资源简介

(共25张PPT)
Unit 1
Discovering Useful Structures
Lead in
短语的分类:
名词短语 (Noun Phrases):
指以一个名词为中心构成的短语，在句子的功能相当于名词。
形容词短语 (Adjective Phrases):
指以一个形容词为中心构成的短语，在句子的功能相当于形容词。
副词短语 (Adverb Phrases):
指以一个副词为中心构成的短语，在句子的功能相当于副词。
再长的句子也是由这几个要素构成：
单词（word）；短语(phrase)；分句(clause)；句子(sentence)
短语
分类
I will buy a couple of books in the bookstore,which is beside my school.
名词短语（NP）
动词短语(VP)
形容词短语(adjP)
副词短语(advP)
介词短语(P.P)
不同词性的短语有自己的构成规则，熟悉规则
可避免语法错误
Improve a draft
Adjective phrase (AdjP)
Noun Phrase
(NP)
Word group with a noun as its head word
Word group with an adjective as its head word
Word group with an adverb as its head word
Adverb phrase (AdvP)
动词短语(VP)？
介词短语(P.P)？
1.The first week was a little confusing.
2.The building is so big that I'm completely lost.
3.The kids over there are putting something on a round paper plate.
4.Linda thinks and speaks quite quickly, and she can do well in the debate.
5.The new coach told me that I didn't play well enough.
6.My first French class was very confusing. The teacher spoke so fast!
Adjective
AdjP
形容词
短语
Phrase
观察与探究
表
表
表
表
Adjective Phrase (AdjP) 形容词短语
1.含义：形容词短语是指以一个________为中心构成的短语，在句中的功能相
当于一个__________。
形容词
2. 构成：形容词短语是由形容词或形容词+修饰语构成的。
（1）形容词+形容词（两个或多个形容词可以由and,or,but等连词连接）
large and beautiful 大且漂亮的
young but wise 年轻但智慧的
（2）副词+形容词
very hot 非常热的
quite good 相当好的
a little dirty 有点脏的
extremely difficult 极其困难的
（3）形容词+介词短语
full of water 装满水的
suitable for the job 适合这份工作的
形容词
1.The first week was a little confusing.
2.The building is so big that I'm completely lost.
3.The kids over there are putting something on a round paper plate.
4.Linda thinks and speaks quite quickly, and she can do well in the debate.
5.The new coach told me that I didn't play well enough.
6.My first French class was very confusing. The teacher spoke so fast!
Adverb
AdvP
副词
短语
Phrase
观察与探究
状语
状语
状语
谓语
谓语主要分为两类：
简单谓语
复合谓语
凡是由一个动词构成，不管是什么时态，语态，语气都是简单谓语。
We have been hoping to visit your country。
很久以来一直想访问你们的国家。
情态动词与动词原形
系动词+ 表语
That may or may not be true. 这可能是真的，也可能不是。
It is a powerful engine. 这是一台强劲的发动机。
1. I studied in Guangming Primary School from 1984 to 1990.
2. This morning we met at the school gate and went there together
3. The time passed quickly.
4. Great changes have taken place in our hometown these years.
5. The car didn't stop but drove off at great speed.
Ｓ Ｖ（实义动词） Ｏ(宾语)
1. Who 2. She 3. He 4. He 5. They 6. I 7. He knows laugh at understands made ate want said the answer
her.
English.
cakes.
some apples.
to have a cup of tea.
"Good morning."
（3）名词+定语从句
a girl who is good at English
a place which is famous in China
workers that work day and night
（2）名词+形容词短语
a man suitable for the job
a girl lucky enough
the boy anxious to know the result
一个适合这份工作的人
一个很幸运的女孩子
一个擅长英语的女孩
一个在中国很出名的地方
日夜劳作的工人们
迫切想知道结果的那个男孩子
后置定语
（4）名词+不定式
a letter to write
some words to say
a lady to get married
a group to visit our school next week
一封要写的信
一些要说的话
一位即将结婚的女士
一个将到我们学习参观的团体
（5）名词+分词
a girl singing well
the students reading in the classroom
the man playing basketball well
a book written by Rose
the thief caught by the police
houses broken by the earthquake
唱歌很好听的一个女孩子
在教室里读书的学生
篮球打得很好的那个人
罗斯写的一本书
被警察抓住的那个小偷
被地震破坏的房屋
后置定语
（6）名词+同位语
Lily，my best friend
Beijing, the capital of China
Sam, an outgoing boy
He told me the news that our team won.
北京，中国的首都
莉莉，我最好的朋友
山姆，一个外向的男孩子
他告诉我我们队赢了。
后置定语
Lead in
短语的分类:
名词短语 (Noun Phrases):
指以一个名词为中心构成的短语，在句子的功能相当于名词。
形容词短语 (Adjective Phrases):
指以一个形容词为中心构成的短语，在句子的功能相当于形容词。
副词短语 (Adverb Phrases):
指以一个副词为中心构成的短语，在句子的功能相当于副词。
名词短语（NP)
定义：
名词与它的修饰语一起构成的短语。
功能：
在句中的功能相当于名词，可作主语、宾语、表语或宾语补足语。
注意：
名词的修饰语与名词有两种位置关系：一是放在被修饰名词的前面，作前置定语；二是放在被修饰名词的后面，作后置定语。
Something interesting is for you. (主语)
He is my old friend. (表语)
He had a big dinner. (宾语)
We call him a great hero. (宾语补语)
构成：
① adj. + n. /n. + adj.
homeless people 无家可归的人 people present at the meeting 出席会议的人们
② n. + n.
the school football team 校足球队 a woman doctor 一名女医生
③ n. + and + n.
teachers and students 老师和学生
④ v.-ing + n. / n. + v.–ing
