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(共26张PPT)
Unit 5 The Value of Money
Discovering Useful Structures
Express modality and talk about future events in the past
人教版（2019）必修三
Learning objectives
By the end of this section, you will be able to:
identify and analyze the meanings and functions of modal verbs, such as may, should, ought to;
grasp two forms of the past future tense, i.e. would be/do and was/were going to be/do;
use modal verbs and the past future tense to complete some exercises;
express modality and talk about future events in the past.
Translate and think.
Lead-in
Is learning modal verbs essential for using English Why
A. Could you please water the flowers a. Water the flowers.
B. Could you hold, please b. Wait.
C. He may come home. c. He had better come home.
D. He must come home. d. He should come home.
Most polite phrases in English for making requests, asking for help, or asking questions use modal verbs.
A great deal of the nuance (细微的差别) in English is expressed in modal verbs.
Read and think about the functions of these modal verbs.
Example Necessity Possibility Obligation Request Advice Intention
We can discuss it now.
You must do it at once.
Would you please pass me the salt
You needn’t have stayed.
You ought to help him.
I would rather do it myself.
Presentation
Modal verbs have many functions, including the following (A-F). Find modal verbs in previous sections and discuss their functions.
A. necessity
B. possibility
C. obligation
D. request
E. advice
F. intention
You have to read between the lines because the real messages are often hidden ...
It may seem lucky to you.
Astronauts must wear spacesuits when they work in space because ...
May we ask what you’re doing in this country
You’d better not open it.
What would you do if you were in her situation
Identify the functions of the modal verbs in the following sentences from the scene we have learned.
1. Oliver believes that with a million-pound bank note a man could live a month in
London.
2. Young man, would you step inside a moment, please
3. Could you offer me work here
4. Now if you’ll excuse me, I ought to be on my way.
5. You can’t open it until two o’clock.
ability
request
request
necessity
willingness
not be allowed
Modal verbs
一、 概述
情态动词（modal verbs），本身有一定词义，表示说话人的情绪、态度或语气的词。无人称和数的变化，只能与行为动词或状态动词构成谓语。
情态动词：can (could), may (might), must, have to (had to), ought to, shall (should), will (would)
半情态动词（既有情态动词特征，又有实义动词特征的称为半情态动词）：dare, need, used to, had better, would rather
二、 用法
情态动词 用法 例句
can / could 表示能力，意为“能，会”。can表示现在一般的能力，could表示过去一般的能力。 Can you lift this heavy box
你能举起这个重箱子吗？
提出建议，意为“可以”。 We can eat restaurant, if you like.
如果你愿意，我们可以去餐馆吃饭。
表示推测，常用于疑问句和否定句中，can’t/couldn’t表示“不可能”。 She can’t be Mary, for Mary is in hospital.
她不可能是玛丽，因为玛丽在住院。
表示请求和许可（could 用来表示请求时，是委婉的说法，回答时一般用can）。 Could you please do me a favor
你能帮我个忙吗？
can用于肯定的陈述句中，表示可能性，意为“有时会，可能”。 Exercising alone can be boring.
独自一个人锻炼可能会无聊。
情态动词 用法 例句
may / might may和might在肯定句中表示允许，意为“可以”。might为may的过去式。在疑问句中用于征求许可，意为“可以……吗？”。 You may keep the book for two weeks.
这本书你可以借两个星期。
Might I go fishing with you tomorrow
我明天可以和你去钓鱼吗？
may/might表示推测，意为“可能，或许”。 She may be at home today.
她今天可能在家。
They might have arrived there, as it is already noon.
他们可能已经到那了，因为已经是中午了。
may用于祈使句中，表示祝愿。 May you be happy forever！
祝你永远快乐！
情态动词 用法 例句
must 表示义务、命令、需要等，意为“必须”，更强调说话人的主观态度。其否定形式为mustn’t，意为“不许，禁止”；对以must开头的一般疑问句进行否定回答时，应用don’t have to / needn’t（不必，没必要）。 You must finish your homework this afternoon.
