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专题14 首字母填空
题型解读｜模板构建｜真题试炼
种题型难度相对较大,考生失分现象比较严重。考生要仔细阅读全文,利用上下文提供的有关信息,仔细阅读相关句子,判断所缺单词在句中所作的成分,这样才能写出正确答案。要做好此类题目,考生不但要有较强的语感,善于体会上下文的内在联系,而且还要有扎实的语言知识储备和较大的词汇量。
解题步骤
1. 跳过空格，通读短文，了解大意。
2. 复读短文，确定语义，判断句子成分。
3.判断空格单词在句子成分里的词性，缩小范围。
4.联系上下文，找关键信息推测出答案。
5.通读短文，检查答案。注意时态，语法，以及词性等问题。
一个句子一般由两部分构成，即主语部分和谓语部分，这两部分也叫做句子的主要成分。句子的次要成分包括宾语，定语，状语，表语、同位语、补语等。
1.对主语的判断：做主语词性主要为：名词，代词，动名词。注意名词单复数。
1.B　　　　　 is the color of the sky on a sunny day.
2.Tony’s family was preparing dinner when Amy arrived. The family was cooking vegetables with hot oil.
The k was filled with many good smells.
2.对谓语的判断：做谓语词性主要为：动词。注意时态的问题。
时态:
一般现在时：要考虑动词的三单形式
一般过去时：要考虑动词的过去式
现在进行时：考虑动词的现在分词形式
现在完成时：要考虑动词的过去分词的形式
1．He h his head in shame after being caught cheating on the exam.
2．Small restaurants can s many people every day, because customers don’t stay very long.
3．On the eve of the festival, many lanterns are h in the streets.
4．When you c the street, you must be careful. The traffic is busy.
5．Mark is so tired that he has f asleep already.
3.对宾语的判断:做宾语词性主要为：主要为名词，代词，动名词。
1．—Would you mind p me the sugar instead of the salt
—Surely, here you are.
2．The boss promised to d our pay next month, so we can make more money.
3．Remember to h the milk before drinking. It’s good for your stomach.
4.对表语的判断:做表语词性主要为：形容词，名词, 介词短语。如果是动词的适当形式作表语，动词必须改成 to do ,doing 或 done 的形式。注意形容词比较级和最高级。
1．The teacher reads every student’s name to check who is a .
2．The star is so t that we can hardly see it with our eyes.
3．The letters are so t that I can’t see them clearly.
4．In the future, doctors can better understand p illnesses by looking at 3-D images of the human body.
5.对定语的判断:做定语词性主要为：形容词，序数词，介词短语。如果是动词的适当形式作定语，动词必须改成 to do ,doing 或 done 的形式。注意形容词比较级和最高级。
1．Dr. Ma was very proud to help so many b people to see again.
2．You should do more p exercise, or you’ll be much fatter.
3．After I finished the primary school in my home town, I went to a s school in Jinan.
4．In many countries, it is often not polite to ask very d questions when you meet someone for the first time.
6.对状语的判断:做状语词性主要为：副词，介词。如果是动词的适当形式作状语，动词必须改成 to do ,doing 或 done 的形式。
1．—Nowadays, people s pay cash (现金).
—Yes. They usually use their phones. It’s more convenient.
2．I didn’t know what to buy for Jane as her birthday gift until I saw what e I was looking for in a shop—a nice cake with her favorite Elsa on it!
3．He said in surprise, “It was e what I needed. You know me so well.”
7.对连词的判断:并列连词and, but, or, so , not only…but also, either …or, neither…nor, as well as, both…and等连接并列的词,词组和句子; 从属连词although/though /because/ if/unless/when/until/after/before/as/...等连接从句。因此，首字母中一个句子中有从句的话，就考虑从属连词。
1．The expressions we use might depend on w we are speaking to.
2．Could you please tell me with w you are discussing
二．其他做题思路：
1. 依据习惯用法与固定搭配进行填词：
W his help, the old man was safe. The boy thanked him very much.
2.依据语法知识进行填词：
It was a l earlier.
3.依据常识的积累进行填词：
But it was too late. His friend was very angry. Mr. White said nothing but only one word “S .” Mr.
4.依据逻辑推理与句意理解进行填词：
One Sunday afternoon, Mr. White drove his new car to his friend’s house happily. He wanted to p his friend up at five and then went to see a new movie together.
解题技巧
1.理清文章脉络
　　首字母填空有种“另类完形填空”的感觉。所以在解题技巧上两者有共通之处,先要通读整篇
文章,了解文章主要描述了什么,要表达什么意思,在弄清楚了文章大意和中心思想后,在答题时就能
够大致划定单词的范围。在通读文章的过程中,对于容易确定的答案可先填上。
例1 Here are some t　　 to help improve children's working memory.
2.找出提示词
　　解题时注意段落的首句和尾句,这两个地方会提供不少解题信息。有的短文只有一段,这时要仔细推敲设空处的上下文,找到关键词句,抓住关键信息,可按照文章段落句子的意思,猜测每个空逻辑上符合的词义,并根据首字母的提示,进一步缩小单词可选范围,最终确定答案。
例2 Eating vegetables does not make us f because they are low in calories.
例3 Yangzhou China Grand Canal Museum is different from all the other m which are themed on the Grand Canal in China. Why not come and visit it yourself
3.确定适当形式
仅仅确定了单词可能还不是最终答案,要根据文章实际情况,变换词形。确定了填写某个单词之后,要考虑语法是否正确,是否符合句式结构,能否使得文章变通顺。
动词的填写,要判断所在段落句子的时态,根据不同的情况,动词有原形、过去式、第三人称单数、过去分词等几种形式;名词的填写,要考虑是否可数、名词单复数的变化;形容词的填写,要考虑是否要用比较级或最高级等。这些都是要在最终确定答案前要考虑到的。
例4 This is not because they are the most nutritious, but because they are the (71)e to grow.
例5 The 25.7-meter-long, 8-meter-high ancient Bian River section is c by many as the “treasure of the museum”.
1.（2024·天津·中考真题）根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。每空限填一词。
Long ago, the early people did not live in houses as we do today. Most of the homes were in caves or shelters (遮蔽物) which were built in trees. These ‘homes’ were only used as temporary (临时的) shelters to p 1 them from the sun, the rain and the wild animals in the forests. Men of that time were called ‘cave people’.
These ‘cave people’ usually lived in small groups and life was not e 2 for them. They had to move from place to place to s 3 for food. They would hunt, fish or pick wild fruit. When they couldn’t find a 4 to eat, they would leave to find another proper place. Their tools were very simple. They ate raw (生的) food u 5 they learnt how to make a fire. For clothing, they used only the bark (树皮) of trees or the skins (皮) of animals to c 6 their bodies.
However, the lives of the ‘cave people’ changed. They collected the seeds (种子) of wild plants that g 7 in the forests. Soon they learnt to plant fruit, vegetables and other crops. They also kept cows, sheep and other kinds of farm a 8 for milk, meat and skins. They became f 9 and lived in only one certain area. Their groups became l 10 than before as they lived more settled (固定的) lives. They built houses as long-lasting homes, and as a result, villages and towns developed quickly. The ‘cave people’ began to be civilized (文明的).
