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热点二 航空航天——中考英语热点考点训练
热点聚焦
一、热点解析
航空航天领域是现代科技发展的前沿代表，近年来中国及全球在太空探索、载人航天、月球与火星探测等方面不断取得突破，如中国的 “嫦娥工程”、神舟系列飞船，美国的阿尔忒弥斯计划等，这些成就展示了人类对宇宙的探索精神和科技的巨大进步，容易成为中考英语关注的热点。中国的航空航天项目在命名上常常融入传统文化元素，如“嫦娥”系列、“玉兔号”、“墨子号” 等，体现了传统文化对现代科技的深远影响，这既增添了民族自豪感，也为中考英语提供了丰富的文化素材。
二、考查角度
阅读理解：通常会给出关于航空航天任务、宇航员故事、航天技术发展等方面的文章，考查学生对细节的理解、主旨大意的把握、根据上下文推断词义以及对作者意图的理解等能力。完形填空：以航空航天为背景，通过讲述宇航员的成长经历、航天任务中的故事等，在文中设置一些词汇、语法或逻辑上的空，考查学生对词汇的运用、上下文的逻辑理解以及语法知识。
书面表达：写关于中国航天成就的介绍、对未来太空探索的展望，或者是向航天英雄致敬的文章；也可能给出一些关于太空生活的设想，让学生进行描述。
三、备考建议
词汇积累：整理并牢记航空航天相关的词汇，如 aerospace、astronaut、spacecraft、launch 等，以及一些与太空探索、宇宙天体相关的词汇，如 moon、solar、orbit 等。可以通过制作单词卡片、阅读航空航天类文章等方式加强记忆。
阅读训练：增加对航空航天类文章的阅读量，提高阅读理解能力。平时可以阅读一些科普杂志、报纸上关于航天的文章，或者是中考英语阅读真题中的相关篇目。在阅读过程中，注意总结不同题型的解题方法，如细节题要找准关键词在文中定位，主旨题要关注文章的首尾段和主题句等。
写作练习：针对可能出现的书面表达话题，进行有针对性的写作练习。可以先模仿优秀范文的结构和句式，然后逐渐形成自己的写作风格。注意书写规范、语法正确、要点齐全，并且尽量使用一些高级词汇和复杂句式来提升作文的档次。
针对训练
一、阅读理解
On October 30th, 2024, China sent the Shenzhou XIX spaceship into space. Wang Haoze, a member of the Shenzhou XIX, is China’s first female spaceflight engineer.
Wang Haoze shared, “Many partners helped me. But it was my college teacher, Gu Fan, who led me to a career in the space. He had a strong interest in spaceflight and often talked about it with us, encouraging us to work for the space industry.”
After she left school, Wang worked on developing new models of rocket engines (引擎). It was a new field that she had never explored before. Facing new challenges, she enjoyed learning and overcoming difficulties, just like playing an interesting game.
Hard work and perseverance (坚持不懈) always pay off. Her first design was praised by a famous expert, making her an important part of her team. She later signed up for the selection process to determine the country’s third batch of astronauts. Finally, Wang and other seventeen men were chosen. In the course of the training, Wang met many hard challenges, but she never thought about giving up.
Looking ahead to her first journey in space, Wang said, “We have practiced our moves on the ground many times. I want to fly to the space as soon as possible to see what it looks like. I wish to float (飘) inside Tiangong to experience the weightlessness. I also hope that I can complete each task successfully and make our ‘space home’ better.”