今天下午你必须完成家庭作业。
You mustn’t smoke here.
你不许在这儿吸烟。
— Must I tell him in advance？
我必须事先告诉他吗？
— No, you don’t have to / needn’t.
不，没必要。
表示肯定的推测，意为“一定”。只用于肯定句。 The road is wet. It must have rained last night.
路面是湿的。昨晚一定下雨了。
have to 表示客观需要，意为“不得不，必须”，强调客观上的必要性。 You have to be back before 10:00 because the train is to leave at 10:05.
你必须在10:00之前回来，因为火车将在10:05
离开。
2.表示可能性。可用“may/might+动词原形”指现在或将来可能的情况。
might表示推测的可能性比may更小。
他可能知道考试的成绩（大概率知道）。
eg：He may know the result of the exam.
Tips:
can多用于疑问句和否定句，can not表示“不可能”
He cant’t know the secret. 他不可能知道那个秘密。
may用于肯定句、否定句均可。
He may not know the secret. 他可能不知道这个秘密。
（三）must和have to
1.must表示义务，命令等，意为“必须”，否定式must not/mustn’t,
表示“不许，禁止”。
用于一般疑问句
肯定回答用must
否定回答用needn’t/don’t have to
你们不允许在这里吸烟
eg:You musn’t smoke here.
eg：---Must we finish the work today
---Yes,you must.(No,you needn’t/don’t have to)
--我们今天必须完成这项工作吗？
--是的，你们必须。（不，你们不必）
2.must表示推测，意为“一定，肯定”，只能用在肯定句中。
eg:You must be sleepy after getting up so early.
起的那么早，你们一定困了。
3.have to表示“必须，不得不”，与must在这个意义上很接近，
但must强调说话人的主观看法，而have to强调客观需要。
must只有一种形式，而have to有更多的时态形式。
eg:I have to change my idea.
我不得不改变我的想法。
（四）shall和should
否定式
shall not
should not(shouldn’t)
1.shall用于第一和第三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见
或向对方请示。
eg：Shall the boy wait outside or come in
让那个男孩在外面等着还是进来？
2.shall用于第二人称和第三人称陈述句中，表示说话人的命令、
警告、许诺或威胁等。
3.should表示义务（应该）、劝告、命令、建议等。与ought to同义，
在疑问句中，通常用should代替ought to。
eg:We should finish our homework on time.
我们应该能按时完成家庭作业。
4.should表示说话人根据一定的情况作出推测，意为“应该会”。
明天应该是个好天气。
eg:It should be a nice day tomorrow.
(五)will和would
1.表示请求，建议。would比will更加委婉，客气。
请你打开门好吗？
eg:Will/Would you please open the door
2.表示意志，愿望和决心。would用于过去的情况。
我再也不会做那样的事了。
eg:I will never do that again.
3.表示某种倾向或习惯性动作。will表示一般的习惯或倾向，would表示
过去的习惯性动作。
下课后他们会去打篮球。(表示过去的习惯性动作）
eg:After class they would play basketball.
下课后他们会去打篮球。（表示一般的习惯）
eg:After class they will play basketball.
①could have done
本可以
不可能
You _______________ (have) a better grade if you made full preparation for the exam.
I saw him just now, so he ___________________ (go) abroad.
could have had
couldn’t been gone
②couldn’t have done
五、情态动词+ have done: 对过去的猜测
情态动词+ have done: 对过去的猜测
本可以
不可能
You _______________ (have) a better grade if you made full preparation for the exam.
I saw him just now, so he ___________________ (go) abroad.
could have had
couldn’t been gone
couldn’t have done
should have done
本该做某事（而实际上未做）
shouldn’t have done
本不该做某事（而实际上做了）
你本该寻求帮助的。
You should have asked for some help.
