ ________________ (write) a letter next week.
Complete the sentences with the correct form of given words.
was leaving
would lend/
will write/am going to write
would write/
was going to lend
was going to write
When twelve-year-old John Wilson walked into his chemistry class on a rainy day in 1931, he had no way of knowing that his life ____________ (change) completely. [2020江苏]
After running hundreds of tests, the researchers noted that the monkeys _________ (go) for the higher values more than half the time… [2019全国卷III]
直击高考
was to change
would go
3. Albert Einstein was born in 1879. As a child, few people guessed that he__________a famous scientist whose theories would change the world. [2018浙江]
A.has been　　 　　　 B. had been　　　　 　　　 C.was going to be　　 D. was
4. At college, Barack Obama didn't know that he __________ the first black president of the United States of America. [2015陕西]
A. was to become B. becomes
C. is to become D. became
Complete the sentences using “would do” or “was/were going to do” form of the given verbs.
1. Philip bought two tickets for The Phantom of the Opera. He ____________________________ (watch) this musical with his girlfriend on the weekend.
2. I was so surprised at the news that David __________ _________________ (play) the role of the dinosaur in the play that I gave him a hug out of joy.
3. Lily decided that she _________________________ (settle) in New York and pursue her dream of becoming an actress.
4. Hey, Timmy, I ______________ (call) you. But now that you are here, I don't have to.
5. The competition was so close that no one was sure who___________ (win) the Best Actor award.
6. Jim was not here right now. He said he _________ __________________ (be) on duty at the library this afternoon.
would watch/was going to watch
would settle /was going to settle
was going to play
was going to call
would win
/was going to be
P54 3
would play/
would be
A. necessity 表示必要性
B. possibility 表示可能和推测
C. obligation 表义务性
D. request 表示提出请求或发出指示
E. advice 表示提出建议
F. intention 表示意图和愿望
G. ability 表示能力
H. permission and prohibition 表示许可和禁止
情态动词主要表意功能 :
过去将来时
1. 概念
2. 动词形式与用法
would do
was/were going to do
was/were to do
was/were about to do
was/were + V-ing
Ⅰ. 选择填空。
1. - Are you going to attend his birthday party
-I’m not sure. I _________ (must/may) go to visit my uncle.
2. When Mark was a child, he_________ (could/ would) go skating with his father in winter.
3. -Could you give me some advice on how to make friends
-Of course. You _________ (used to/had better) be friendly to others.
4. You _________ (ought to/used to) take the doctor’s advice now that you are coughing badly.
ought to
may
would
had better
5. _________ (Can/Should) I have a word with you It won’t take long.
6. All workers _________ (should/may) be strict with themselves in their work.
7. You shouldn’t leave small objects lying around. Such objects ________ (must/might) be swallowed (吞食) by children.
8. I ____________ (used to/was going to) visit you last night, but an unexpected visitor came to my house.
was going to
Can
should
might
Ⅱ. Translate the sentences into English
1. The phone is ringing, ___________________ ______________. (但是没人接，他一定不在家）
2. I can't find my coat. ______________________ _______________. (我可能昨天落在店了)
3. It's a pity. _____________________________ _______________________.
(你本应该邀请她来参加你的毕业典礼的)
4. 办公室不能抽烟。 __________________________________.
5. —他一定要去吗？ —不，不需要。 ________________________________________.
but nobody answers. He
I might have left in the
You should have invited her to your birthday party
You mustn't smoke in the office.
-Must he go there -No, he needn't.
store yesterday
can't be at home
1. 他已经工作了11个多小时。他一定累了。
2. 如果你想说一口流利的英语，你应该努力学习。
3. 一条狗突然跑到了我的车前，我不得不紧急刹车。
4. 海伦问约翰他是否将要去看星期天的展览。
Ⅲ. 用情态动词或正确的时态翻译下列句子。
He has been working for more than 11 hours. He must be tired.
If you want to speak English fluently, you should/ought to work hard.
A dog ran in front of my car suddenly. I had to make a sudden stop.
Helen asked John if he was going to/would visit an exhibition on Sunday.
5. 他们问我是否很快要去广州。
They asked me if I would go to Guangzhou soon.
6. 他情绪低落的时候，就拉小提琴。
He would play the violin when he was in low spirits.
7. 布朗夫人刚要开始说话，但是珍妮先说话了。
Mrs. Brown was about to speak, but Jenny spoke first.
8. 警察让他赶紧走，但他不要。
The police asked him to leave immediately, but he wouldn't.
9. 他不知道他以后会出名。
He didn't know he was to become famous later on.
Self-evaluation
1. Can you use modal verbs correctly
2. Can you use the past future tense future correctly
1. Make sentences using Modal Verbs and the past future tense.
2. Preview Viewing and Talking on page 55.
H

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