1. Who encouraged Wang Haoze to work hard for the space industry
A. Her parents. B. Her university teacher.
C. A famous expert. D. Her team leader and partners.
2. What did Wang Haoze do after she graduated
A. She became an astronaut directly.
B. She worked on building the space station.
C. She explored and studied rocket engines.
D. She joined the training of astronauts immediately.
3. How many people were chosen as the country’s third batch of astronauts including Wang Haoze
A. 16. B. 17. C. 18. D. 19.
4. Which of the following best describes Wang Haoze
A. Shy and quiet. B. Rich and wise.
C. Lazy and careless. D. Hard-working and serious.
On the morning of November 11, 2024, in Zhuhai, the 15th China Airshow showed the lunar samples (月球样本) that Chang’e-6 brought back from the far side of the Moon. This is a great achievement in science. It allows scientists to study the parts of the Moon’s surface, which we know little about and can’t see from the Earth.
Chang’e-6 is the first detector (探测器) in human history to bring back samples from the far side of the Moon. This is a great event for scientists all over the world and everyone should celebrate it.
It’s very hard to control a spacecraft on the far side of the Moon. The reason is that the Moon stops radio signals (信号) from the Earth. To solve this problem, CNSA engineers used two satellites (卫星), Queqiao and Queqiao-2. These two satellites were launched (发射) before this task. They helped to communicate with the spacecraft.
Martin Barstow is a famous professor from England. After hearing about the piece of news, he said, “I feel really excited that China has got the lunar samples from the far side of the Moon. We knew very little about the geology there before. ”
Many countries, like the United States. China and Russia, are speeding up their plans to explore (探索) the Moon and send humans there. Many countries are researching the Moon in order to find out more valuable resources (资源) there.
5. Where was the 15th China Airshow held
A. In Beijing. B. In Zhuhai. C. In Shanghai.
6. How did CNSA engineers solve the communication problem with the spacecraft
A. By sending more astronauts.
B. By building a new space station.
C. By using two satellites, Queqiao and Queqiao-2.
7. How did Martin Barstow feel about the piece of news
A. Excited. B. Bored. C. Worried.
8. Why do many countries explore the Moon
A. To find a new place to live.
B. To make their people feel proud.
C. To find out more valuable resources on the Moon.
9. What does the passage mainly tell us
A. Courage leads us to open new doors.
B. New knowledge starts with small discoveries.
C. Lunar samples bring us more knowledge about the Moon.
Many people dream of traveling into outer space. However, spending too much time in space may cause health problems. That’s why astronauts shouldn’t spend more than six months on the International Space Station (ISS) at a time.
Muscle (肌肉) and bone loss(骨质损失). In a weightless environment, astronauts don’t need to use their muscles to support themselves. So their muscles start shrinking (萎缩). To keep their muscles strong, astronauts need to exercise for about two hours each day on the ISS.
Sleep disorder (紊乱). In space, the sun rises every 90 minutes. It is hard for astronauts to get used to this light-dark cycle (循环) when they sleep. Also, they need to sleep in a sleeping bag that is fixed to a wall. It is uncomfortable. Now astronauts have individual (单独的) sleeping pods (睡眠舱) that help shut out some of the light. Still, studies have found that most astronauts only sleep about six hours each night, even though they should have eight and a half hours.
Brain changes. Scientists have found that the position of the brain changes during spaceflight. This can influence how the brain deals with how we see, stay balanced (平衡) and move around. That’s why some astronauts can’t control their movement and balance after returning to Earth. Scientists have also found that astronauts may get used to this change after going on more spaceflights. But they still need to do more research.
10. When astronauts don’t use their muscles in space, _______.
A. they should eat much meat B. their muscles start shrinking
C. they need to exercise all day D. they can’t support themselves
11. Astronauts can’t sleep well mainly because of _______.
A. the weight B. the temperature C. the light D. the air
12. An astronaut can’t control his movement because _______.
A. his muscle shrinks B. he can’t sleep well
C. he doesn’t have any research D. the position of his brain changes
13. How is the text organized (①=Paragraph 1, ②=Paragraph 2 ...)
A. B. C. D.
二、完形填空
If you are dreaming of becoming an astronaut after you grow up, get started now! An astronaut needs a 1 body and mind. Astronauts are able to live upside-down(倒立). They do this not just during sleep, but also when eating and going to the toilet. Before they live in space, they have lots of 2 . Each upside-down training time 3 for 20 days.
