资源简介

(共35张PPT)
Welcome Unit
Discovering Useful Structures
1
Have a good understanding of the basic sentence structures and basic components of a sentence.
2
Identify the basic sentence structures—SV; SVO; SP; SV IO DO; SVOC; SVA; SVOA; There be...
Learning Objectives
Teaching Focus
Enable students to understand and master the five basic sentence patterns and help students identify and analyze the various sentence components in different sentences
Teaching Challenges
Students may have difficulty in distinguishing between different sentence patterns, especially when dealing with complex sentences.
Teaching Focus and Teaching Challenges
Part 1
Sentence components
句子成分
I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday.
↓
主语
↓
谓
语
↓
定语
↓
宾
语
↓
同位语
↓
状
语
1. How do you express your ideas, by sentences or single words
2. Can you identify the following sentence components
Lead-in
句子成分
定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。
主要成分：主语（subject）、谓语（predicate）
次要成分：表语（predicative）、宾语（object）、定语（attribute）、状语(adverbial)、补足语（complement）、同位语（appositive)
1. The teacher explained the grammar rules clearly.
2. They went to the park yesterday.
3. Twenty of the students passed the exam.
4. To travel around the world is her dream.
5. Swimming is good for health.
6. What he said surprised everyone.
名词
代词
数词
不定式
句子
动名词
(Subject)主语:句子说明的人或事物
简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成
复合谓语：由情态动词或助动词+动词
The dog barked loudly.
They ate dinner together.
He can speak three languages.
They were playing soccer.
She has finished her homework.
(Verb) 谓语动词:说明主语的动作、状态和特征
1. They visited the museum.
2. I saw him at the park.
3. We need five for the team.
4. Respect the elderly.
5. She wants to travel abroad.
6. He enjoys swimming.
7. She asked if we were ready.
名词
代词
数词
不定式
动名词
名词化的形容词
句子
(Object) 宾语: 动作的对象或承受者——及物动词或介词的宾语
双宾语（Double Objects）是英语中一种特殊的句型结构，由“主语 + 谓语 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语”构成（SV IO DO）。间接宾语通常指人，表示动作的接受者；直接宾语通常指物，表示动作的直接对象。
动词要求：只有特定动词可接双宾语，如 give, send, show, tell, buy 等。
She gave me (IO) a gift (DO).
语序变化：双宾语可转换为“主语 + 谓语 + 直接宾语 + to/for + 间接宾语”。
He sent a letter (DO) to his friend (IO).
to 类（强调方向）：give, send, show, tell, teach
Teach us (IO) English (DO). → Teach English to us.
for 类（强调目的）：buy, make, cook, choose
Mom made me (IO) a cake (DO). → Mom made a cake for me.
The flowers are beautiful.
He is a teacher.
My lucky number is seven.
Class is over.
The cat is under the chair.
Her job is teaching.
My dream is to travel.
形容词
名词
数词
介词短语
动名词
副词
不定式
Tips
表语是句子中的不完整的谓语，须和系动词一起构成句子中的完整的复合谓语。
表语是谓语的部件，而不是与谓语平级的句子成分。
(predicative) 表语:说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态
We consider it important.
They elected him president.
She found the book interesting.
Keep your hands on the desk.
I saw him running.
He asked me to help.
I had my hair cut.
形容词
现在分词
过去分词
介词短语
代词
名词
不定式
宾语补足语
(Object complement)宾语补足语：说明宾语的身份和状态以补充其意义不足，使句子的意义完整。
a frightened girl
ten students
the chance to win
a sleeping guy
a lost dog
a bird in the cage
an apple tree
the boy who is delivering a speech
数词
形容词
不定式
现在分词
过去分词
介词短语
名词
定语从句
(Attribute) 定语是对名词或代词起修饰，限定作用的句子成分。
1. She spoke softly to the baby.
2. He ran so fast that he fell.
3. If it rains, we will stay indoors.
4. She sings better than her sister.
