资源简介

(共29张PPT)
Unit 5
Languages Around the World
Discovering Useful Structures
1
Students will be able to accurately recognize and utilize relative pronouns and adverbs within attributive clauses.
2
By analyzing grammar in diverse examples, students can enhance their capacity to independently learn grammar rules.
Learning Objectives
Teaching Focus
Master the correct usage of relative pronouns and adverbs in attributive clauses, and understand the logical relationships they express.
Teaching Challenges
Enable students to flexibly distinguish between relative pronouns and adverbs according to the syntactic functions in clauses, and apply them accurately in different contexts.
Teaching Focus and Teaching Challenges
Part 1
Attributive Clause
(Ⅱ)
Enjoy the song！
Remember the first day ______ I saw your face.
Remember the first day______you smiled at me.
There’s a place downtown______the freaks all come around. It’s a hole in the world.
Oh, she must be the reason_____god made a girl.
She is so pretty all over the world.
Lead-in
when
when
where
why
关系副词
关系副词 先行词 功能
when 先行词通常为表示时间的名词，如time、day、occasion 等。 作时间状语
where 先行词通常为表示具体或抽象地点的名词，如place、position、situation、point 等。 作地点状语
why 先行词通常为 reason(s)。 作原因状语
关系副词与关系代词的区别
对比维度 关系代词 关系副词
核心作用 连接主从句并替代先行词 连接主从句，说明从句时间、地点或原因
从句成分 作主语、宾语、定语（如who/whom/which/that/whose） 作时间、地点、原因状语（如when/where/why）
常见先行词 人或物 时间、地点、原因类名词
判断关键 从句缺主宾定→用关系代词（The book (which) I read） 从句主谓宾完整→用关系副词（The day when I arrived）
where的用法
关系副词 where 用于引导定语从句时，在从句中充当地点状语。其先行词可以是 place、house、city、country 等具体地点名词，也可以是 society、situation、stage、point、case 等抽象地点概念的名词。在很多情况下，where 可与 “介词 + which” 结构进行同义替换。
There comes a stage where you have to face the challenges alone.
作地点状语
= at which
where的用法
注意：
先行词为具体地点名词：当先行词是地点名词（如 house、place 等），若关系词在定语从句中作主语或宾语，需使用that或which引导定语从句。
当先行词是position、point、case、stage、situation、atmosphere等抽象地点概念的名词时，若定语从句中缺少地点状语，则用where引导从句，此时 “where” 相当于 “介词 + which” 。
The building which/that stands near the river is our school library.
从句缺成分，作主语
We are in a position where we have to make a quick decision.
从句不缺成分，作状语
when的用法
在定语从句中，when用于表示时间，充当从句的时间状语。其引导的从句通常修饰time、day、year、moment、period等表示时间概念的先行词，并且在多数情况下，when可与相应的时间介词 + which结构互换使用。
There comes a time when you have to make your own choices.
作时间状语
= at which
when的用法
注意：
当先行词是时间名词时，定语从句看关系词在句中的成分确定，如作状语，则用when 引导；如关系词作主语或宾语，则用that 或which 引导。
I still remember the days when we chatted with each other all night.
I still remember the days that /which we spent together on the farm.
作状语
作宾语
why的用法
在定语从句中，why专门用于表达原因，在从句内充任原因状语。其引导的从句通常修饰 reason、excuse 等明确表示原因或理由的先行词。绝大多数情况下，why 与 for which 可以相互替换。
She couldn't give a good excuse why she missed the deadline.
作原因状语
= for which
why的用法
注意：
若先行词 reason 的关系词在定语从句中不作状语，而是充当主语或宾语，则用 that 或 which 引导定语从句
I won’t listen to the reason that /which you have given us.
作原因状语
宾语
介词的选择
1. 依据先行词与从句中动词的搭配来选择
This is the house where I lived last year.
=This is the house in which I lived last year.
2. 依据先行词与从句中名词的搭配来选择
I know the reason why he left.
=I know the reason for which he left.
“live” 常与 “in” 搭配，构成 “live in”
“reason” 常与 “for” 搭配，构成 “for the reason”
介词的选择
3. 依据先行词所表达的含义来选择
This is the city where I was born.
=This is the city in which I was born.
4. 考虑句子所表达的逻辑关系来选择
The year when he graduated from college was 2010.
=The year in which he graduated from college was 2010.