Chinese astronauts aren't just spaceship drivers but also machine 4 and scientists. They have to know every 5 of the spaceship and how it works. If something goes wrong, they've got to know 6 to repair it. Also they do scientific experiments in space.
Astronauts took a knife, a gun and some dye(染色水) with them into space to keep safe when returning to the earth. If they land in 7 , the knife and the gun can protect them from wild animals. If they fall into the sea, the dye can color the seawater around them yellow. This can drive 8 sea animals away.
Astronauts must be in good health. They can't get a hurt or be 9 because they have to 10 many things. They've got no time for sickness.
A. similar B. strong C. poor D. smart
A. practice B. sports C. running D. information
A. keeps B. costs C. lasts D. lives
A. teachers B. painters C. engineers D. farmers
A. toilet B. person C. fact D. part
A. what B. why C. where D. how
A. forests B. streets C. cities D. parks
A. necessary B. lively C. dangerous D. lovely
A. lazy B. sick C. crazy D. strict
A. look after B. look at C. look up D. look out
Not many girls have grown up to be rocket engineers. Even fewer have got into space. But Wang Haoze (王浩泽) has 11 to achieve both.
As a student, Wang worked hard in school. In 2008, she 12 Southeast University. It’s one of China’s top universities. But Wang shone not just in the classroom. She was also a good runner and often did well in races.
As a top student, Wang always paid attention to new research fields. These programs were exciting but 13 . Wang once complained about (抱怨) the challenges. Her teacher gave her some advice: Always do your best, 14 you don’t like it. Make hard work a habit. If you don’t, you might not know how to give your best when you finally find something you love.
Wang kept these words in mind. After graduation, she 15 her love for space science. She began working as a 16 engineer. Wang learned a lot and enjoyed solving problems. In just a few months, she designed a great new style.
In May 2018, China began training a new class of astronauts. Wang caught the 17 and signed up (报 名) . Thanks to her strong body and mind, she was 18 . During her training, she faced one challenge after another, but she 19 thought of giving up.
On October 30th, 2024, Wang flew into space by Shenzhou-19 spaceship. She might meet many challenges at the Tiangong space station, but 20 , she will put her best foot forward.
A. performed B. managed C. mentioned D. increased
A. refused B. admired C. entered D. supported
A. difficult B. magic C. simple D. wonderful
A. as long as B. so that C. as soon as D. even if
A. discovered B. dropped C. doubted D. received
A. computer B. rocket C. machine D. building
A. goal B. victory C. chance D. choice
A. prevented B. cancelled C. changed D. accepted
A. never B. always C. finally D. usually
A. in person B. in public C. without doubt D. at most
Most people will remember the excitement of receiving their first letter from a pen pal. The 21 of receiving those letters is beyond description.
Chen Man-lin, a 15-year-old Hong Kong student, was very happy. Her pen pal was orbiting in the Tiangong Space Station when he wrote inspiring words to her. When Chen 22 the national letter-writing activity named “Sending My Dream to Tiangong” to write to the 23 on Tiangong, she wrote a letter the same evening. In her letter, she detailed every moment of her own planned 24 toward contributing (贡献) to national aerospace (航天航空) development, and what she knew about astronauts and the national aerospace development program. Chen’s 25 to write the letter was more than just an impulse (冲动). Her 26 in space had begun at the age of six 27 she watched the live broadcast from orbit (轨道) of a science lecture. She poured that passion for space into her letter, as well as some of her problems over her studies in life.
The three-page reply from Shenzhou XIV astronaut Chen Dong, 28 about a month later. As one of the 30, 000 students from all over the country to take part in the activity, Chen was 29 chosen to receive a reply, the only one in Hong Kong. To encourage the students, Chen Dong recalled 30 he became an astronaut step by step. He also shared his tips for overcoming the difficulties when studying physics and other 31 necessary to achieve his goals. He hoped that young Hong Kong people could follow 32 dreams and make contributions to the country.
