资源简介

UNIT 2　SectionⅠ
夯基提能
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Thinking of the wolf's bloody mouth, Mac was nearly scared to death.
2．Only when you are in good health can you carry on studying.
3．The principle captured our attention and helped carry us through diversity.
4．Kids who have happy character tend to be (be) less passive and less addicted to drinking or smoking.
5．The research, published (publish) online, reflected that after one year of musical training, children did better in a memory test.
6． In principle, the new software makes our work easier.
7．The majority of land has been destroyed (destroy) by the flood so far but courage and confidence will help the villagers carry themselves through.
8．The salesman made no response to our complaints about the firecrackers.
9．After being appointed as manager of the company, Tom spared no effort to improve commercial profits.
10．The best way to travel (travel) is to take a high-speed train.
Ⅱ.翻译句子
1．上周我弟弟被任命为学生会主席。(appoint)
Last week my brother was appointed to be/as chairman of the Student Union.
2．他总是第一个帮助有困难的人解决他们的困境。(序数词＋名词＋to do；assist)
He is always the first one to assist those in trouble to solve their dilemmas.
3．他耐心地回答其他人的问题，并且不遗余力地为老师提供许多实用的建议。(respond to，a great deal of)
He responds to others' questions patiently and spares no effort to provide a great deal of practical advice for teachers.
4．他不害怕面对各种困难。(be scared to do...)
He is not scared to face various hardships.
5．所以我相信没人比他更有资格当主席了。(“否定词＋比较级”表最高级)
So I believe nobody can be a more qualified chairman than him.
Ⅲ.阅读理解
A
“Becoming Jane”
Through September 7
National Geographic Museum
Jane Goodall began observing chimpanzees in 1960 at Gombe Stream Game Reserve in what is now Tanzania, but her first study of animal behavior took place some 20 years earlier, when she, at 5 years old, spent several hours in a hen house, waiting to see how a hen laid an egg.
That curiosity helped drive Goodall to become one of the most famous scientists of the 20th century.Her evolution from an innocent child to a “global icon (偶像)” is documented in “Becoming Jane”， an exhibit in Washington, D．C.through September 7.After that, it heads to the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County.
“Becoming Jane” is technology-heavy.Interactive digital displays, 3-D experiences and a hologram (全息图)-like appearance by Goodall herself will draw the attention of both adults and youngsters.For those who have followed Goodall's career closely, the real treat is seeing her birthday gifts and books from her childhood, field notes, Ph.D.papers and other personal belongings and photos.
Visitors will follow the path of her childhood dream gradually coming true, then the course of her field study about chimpanzees in African wild forests, with remarkable achievements, and finally her recent life as an Animal Rights activist.
PRICE　$ 15
WHEN　November 22～September 7
LOCATION　1145 17th Street NW Washington, D．C.20036
语篇导读：本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了Jane Goodall的经历以及在华盛顿特区举办的“Becoming Jane”主题展览的内容、特色和时间地点等。
1．Where is “Becoming Jane” held before September 7？
A．In Tanzania.
B．In Washington，D.C.
C．In Los Angeles County.
D．In Jane's hometown.
解析：B　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Her evolution from...documented in ‘Becoming Jane’，an exhibit in Washington，D.C.through September 7.”可知，9月7日前，展览在华盛顿特区举办。故选B。
2．What may attract Jane Goodall's followers most？
A．Treats for children.
B．Free books by Jane.
C．Jane's personal items.
D．The applied technology.
解析：C　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“For those who have followed Goodall's career closely，the real treat is...other personal belongings and photos.”可知，对那些追随Goodall的事业的人来说，真正的乐事是看到她小时候的生日礼物和书籍、野外记录、博士论文以及其他个人财物和相片。因此最吸引Jane Goodall的追随者的是她的私人物品。故选C。
3．What type of writing is this text？
A．A story.
B．An advertisement.
C．An official report.
D．A celebrity profile.
解析：B　推理判断题。文章首段简单介绍了Jane Goodall的经历，然后引出在华盛顿特区举办的“Becoming Jane”主题展览，且文章最后给出了票价、举办时间和地点等信息，符合广告的文体特点。故选B。
B
About 15 years ago，when my children were still in elementary school, I was very active in the Parent Teacher Association.At one of the monthly meetings the topic of discussion was the new curriculum (课程) that the state of Michigan was presenting.Many concerns were voiced at that meeting, and one of them was my own.My concern was that the children were being taught things that were once taught at a much later age.
Let's face it: children today have to learn and adapt to (适应) a more technological society, one where if you're not a peak performer you're just not well received.Some say that the children of today have it so much easier than 10-20 years ago.They're given so much more, not having to work for their toys and little extras.They sit all day long in front of a computer playing games...How hard can that be
I, for one, think that today's children are missing out on so many wonderful experiences because of technology.What type of people skills are they learning They can type faster than any other generation before them, but they can't pick up the phone and have a really deep conversation.