2.（2024·江苏扬州·中考真题）根据短文内容和首字母提示，在下文空格处填入适当的词使短文完整。在答题卡标有题号的横线上，完整地写出空缺处各单词的正确形式。（每空一词）
Even though my grandfather was a farmer, my grandmother would iron his work clothes every day. Grandmother mixed up her own starch (淀粉浆) in a glass b 1 with a metal cap that had several holes. She sprinkled Grandfather’s jeans with the starch, hung them over a chair for a few minutes, and then i 2 them.
Because I watched her do this through my childhood, I thought every old woman did it. But as the years passed, I began to question this p 3 . Why did Grandfather need his work clothes ironed Most days, he never saw anyone b 4 me and maybe a few other farmers. The clothes became dirty in just a short time. Why did Grandmother s 5 devote time and effort to ironing Grandfather’s clothes that were rarely seen
One day when I was about 13, I asked Grandmother about it. She told me Grandfather was the most handsome man in the world. Later that day, I looked c 6 at Grandfather. He sure didn’t look so handsome to me. He was short and fat with false teeth (假牙). Later I told her my thought.
She gave me a girlish smile and said, “You just aren’t looking in the right light, Cathy. I remember when he had r 7 teeth. He has the most beautiful eyes I have ever seen. They are e 8 the same color as the sky just before the sun goes down. I want the world to see my h 9 as the most beautiful man. I want him to feel beautiful. I iron his clothes every day because for all these years, he has made me feel beautiful.”
The years went on, and I watched Grandmother and Grandfather grow old together. I was probably 30 when I u 10 what beauty really was. It was Grandmother ironing Grandfather’s jeans with starch from a glass bottle.
3.（2024·江苏盐城·中考真题）Do you have a friend with an interesting background Today, I’d like to tell you about a friend of m 1 with it. I’ll tell you a bit about her, such as where she’s from and why we’re good friends.
You know, I didn’t use to do s 2 . However, a couple of years ago, I j 3 a fitness club. There, I met Linda. After the exercise, we had coffee together and b 4 good friends soon. I think we have a lot in c 5 —we both like to keep fit and love trying different food. And we love the ocean; in summer, we like to play at the b 6 and go swimming there. Linda was b 7 in London, but has lived in China for ten years. So she can s 8 both Chinese and English. That’s something different about us. Another d 9 is her background—Linda has experience and knowledge of two cultures.
So, now you know a bit about my friend Linda. Although we might not always live in the same city in the f 10 , I think we’ll stay friends forever.
1.（2024·上海浦东新·一模）在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给。
Have you heard about periodic table (元素周期表) lately Well, there’s some big news about this special table. But first, remember that periodic table is u 1 to organize all the elements, or things that make up our world.
Elements are all around us. Iron is one of the commonest elements found within the earth. You probably know the element oxygen. It is the element that we b 2 in all the time. And elements can combine to make new things like H2O, namely hydrogen put together with oxygen, also known as water. Learning about this helps us b 3 understand the world we live in.
But have you ever noticed something missing in the periodic table There were already 114 elements, but the seventh row of the table was not f 4 until now. In December, scientists from IUPAC found the four elements that were missing. There are elements 113, 115, 117 and 118. “To scientists, this is of greater v 5 than an Olympic gold medal,” Ryoji Noyori, a noble honored chemist, told Guardian.
The new elements are heavy metals and were made in l 6 . This kind of elements can’t find in nature. Scientists are still looking for ways to use these elements and other elements in the eighth row in our daily lives.
Scientists have been working on this for ten years, but the work is not done. Now they will p 7 to look for “element 119 and beyond”. But for now, be careful when you read your chemistry books because the periodic table might be outdated.
2.（2025·上海浦东新·一模）Three months ago, I started a journey. It required neither a backpack nor a plane ticket. What I needed was a notebook and a pen. I decided to record every single day for 90 days, just through words on p 1 , not audio (音频) or video.
Now that I’ve finished this challenge. I’m here to share the ideas and feelings I’ve gained, hopefully encouraging you to try this useful tool.
1 I’m a listener to myself
Most of us spend a lot of time listening to others. But in that process, we often f 2 to hear the most important voice—our own.
For many people, life is so busy that they don’t have time to think. However, that was wrong. When I started writing, I felt s 3 to notice the deep thoughts and feelings in my mind. I never expected that I would have so much to say.
2 The past is not a prison
Through writing about my experiences, I found that I could see my past in a new light. Those experiences weren’t a cage; they were l 4 that taught me a lot. I learned to face life with an open mind from mistakes. I also became aware of the meaning of life through pains and difficulties. Recording helped me move on.
3 The f 5 is a canvas (画布)
Recording didn’t just make me a historian of my past; it also made me an architect of tomorrow. It is filled with ideas, goals, and hopes. I was able to plan and dream like never before. My record turned out to be a priceless tool for my p 6 growth and development, as it helped me plan my own life and prepare for it.
By recording, I saw my strengths, weaknesses, gains and losses. I saw all parts of myself—and I a 7 them all. I don’t need to be perfect. What really matters is that I am in progress.
3.（2025·上海黄浦·一模）在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其通顺。每空格限填一词，首字母已给。
Know Your Feelings
Take a moment to notice how your body feels right now. Is your breathing fast or slow Is your mind busy with thoughts, or focused on what you’re reading These are s 1 from your body and brain that show how you’re feeling.
Where do feelings come from
“Feelings start in our brains and exist in our bodies,” says Ekta Hattangady, a counselor who helps people with their problems through conversation. Hattangady e 2 how different emotions show up in our bodies. “When we’re happy or find something funny, we smile. When someone surprises us, our chest or throat might feel tight. When we’re scared, our breathing can become short,” she says.
Why do feelings m 3
Feelings are important because they give us clues about what we need. If you’re angry, it might mean something is unfair, and you need help to fix it. If you’re sad, it could mean you need comfort or time to feel b 4 . Understanding your feelings, called emotional awareness, is a key part of growing up. It helps you express what you’re feeling, which makes it easier to get the help you need to work through things.
Emotions are messengers
You might have seen the movie Inside Out 2. In it, the characters in Riley’s brain represent her c 5 emotions. Each one takes over as she faces big life events. We see joy, fear, and sadness appear when Riley starts high school and worries about losing her friends. Riley learns to understand that all feelings are normal and natural r 6 to different situations, and they all have an important role to play.
Try making it a habit to notice how you feel during the day or week. Hattangady says, “Feelings don’t last f 7 —they come and go. Learning to notice them without letting them control you helps us stay calm and make wise choices.”
4.（2025·上海闵行·一模）在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给出。
Snowboarding is an exciting outdoor activity and is becoming very popular among teenagers. Here, we find out how it can help you to become healthier and enjoy life more.
Taking up snowboarding is a great way to help you to be c 1 and brave—even if you don’t get it right the first time. That’s why snowboarding is a fantastic way to learn and develop a new interest. I met Kathy Champion, 15, on Mant Blanc, where she e 2 why snowboarding was good for teens.