The arrival of a letter from space was also a 33 gift to mark the 25th anniversary of Hong Kong’s return to the motherland. “I’ll do as he 34 in the letter; study harder and 35 to stay healthy. I look forward to contributing to national aerospace development in the future,” said Chen.
A. report B. beauty C. message D. kindness
A. thought about B. cared about C. talked about D. learned about
A. astronauts B. writers C. parents D. teachers
A. vacation B. journey C. race D. interview
A. purpose B. chance C. decision D. notice
A. habit B. style C. story D. interest
A. when B. as long as C. as soon as D. as far as
A. posted B. left C. arrived D. brought
A. suddenly B. luckily C. widely D. truly
A. when B. where C. why D. how
A. abilities B. skills C. subjects D. hobbies
A. his B. their C. our D. your
A. proper B. possible C. fair D. useful
A. ordered B. promised C. prepared D. Advised
A. find out B. come out C. work out D. look out
答案以及解析
一、阅读理解
1.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“But it was my college teacher, Gu Fan, who led me to a career in the space. He had a strong interest in spaceflight and often talked about it with us, encouraging us to work for the space industry.”可知，是她的大学老师鼓励她为航天事业努力。故选B。
2.答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段“After she left school, Wang worked on developing new models of rocket engines. It was a new field that she had never explored before.”可知，王浩泽毕业后致力于火箭发动机的研发。故选C。
3.答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段“She later signed up for the selection process to determine the country’s third-batch of astronauts. Finally, Wang and other seventeen men were chosen.”可知，包括王浩泽在内，第三批航天员一共有18人。故选C。
4.答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段“Facing new challenges, she enjoyed learning and overcoming difficulties, just like playing an interesting game.”和第四段“In the course of the training, Wang met many hard challenges, but she never thought about giving up.”可知，王浩泽毕业后努力研发火箭发动机，面对挑战不放弃，入选航天员后认真训练等内容，体现了她勤奋和认真的品质。故选D。
5.答案：B
解析：题干意思是:第十五届中国航展在哪里举行 A项:在北京，B项:在珠海;C项:在上海。根据第一段第一句“The 15th China Airshow was held in Zhuhai in 2021.(第十五届中国航展于2021年在珠海举行。)”，故答案为B。
6.答案：C
解析：题干意思是:中国航天航空局的工程师是如何解决与航天器的通信问题的 A项:通过派遣更多的宇航员;B项:通过建立一个新的空间站;C项:通过使用两个卫星:鹊桥和鹊桥二号。根据第二段最后两句“To solve this problem, CNSA engineers used two satellites, Queqiao and Queqiao-2. These two satellites were launched before this task.(为了解决这个问题，中国航天航空局的工程师使用了两个卫星:鹊桥和鹊桥二号。这两个卫星是在这项任务之前发射的。)”，故答案为C。
