资源简介

(共29张PPT)
Unit 4
Natural Disasters
Discovering Useful Structures
1
Students are able to identify and summarize the key grammar structures related to natural disasters in Unit 4, such as relevant verb tenses and sentence patterns.
2
Students can apply the grammar structures learned in this unit correctly in both oral and written expressions about natural disasters.
Learning Objectives
Teaching Focus
Focus on helping students master the grammar structures for describing natural disasters, including verb tenses and key sentence patterns.
Teaching Challenges
Enable students to accurately distinguish and correctly use similar grammar structures when expressing ideas about natural disasters.
Teaching Focus and Teaching Challenges
Part 1
Attributive Clause
(Ⅰ)
Lead-in
他是一个巫师
他是一个在霍格沃茨上学的巫师
他是一个在霍格沃茨上学、戴着圆框眼镜的巫师
他是一个在霍格沃茨上学、戴着圆框眼镜、额头有闪电疤痕的巫师
他是一个在霍格沃茨上学、戴着圆框眼镜、额头有闪电疤痕、手持冬青木魔杖的巫师
他是一个在霍格沃茨上学、戴着圆框眼镜、额头有闪电疤痕、手持冬青木魔杖、曾经三次打败伏地魔的巫师
猜猜他是谁？
定义与作用
定语从句
在复合句中，作定语修饰名词或代词的从句。
The couple who live next to us volunteered to help after the volcano erupted.
先行词
定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。
关系词
连接主句和从句
指代先行词
在从句中充当句子成分
（作用）
关系代词
关系代词除了指代主句中的先行词外，同时还在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语等。作宾语时可以省略;但关系代词作介词宾语，而且介词提到它的前面时,关系代词不能省略。
关系代词 修饰的先行词 在从句中所作的成分
who 人 主语、宾语
whom 人 宾语
whose 人或物 定语
that 人或物 主语、宾语、表语
which 物或事 主语、宾语、定语、表语
as 人、物或事 主语、宾语、表语
who, whom的用法
关系代词who,whom指 _______，who在定语从句中作__________或__________，whom作___________，作_________时可省略。
人
宾语
宾语
主语
宾语
1. She is a student who comes from Canada.
2. The man (who/whom) you met just now is my father.
二者都用于指人。
在从句中作介词的宾语且介词提到关系词之前时,只能用whom, 不能用who。
I have many friends to whom I can turn for help when in trouble.
我有很多在困难时刻可以求助的朋友。
whose的用法
关系代词whose既可以指 __________也可以指物，表示先行词和它所修饰的词之间是所属关系，在定语从句中做_______。
人
定语
The girl whose work got the prize is the youngest in her class.
2. It’s the house whose door is painted red.
3. This kind of book is for children whose native language is English.
whose的用法
在whom和which之前加of也可以表示_________ (即: of whom, of which)。此时名词需要_____，应加定冠词，放在of whom，of which之前或之后均可。
所属关系
I want to help the children whose parents died in the earthquake.
=I want to help the children of whom the parents died in the earthquake.
=I want to help the children the parents of whom died in the earthquake.
We must repair the desks whose legs are broken.
=We must repair the desks of which the legs are broken.
=We must repair the desks the legs of which are broken.
特指
which的用法
关系代词which指代____________；可以指代前面整个______的内容，引导非限制性定语从句，必须用_____隔开；当从句需要介词时，使用____________的正式结构。which可以在定语从句中作主语、宾语,偶尔作定语或表语。
物
主句
介词+which
逗号
The river which runs through the centre of the city brings us lots of pleasure.
Do you remember the holiday (which) we spent together
He changed his mind again, which made us all angry.
She was not sick, which some of the other passengers were.
(which在从句中作主语)
(which 在从句中作宾语)
(which指代整个主句的内容，在从句中作主语)
(which指代形容词sick，在从句中作表语)
that的用法
that可以指代________，在限制性定语从句中作____________________。
人或物
主语、宾语、表语
Jane is no longer the person (that/who/whom) I worked with several years ago.
This is the supermarket that/which sells a variety of goods.
The message (that/which) you are looking for is in today's China Daily.
(that/who/whom在从句中作宾语)
(that/which在从句中作主语)
(that/which在从句中作宾语)
as的用法
(1) as引导限制性定语从句,先行词前有 as, so, such 或the same修饰。
Such people as have made great contributions to the world should be greatly respected.
You may take as many chairs as you need.
He made the same mistake as you made in the last exam.
(as 在从句中作主语)
(as 作 need 的宾语)
(as作made的宾语)
as的用法
(2) as引导非限制性定语从句，其先行词是整个主句。
As everybody knows, Shakespeare was a great English writer.
Tom is a brave boy, as is described in the report.
The project, as we had expected, got along well.