你本不该告诉她这个消息的。
You shouldn’t have told her the news.
could have done
Explanation
must have done
一定做了
can’t have done
肯定没做
I didn’t hear the phone. I _______________________
( 我刚才没有听到电话，我想必是睡着了。)
must have been asleep
She ___________________, for her bike is still here.
( 她肯定没离开学校，因为她的自行车还在这里。)
can’t have left school
Explanation
II. The past future tense 过去将来时
一、过去将来时的基本用法
（1）表示从过去某一时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态。常用在主句谓语动词为过去 时态的宾语从句中。
二、过去将来时的结构
1. 基本表达方式 would+动词原形（以动词do为例）
他说他假期将要去北京。
eg:He said he would go to Beijing for the holiday.
（2）常可表示过去习惯性的动作（无论什么人称都用would）
他一有时间就打篮球。
eg:Whenever he had time,he would play basketball.
eg:He felt that he would pass yesterday’s exam.
他觉得他将会通过昨天的考试。
2. was/were going to+动词原形 表示准备，计划做某事
eg:She told me she was going to watch TV.
*与would+动词原形相比，was/were going to+动词原形有打算、计划的含义。
3. was/were about to do 表示过去曾计划或安排要做某事
eg:We were about to go there when it begin to rain.
过去将来时的其他几种表达方式（以动词do为例）
Read the passage and fill in the blanks with suitable modal verbs in the box. (P54E2)
may must can ought to might
had better would should
In the film The Million Pound Bank Note, Henry Adams is stuck in a foreign country without money and friends, and with nowhere to stay. While this situation _____ seem unusual, it can sometimes happen to travellers. In case it happens to you on a trip abroad, what ________ you do First, and most importantly, you ________stay calm. Fear _____ cause you to become confused. You need to think
may
should
must
can
Read the passage and fill in the blanks with suitable modal verbs in the box.
may must can ought to might
had better would should
clearly. Second, you should go to your nearest consulate. They ________ be able to help to some extent. Third, you ______ do well to check with some local charities. They ______offer help to travellers in need. Fourth, you _________avoid getting into trouble. You ______ think that stealing some money or food would help you, but you should not do so. Getting caught ______ ruin your life.
ought to
would
might
had better
might
would
Complete the following sentences that describe the future using either form of the given verbs.
1. Philip bought two tickets for The Phantom of the Opera. He __________
___________________ (watch) with his girlfriend on the weekend.
2. I was so surprised at the news that David ___________________________
(play) the role of the dinosaur in the play that I gave him a hug out of joy.
3. Lily decided that she ___________________________ (settle) in New York
and pursue her dream of becoming an actress.
4. Hey, Timmy. I ________________ (call) you. But now that you are here, I
don't have to.
5. The competition was so close that no one was sure who ________________
(win)the Best Actor award
6. Jim is not here right now. He said he ______________________ (be) on
duty at the library this afternoon.
would watch
/ was going to watch
would play /was going to play
would settle / was going to settle
was going to call
would win
would be/was going to be
would表示意愿，指愿意做
be going to 表示按计划打算做
Read about a bet between two wealthy men (P53)
Complete the passage with words from Act 1,Scene 3.
The two gentlemen had been having a heated argument for a couple of days, and had decided to make a __________ which would settle their argument. They were going to find someone to take part in their bet when they saw Henry walking on the street outside. They invited him into their house, where Henry told them he had landed in Britain by __________ Although he had gone to the American consulate to __________ help, he had not received any. Henry hoped that the brothers would offer him some __________ of work because he had no money. Henry got upset with the brothers when they seemed too happy about his bad luck. They quickly told him not to feel that way and they gave him an envelope with money in it. They said the letter inside would explain what it was all about, but he had to postpone opening it until 2 o’clock. Henry felt that was odd. The __________ ended with Henry leaving their house and promising that he would not open the letter until 2 o’clock.
bet
seek
sort
accident
scene
Thank you!

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