7.答案：A
解析：题干意思是:马丁 巴斯托对这条消息有什么感觉 A项:兴奋的;B项:无聊的;C项:担忧的。根据第三段第二句“After hearing about the piece of news, he said, 'I feel really excited that China has got the lunar samples from the far side of the Moon. We knew very little about the geology there before.'(听到这条消息后，他说:“我对中国从月球远端获得月球样本感到非常兴奋。以前我们对那里的地质了解非常少。”)”，可知马丁 巴斯托对这条消息感到兴奋，故答案为A。
8.答案：C
解析：题干意思是:为什么许多国家探索月球 A项:为了找到一个新地方居住;B项:让他们的民族感到自豪;C项:在月球上发现更多有价值的资源。根据第四段最后一句“Many countries are researching the Moon in order to find out more valuable resources there.(许多国家正在研究月球，以便在那里发现更多有价值的资源。)”，故答案为C。
9.答案：C
解析：题干意思是:这篇文章主要告诉我们什么 A项:勇气会带来新的机遇;B项:新的知识始于小的发现;C项:月球样本给我们带来了更多关于月球的知识。根据第一段第一句“Chang'e-6 is the first detector in human history to bring back samples from the far side of the Moon. This is a great event for scientists all over the world and everyone should celebrate it.(嫦娥六号探测器是人类历史上第一个从月球远端带回样本的探测器。这是全世界的科学家的伟大事件，每个人都应该庆祝它。)”，可知这篇文章主要告诉我们月球样本给我们带来了更多关于月球的知识，故答案为C。
10.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“In a weightless environment, astronauts don't need to use their muscles to support themselves. So their muscles start shrinking(缩小).”可知,当宇航员在太空中不使用肌肉时,他们的肌肉开始萎缩。故选B。
11.答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“In a weightless environment, astronauts don't need to use their muscles to support themselves. So their muscles start shrinking(缩小).”可知,当宇航员在太空中不使用肌肉时,他们的肌肉开始萎缩。故选B。
12.答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Scientists have found that the position of the brain changes during spaceflight. This can influence how the brain deals with how we see, stay balanced and move around. That's why some astronauts can't control their movement and balance after returning to the Earth.”可知,因为大脑位置发生了变化,所以一些宇航员无法控制自己的移动。故选D。
13.答案：A
解析：文章结构题。通读全文可知,第一段引出文章主题一介绍宇航员长期在太空可能产生健康问题,第二段到第四段分别从不同方面具体阐述,因此文章结构是“总一分”。故选A。
二、完形填空
答案：B
解析：句意:宇航员需要强壮的身体和坚强的意志。similar相似的;strong强壮的;poor贫穷的;smart聪明的。根据下文“Astronauts are able to live upside-down (倒立). They do this not just during sleep, but also when eating and going to the toilet...”可知，此处是指宇航员需要强壮的身体和坚强的意志。故选B。
答案：A
解析：句意:在进入太空生活之前，他们需要大量的练习。practice练习;sports体育运动;running跑步; information信息。根据下文“Each upside-down training time ... for 20 days.”可知，此处是指需要大量的练习。故选A。
答案：C
解析：句意:每次倒立训练时间为20天。 keeps保持;costs花费;lasts持续;lives生活。根据空后“for 20 days”可知，此处是在描述每次倒立训练需要持续20天。故选C。
答案：C
解析：句意:中国宇航员不仅是宇宙飞船驾驶员，也是机器工程师和科学家。teachers老师;painters画家;engineers工程师; farmers农民。根据下文“They have to know every ... of the spaceship and how it works. If something goes wrong, they've got to know ... to repair it.”可知，此处是指中国宇航员也是机器工程师。故选C。