Kathy started snowboarding at a young age. At only nine years old, she was already snowboarding with her dad in Scotland and she c 3 to love it to this day. “Being in the mountains for hours every day made me feel so good and alive,” she said. It helped her to understand how her body works because she learned skills to help her ride the snowboard p 4 also made her feel that she could do something very well. “Snowboarding taught me to believe in myself, even when I was worried about hurting myself.” Did she get hurt “Yes, sometimes, n 5 serious,” she says.
“But it didn’t make me stop. It made me want to succeed even more and get to the bottom of the mountain!”
In what other ways can snowboarding make you healthy and enjoy life more “It keeps you very fit, very positive, but it also helps you to make new friends,” Kathy says. She believes that doing an extreme sport also introduces you to a new and positive community. “You can get s 6 from people who understand what you’ re doing and are there to help you improve.” And she thinks the feel-good part of snowboarding can also help teenagers keep out of trouble. “Some people I know from school laugh at me when I tell them how great I feel after snowboarding. They think that hanging out on the street and doing stupid things is fun—I don’t see how!” So, what is Kathy’s a 7 to all teenagers “Get a snowboard, get healthy and enjoy life!”
5.（2025·天津南开·一模）根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。每空限填一词。
Qinling Station, China’s new station in Antarctica
In April, Chinese scientists returned from a “cool” trip to Antarctica (南极). They had a big job: They built China’s f 1 research station there called the Qinling Station. The scientists built it in only two months. They made many parts of it in China; and then t 2 them all the way to Antarctica. Once they got there, they put the parts together just like building with Lego bricks (乐高积木).
The Qinling Station can withstand (抵抗) t 3 as low as -60℃. It uses wind and solar energy because they are g 4 energy.
How big is the station
Its main building covers an area of 5,120 km , making it the largest single structure among China’s existing research stations. It can h 5 80 scientists in summer and 30 in winter. Scientists live in the side parts during summer. The labs are also there. The middle part is for working and eating m 6 . Scientists sleep in the bedrooms on the upper floor during winter.
How is it special
It was the first time China built a station near the Ross Sea. The sea is full of rare a 7 , such as killer whales (虎鲸), Adelie penguins (阿德利企鹅) and emperor penguins. There are also many volcanoes and big glaciers along the coast of the sea.
What are China’s five stations
B 8 the Qinling Station, China established four research bases in Antarctica over the past nearly 40 years—the Great Wall Station, the Zhongshan Station, the Kunlun Station and the Taishan Station. The Great Wall Station was the first to be built in February 1985.
The Qinling Station is near some mountains. These mountains d 9 Antarctica into two parts, just like the Qinling Mountains form a natural geographical boundary (界线) between northern and southern China.
Kunlun and Taishan are only open in summer. Qinling, Changcheng and Zhongshan are open all y 10 round.
6.（2025·天津河北·一模）根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。每空限填一词。
At about four pm on every school day, a group of elderly volunteers in red vests (马甲) are seen waiting at the gate of a primary school in a community in Ningbo. They are known as “shared grandmas”.
Yuan Peijun, 63, is the “grandma” who s 1 the heart-warming program in the community. In early 2019, Yuan started to help pick up a neighboring girl who was in the same kindergarten (幼儿园) as her grandson. The girl's parents were still busy with work when she finished school, so picking her up on time was d 2 for the young couple. When learning of the s 3 , Yuan offered a “small favor”. The favor still goes on today as b 4 kids now study in the same primary school.
Yuan's action has i 5 more elderly women. In September 2019, a formal program was started in the community. Now, the volunteer team has 58 “grandmas”, mostly in their 60s and 70s. They help working parents pick up their children and help them with their homework u 6 their parents take over.
In the community, about 1,200 families are dual-income families (双薪家庭), and most of them have young children. Kindergartens and primary schools finish hours e 7 than most working parents get off work. Thanks to these elderly volunteers, the problem of picking up children has been s 8 properly.
Experts say the program not only meets the n 9 of young families, but also makes full use of the elderly as a group. Many elderly people are not r 10 to live the retired (退休的) life and they want to show their value as well. The program is also a good example of the old Chinese saying— Close neighbors are better than distant relatives.
7.（2025·天津·一模）Electric cars may seem like a recent invention, but they’ve been around for years. In the early 1900s, there were more electric cars on the road than there were petrol (汽油) cars. At that time, petrol was e 1 compared with other fuels (燃料). W 2 petrol prices dropped and new technologies were developed, electric cars went out of fashion (过时). Instead, petrol cars became more p 3 because they could travel longer distances (距离) without stopping.
During the 20th century, petrol cars got bigger, heavier, and faster. They needed more fuel, and it c 4 more air pollution. For years, car makers didn’t worry about pollution. They didn’t worry about the amount of petrol cars used, e 5 . But when people began to realise that there was not enough oil on the earth, they asked car makers to produce more efficient (高效能的) and less polluting cars.
One m 6 of solving the problem was a “hybrid” car (混合动力车), one that ran partly on petrol and partly on electricity. Hybrid cars became popular in the 2000s when petrol prices went up and the prices of hybrid cars went d 7 .
An all-electric car uses no petrol. The problem, however, is that car batteries (电池) need to be recharged (再充电). That makes electric cars not so useful for long j 8 .
Many people are not p 9 with it. The government and car makers are w 10 together to develop safe, cheap, and useful electric cars. When people have these cars in the future, a petrol station may be a thing of the past.
8.（2025·天津西青·一模）
What is the most popular snack today Potato chips Walk i 1 almost any supermarket or corner store in North America and you will see potato chips. North America has the l 2 number of people who love potato chips in the world. Do you know where this very popular snack food c 3 from
One day, almost 150 years ago, a man in an expensive restaurant in New York State was cooking popular food-French fries. However, a customer (顾客) in the restaurant didn’t like the French fries, and complained because they were too t 4 . The c 5 cut some potatoes into thinner pieces and fried them. A waiter brought them to the customer. The customer tasted them, and asked to see the boss because he was still not satisfied. The boss went to e 6 to the customer.
However, the customer said something bad a 7 about the chips again. The cook became very unhappy because the customer was so r 8 . He decided to play a trick on the customer.
He cut some potatoes so thin t 9 the customer wouldn’t be able to pick them up with his fork.To the cook’s s 10 , the customer loved the new chips. Soon other customers wanted them, too. From then on, the chips became more and more popular.
9.（2025九年级上·江苏镇江·期末）根据短文内容及所给首字母提示写出所缺单词，使短文意思完整，每空一词。
How fast can someone climb 15 meters—the height of a five-floor building The answer from Chinese speed climber Cao Long is 4.98 seconds. He is the t 1 person to have finished the speed climbing route in less than five seconds. The other two are Indonesian athletes. People call Cao the “fastest man in China” or “Chinese Spider- Man”.
According to Cao, the r 2 of speed climbing can change every time because it’s a highly stressful race where two climbers join the competition at the same time. It’s also a sport that finishes in seconds. If you want to s 3 , everything has to be perfect.