There is an elementary school not far behind my home and I used to see children on the playground every day.Weekdays and weekends, there would be children playing, shouting with joy.But now I don't see many children there after school, nor on the weekend.Has the playground gone from our children's life
I know many teachers, some of whom are my friends, may throw a shoe at me when I say play doesn't always need to have a purpose and it doesn't always have to have a teaching module included.To compete in today's world, the children have to be experts at multitasking (多任务处理), and on top of their game at all times.I, for one, think this is a shame.
语篇导读：本文是一篇议论文。现在的孩子生活富足，却缺少适当的体育锻炼和玩耍；沉迷于科技，却缺少跟人交流的能力。作者通过本文呼吁：还孩子真正的童年。
4．Why was the author concerned？
A．The children didn't learn much at school.
B．The parents’ opinions were not valued by schools.
C．The new curriculum was too advanced for the children.
D．The children were not interested in the new curriculum.
解析：C　细节理解题。由第一段末句“My concern was that...at a much later age.”可知，学校新引进的课程超出了孩子的水平，这是作者感到担忧的原因。故选C。
5．What should children learn according to the author？
A．How to adapt to a technological society.
B．How to communicate with others.
C．How to work for toys and extras.
D．How to make a telephone call.
解析：B　细节理解题。由第三段第二句至末尾“What type of people skills are they learning？...but they can't pick up the phone and have a really deep conversation.”可知，当今的孩子沉湎于科技，缺乏跟人深入交流的能力。故选B。
6．Which of the following would the author agree with？
A．Children's play should be well designed.
B．Play and learning should go hand in hand.
C．The multitasking ability is more important than play.
D．Children should be allowed to play purposelessly.
解析：D　推理判断题。分析最后一段可知，作者认为孩子应该多进行没有目的性地玩耍。故选D。
7．What does the underlined part “throw a shoe at” mean in the last paragraph？
A．Disagree with. B．Laugh at.
C．Support. D．Hit.
解析：A　词义猜测题。由画线部分之后的内容可知，在学校里玩耍都是跟教学任务联系在一起的，所以作者提出孩子应该进行没有目的性地玩耍，很多老师一定会“不赞成”这个观点。故选A。
Ⅳ.七选五
As we “happen to be” the best creature in the world, it's our duty to look after other species.Here are some points which might help to protect wildlife.
Join organisations like Greenpeace and World Wildlife Fund.They have devoted themselves to protecting the earth and its animals.Many volunteers join organisations like these and work for the environment. 1.　　
2.　　 Don't buy anything made from ivory(象牙) or things like this.Baby seals(海豹) are hunted for their skin, as it is used to make expensive coats.Don't buy them.
3.　　 You can write a heartfelt and logical letter to the government, stating your ideas about this problem and how it can be solved.
Recycle and reuse.It will reduce the need to have more raw materials to produce something. 4.　　 And wild animals’ home will not be destroyed.
Governments should create more safe zones and national parks for wild animals. 5.　　 Governments should apply strict laws to stop hunting.
I hope you find this post helpful.Share your views about this issue and let your voice be heard.
A．Let your voice be heard.
B．Stop hunting for pleasure.
C．As a result, fewer trees will be cut down.
D．You can build a bird house and feed local birds.
E．Refuse fur coats and medicines made from rare animals.
F．You can find some organisations like these and join them.
G．There they will be able to move freely without worrying about hunters.
语篇导读：本文是一篇说明文。因为人类是世界上最高级的生物，所以我们有责任去照顾其他物种。文章介绍了一些可能有助于保护野生动物的方法。
解析：
1．F　由空格前面的句子“Many volunteers join organisations like these and work for the environment.”可知，很多志愿者都加入这样的组织，为环境服务，F项是说你也可以找到一些像这样的组织并且加入进去，符合语境。故选F。
2．E　由后文中的“Baby seals(海豹) are hunted for their skin，as it is used to make expensive coats.”可知，人们猎杀海豹，用它们的皮制作昂贵的大衣。E项是说拒绝购买皮毛大衣和用稀有动物制成的药，符合本段主旨。故选E。
3．A　由空格后面的句子可知，作者建议我们写一封真诚而富有逻辑的信给政府部门，表达我们对这个问题的观点，并提出如何解决这个问题的建议，也就是要说出我们的心声。故选A。
4．C　由空格前的内容可知，回收和循环利用将会减少生产产品时对原材料的需求。而这样做将会减少对木材的需求，而且野生动物们的家也不会被破坏。故选C。
5．G　由空格前面的句子“Governments should create more safe zones and national parks for wild animals.”可知，作者呼吁政府为野生动物建立更多的保护区和国家公园，G项是说在那里动物可以自由走动，不用担心被猎杀，符合语境。故选G。
Ⅴ.语法填空
The Sahara Desert is the world's 1.　　　　(large) hot desert, located in North Africa. 2.　　　　(it) area is about 3.5 million square miles. This 3.　　　　(make) it almost as large 4.　　　　 the United States of America.
The Sahara Desert is famous for many large sand dunes(沙丘), some of 5.　　　　 can reach more than 600 feet high.