(从句在主句之前, as在从句中作宾语)
(从句在主句中间，as在从句中作宾语)
(从句在主句之后，as在从句中作主语)
as的用法
(3) as引导非限制性定语从句，可以放在句首、句中或句末，用来修饰整个主句的内容，对主句进行补充说明。
“which” 引导的非限定性定语从句通常没有 “正如” 的含义，且一般只能放在主句之后。
As is known to all, the earth moves around the sun.
(as 在从句中作主语)
The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.
(which指代整个句子)
注意
The watch (that/which) you gave me keeps perfect time.
(1) 关系代词在从句中作宾语时可省略。
Alice is not the person (that) she was ten years ago.
(2) 关系代词在从句中作表语时可省略。
Education should be the most important thing (that) parents are greatly concerned about.
(3) 关系代词在从句中作介词的宾语，而介词在从句句尾时可省略。
宾语
表语
about的宾语
只用that不用which
(1)当先行词是all, little, few, much, everything, nothing, none 等不定代词时。
All that I need is only your advice.
There is not much that ought to be done right now.
Parents always do everything that they can to support their children.
These messages are the very ones that I have been looking for.
(2)当先行词被 all, every, no, little, few, much, the only, the very, the right, the last等修饰时。
(3) 当先行词是序数词或形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时。
When it comes to Jinan, the first that comes to mind is the spring water.
That is the best film that has ever been shown so far in the city.
(4)当主句是以which 开头的特殊疑问句时。
Which is one of the things that make people happy
只用that不用which
只用 which 不用 that
(1)关系代词前有介词时。
I'm looking for a box in which I can put all these eggs.
(2)在非限制性定语从句中。
Football, which is a very interesting game, is played all over the world.
(3)先行词为that、those时。
What's that which excites you so much
Find and underline the restrictive relative clauses in the sentences below. What function do the restrictive relative clauses have
Activity 1
· The Tangshan earthquake was a terrible experience that my great-grandma cannot forget.
· The couple who live next to us volunteered to help after the volcano erupted.
· The supplies which were provided to the disaster area were collected from around the country.
· Mr Li is an architect whose designs for the new town have won praise.
· A doctor with whom James used to work died in the 2016 earthquake in Ecuador.
Complete each sentence with that, which, who, whose, whom, or “/”. Then translate the sentences into Chinese.
Activity 2
1 Here are some of the people ________ homes were destroyed by the typhoon.
2 The terrible shaking of the building woke up all the people __________ were asleep.
3 The next day, people put up shelters in the open air using anything __________ they could find.
whose
who
有些人的家园被台风摧毁了。
建筑物可怕的摇晃把人们从睡梦中惊醒。
that OR /
第二天，人们用能找到的一切物品在空地上搭建起避难所。
Complete each sentence with that, which, who, whose, whom, or “/”. Then translate the sentences into Chinese.
Activity 2
4 Several days later, most of the buildings ________ had been damaged by the hurricane were repaired.
5 The injured boy ________ mother was lost in the disaster was taken to the hospital.
that/which
whose
几天以后，大多数被飓风破坏的建筑物得到了修缮。
那个在灾难中失去了母亲的受伤男孩被送去了医院。
Complete each sentence with that, which, who, whose, whom, or “/”. Then translate the sentences into Chinese.
Activity 2
6 The woman wrote a thank-you letter to the soldier by ________ she was rescued.
7 Is this the young boy _______ saved several other students trapped under buildings
这位女士给营救她的战士写了一封感谢信。
这就是那个从楼里救出了好几位被困同学的男孩吗？
Part 2
Exercise
1. Few of them were injured in the accident last night, they
2. I don’t think that the necklace is made of diamond, it
3. She is unfit for the job, she (is/isn’t)
4. Mother used to live in a poor village, she
5. Everything begins to grow in spring, it
6. Sarah had her washing machine repaired the day before yesterday,
7. He’d like to join our discussion,
8. Don’t make so much noise in public places,
were
is
isn’t
didn't/usedn’t
are doesn’t
didn’t she
wouldn’t he
will you
6. I don’t think you have heard of him before, you
7. Mary thinks you will come to the party, she
8. You had some trouble finding where I live, you
9. They must have stayed at home last night, they
10. You’d better have a day off so that you can look after your sick mother,
you (won’t/hadn’t)
11. Let us wait for you in the reading room,
12. Come to have supper with us this evening,
have
didn’t
didn’t
doesn’t
hadn’t
will/won’t you
will you
13. do gymnastics,
让我们去体育馆做些体操训练，好吗
14. Gymnastics can and make us have a graceful figure,
体操训练能增强我们的力气，塑造我们优美的体形，是吗
15. However, exercise
但是锻炼需要巨大的决心，是吗
16. You don’t think we can finish the marathon,
你认为我们不会跑完这次马拉松，是吗
Let’s go to gym to
shall we
needs great determination, doesn’t it
can’t they
do you
build up our strength
Homework
1. Summarise what we have learnt in this lesson;
2. Prepare for the next lesson
See you next time!

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