But this stress is part of the reason w 4 Cao loves the sport. Having the competition side by side with a 5 climber really excites him. He really enjoys the excitement when achieving his personal best.
Cao tried climbing at the age of 8. L 6 many other kids who first got into climbing, Cao was mainly doing bouldering (抱石攀岩) and lead climbing and was doing very well.
Sadly, he got hurt and had operations at the age of 18. He then d 7 to try speed climbing. The speed climbing uses different skills from bouldering and lead climbing and puts less stress on climbers’ bodies. Cao is great at speed climbing as well, a 8 he thinks he is hardly the strongest athlete. He understands h 9 to better distribute (分配) power to different parts of his body. In his eyes, the national record of 4.98 seconds has become a thing of the p 10 . He will keep trying to do better and go beyond himself.
10.（2024·天津滨海新·一模）根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。每空限填一词。
Balloons are a symbol of celebration. People love to release (放) colorful balloons for special events (事件), such as f 1 and ceremonies. Colorful balloons may look pretty, b 2 they can bring about some serious problems.
After balloons are released, they can end up hundreds of kilometers away f 3 where they were released, causing great harm to the environment and wildlife. They can fly a 4 everywhere, including waterways, oceans, mountains and farmlands.
Well, in our daily life, there are two types of balloons. Most of the balloons we use are latex (乳 胶) balloons. In fact, i 5 will take them six months to four years to decompose (分解) and they can cause pollution before they do. The other one is Mylar (聚酯薄膜) balloons. They are a k 6 of plastic balloons which can not be decomposed and can stay in the environment forever. Similar to plastic bags, the Mylar balloons break into smaller pieces in the sun.
All of these materials can add to the amount of plastic w 7 in our environment. At the same time, it can result the death of animals. Sea animals, such as whales, sea birds often mistake balloon pieces for food, and if eaten, those pieces can make them h 8 to breathe and then cause them to die. Even worse, some birds are collecting balloon pieces, thinking that they are food, and even f 9 them to their babies
So, don’t release balloons any more in order to r 10 the pollution and protect animals. Small step we take can make the world better, healthier and cleaner.
11.（2025·江苏南通·模拟预测）请认真阅读下面短文，并根据各题所给首字母的提示，写出一个合适的英语单词完整的、正确的形式，使短文通顺。
Have you ever h 1 of the term “children of the stars” It’s a special name for children with autism (自闭症). April 2 is World Autism Awareness Day. It was started by the United Nations to make people know m 2 about autism and offer better care and support to those w 3 have it.
Autism affects (影响) how a person grows and learns. It usually starts to show within the f 4 three years of life. The official (官方的) name for this condition is “autism spectrum disorder (自闭症谱系障碍).” Doctors use a handbook 4 DSM-5 to diagnose (诊断) autism. It talks about two main autism signs: problems with talking and helping with o 5 and doing the same things over and over again.
“When I talk to my daughter or ask her to do something, she won’t pay a 6 to me,” said Meng Lingdi. Her daughter was diagnosed with autism at 2 years old. “She doesn’t make as much eye contact (接触) with people a 7 another kids do.” Children with autism also feel physical pain. “Many of them have epilepsy (癫痫) because their brain activity is d 8 from that of other kids,” said Sun Zhongkai at Beijing Stars and Rain Education Institute for Autism (Stars and Rain).
We don’t know e 9 what causes autism. But scientists think it might be a mix of things like how we grow, our genes (基因), and our environment. If a family has a child with autism, the chance of their other children having autism is about 10 times higher than u 10 .
12.（2025·江苏淮安·一模）In many people’s eyes, plants are quiet and passive (被动). They can’t talk. They can’t walk. And they can’t think like us.
Or can they A new BBC documentary series, The Green Planet (《绿色星球》), gives us a new look at plants. Released on J 1 10th on Bilibili, it uncovers the wonderful and dramatic (戏剧性的) ways that plants b 2 (behave). “The Green Planet reveals (揭示) the secret l 3 of plants in the same way The Blue Planet (《蓝色星球》) opened our eyes to the oceans,” editor Elle Hunt wrote in New Scientist.
Plants compete against each other to live. In the rainforests, different kinds of plants race f 4 sunlight. The forest floor is described as a “battlefield” in the series as only two p 5 of the sunlight filters (透过) through it. Some plants spread their big leaves to reach light. But they are c 6 up in a vine (藤本植物) that tries to hitch a ride (搭便车). Finally, they are both overtaken by a fast-growing balsa (轻木) tree. As the balsa has slippery (光滑的) hairs on its leaves, the vine can’t get a hold. Similarly, some trees make poisonous sap (毒汁) to protect t 7 .
Plants also help each other and even communicate. In deserts, the roots of Euphrates poplar (胡杨) are connected. If a tree finds water, it will share it with others through the roots. Studies also show that plants use fungus (真菌) in the soil as a way to “talk” to each other. It’s kind of like h 8 Wi-Fi works. If a tomato plant gets a leaf disease, it can tell nearby plants about it.
The Green Planet not only lets us marvel (惊叹) at the plant world b 9 pushes us to understand that plants are important. “Plants are the basis of all life, including ourselves. We depend upon them for every mouth of food that we eat and every lungful of air (一口气) that we breathe,” said David Attenborough, presenter of the series. It’s time to look after wild plants just as c 10 as our houseplants.
13（2025·江苏扬州·一模）缺词填空
Longtaitou, which means Dragon Heads-raising Day, is a traditional Chinese festival. It f 1 on the second day of the second lunar month. It has a long history and rich cultural m 2 .
According to ancient Chinese astronomy, as spring approached, the stars in the sky seemed to form the s 3 of a dragon. On this day, people believed that the dragon in the sky would r 4 its head, marking the real arrival of spring and the start of all things.
One of the most popular traditions on Longtaitou is getting a haircut. It is said that having a hair cut on this day could bring good fortune and drive away evil s 5 . Many people, especially children, will flock to barbershops. It is not only a cultural p 6 but also make them look neat and fresh as spring arrives.
A 7 interesting custom is eating food related to the dragon. Dumplings are called “dragon ears”, noodles are k 8 as “dragon whiskers” (龙须), and pancakes are regarded as “dragon scales” (龙麟). People eat these “dragon foods” to celebrate the festival and send good wishes for the coming year.
In some regions, there are also wonderful dragon dance performances. The dragons are made of bamboo, paper, and fabric. Talented dancers would hold the long dragons and move them in a lively way. The energetic dancing a 9 a strong festive atmosphere to the whole village or town.
Longtaitou is m 10 more than a festival. It’s time for people to come together, enjoy traditional customs and look forward to a bright future. It shows the connection between the Chinese people and culture, as well as their longing for a better life.
14（2025·江苏扬州·一模）根据短文内容和首字母提示，在下文空格处填入适当的词使短文完整，完整地写出空缺处各单词的正确形式。(每空一词)
After three years away, Li Ziqi, one of the most popular Chinese video bloggers, made a surprising comeback on Tuesday afternoon. Li’s return not only quickly became the h 1 topic online, but also attracted the world’s attention back to the treasure of Chinese traditional culture.