The Sahara Desert has been largely dry and with little plant life more than 5,000 years. Before this time, it was far wetter. This allowed more plants 6.　　　　(live) across the desert. There is evidence that many types of river animals have lived in the Sahara Desert. These have been found 7.　　　　(main) in southeast Algeria.
The climate of the Sahara Desert has changed over several thousands of years. The area is smaller than it was during the last ice age. It was the end of the last ice age that brought a high level of rainfall to the Sahara. This was between 8000 8.　　　　 6000 BC. Since this time, the northern part of the Sahara has dried out. Though the southern Sahara still receives rain during rainy season, it is still 9.　　　　(little) than before.
Modern times have seen a few 10.　　　　(development) for the Sahara. One of these is that mines have been built to get the most from the natural resources (资源) within the area.
语篇导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了撒哈拉沙漠是位于北非的世界上最大的沙漠，并对相关情况进行了介绍。
解析：
1．largest　考查最高级。“the＋形容词最高级”表示“最……的”。故填largest。
2．Its　考查代词。空后为area，应用形容词性物主代词修饰名词，指代撒哈拉沙漠。故填Its。
3．makes　考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。This作主语，且文章时态为一般现在时，所以用第三人称单数。语义为主动形式。故填makes。
4．as　考查固定句型。固定句型as...as...“和……一样”。故填as。
5．which　考查定语从句。分析句子可知，该句是非限制性定语从句，先行词是large sand dunes，表物。some of which表“其中的一部分”。故填which。
6．to live　考查非谓语动词。allow sb. to do sth.“允许某人做某事”。故填to live。
7．mainly　考查副词。分析句子可知，此处应用副词修饰动词found。故填mainly。
8．and　考查连词。固定句型between...and...“在……到……之间”。故填and。
9．less　考查形容词的比较级。根据后文than可知，空处是进行比较，所以用比较级，little的比较级是less。故填less。
10．developments　考查名词复数。a few＋可数名词复数，意为“很多……”。development在此处指“发展事态，进展情况”，是可数名词。故填developments。
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)(共101张PPT)
UNIT 2　MORALS AND VIRTUES
●话题导读
[导语]本文介绍了Nicholas Winton的生平，向读者传递着他的国际主义精神和对社会的贡献，启发读者深入思考他的事迹和影响。
THE POWER of GOOD
“The British Schindler”： the life of Nicholas Winton
It is August 1939, and a group of frightened children are boarding a train at Prague's Wilson Station.Their heartbroken parents do not join them.Indeed, they fear they may never see their children again.But they know that their children will live.These are among the 669 children, most of them Jewish, that Nicholas Winton will go on to save from death at the hands of the Nazis.
Nicholas Winton was born on 19 May 1909 in London, to German-Jewish parents.The family later took British nationality.On leaving school, Winton worked in banks in Germany and France.He returned to Britain in 1931, where he worked in business.
In December 1938, a friend asked Winton to come to Prague to aid people who were escaping from the Nazis.In Prague, Winton saw people living in terrible conditions and whose lives were in danger.He decided to help transport children to safety in Britain.He established an office to keep records of the children, and then returned to Britain to find temporary homes for them.He used donated funds and his own money to pay the 50 pounds per child that the British government required.By August 1939, Winton had saved 669 children.
?[高频词汇] [佳句背诵]
●阅读理解
1．Why did Nicholas Winton decide to aid the children
His sympathy for the children's fate.
2．Why did the children board a train at Prague's Wilson Station without their parents
They were Jewish, under the control of the Nazis, and Nicholas saved them.
[高频词汇]
1．nationality n．国籍
2．aid vt.帮助　n．帮助，援助
3．establish vt.建立
4．temporary adj.短期的，短暂的；临时的
5．donated adj.捐赠的，捐献的
[佳句背诵]
Winton saw people living in terrible conditions and whose lives were in danger.(living...conditions作saw的宾语补足语，whose引导的是定语从句，先行词是people)
温顿看到人们生活在恶劣的环境中，他们的生命处于危险之中。
Section Ⅰ　Listening and Speaking，Reading and Thinking
自主预习
词汇记忆
1．________n.高尚的道德；美德；优秀品质
2．__________adj.珍稀的；宝贵的
3．_________vt.委托；交付
4．______vt.聘任；雇用；租用　n．租借；租用
5．_________adj.遥远的
6．________n.十年；十年期
7．_________adj.被动的；顺从的
virtue
precious
entrust
hire
faraway
decade
passive
8．__________n.事故；车祸；失事
9．_________vi.& vt.悄声说；耳语；低语　n．耳语(声)；低语(声)；传言；谣传
10．__________n.子夜；午夜
11．________n.进口；进口商品　vt.进口；输入；引进
12．________n.出口；出口商品　vt.出口；输出；传播
13．______vt.& vi.咬；叮；蜇　n．咬；(咬下的)一口；咬伤
accident
whisper