5. Although tired, he finished the work.
方式状语
结果状语
条件状语
让步状语
比较状语
(Adverbial)状语：说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。
句子成分 意义 充当成分 例句
定语 用来修饰名词或代词 形，代，数，名, 副，介词短语或句子 We have eight lessons every day.
状语 修饰动词，形容词，副词，表示动作发生的时间，地点，原因，目的，方式，结果等 副词，介词短语或句子 He works very hard.
They held a party in Hollywood.
宾语补足语 逻辑上与宾语是主谓关系 形容词，名词，介词短语等 She always keeps the house clean.
Summary
Part 2
Basic sentence structures
1. SV:主语+谓语(不及物动词)
这种句型称为主谓结构，其谓语一般是不及物动词。
He is crying.他正在哭。
主语 谓语
Every second counts. 分秒必争。
主语 谓语
主语：
谓动词动作的发出者
谓语：
1.实义动词
2.系动词
3.情态动词+V原型
简 单 句
2.SVO:主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语
这种句型称为主谓宾结构，它的谓语一般为及物动词或及物动词短语，因此其后要接宾语。
She likes English. 她喜欢英语。
主语 谓语 宾语(名词作宾语)
简 单 句
宾语：谓语动词的内容或者对象。
充当宾语成分的可以是名词(短语)、代词、动词不定式、动词-ing形式等。
3. SP:主语+(连系动词+)表语
这种句型称为主(系)表结构。
He became a teacher.
主语 谓语 表语
表语：
系动词后的词或短语
充当表语成分的为形容词，名词、代词、副词、介词短语、不定式及分词等
简 单 句
常见的系动词分类
(1)判断类：be，prove(证明是)。
(2)持续类：keep(保持)，remain(仍然是；保持不变)，stay(保持)，lie(处于；保持)，stand(处于某种状态或情形)。
(3)表象类：seem(似乎，好像)，appear(看来，好像)，look(似乎，看来好像)。
(4)感官类：feel(摸起来)，look(看起来)，smell(闻起来),sound(听起来)，taste(尝起来)。
(5)变化类：become(变成)，grow(逐渐变得；逐渐成为)，turn(变成，成为)，fall(变成)，get(变得)，go(变得)等。
简 单 句
4.SV IO DO：主语+谓语(及物动词) +间接宾语+直接宾语 。
在该句型中，谓语后接两个宾语：一个指人(间接宾语)；一个指物(是直接宾语)。
通常情况下，间接宾语在前，直接宾语在后。
I bought Mary a birthday gift.
主语 谓语 间接宾语 直接宾语
简 单 句
有时根据强调需要，间接宾语可置于直接宾语后，这时要在间接宾语前加介词to或for。这类动词有buy, give, offer, show,lend等。
My mother gave a book to me.
主语 谓语 直接宾语 介词 间接宾语
我妈妈给我一本书。
Attention
简 单 句
5.SVOC：主语+谓语（及物动词）+宾语+宾语补足语。
在某些及物动词后面，要用一个“宾语+宾补”结构才能表达完整的意思。
作宾语补足语成分的有：名词、形容词、介词短语、非谓语等。
I saw them getting on the bus.
(主语) 谓语 宾语 宾补
简 单 句
6.SVA:主语+谓语(不及物动词)+状语
状语修饰谓语动词或整个句子。
作状语成分的有：副词，介词短语，非谓语。
The pen writes smoothly.
主语 谓语 时间状语
简 单 句
7.SVOA：主语+谓语（及物动词）+宾语+状语
He bought a new car last April in ShangHai.
主语 谓语 宾语 时间状语 地点状语
简 单 句
8. There be句型
There's always something exciting to do
There be..句型中的be有时态的变化，还可与助动词和情态动词连用。be 有时可以由exist, lie, stand, seem to be, appear to be等词(组)代替。
简 单 句
There is no point in doing sth.
…是没有意义的
There is no sense in doing sth.
...没有理由/没有好处；
There is no use/good in doing sth
…没有好处
There is no harm in doing sth
…没有害处
There is no point in arguing with him further.
进一步和他争论是没有意义的。
There be...to do有…要去做
There be... doing有…正在做
There be... done有·…被做
There be 结构的常用句型：
简 单 句
Part 3
Language Points
forward adv. (also forwards) 向前；前进 adj. 向前的；前进的
look forward to 盼望；期待
put forward 提出（想法、建议等）；将…… 提前
move forward 向前移动；进展，前进
step forward 向前走；挺身而出
carry forward 发扬；推进，开展
练习：I look forward to __________ from you soon.
hearing
go down 下降；下沉；（沿着……）往下走；下去
go in 进入；参加（比赛等）
go by 经过；（时间）流逝；遵循
go back 回去；追溯到
go away 离开；走开
go ahead 前进；开始；继续
练习：You can go ____________ and start the project.
ahead
come out 结果是；被公开；显露；显现；出版；发行
come about：发生；产生
come across：偶然遇见；无意中发现
come along：一起来；进展；出现
come back：回来；回忆起
come down：下来；降落；流传下来。
练习：How did this accident come __________
about
Part 4
Exercise
1. She loves dancing.
2. The lesson continued for another hour.
3. My teacher wants me to spend more time reading.
4. Mr Lin gave us an encouraging talking.
5. She laughed.
6. Reading more books are helpful.
7. There are many things to be considered.
SVO
SVA
SVOC
S V IO DO
SV
SP
There be ...
Homework
1. Summarise what we have learnt in this lesson;
2. Prepare for the next lesson
See you next time!

展开更多......

收起↑