Li Ziqi, born in 1990 in Sichuan Province in southwest China, began c 2 short videos in a peaceful style in 2015. In these videos, Li shared beautiful scenes of life in the countryside, traditional cooking, and cultural skills l 3 making ink and clothes. She quickly received widespread attention online, A 4 Li stopped video updates in 2021, she still had nearly 100 million followers across China’s top four social media platforms. “I still enjoy s 5 my life and meaningful cultural traditions with everyone,” Li said during an interview with Xinhua.
Li said the lifestyle she enjoys will be a theme of her videos. Over the past three years, she has learned to play the piano, devoted h 6 to handicrafts (手工艺品), planted many plants and fruits, and traveled with her grandmother.
Many fans follow her comment section (评论区) with messages s 7 they were excited to see her back. While reading the comments from people around the world, expressing their blessings (祝福) and how much they missed her in their own languages, she said, “I am so touched by this. They also shared some of their l 8 customs, animals and plants, or some interesting childhood stories. I really enjoy reading these kinds of comments, and I miss them a lot too.”
“Internet, short video, technologies i 9 AI, all these things can be used to show my life and spread culture, so I want to keep going and see if I could o 10 up some new roads,” Li explained her future work plans in a recent interview.
15（2025九年级下·湖北襄阳·一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处写出各单词的正确形式，单词的第一个字母已给出。
What will happen if there is no Internet in your family for a month One American family d 1 to find out. They have sent an i 2 to a leading US TV station, expecting that it will send a film group to record their day-to-day life w 3 information technology for a month.
When the film group meet the Smiths, they find that Mr. Smith, Mrs. Smith and their two sons are so c 4 about Internet that they hardly do things together. At mealtimes, no one sits at the dining table for their food. Mrs. Smith e 5 “Everyone just runs into the kitchen, takes their food and then goes back to their screen. If we don’t make a change, our family will become s 6 to each other!”
Getting back to the n 7 life is not easy, especially when the Smiths l 8 themselves in it. They have to make many changes. For e 9 , the two brothers have to go to the school library to borrow books for their scientific projects and Mr. and Mrs. Smith need to go shopping because they cannot buy things online. As the family has picked up the new lifestyle, they can spend more time t 10 with each other, playing sports and doing all kinds of activities together.
Would they be able to go for long without using the Internet after the challenge
16（2025·江苏镇江·一模）根据短文内容及所给首字母提示写出所缺单词，使短文意思完整，每空一词。
Cats might not answer when we talk to them, but they could be listening more carefully than we i 1 . A new study suggests that cats can learn to connect spoken words with pictures.
Researchers from Azabu University in Japan, led by Saho Takagi, did an experiment (实验) with 31 cats. They played recordings of the cats’ owners words l 2 “parumo” or “keraru”. While listening, the cats saw pictures on a screen, such as a red sun or a w 3 horse. The pictures became bigger and smaller to k 4 the cats interested. After showing the same word-picture pairs several times, the cats became b 5 and went away.
In the next part of the study, the researchers showed one of the pictures to the cats again. But for half of the cats, they changed the word that match the picture. The cats that heard the “wrong” word looked at the picture for a longer time. This showed that they were confused (困惑的) b 6 they didn’t hear the word they used to hear. Some cats’ eyes got bigger as they looked at the screen. That was another sign that they were confused by what they saw and heard. Takagi said, “It was really cute to see how s 7 the cats took part in the experiment.”
Most cats connected the word to the picture after just two short training periods, each lasting 9 seconds. This is f 8 than how human babies learn in similar experiments.
This study is part of more research about cats’ ability to understand l 9 . Before, studies found that cats can recognize (识别) their own names, and also the names of the people and other cats in their “family.” Takagi said, “Cats listen to what we say in our d 10 life and try to understand us more than we think.”
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)专题14 首字母填空
题型解读｜模板构建｜真题试炼
种题型难度相对较大,考生失分现象比较严重。考生要仔细阅读全文,利用上下文提供的有关信息,仔细阅读相关句子,判断所缺单词在句中所作的成分,这样才能写出正确答案。要做好此类题目,考生不但要有较强的语感,善于体会上下文的内在联系,而且还要有扎实的语言知识储备和较大的词汇量。
解题步骤
1. 跳过空格，通读短文，了解大意。
2. 复读短文，确定语义，判断句子成分。
3.判断空格单词在句子成分里的词性，缩小范围。
4.联系上下文，找关键信息推测出答案。
5.通读短文，检查答案。注意时态，语法，以及词性等问题。
一个句子一般由两部分构成，即主语部分和谓语部分，这两部分也叫做句子的主要成分。句子的次要成分包括宾语，定语，状语，表语、同位语、补语等。
1.对主语的判断：做主语词性主要为：名词，代词，动名词。注意名词单复数。
1.B　　　　　 is the color of the sky on a sunny day.
答案　Blue　根据the color of the sky on a sunny day可知,这里表示蓝色,故填Blue。
2.Tony’s family was preparing dinner when Amy arrived. The family was cooking vegetables with hot oil.
The k was filled with many good smells.
解析：the 后接名词，充当主语。根据上文 cooking 等，这里填写 kitchen。
2.对谓语的判断：做谓语词性主要为：动词。注意时态的问题。
时态:
一般现在时：要考虑动词的三单形式
一般过去时：要考虑动词的过去式
现在进行时：考虑动词的现在分词形式
现在完成时：要考虑动词的过去分词的形式
1．He h his head in shame after being caught cheating on the exam.
【答案】(h)ung
【详解】句意：他考试作弊被抓到后羞愧地低下了头。根据“He…caught cheating on the exam.”和首字母提示可知，此处指的是他考羞愧地低下了头，hang one’s head为固定短语，意为“低下头；垂头丧气”，句子时态为一般过去时，所以用hung，故填(h)ung。
2．Small restaurants can s many people every day, because customers don’t stay very long.
【答案】(s)erve
【详解】句意：小餐馆每天可以服务很多人，因为顾客不会停留很久。根据“Small restaurants”和“many people”可知，餐馆每天可以服务很多人，应用动词serve，can后跟动词原形。故填(s)erve。
3．On the eve of the festival, many lanterns are h in the streets.
【答案】(h)ung
【详解】句意：在节日前夕，许多灯笼被挂在街道上。根据“many lanterns are…”及首字母提示可知，此处指应该是灯笼挂在街上，hang“悬挂”。这里是一般现在时的被动语态，结构是be done，hang的过去分词是hung。故填(h)ung。
4．When you c the street, you must be careful. The traffic is busy.
【答案】(c)ross
【详解】句意：当你过马路时，一定要小心。交通很繁忙。根据“When you c... the street, you must be careful.”可知，过马路时要小心，cross“穿过”，时态是一般现在时，主语是复数，动词用原形。故填(c)ross。
5．Mark is so tired that he has f asleep already.