midnight
import
export
bite
词汇拓展
1．illustrate vt.(举例)说明；阐明；给(书或文章)加插图→_________
n.插图，图解；示例→_____________n.(书等的)插图画家
2．marriage n．结婚；婚姻→_______vt.结婚；嫁；娶→_________adj.结婚的；已婚的
3．majority n．大部分；大多数→_______adj.主要的 vi.主修 n．主修课程
illustration
illustrator
marry
married
major
4．complain vi.& vt.抱怨；发牢骚→___________n.抱怨；投诉；不满的缘由
5．respond vt.回答；回复　vi.做出反应；回应→__________n.反应；回答；回复
6．scholarship n．奖学金→_________n.学者；奖学金获得者
7．physician n．医师；(尤指)内科医生→__________adj.身体的；肉体的→_____________adv.肉体上；身体上→_________n.物理学
8．reject vt.拒绝接受；不录用→___________n.拒绝接受；否决
complaint
response
scholar
physical
physically
physics
rejection
9．appoint vt.任命；委派→_____________n.约会；约定；任命→___________adj.约定的；指定的
10．elect vt.选举；推选→__________n.选举；推选；当选
11．tend vt.照顾；照料 vi.倾向；趋于→__________n.趋势；趋向
12．publish vt.发表(作品)；出版→___________n.出版者；出版商
13．retire vi.& vt.退休；退职；退出→________n.退休→_______adj.退休的
14．scare vt.惊吓；使害怕　vi.受惊吓→________adj.害怕的；对……感到惊慌或恐惧的→_______adj.吓人的；恐怖的
appointment
appointed
election
tendency
publisher
retirement
retired
scared
scary
15．sharp adj.(增长、下跌等)急剧的；锋利的；明显的→__________v.(使)变锋利；(使)改善，提高→__________adv.急剧地；猛烈地
16．insurance n．保险；保险业→_________vt.投保；为……提供保险
17．energetic adj.精力充沛的；充满活力的→_________n.精力；活力→________________adv.精力充沛地
18．replace vt.接替；取代；更换→______________n.更换；更替
sharpen
sharply
insure
energy
energetically
replacement
19．operation n．手术；企业；经营→__________vt.& vi.动手术；操作；使运行→___________n.操作员；经营者
20．assist vt.帮助；援助→____________n.助理；助手→_____________n.帮助；援助
21．memory n．记忆力；回忆→___________vt.记住；熟记→____________adj.值得纪念的；难忘的
operate
operator
assistant
assistance
memorize
memorable
词块识记
1．____________________ 窥见……的内心世界
2．___________________ 帮助某人渡过难关
3．___________ 学费
4．______________ 宁愿做
5．______________从……毕业
6．__________需要
a look into the heart of
carry sb. through sth.
tuition fees
would rather do
graduate from
in need of
7．___________有时；偶尔
8．_____________ 发挥主要作用
9．______________ 易于做某事；往往会发生某事
10．___________关心；照顾
11．________________ 对……负责
12．___________ 把……视为……
13．_____________ 作为……而出名
14．______________ 在某人的一生中
15．___________ 弥留之际
at times
play a key role
tend to do sth.
care for
be responsible for
treat...as...
be known as...
in one's lifetime
be/lie dying
16．________急救
17．__________去世
18．____________作为对……的纪念
19．______________________在某人耳边低语某事
first aid
pass away
in memory of
whisper sth. into one's ear
句型感知
1．对一个人来说，没有什么比他们的生命更加珍贵了，……
To a person ___________________________________________，...
2．她回答：“我宁愿一辈子不嫁人，也要学医！”
She responded, “________________________________________！”
nothing is more precious than their life
I'd rather stay single to study all my life
3．1941年，林医生成为北京协和医学院妇产科的首位中国籍女主任，但是仅仅数月之后，妇产科就因为战争而关闭。
In 1941, Dr Lin became the first Chinese woman ever _______________
director of the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital, but just a few months later, the department was closed __________________.
to be appointed
because of the war
4．虽然林巧稚终身未婚，但是她被称为“万婴之母”，她一生中亲手接生的婴儿有五万多名。
Though Lin Qiaozhi never married，she _______________ the “mother of ten thousand babies”， _________________________________________
_______ .
was known as
having delivered over 50,000 babies in her
lifetime
课文预读
一、Reading for the main idea
Match the main idea with each paragraph.
Para.1　A．What Dr Lin achieved and did for patients during the war.
Para.2 B．A key role Dr Lin played in the new People's Republic of China.
Para.3 C．Dr Lin Qiaozhi's philosophy of life.
Para.4 D．Dr Lin's ambition as a young girl.
Para.5 E．Dr Lin' lifelong selfless devotion to medical work.
Para.6 F．The education and work experiences of Dr Lin's earlier years.
答案：Paras. 1～6 CDFABE
二、Reading for the details
1．How is the passage developed？____
A．By following time order.
B．By following space order.
C．By comparing facts.
D．By listing numbers.
A
2．Why did Lin reject her American colleagues' offer？____
A．She wanted to further her study in Europe.
B．She wanted to be a chief resident physician.
C．She wanted to work for her motherland.
D．She wanted to be paid more at home.
C
3．What did Lin Qiaozhi do after the OB-GYN department was closed？____
A．She went to work in another hospital.
B．She began to work for the government.