reading ability 阅读能力 students reading in the classroom 在教室读书的学生们
⑤ -ed + n. /n. + -ed
fallen leaves 落叶 photos taken by Mike 迈克拍的照片
⑥ n. + to do
the meeting to be held tomorrow 明天要召开的会议
⑦ n. + 介词短语
a solution to the question 问题的解决办法
⑧ 限定词 + n.
my schedule 我的时间表
名词短语由“(限定词)＋(数词、形容词、形容词短语、描述性名词)＋名词＋(介词短语)”组成。
限定词包括冠词(a、an、the)，指示代词(this、that、these、those等)，形容词性物主代词(my、your、his、her、our、their、its等)和不定代词(some、no、neither、both等)。
【误区警示】
在名词短语中对名词中心词起限定作用的叫限定词。限定词总是位于名词中心词之前。
（1）限定词与作前置修饰语的形容词同时修饰一个名词中心词时，限定词要位于形容词之前。
（2）一个名词前如果有两个或两个以上的限定词，那么这些限定词按先后顺序可分为前位、 中位、后位限定词。
① 前位限定词有 all，both，half，double，twice，one-third，what 等。
② 中位限定词有 a（n），the，this，that，these，those；my，your，his，her，its；some， no，every，either，enough，what（ever）等。
③ 后位限定词有 one，two，...；first，second，...；next，last，other，another；many， much，（a）few，（a）little，fewer，（the）fewest，less，（the）least，more，most； several，such；plenty of，lots of，a great number of，a great/good many 等。
④若一个名词词组带有两类或三类限定词，则搭配关系为：前位—中位—后位。
如：half his lesson 他的课的一半，all the three students所有这 3 名学生，all other students
1. The beautiful girl is Lily.
2. The beautiful girl to get married is Lily
3. The beautiful girl wearing sunglasses is Lily.
4. The beautiful girl hugged by a lady is Lily.
5. The beautiful girl in blue T-shirt is Lily.
6. The beautiful girl who is the leading actress in the film is Lily.
7. The beautiful girl lucky enough is Lily.
8. Lily, a beautiful girl,is very kind .
译一译
1. The first week was a little confusing.
2. The building is so big that I’m completely lost.
3. The kids over there are putting something on a round paper plate.
4. Linda thinks and speaks quite quickly, and she can do well in the debate.
5. The new coach told me that I didn’t play well enough.
6. My first French class was very confusing. The teacher spoke so fast!
AdjP
NP
NP
AdjP
AdjP
NP
NP
NP
AdjP
AdvP
1. Find and mark the phrases:
AdvP
NP
NP
AdvP
NP
NP
AdvP
AdjP
2. Answer the questions using the phrases in brackets.
1. How soon do you think you’ll finish your homework (pretty soon)
2. What do you think of your new teachers (very nice and patient)
3. How many clubs have you joined this year (two clubs)
4. How well does Rita play the violin We need a new …(quite well)
5. What did you adviser say about the advanced literature course
( too difffidult but very interesting)
I’ll finish my homework pretty soon.
My new teachers are very nice and patient.
I have joined two clubs this year.
Rita plays the violin quite well.
My adviser said the advanced literature course was too difffidult but very interesting.
Cheerleader Try-out
I’ve always wanted to be a cheerleader. Yesterday, I tried out for the team. It was hard. First, we had to dance. The teacher showed us how to move, and then we tried. Second, we practiced singing a song about the school basketball team. Finally, some girls had to lift their partners. The other girls jumped and cheered. I think I did well, but the other girls were better. I’m not sure if I’ll make the team or not.
3. Joyce has just written a draft. Help her improve it by using noun/adjective/adverb phrases to add more information.
school’s cheerleading
high school
really
time and time again
very patiently
many times
an inspiring
excellent
very loudly
quite
much
指出下列句子中加黑副词短语在句中所作的句子成分
① He ran very quickly yesterday.
修饰ran 作状语
② I am much too pleased to see you.
修饰pleased 作状语
③ She plays well enough as a beginner.
修饰plays 作状语
④ He worked much more carefully on the new design.
修饰carefully 作状语
即学即练
短语类型 组成 功能
名词短语 ( NP ) （限定词）+（形容词 / 形容词短语 / 描述性名词）+ 名词 +（介词短语） 在句中相当于名词，一般用作主语、宾语、表语或宾语补语
形容词短语 (AdjP) （副词）+ 形容词 +（介词短语） 形容词+and/but+形容词 在句中当作形容词用，可以修饰名词或代词，还可以用作表语或宾语补足语
副词短语 (AdvP) （副词）+ 副词 副词+and/but+副词 在句中当作副词用，可以修饰动词、形容词或副词
写出下列句中加黑部分所作的句子成分及类型
1. I thought Susan nice and friendly the first time I met her.
形容词短语作宾语补足语
2. My favourite hobbies are reading books and newspapers.
名词短语作主语
3. Let's do sports together and enjoy a healthy life！名词短语作宾语
4. Very surprisingly, he refused our offer. 副词短语作状语
5. He looked very worried. 形容词短语作表语
即学即练
Thanks

展开更多......

收起↑