【答案】(f)allen
【详解】句意：马克太累了，他已经睡着了。根据“Mark is so tired that he has …asleep already”可知，太累以至于睡着了，fall asleep“睡着”，has与过去分词构成现在完成时结构，fall的过去分词是fallen，故填(f)allen。
3.对宾语的判断:做宾语词性主要为：主要为名词，代词，动名词。
1．—Would you mind p me the sugar instead of the salt
—Surely, here you are.
【答案】(p)assing
【详解】句意：——你介意把糖递给我而不是盐吗？——当然不介意，给你。根据“here you are”和首字母“p”提示可知，此处是指不介意把糖递给对方；考查pass sb. sth.“递给某人某物”，固定搭配；又根据空前“mind”可知，考查mind doing sth.“介意做某事”，所以这里应用动名词形式passing。故填(p)assing。
2．The boss promised to d our pay next month, so we can make more money.
【答案】(d)ouble
【详解】句意：老板答应下个月给我们双倍的工资，这样我们就能赚更多的钱。根据首字母及“so we can make more money”可知，此处指老板给员工双倍工资。double“加倍”，动词。promise to do sth.“承诺做某事”，不定式作宾语，空格处应用动词原形。故填(d)ouble。
3．Remember to h the milk before drinking. It’s good for your stomach.
【答案】(h)eat
【详解】句意：喝之前记得把牛奶加热。这对你的胃有好处。根据“Remember to h... the milk before drinking.”可知，此处是指加热牛奶，heat“加热”，不定式符号to后跟原形。故填(h)eat。
4.对表语的判断:做表语词性主要为：形容词，名词, 介词短语。如果是动词的适当形式作表语，动词必须改成 to do ,doing 或 done 的形式。注意形容词比较级和最高级。
1．The teacher reads every student’s name to check who is a .
【答案】(a)bsent
【详解】句意：老师叫每个学生的名字，以检查谁没来上课。根据“The teacher reads every student’s name”以及首字母可知此处是指老师点名来检查谁缺席了，absent“缺席的”。故填(a)bsent。
2．The star is so t that we can hardly see it with our eyes.
【答案】(t)iny
【详解】句意：这颗星很小，我们的眼睛几乎看不见。根据“we can hardly see it with our eyes.”和首字母提示可知，星星太小了，几乎看不见，tiny“极小的”，形容词作表语，故填(t)iny。
3．The letters are so t that I can’t see them clearly.
【答案】(t)iny
【详解】句意：字母是如此的小以至于我不能清晰地看见它们。根据“are”和“so”可知此处应填形容词，而由“I can’t see them clearly”及首字母可知tiny“极小的”符合语境，故填(t)iny。
4．In the future, doctors can better understand p illnesses by looking at 3-D images of the human body.
【答案】(p)atients’/(p)hysical
【详解】句意：未来，医生可以通过观察人体的三维图像更好地了解患者/身体的疾病。根据“understand...illnesses”和首字母提示可知，未来，医生可以通过观察人体的三维图像更好地了解疾病，可推测此处指患者/身体的疾病，空处需填名词所有格或形容词，修饰illnesses，名词复数所有格patients’表示“患者的”和形容词physical“身体的”均符合语境。故填(p)atients’/(p)hysical。
5.对定语的判断:做定语词性主要为：形容词，序数词，介词短语。如果是动词的适当形式作定语，动词必须改成 to do ,doing 或 done 的形式。注意形容词比较级和最高级。
1．Dr. Ma was very proud to help so many b people to see again.
【答案】(b)lind
【详解】句意：马医生很自豪能帮助这么多盲人重见光明。根据“help so many…people to see again.”及首字母可知，帮助盲人重见光明，blind“失明的，盲的”，形容词作定语，故填(b)lind。
2．You should do more p exercise, or you’ll be much fatter.
【答案】(p)hysical
【详解】句意：你应该多做体育锻炼，否则你会胖很多。此处应填形容词修饰exercise，根据首字母提示可知，体育锻炼的短语为physical exercise，符合语境。故填(p)hysical。
3．After I finished the primary school in my home town, I went to a s school in Jinan.
【答案】(s)econdary
【详解】句意：在我的家乡读完小学后，我去了济南的一所中学。根据常识可知，小学毕业后上初中，secondary“中学的”符合语境，故填(s)econdary。
4．In many countries, it is often not polite to ask very d questions when you meet someone for the first time.
【答案】(d)irect
【详解】句意：在许多国家，当你第一次见到某人时，问非常直接的问题通常是不礼貌的。根据“it is often not polite to ask very...questions when you meet someone for the first time.”及首字母提示可知，此处指的是direct“直接的”，形容词修饰其后的名词，故填(d)irect。
6.对状语的判断:做状语词性主要为：副词，介词。如果是动词的适当形式作状语，动词必须改成 to do ,doing 或 done 的形式。
1．—Nowadays, people s pay cash (现金).
—Yes. They usually use their phones. It’s more convenient.
【答案】(s)eldom
【详解】句意：——如今，人们很少付现金。——是的。他们通常使用手机。它更方便。根据“They usually use their phones. It’s more convenient.”和首字母提示可知，人们现在很少使用现金付款，seldom“很少”符合题意。故填(s)eldom。
2．I didn’t know what to buy for Jane as her birthday gift until I saw what e I was looking for in a shop—a nice cake with her favorite Elsa on it!
【答案】(e)xactly
【详解】句意：我不知道该给简买什么作为她的生日礼物，直到我在商店里看到了我要找的东西——一个漂亮的蛋糕，上面有她最喜欢的艾莎！根据“I saw what ... I was looking for in a shop”及首字母可知，在一家商店里恰好看到了要找的东西；exactly“恰好，确切地”，副词，修饰动词短语looking for。故填(e)xactly。
3．He said in surprise, “It was e what I needed. You know me so well.”
【答案】(e)xactly
【详解】句意：他惊讶地说：“这正是我所需要的。你太了解我了。”根据“You know me so well”可知对方很了解自己，所以东西正是自己所需要的，故此处用副词exactly“正是，确切地”。故填(e)xactly。
7.对连词的判断:并列连词and, but, or, so , not only…but also, either …or, neither…nor, as well as, both…and等连接并列的词,词组和句子; 从属连词although/though /because/ if/unless/when/until/after/before/as/...等连接从句。因此，首字母中一个句子中有从句的话，就考虑从属连词。
1．The expressions we use might depend on w we are speaking to.
【答案】(w)hom
【详解】句意：我们使用的表达可能取决于我们说话的对象。根据“we are speaking to”，并结合首字母可知应是取决于和谁说话，whom“谁”符合语境，引导宾语从句，作to的宾语，故填(w)hom。
2．Could you please tell me with w you are discussing
【答案】(w)hom
【详解】句意： 你能告诉我你们在和谁讨论吗？此处是宾语从句，根据“with”和“you are discussing”可知，此处指和谁讨论，whom谁，指代人，连接词在从句中做宾语，故填(w)hom。
二．其他做题思路：
1. 依据习惯用法与固定搭配进行填词：
W his help, the old man was safe. The boy thanked him very much.