C．She requested to hold an important position.
D．She started her own clinic.
D
4．What can we infer from the text？____
A．Lin is the most devoted doctor in China.
B．Lin still worked hard after retirement.
C．Lin thought of others all her life.
D．Lin was more interested in political affairs.
C
5．What is the purpose of the text？____
A．To prove a point.
B．To describe a job.
C．To introduce a person.
D．To provide an idea.
C
要点探究
1.carry sb. through sth.帮助某人渡过难关
●核心词汇
These words of Dr Lin Qiaozhi give us a look into the heart of this amazing woman，and what carried her through a life of hard choices.(P16)
林巧稚医生这一席话使我们得以窥见这位非凡女性的内心世界，并了解是什么支撑她度过充满艰难抉择的一生。
Their faith, together with the courage, carried them through.
他们的信念和勇气帮助他们渡过了难关。
It was a tough job but the young man carried it through.
这是一项艰巨的工作，但这个年轻人顺利地完成了。
Why not study at medical college like Lin Qiaozhi and carry on her good cause
为什么不像林巧稚一样在医学院学习并继续她的崇高事业呢？
carry through 完成；进行到底
carry out 履行；实施；落实
carry on 开展；维持；继续
carry forward 继承；弘扬
单句语法填空
①We should carry ______ the plan strictly and carefully.
②We hope that more artists will carry __________ and develop the folk art.
③I am grateful to my friends for their generous help.It is they who carried me __________ when I was in trouble.
out
forward
through
④我希望学好英语，并能流利地和外国人对话。
I hope that I can have a good command of English and carry on conversations with foreigners fluently.
2.majority n．大部分；大多数　major adj.主要的 vi.主修 n．主修课程　minority n．少数；少部分
At age 18，instead of following the traditional path of marriage like the majority of girls，she chose to study medicine.(P16)
十八岁时，她没有像大多数的女孩那样走上婚姻这一传统道路，而是选择了学医。
(2024·新课标全国Ⅱ卷)Minimize impact and maximize experience by skipping major holidays or rush hour.
通过跳过重大节假日或高峰时间来最小化影响并最大化体验。
(2024·浙江1月卷)One of the major headaches for her was finding her way in the huge school building.
对她来说最头疼的事情之一就是在那栋巨大的教学楼里找路。
(2023·全国甲卷)Apart from the knowledge and skills related to my major, I'm really good with computers.
除了专业相关的知识和技能外，我还很擅长电脑。
(2020·新课标全国Ⅰ卷)However, the majority of people are effective speakers because they train to be.
然而，大多数人之所以能成为有效的演讲者，是因为他们受过训练。
(1)the/a majority of...大多数的……
in the/a majority占大多数
the/a minority of...少数的……
in the/a minority占少数
(2)major in主修；专攻
单句语法填空
①I believe that students supporting me are _____ the majority.
②The majority of doctors __________(believe) that smoking is harmful to health.
③The ___________(major) of people interviewed prefer TV to radio.
④The majority of water _______________(pollute)．
in
believe
majority
was polluted
完成句子
⑤虽然你在旅行中遇到的大多数人肯定是友好和热情的，但也有危险。
While ______________________________ when travelling are sure to be friendly and welcoming, there are dangers.
the majority of people you will meet
3.complain vi.& vt.抱怨；发牢骚；投诉　complaint n．投诉；抱怨；控告
“Why should girls learn so much Finding a good husband should be their final goal！” her brother complained，thinking of the high tuition fees.(P16)
“女孩子读那么多书干嘛？找个好丈夫才是她们的归宿！”她的兄弟一想到高昂的学费就这么抱怨。
(2024·浙江1月卷)The chief complaint about online courses is that they lack human interaction.
对在线课程的主要抱怨是它们缺乏人与人之间的互动。
(2020·江苏卷)Some people—and I was one of them—believe that humorous complaints about the little problems of life make humor，and sometimes that is the case.
有些人——我也是其中之一——认为对于生活中的小问题，幽默的抱怨会产生幽默，有时确实如此。
The majority of the staff complained to him about the horrible working conditions.
大多数员工向他抱怨这糟糕的工作条件。
(1)complain to sb.向某人抱怨/投诉
complain about/of sth.抱怨某事
(2)make a complaint about...抱怨/投诉……
单句语法填空
①Don't complain ___________ your life.You should be thankful for what you have.
②Why don't you make a ____________(complain) about your noisy neighbours
翻译句子
③她承担了家里所有的家务，但她从不抱怨。
She takes up all the housework, but she never complains.
about/of
complaint
4.respond vt.回答；回复　vi.做出反应；回应　response n．回应，反应
She responded, “I'd rather stay single to study all my life！” (P16)
她回答：“我宁愿一辈子不嫁人，也要学医！”
(2024·新课标全国Ⅰ卷)These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens (标本), and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change, I wanted to know: Are they usable
这些观察结果现在超过了来自物理标本的原始数据，而且由于我们越来越多地使用观察数据来研究物种如何应对全球变化，我想知道：它们有用吗？
(2022·全国乙卷)How did some drinks companies respond to the sugar tax
一些饮料公司是如何对糖税做出回应的？
My mother opened the door in response to the knock, but there was no one outside.