答案：D
解析：句意:他们必须了解宇宙飞船的每一个部分以及它是如何工作的。toilet厕所;person人;fact事实;part部分。根据下文“If something goes wrong, they've got to know ... to repair it.”可知，此处是指宇航员必须了解宇宙飞船的每一个部分。故选D。
答案：D
解析：句意:如果出了问题，他们必须知道如何修复。what什么;why为什么;where哪里;how怎样。根据“If something goes wrong”及“to repair it”可知，此处是指知道如何修复故障。故选D。
答案：A
解析：句意:如果他们降落在森林里，刀和枪可以保护他们免受野生动物的伤害。forests森林;streets街道;cities城市;parks公园。根据下文“the knife and the gun can protect them from wild animals”可知，野生动物应是出现在森林里。故选A。
答案：C
解析：句意:这可以赶走危险的海洋动物。necessary必要的;lively活泼的;dangerous危险的; lovely可爱的。根据前文“Astronauts took a knife, a gun and some dye (染色水) with them into space to keep safe when returning to the earth.”可知，此处是指赶走危险的海洋动物。故选C。
答案：B
解析：句意:他们不能受伤或生病，因为他们要照顾很多事情。lazy懒惰的;sick生病的;crazy疯狂的;strict严肃的。根据前文“Astronauts must be in good health.”及下文“They’ve got no time for sickness.”可知，此处是指宇航员不能受伤或生病。故选B。
答案：A
解析：句意:他们不能受伤或生病，因为他们要照顾很多事情。look after照顾;look at看着;look up查阅;look out小心。结合语境及空后“many things”可知，此处是指宇航员要照顾很多事情。故选A。
答案：B
解析：句意:但是王浩泽已经成功实现了这两个目标。performed表演;managed设法做到;mentioned提到;increased增加。根据“achieve both”可知，此处表示成功实现了目标，manage to do sth“成功做到某事”，动词短语。故选B。
答案：C
解析：句意:在2008年，她进入了东南大学。refused拒绝;admired钦佩;entered进入;supported支持。根据“As a student, Wang worked hard in school.”可知，此处表示她进入了东南大学。故选C。
答案：A
解析：句意:这些项目令人兴奋但是很难。difficult困难的;magic有魔力的;simple简单的;wonderful精彩的。根据“Wang once complained about (抱怨) the challenges.”可知，这些项目很难。故选A。
答案：D
解析：句意:总是尽你最大的努力，即使你不喜欢它。as long as只要;so that因此; as soon as一……就……;even if即使。根据"Always do your best...you don't like it."可知，此处表示即使你不喜欢，也要尽力去做。故选D。
答案：A
解析：句意:毕业后，她发现了自己对太空科学的热爱。discovered发现;dropped掉落;doubted怀疑;received收到。根据“She began working as a...engineer."可知，此处表示发现了对太空科学的热爱。故选A。
答案：B
解析：句意:她开始作为一名火箭工程师工作。computer电脑;rocket火箭;machine机器;building建筑。根据“space science”可知，此处表示火箭工程师。故选B。
答案：C
解析：句意:王浩泽抓住这个机会并报了名。goal目标;victory胜利;chance机会;choice选择。根据“In May 2018, China began training a new class of astronauts."和“signed up”可知，此处表示抓住这次机会。故选C。
答案：D
解析：句意:多亏了她强壮的身体和强大的意志，她被录取了。 prevented阻止;cancelled取消;changed改变;accepted接受。根据“During her training, she faced one challenge after another”可知，此处表示她被录取了。故选D。
答案：A
解析：句意:在训练期间，她面临一个又一个挑战，但她从未想过放弃。never从不;always总是;finally最终;usually通常。根据“but she”可知，此处表示转折，因此是从未想过放弃。故选A。
答案：C
解析：句意:她可能会在天宫空间站遇到许多挑战，但毫无疑问，她都会全力以赴。in person亲自;in public在公共场合;without doubt毫无疑问;at most最多。根据"she will put her best foot forward."可知，此处表示毫无疑问。故选C。
答案：B