从句意我们就知道是“在他的帮助下”， with his help.
2.依据语法知识进行填词：
It was a l earlier.
从句中的earlier可以看出它是比较级,修饰形容词比较级有前面有a,那肯定就是little.
3.依据常识的积累进行填词：
But it was too late. His friend was very angry. Mr. White said nothing but only one word “S .” Mr. White迟到了，他的朋友很生气，他什么都没说，只说了一个字“S .”
我们根据常识肯定是向他的朋友道歉，所以肯定填sorry.
4.依据逻辑推理与句意理解进行填词：
One Sunday afternoon, Mr. White drove his new car to his friend’s house happily. He wanted to p his friend up at five and then went to see a new movie together.
根据句意，Mr. White高兴地开着车去他的朋友家，然后一起去看电影，我们可以进行逻辑推理，他肯定是去接他的朋友，所以填pick.
解题技巧
1.理清文章脉络
　　首字母填空有种“另类完形填空”的感觉。所以在解题技巧上两者有共通之处,先要通读整篇
文章,了解文章主要描述了什么,要表达什么意思,在弄清楚了文章大意和中心思想后,在答题时就能
够大致划定单词的范围。在通读文章的过程中,对于容易确定的答案可先填上。
例1 Here are some t　　 to help improve children's working memory.
解题思路 下文各个段落是在讲“如何帮助提高孩子们的工作记忆”。所以此处可用ways, suggestions, tips等词。根据首字母t可知,此处填tips。
2.找出提示词
　　解题时注意段落的首句和尾句,这两个地方会提供不少解题信息。有的短文只有一段,这时要仔细推敲设空处的上下文,找到关键词句,抓住关键信息,可按照文章段落句子的意思,猜测每个空逻辑上符合的词义,并根据首字母的提示,进一步缩小单词可选范围,最终确定答案。
例2 Eating vegetables does not make us f because they are low in calories.
解题思路 根据空后“because they are low in calories”可知,蔬菜是低卡路里的食物,所以不会让人发胖,故填fat。
例3 Yangzhou China Grand Canal Museum is different from all the other m which are themed on the Grand Canal in China. Why not come and visit it yourself
解题思路 all the other后接可数名词复数。根据上文“Yangzhou China Grand Canal Museum is different from...”可知是把扬州中国大运河博物馆和中国其他的大运河博物馆作比较。故填museums。
3.确定适当形式
仅仅确定了单词可能还不是最终答案,要根据文章实际情况,变换词形。确定了填写某个单词之后,要考虑语法是否正确,是否符合句式结构,能否使得文章变通顺。
动词的填写,要判断所在段落句子的时态,根据不同的情况,动词有原形、过去式、第三人称单数、过去分词等几种形式;名词的填写,要考虑是否可数、名词单复数的变化;形容词的填写,要考虑是否要用比较级或最高级等。这些都是要在最终确定答案前要考虑到的。
例4 This is not because they are the most nutritious, but because they are the (71)e to grow.
解题思路 根据空前的“This is not because they are the most nutritious”可知,此处也需要填最高级,根据语境、常识和首字母可知,此处表示它们是最容易种植的,故填easiest。
例5 The 25.7-meter-long, 8-meter-high ancient Bian River section is c by many as the “treasure of the museum”.
解题思路 consider...as...认为……是……。根据主语The...Bian River section和空格后的by many可
知,此句用被动语态。故填过去分词considered。
1.（2024·天津·中考真题）根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。每空限填一词。
Long ago, the early people did not live in houses as we do today. Most of the homes were in caves or shelters (遮蔽物) which were built in trees. These ‘homes’ were only used as temporary (临时的) shelters to p 1 them from the sun, the rain and the wild animals in the forests. Men of that time were called ‘cave people’.
These ‘cave people’ usually lived in small groups and life was not e 2 for them. They had to move from place to place to s 3 for food. They would hunt, fish or pick wild fruit. When they couldn’t find a 4 to eat, they would leave to find another proper place. Their tools were very simple. They ate raw (生的) food u 5 they learnt how to make a fire. For clothing, they used only the bark (树皮) of trees or the skins (皮) of animals to c 6 their bodies.
However, the lives of the ‘cave people’ changed. They collected the seeds (种子) of wild plants that g 7 in the forests. Soon they learnt to plant fruit, vegetables and other crops. They also kept cows, sheep and other kinds of farm a 8 for milk, meat and skins. They became f 9 and lived in only one certain area. Their groups became l 10 than before as they lived more settled (固定的) lives. They built houses as long-lasting homes, and as a result, villages and towns developed quickly. The ‘cave people’ began to be civilized (文明的).
【答案】1．(p)rotect 2．(e)asy 3．(s)earch 4．(a)nything 5．(u)ntil 6．(c)over 7．(g)rew 8．(a)nimals 9．(f)armers 10．(l)arger
【导语】本文主要介绍“穴居人”的生活。
1．句意：这些“家”只是用作临时庇护所，保护他们免受阳光、雨水和森林里的野生动物的侵害。根据“These ‘homes’ were only used as temporary (临时的) shelters to p... them from the sun, the rain and the wild animals in the forests.”可知，这些“家”保护他们免受阳光、雨水和森林里的野生动物的侵害，protect“保护”，不定式结构中用动词原形，故填(p)rotect。
2．句意：这些“穴居人”通常生活在小群体中，生活对他们来说并不容易。根据“These ‘cave people’ usually lived in small groups and life was not e... for them.”可知，生活对他们来说并不容易，easy“容易的”，在句中作表语，故填(e)asy。
3．句意：他们不得不从一个地方搬到另一个地方寻找食物。根据“They had to move from place to place to s... for food.”可知，他们不得不搬家寻找食物，search for“寻找”符合语境，不定式结构中用动词原形，故填(s)earch。
4．句意：当他们找不到吃的东西时，他们会离开去找另一个合适的地方。根据“When they couldn’t find a... to eat, they would leave to find another proper place.”可知，找不到吃的东西时就会搬家，anything“任何东西”，用于否定句中，故填(a)nything。
5．句意：他们吃生的食物，直到学会如何生火。根据“They ate raw (生的) food u... they learnt how to make a fire.”可知，直到学会如何生火才不吃生的食物，until“直到”符合语境，故填(u)ntil。
6．句意：至于衣服，他们只用树皮或兽皮来遮盖身体。根据“they used only the bark (树皮) of trees or the skins (皮) of animals to c... their bodies”可知，他们只用树皮或兽皮来遮盖身体，cover“遮盖”，不定式结构中用动词原形，故填(c)over。
7．句意：他们收集了生长在森林中的野生植物的种子。根据“They collected the seeds (种子) of wild plants that g... in the forests.”可知，收集生长在森林中的野生植物的种子，grow“生长”，时态是一般过去时，动词用过去式，故填(g)rew。
8．句意：他们还饲养牛、羊和其他种类的农场动物，以获取牛奶、肉和皮。根据“They also kept cows, sheep and other kinds of farm a... for milk, meat and skins.”可知，饲养牛、羊和其他种类的农场动物，animal“动物”，“other kinds of”修饰可数名词复数，故填(a)nimals。
9．句意：他们成了农民，只住在一个特定的地区。根据“They became f... and lived in only one certain area.”可知，他们成了农民，farmer“农民”，主语“They”是复数，故填(f)armers。
10．句意：他们的群体变得比以前更大，因为他们的生活更加稳定。根据“Their groups became l... than before as they lived more settled (固定的) lives.”可知，他们的群体变得比以前更大，larger“更大的”，在句中作表语，故填(l)arger。
2.（2024·江苏扬州·中考真题）根据短文内容和首字母提示，在下文空格处填入适当的词使短文完整。在答题卡标有题号的横线上，完整地写出空缺处各单词的正确形式。（每空一词）
Even though my grandfather was a farmer, my grandmother would iron his work clothes every day. Grandmother mixed up her own starch (淀粉浆) in a glass b 1 with a metal cap that had several holes. She sprinkled Grandfather’s jeans with the starch, hung them over a chair for a few minutes, and then i 2 them.