听到敲门声后，我妈妈打开了门，但外面一个人都没有。
(1)respond to对……做出反应/答复
respond that...回答/答复……
(2)make a/no response (to...)(对…)做出回应/不予回答
in response to为了回应；对……的答复
单句语法填空
①I would be grateful if you could respond _____ my question.
②She has received a ___________(respond) from that college to her application.
③My daughter laughed _____ response to my jokes.
to
response
in
翻译句子
④他眼里含着后悔的泪水回答道：“我再也不会那样做了，妈妈。”
“I will never do that again，mum，”he responded with tears of regret in his eyes.
5.appoint vt.委派；任命　appointment n．约会；约定；任命　appointed adj.约定的；指定的
In 1941, Dr Lin became the first Chinese woman ever to be appointed director of the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital...(P16)
1941年，林医生成为北京协和医学院妇产科的首位中国籍女主任……
(2024·全国甲卷) The government has struggled to come up with measures to address the problem, particularly in the poorer, rural areas east of the Volga River, including arranging doctor's appointments by video chat and expanding financial aid programs to motivate doctors to practice medicine in remote parts of the country like Krasnoyarsk.
政府一直在努力提出解决这一问题的措施，特别是在伏尔加河以东较贫穷的农村地区，包括通过视频聊天安排医生预约，扩大财政援助计划，激励医生到克拉斯诺亚尔斯克等偏远地区行医。
Appointed as headmaster of the school，he spared no effort to improve its teaching quality.
被任命为该校校长后，他努力提高学校的教学质量。
The boss appointed me to organize the activities on that day.
老板委派我去组织那天的活动。
(1)appoint sb. as/to be...任命某人为……
appoint sb. to do sth.委派某人做某事
(2)make/have an appointment with sb.与某人约会
keep/break an appointment 守约/失约
(3)at the appointed time 在约定的时间
He was appointed as manager and he said that he would invite his colleagues to dinner.They all believed that he wouldn't break his appointment and that he was sure to come at the appointed time.
他被任命为经理，他说要请同事们吃晚饭。他们相信他不会失约，一定会在约定的时间到。
单句语法填空
①I was appointed __________(take) charge of the activities whose goal is to introduce the Chinese culture of tea arts.
②If you want to meet him，you have to make an ___________(appoint) in advance.
③Everyone arrived at the school gate at the ____________(appoint) time.
to take
appointment
appointed
翻译句子
④他答应过我会参加我的生日派对，我确信他一定不会失约的。
He has promised that he will come to my birthday party.I am sure he will not break the appointment.
⑤我被任命为学生会主席。
I was appointed as chairman of Student Union.
6.tend vt.照顾；照料　vi.倾向；趋于　tendency n．趋势；趋向
She was more interested in tending patients, publishing medical research on care for women and children，and training the next generation of doctors.(P17)
她更感兴趣的是治病救人、发表妇幼护理医学研究成果、培养下一代医生。
(2024·全国甲卷)Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level, the national parks, in particular, tend to catch our attention because of their large size and variety.
尽管各级都有各种规模和类型的公园，但国家公园尤其吸引我们的注意，因为它们规模大，种类繁多。
(2024·北京卷) Hedgehog thinkers tend to answer yes.
拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人倾向于给出肯定的答案。
(1)tend to do sth.易于做某事；往往会发生某事
tend to/towards 趋向……；倾向……
tend (to) sb./sth.照顾……；护理……
(2)have a tendency to do sth.有做某事的倾向
单句语法填空
①He is absent from the meeting，for he _____________(tend) his sick father.
②With rising oil prices，there is an increasing ___________(tend) for people to ride bicycles to work.
翻译句子
③每当他参加重要的比赛时，他往往会有紧张的倾向。
Whenever he participates in an important competition，he tends to/has a tendency to be nervous.
is tending
tendency
7.scared adj.害怕的；对……感到惊慌或恐惧的　scare vt.惊吓；使害怕　vi.受惊吓　scary adj.令人害怕的；吓人的；恐怖的
She was so scared during the interview that she completely forgot how she should respond to the questions.(P17)
她在面试时吓得完全忘了该如何回答这些问题。
(2024·全国甲卷)For instance, almost all animals have distinct vocals (声音) that they rely on to either ask for help, scare away any dangerous animals or look for shelter.
例如，几乎所有的动物都有独特的声音，它们依靠这些声音来寻求帮助，吓跑危险的动物或寻找庇护。
(2023·新课标全国Ⅱ卷) Though some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new.
虽然有些人一开始害怕昆虫，对泥土感到厌烦，但大多数人都渴望尝试新的东西。
(1)be scared to do sth.害怕做某事
be scared of (doing) sth.害怕(做)某事
be/feel scared to death吓得要死
(2)scare sb. into/out of doing sth.恐吓某人做某事/吓得某人不敢做某事
scare...away/off把……吓跑
It scares sb. to do sth.做某事使某人害怕。
单句语法填空
①Almost every child is scared _____ something，from monsters to dogs.
