资源简介 (共21张PPT)Unit 5THE VALUE OF MONEY过去将来时一. 情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度。1.基本特征:1)在形式上没有实义动词的各种变化。2)在意义上,大多数情态动词有多个意义3)用法上情态动词后必须接动词原形,构成谓语。以 must为例:must + do/ be doing/ have done/have been done2.情态动词的否定形式及缩略形式:情态动词 否定式 缩略形式 情态动词 否定式 缩略形式can shallcould shouldmay willmight wouldmust needdare ought tohad better3.情态动词的主要功能1.can,could1) 表能力: can表现在的能力,could 表过去的能力她会说三门语言。她摔倒了不能爬起来。2)表推测(can用于疑问句,否定句和感叹句中)他们可能在干什么?这个消息不可能是真的。She can speak three languages.She fell down and couldn’t pick herself up.What can they be doing The news can’t be true.3)can 用于肯定句中,表示客观的可能性,用来说明人或事物的特征。在这样的多雨天事故可能会发生。这个任务可能会很难完成。4)表示请求和允许(用于疑问句,could 更客气)我可以借用一下你的雨伞吗?Accidents can happen on such rainy days.The task can be difficult to finish.Can/ Could I use your umbrella 5)can’t, couldn’t 不可能(表推测可能性更小)那辆自行车不可能是汤姆的。6)could用来表示虚拟语气。(could have done..本来能做)我本来能按时到学校的The bike can’t be Tom’s.I could have got to school on time.2.may/ might1)表示请求和允许(用于疑问句,might 更客气)我可以在这个房间抽烟吗?2)表推测(might可能性更小)他可能不是个美国人。老师可能已经回家了。May/ Might I smoke in the room She may/might notbe an American.The teacher may/might have gone home.3)(may)表达祝愿。祝你成功?4).might表示虚拟语气 : might (not)have done..(本来(不)可能做)她本来可能按时完成作业的。May you succeed!She might have finished the homework on time.3.must1).must表示”必须,一定” , mustn’t “禁止,不许”, needn’t “ 没必要”今晚你必须给他打电话。学生不许带手机到学校。你没必要担心他。2)表示“推测” (用在肯定句中)must +be/do/ be doing/ have done他一定已经完成了工作。Today you must call him.Students mustn’t take mobile phones to school.You needn’t worry about him.He must have finished the work.4.shall1)征求意见或许可(用于第一,三人称)她可以进来吗?2)表示命令,警告,允诺,威胁如果违反规则,她就改受到惩罚。Shall she come in If she breaks the rule , she shall be punished.Modal verbs have many functions as follows:A. necessity B. possibility C. obligationD. request E. advice F. intention需要 可能 职责/义务要求 建议 意图三、情态动词的功能You have to read between the lines because the real messages are often hidden…It may seem lucky to you.Astronauts must wear spacesuits when they work in space because…May we ask what you’re doing in this country You should/ought to/had better go to class right away.What would you do if you were in her situation necessity 表必要性possibility 表可能和推测obligation 表义务性request 表请求或指示advice 表建议intention 表意图和愿望Task2:Find modal verbs and discuss their functions.A. necessity B. possibility C. obligation D. request E. advice F. intention(一) can/could1.表示能力,其过去式为could。①She can speak English. 她会说英语。②The young man can’t move the big stone. 这个年轻人搬不动那块大石头。③He could speak Japanese when he was young, but he has forgotten most of it now. 他年轻时会说日语,不过现在已经忘得差不多了。【温馨提示】can和 be able to在用法上的区别:can只有现在式和过去式could,而be able to有更多的时态变化。情态动词(2) can一般指自身具有的能力,而be able to表示经过一 段时间的努力后所具有的能力,相当于manage to do或 succeed in doing。①This time I failed in the exam, but I'll be able to pass the exam next time.这次考试我不及格,但下次考试我能及格。(经过努力)②The ship was able to get to Antarctica in spite of the bad weather. (相当于managed to)尽管天气恶劣,船还是设法到达南极洲了。2.表示请求或许可。当请求允许做某事时,两者均可用,但用could语气更委婉。当表示允许某人做某事时,一般要用can,而不用could。① -Can/Could I use your bike tomorrow morning -Yes, you can./No,I’m afraid not.-我明天早晨能用你的自行车吗?-是的,可以。/不,恐怕不行。② You can go with them if you like.如果你愿意的话,可以和他们一起去。3.表示推测。can表推测时一般用于否定句,表示“不可能”。①It can’t/couldn’t be true.那不可能是真的。【练习】选词填空(can/could/be able to)①My grandma is well over eighty, but she _______ read without glasses.②Being a wise person, he finally _____________ find the place.③The cheater said that he _________ turn stone into gold.can was able to could (二) may/might1.表示请求或允许,用might比用may更礼貌,语气更委婉。对may的一般疑问句的肯定回答可用may或can,但作否定回答时要用mustn’t或can’t。① You may come if you wish. 如果你想来,你就来。②May(Might) I ask for a photo of your baby 我可以要一张你宝宝的照片吗?③-May I smoke here 我可以在这里吸烟吗?-No,you mustn’t. You’d better not. 不,不可以。你最好不要吸烟。2.表示可能。might比may可能性更小。1. 在一、三人称的疑问句中, shall用来询问对方的意愿。Shall we begin our lesson 2. 用于二、三人称的陈述句中, 表说话人命令、警告、允诺等口吻。He shall have the book when I finish reading.4. shall 和 should VS ought to VS had betterYou should be polite to your teachers.3. should表示劝告、建议、命令,用于各种人称。4. should表示说话人的惊讶、愤怒、失望等特殊情感,意为“居然,竟然”。Amazing! You should wear slippers at work.1.You should have asked for some help.2. You shouldn’t have told her the news.表示推测should have done 表示本该做某事(而实际上未做)shouldn't have done 表示本不该做某事(而实际上做了)must: 肯定句表有把握的推测:“一定”。2)must: 推测现在或正发生的事情:must be doing, eg: 他现在肯定呆在那里。He must be staying there.3) must 推测已经发生的事:must have doneI didn't hear the phone. I _______________________(我刚才没有听到电话,我想必是睡着了。)must have been asleep如何表示否定的猜测?can’teg: She can’t have left school, for her bike is still here.5. must注意:must用于一般疑问句中,肯定: must否定: needn’t/don’t have to(不必),mustn’t表示“禁止,不允许” — Must I finish all assignments at a time —Yes, you______.No, you ______________________ .mustneedn't / don’t have toTask3: Read the passage and fill in the blanks with suitable modals verbs in the box.1. may 2. should 3.must 4. can 5. ought to 6. would7. would 8. might 9. had better 10. might 11. would 展开更多...... 收起↑ 资源预览