“be born” 通常搭配 “in”，表示 “在某个城市出生”
这里表示 “在某一年”，用 “in” 符合时间上的逻辑关系
介词的选择
5. 表示“所有”或“整体的一部分”时通常用both/none/some/most...+介词 “of ”+which/whom 翻译成：其中两个都，其中没有，其中一个，其中大部分等
He has two sons, _____________ graduated from Peking University.
他有两个儿子，他们都毕业于北京大学。
2) Tom wrote many children’s books, half __________ were about campus culture.
汤姆写了很多儿童书籍，其中一半是关于校园文化的。
both of whom
of which
关系代词or 关系副词？
This is the reason _____________ I didn't come.
why/for which
指时间，地点或原因的先行词在定语从句中作状语时，用关系副词。
指时间，地点或原因的先行词在定语从句中作主语或宾语时，用关系代词。
The reason ___________ she gave was not true.
which/that
判断依据：先行词在从句中所作成分
① 从句缺少主、宾、定
② 从句缺状语
关系代词
关系副词
Summary
关系副词 where=in/on/at等+which when=in/on/at等+which why=for +which
修饰 （先行词）
成分 可省？ 表时间的名词
表地点的名词
reason
（表示原因）
状语，从句不缺成分
不可省略
关系副词可以用“介词+which”替换
Look at these sentences and underline the restrictive relative clauses. What kind of information does each clause communicate
Activity 1
1. It was a time when people were divided geographically.
2. Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction.
3. There are many reasons why people learn a foreign language.
4. These were animal bones and shells on which symbols were carved by ancient Chinese people.
a time for an event
a location
a reason for an action
a location for an action
Fill in the table to complete each phrase with a restrictive relative clause. Then use the phrases to make complete sentences.
Activity 2
the day when
the place where
the earthquake happened
I was on holiday the day when the earthquake happened.
She works near the place where my friend lives.
my friend lives
①
②
Fill in the table to complete each phrase with a restrictive relative clause. Then use the phrases to make complete sentences.
Activity 2
the reason why
the place/time in/at which
I don't know the reason why I didn't get a pay-rise.
This is the cupboard in which I found Grandma's glasses.
I didn't get a pay-rise
I found Grandma's glasses
③
④
Complete the passage with the correct relative adverbs or pronouns. Add a preposition where necessary.
Activity 3
When I started studying German, it was a struggle. The words felt strange on my tongue, and the grammar would not stay in my head. I told my mum that I wanted to give up, and that I would never live in a country _____________ German was spoken. My mum told me that studying a language was not just for my future. It was exercise for the brain; the more I learnt of a language, the more my brain would grow.
where/in which
Complete the passage with the correct relative adverbs or pronouns. Add a preposition where necessary.
Activity 3
And I remember that day ______________ suddenly felt like German was no longer a foreign language. It felt like my brain had doubled in size. I had finally come to a place ______________ I could think in this foreign language, and I could see the world from a diferent point of view. I felt as if I had reached the goal __________ I had been fighting for. I could open a book and see meanings, not just a sea of words. I finally understood the reason ____________ my mum had encouraged me not to give up. Thanks, Mum!
when/on which
where/at which
which/that
why/for which
Part 2
Exercise
1. Do you remember those days __________ we spent along the seashore very happily
2. She spent the evening talking about the things and persons _______ none of us has ever heard of.
3. As you know, the final exam of this term is around the corner, for __________ I am kind of busy preparing.
4. The accident had reached to a point __________ both their parents are to be called in.
5. Please think up a situation ____________ you can use daily expression.
that/which
that
which
where
where
6. We visited the house ________ the famous scientist once lived.
7. The photo reminded me of the days ________ I played hide-and-seek with my brother.
8. The reason _____ I don’t know the thing is that I was not there at that time.
9. We have entered into an age ________dreams have the best chance of coming true.
10. TikTok______ people share their lives are popular all over the world.
11. The problem has come to a point ________ everyone has
different opinions and it is difficult to reach an agreement.
where
when
why
when
where
where
12. We visited the car factory my uncle once worked three years ago.
13. This is the factory I visited last year.
14. I’ll always remember the days I spent with villagers in the mountains.
15. This is the place the famous headmaster delivered a speech.
16. I don’t know the reason for the athlete gave up halfway
through the competition.
where　
that/which　
which/that　
where　
which　
Homework
1. Summarise what we have learnt in this lesson;
2. Prepare for the next lesson
See you next time!

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