②After watching a ________(scare) film in the cinema，she was scared _____ walking home alone and therefore, she called a taxi.
完成句子
③攀岩很有趣，但从一开始我就吓得要死。
Rock climbing was fun but I ______________________ from the start.
of
scary
of
was scared to death
8.replace vt.接替；取代；更换　replacement n．更换；更替
The student union will hold a special meeting in January to elect someone to replace the secretary.(P17)
学生会将在一月份举行一次特别的会议，选举一个人来接替秘书。
(2024·新课标全国Ⅱ卷)After harvest, users simply replace the plants with a new pre-seeded pod (容器) to get the next growth cycle started.
收获后，用户只需将植物替换为新的预播种容器，即可开始下一个生长周期。
(2024·浙江1月卷)The last one standing has just been turned into a “mini community library”： any passer-by can “borrow” a book from its shelves, and return it later, or replace it with another title from their own collection.
最后一个被改造成了一个“迷你社区图书馆”：任何路过的人都可以从它的书架上“借”书，以后还回来，或者用自己收藏的另一本书来替换。
(1)replace...with/by...用……替换……
replace...as...取代……而成为……
(2)take the place of＝take one's place代替；替代
in place of代替
单句语法填空
①______________(replace) is guaranteed if the products are not up to the standard.
②Personally，I think store shopping will exist along with online shopping and will never ______________(replace)．
完成句子
③这道食谱可以用牛奶代替奶油。
You can use milk in place of/instead of cream in this recipe.
Replacement
be replaced
9.whisper vi.& vt.悄声说；耳语；低语　n．耳语(声)；低语(声)；传言；谣传
I saw her whispering something into his ear，obviously not wanting to be heard.(P18)
我看到她在他耳边低语着什么，显然是不想被听见。
He whispered the message to David.
他悄声把消息告诉了戴维。
He whispered to me that he was afraid.
他低声对我说他害怕。
(1)whisper to sb.向某人低声说话
whisper about sth.低声说某事
whisper sth. to sb.悄悄告诉某人某事
whisper sth. in one's ear在某人耳边小声说某事
(2)in a whisper低声地；悄声说
I saw Jenny and Mary talking with each other in a whisper.Suddenly, Jenny leaned forward and whispered something in Mary's ear.I wanted to know what they whispered about.
我看到珍妮和玛丽在跟彼此低声说话。突然，珍妮身体前倾在玛丽耳边低声说了些什么。我想知道她们嘀咕了什么。
翻译句子
①女儿低声对我说她爱我。
My daughter whispered to me that she loved me.
②“太神奇了！”杰克小声地惊叹道。
“It's amazing！” Jack whispered in awe.
③彼得低声说着，眼泪默默地从脸上流下来。
Peter whispered, with tears silently rolling down his face.
10.assist vt.帮助；援助　assistance n．帮助；援助
assistant n．助手；助理　adj.助理的，副的
Despite the difficult situation, Dr Bethune did whatever he could to assist the Chinese people.(P18)
尽管情况很困难，白求恩大夫还是尽其所能地帮助中国人民。
(2024·全国甲卷)“I was very impressed by the doctors and their assistants working and living in such little space but still staying focused and very concerned, ” says Ducke.
“医生和他们的助手在这么小的空间里工作和生活，但仍然保持专注和非常关注，这给我留下了深刻的印象，”Ducke说。
(2024·新课标全国Ⅰ卷)“With the rise of technology it is easy for people to make observations of different species with the aid of a mobile application，” said Barnabas Daru, who is lead author of the study and assistant professor of biology in the Stanford School of Humanities and Sciences.
该研究的主要作者、斯坦福大学人文与科学学院生物学助理教授巴纳巴斯·达鲁说：“随着科技的兴起，人们借助移动应用程序很容易观察到不同的物种。”
(2024·浙江1月卷)So, I called Directory Assistance, got put through to our landlady's managing agent, and had a spare key sent to me with just enough time to get back in before the actors arrived.
所以，我打电话给电话查号台，接通了女房东的经纪人，他们给了我一把备用钥匙，刚好来得及在演员们到来之前回去。
(1)assist sb. to do/in doing sth.帮助某人做某事
assist sb. in/with sth.在某方面帮助某人
(2)with the assistance of...在……的帮助下
come /go to one's assistance 来/去援助某人
单句语法填空
①In the future，we will have handy robots and computers to assist us __________ the things that are boring.
②I am grateful to my math teacher who always assists me __________ my study.
③He found a way to assist the child ____________(return) to school.
④The doctor shares his phone number with the patients in case they need medical _____________(assist)．
in/with
in/with
to return
assistance
1.To a person nothing is more precious than their life，...(P16)
对一个人来说，没有什么比他们的生命更加珍贵了，……
●重点句型
比较级与否定词连用，表示最高级意义。
How beautifully she sings! I have never heard a better voice.
她唱歌多么动听啊！这是我听过的最好听的声音了。
在班里他比其他任何学生学习都努力。
You can not be too careful when crossing the street.