解析：考查名词。句意:收到这些信件的美妙之处无法用语言形容。report报道;beauty美丽;message消息;kindness善良。根据"the excitement of receiving their first letter from a pen pal(收到笔友的第一封信时的兴奋)"可知收到笔友的信是激动的，因此是美妙的感觉，故选B。
答案：D
解析：考查短语。句意:当陈蔓琳在得知全国开展的名为《把我的梦想送上天宫》给天宫上的航天员写信的活动后，当晚就写了一封信。thought about思考;cared about关心;talked about谈论;learned about了解。根据"she wrote a letter the same evening(她当天晚上写了一封信)"可知在得知全国开展的名为《把我的梦想送上天宫》给天宫上的航天员写信的活动后，当晚就写了一封信。故选D。
答案：A
解析：考查名词。句意:当陈蔓琳在得知全国开展的名为《把我的梦想送上天宫》给天宫上的航天员写信的活动后，当晚就写了一封信。astronauts宇航员;writers作家;parents父母;teachers教师。根据"Tiangong"可知是天宫太空站，所以是写给宇航员。故选A。
答案：B
解析：考查名词。句意:在她的信中，她详细描述了自己计划为国家航空航天发展做出贡献的每一刻，以及她对宇航员和国家航空航天发展计划的了解。vacation假期;journey行程;race比赛;interview采访。根据"toward contributing(贡献)to national aerospace(航天航空)development(为国家航空航天发展)"可知是指计划为国家航空航天发展做出贡献的每一刻行程，故选B。
答案：C
解析：考查名词。句意:陈写这封信的决定不仅仅是一时的冲动。purpose目的;chance机会;decision决定;notice通知。根据"to write the letter was more than just an impulse(写这封信不仅仅是一时冲动)“可知是指写这封信的决定不仅仅是一时的冲动，故选C。
答案：D
解析：考查名词。句意:她从六岁开始对太空感兴趣，当她在轨道上观看了一场科学讲座的现场直播时。habit习惯;style风格;story故事;interest兴趣。根据"in space had begun at the age of six(从六岁开始对太空)"以及结合空后的介词in，可知是对太空感兴趣，故选D。
答案：A
解析：考查连词。句意:她从六岁开始对太空感兴趣，当她在轨道上观看了一场科学讲座的现场直播时。when当……时;as long as只要;as soon as-就;as far as就……而言。横线后是时间状语从句，表示当她在轨道上观看了一场科学讲座的现场直播时，应用when。故选A。
答案：C
解析：考查动词。句意:神舟十四号宇航员陈冬长达三页的回复在大约一个月后到达。posted邮寄;left留下;arrived到达;brought带来。根据"The three-page reply from Shenzhou XIV astronaut Chen Dong(神舟十四号宇航员陈冬长达三页的回复)"以及后文的"The arrival of a letter from space(一封来自太空的信的到来)"可知是指回复的到达，故选C。
答案：B
解析：考查副词。句意:作为来自全国各地的参加这次活动的3万名学生中的一员，陈幸运地被选中接收回复，香港的唯一一个。suddenly突然;luckily幸运地;widely广泛地;truly真地。根据"the only one in Hong Kong(香港的唯个)“可知是幸运的，故选B。
答案：D
解析：考查副词。句意:为了鼓励同学们，陈冬回忆了自己是如何一步步成为宇航员的。when什么时候;where哪里;why为什么;how怎样。根据"he became an astronaut step by step(他一步一步地成为宇航员)"可知是指如何一步步成为宇航员的。故选D。
答案：C
解析：考查名词。句意:他还分享了他在学习物理和其他必要学科以实现目标时克服困难的技巧。abilities能力;skills技能;subjects科目;hobbies爱好。根据横线前是物理学科，所以横线后是其他的学科。故选C。
答案：B
解析：考查形容词性物主代词。句意:他希望香港青年能够追逐他们的梦想，为国家作出贡献。his他的;their他们的;our我们的;your你们的。主语是"young Hong Kong people (年轻的香港人)"，因此对应的应是"他们的"，故选B。
答案：A
解析：考查形容词。句意:太空信件的来临，也是纪念香港回归祖国25周年的恰当礼物。proper合适的;possible可能的;fair公平的;useful有用的。根据"gift to mark the 25th anniversary of Hong Kong's return to the motherland(纪念香港回归祖国25周年的……礼物)"可知是指也是纪念香港回归祖国25周年的恰当礼物。故选A。
答案：D
解析：考查动词。句意:我会照他在信中的建议去做。ordered命令;promised承诺;prepared准备;advised建议。根据"He also shared his tips(他还分享了自己的建议)"可知是指建议，故选D。
答案：C
解析：考查短语。句意:更加努力地学习和锻炼以保持健康。find out查明;come out出版;work out锻炼身体;look out小心。根据后文"to stay healthy(为了保持健康)"，所以是锻炼身体。故选C。

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