你过马路时再怎么小心也不过分。
(1)否定词＋形容词/副词比较级(＋than)
(2)否定词＋so/as＋形容词/副词原级＋as
单句语法填空
①Life is precious.There is nothing _____________(important) than life.
②I have never heard a ______________(inspiring) speech than this one.
more important
more inspiring
完成句子
③这是一部既有趣又能增长知识的纪录片。我从没有看到过更好的了。
This is an entertaining and instructive documentary.I ________________
__________.
一句多译
④就我个人而言，我们日常生活中身体健康最重要。
In my view，______________________________ in our daily life.
→From my point of view, ________________________________in our daily life.
have never seen a
better one
health is the most important thing
nothing is more important than health
2.She immediately became the first woman ever to be hired as a resident physician in the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital.(P16)
她随即成为北京协和医院妇产科聘任的第一位女住院医师。
不定式短语作后置定语。
(2020·新课标全国Ⅰ卷)Jack was the first person to think of a good idea to help Bernard earn some extra money by making popcorn.
杰克是第一个想到好主意帮助伯纳德通过做爆米花赚一些额外钱的人。
To my great joy，the majority of my classmates have faith in my ability to organize the activity perfectly.
让我非常高兴的是，我的大多数同学都相信我有能力完美地组织这次活动。
(1)在the first，the second，the last，the next，the only等词和形容词最高级后，或在被这些词修饰的名词/代词后，常用不定式作定语。
(2)在time，way, reason, right(权力), chance, opportunity，ability，promise, attempt, decision, desire, failure, permission, refusal, tendency, honor, plan 等抽象名词或者something, anything, everything等不定代词后，常用不定式作定语。
单句语法填空
①He is always the first __________(come) to my assistance when I am in trouble.
②I do think he has the ability __________(help) us go through the tough time.
to come
to help
完成句子
③他是唯一知道真相的人。
He is the only man ____________________.
④我相信他有能力应对这项挑战。
I am convinced that he has the ability _______________ the challenge.
⑤我想利用这次机会感谢你们的慷慨相助。
I'd like to take the opportunity ___________________ your generous help.
to know the truth
to deal with
to thank you for
随堂达标
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．They are always ______________(抱怨) about their difficulties.
2．Don't underestimate (低估) him.After all, he won a ______________
(奖学金) to University of Cambridge.
3．Let me give another example to _____________(阐明) the challenges he is faced with.
4．If Peter keeps wasting his ___________(珍贵的) time like this, he will get in trouble.
complaining
scholarship
illustrate
precious
5．Many moms face the __________(两难处境) about whether they should go back to work or not.
6．To be frank, the five sisters have overcome great difficulty to get their happiness and ___________(婚姻)．
7．The ___________(大多数) of our class agreed with the monitor and decided to visit the Great Wall.
dilemma
marriage
majority
8．She had a ___________(倾向) to talk fast when she was nervous.
9．The outline of the trees ____________ (变得清晰)as it grew lighter.
10．She made no ___________(回应) in time, which made me very angry.
tendency
sharpened
response
Ⅱ.熟词生义/一词多义
1．写出加黑部分的汉语意思
(1)I think the moral of the story is to let the buyer beware._______
(2)A team of army doctors were tending the wounded._______
(3)In the first half，Jack broke his leg and had to retire._____________
寓意
照顾
(因伤)退出(比赛)
2．选出sharp的汉语意思
A．adj.急剧的　　　 B．adj.敏锐的
C．adj.锋利的 D．adj.急转的，陡的
(1)She studied the young man with her sharp bright eyes.____
(2)Recently there has been a sharp decline in interest in gardening throughout the town.____
(3)After a sharp turn in the path they are suddenly approaching a faint square of light.____
(4)She had her finger cut by a sharp knife by accident while she was peeling apples.____
B
A
D
C
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
根据课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Known as the “mother of ten thousand babies”， Lin Qiaozhi, a resident physician in the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital, _____________
(deliver) over 50,000 babies in her career，though she didn't marry or have any children.
1.delivered　
When she was five years old, her mother's death affected her _________
(deep)．At the age of 18, she chose to study medicine instead of getting married like the majority of _________(girl)．After graduating from Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), she became the first woman ____________
(hire) as a resident physician in the PUMC Hospital._______________(work) for a few years, she went abroad for ___________(far) education.Although she had the chance to work abroad, she returned to China.In 1941, she became the first Chinese woman as director of the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital.A few months later, ________ the war broke out, the department
2.deeply
3.girls　
4.to be hired　
5.Having worked
6.further
7.when　
was closed.Thinking of all the people ______ need of help, Dr Lin set up a private clinic where she lowered the fees for poor patients.Sometimes she was even seen riding a donkey to faraway villages to provide medical care.
After the founding of the new People's Republic of China, Lin Qiaozhi _________________(appoint) to many important positions, but she was interested in caring for patients and doing medical research.After she passed away, Dr Lin left her savings to a kindergarten and ______ fund for new doctors.
8.in　
9.was appointed
10.a　

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