Because I watched her do this through my childhood, I thought every old woman did it. But as the years passed, I began to question this p 3 . Why did Grandfather need his work clothes ironed Most days, he never saw anyone b 4 me and maybe a few other farmers. The clothes became dirty in just a short time. Why did Grandmother s 5 devote time and effort to ironing Grandfather’s clothes that were rarely seen
One day when I was about 13, I asked Grandmother about it. She told me Grandfather was the most handsome man in the world. Later that day, I looked c 6 at Grandfather. He sure didn’t look so handsome to me. He was short and fat with false teeth (假牙). Later I told her my thought.
She gave me a girlish smile and said, “You just aren’t looking in the right light, Cathy. I remember when he had r 7 teeth. He has the most beautiful eyes I have ever seen. They are e 8 the same color as the sky just before the sun goes down. I want the world to see my h 9 as the most beautiful man. I want him to feel beautiful. I iron his clothes every day because for all these years, he has made me feel beautiful.”
The years went on, and I watched Grandmother and Grandfather grow old together. I was probably 30 when I u 10 what beauty really was. It was Grandmother ironing Grandfather’s jeans with starch from a glass bottle.
【答案】1．(b)ottle 2．(i)roned 3．(p)ractice 4．(b)ut 5．(s)till 6．(c)arefully 7．(r)eal 8．(e)xactly 9．(h)usband 10．(u)nderstood
【导语】本文主要讲述了奶奶给爷爷熨烫衣服，在奶奶眼里，爷爷是世界上最帅气的人，很多年过后作者才真正明白真正的美是什么。
1．句意：祖母在一个有几个洞的金属盖的玻璃瓶里把自己的淀粉浆混合在一起。根据“It was Grandmother ironing Grandfather’s jeans with starch from a glass bottle.”可知是一个玻璃瓶，a后加可数名词单数bottle“瓶子”。故填(b)ottle。
2．句意：她在爷爷的牛仔裤上撒上淀粉，把它们挂在椅子上几分钟，然后熨好。 根据“my grandmother would iron his work clothes”可知奶奶给爷爷熨烫衣服，iron“熨烫”，本文时态为一般过去时，动词用过去式。故填(i)roned。
3．句意：但随着时间的推移，我开始质疑这种做法。根据“I thought every old woman did it. But as the years passed, I began to question this”可知作者开始怀疑熨烫衣服的通常的做法，this后加可数名词单数practice“常规”。故填(p)ractice。
4．句意：大多数时候，除了我和其他一些农民，他从来没有见过任何人。根据“he never saw anyone...me and maybe a few other farmers”可知是除了我和其他一些农民，他从来没有见过任何人，but“除了”。故填(b)ut。
5．句意：为什么祖母仍然花时间和精力为祖父熨很少见到的衣服？根据“devote time and effort to ironing Grandfather’s clothes that were rarely seen ”可知作者好奇为什么奶奶仍然花时间和精力为祖父熨很少见到的衣服，still“仍然”。故填(s)till。
6．句意：那天晚些时候，我仔细地看着爷爷。根据“looked...at Grandfather”可知是仔细观察爷爷，修饰动词用副词carefully“认真地”。故填(c)arefully。
7．句意：我记得他长着真牙的时候。根据“He was short and fat with false teeth”可知现在爷爷戴着假牙，但是奶奶记得爷爷长着真牙的时候，修饰名词用形容词real“真的”。故填(r)eal。
8．句意：它们与太阳下山前的天空颜色完全相同。根据“the same color as the sky just before the sun goes down.”可知爷爷眼睛的颜色和太阳下山前的天空颜色完全相同，故此处用副词exactly“确切地”。故填(e)xactly。
9．句意：我想让全世界都把我的丈夫看作最美丽的男人。根据“as the most beautiful man”可知奶奶想让全世界都把她的丈夫当作最漂亮的男人，husband“丈夫”。故填(h)usband。
10．句意：我大概30岁的时候才明白真正的美丽是什么。根据“what beauty really was”可知是理解真正的美丽是什么，understand“理解”，根据“was”可知句子用一般过去时，动词用过去式。故填(u)nderstood。
3.（2024·江苏盐城·中考真题）Do you have a friend with an interesting background Today, I’d like to tell you about a friend of m 1 with it. I’ll tell you a bit about her, such as where she’s from and why we’re good friends.
You know, I didn’t use to do s 2 . However, a couple of years ago, I j 3 a fitness club. There, I met Linda. After the exercise, we had coffee together and b 4 good friends soon. I think we have a lot in c 5 —we both like to keep fit and love trying different food. And we love the ocean; in summer, we like to play at the b 6 and go swimming there. Linda was b 7 in London, but has lived in China for ten years. So she can s 8 both Chinese and English. That’s something different about us. Another d 9 is her background—Linda has experience and knowledge of two cultures.
So, now you know a bit about my friend Linda. Although we might not always live in the same city in the f 10 , I think we’ll stay friends forever.
【答案】1．(m)ine 2．(s)ports 3．(j)oined 4．(b)ecame 5．(c)ommon 6．(b)each 7．(b)orn 8．(s)peak 9．(d)ifference 10．(f)uture
【导语】本文是作者分享了和好朋友Linda的故事。
1．句意：今天，我想告诉你们一个关于我的朋友的故事。根据“tell you about a friend of ”可知，介绍我的一位朋友，a+名词+of+名词性物主代词，是双重所有格结构，mine“我的”，名词性物主代词，故填(m)ine。
2．句意：你知道，我以前不做运动。根据“a fitness club”及do可知，此处指不做运动，do sports“做运动”，故填(s)ports。
3．句意：然而，几年前，我加入了一个健身俱乐部。根据“a fitness club”及首字母可知，加入了一个俱乐部，join“加入”，结合“a couple of years ago”可知，此句是一般过去时，故填(j)oined。
4．句意：锻炼后，我们一起喝咖啡，很快就成了好朋友。根据“we had coffee together and …good friends soon”及首字母可知，成为了好朋友，become“成为”，根据had可知，此空应填过去式，故填(b)ecame。
5．句意：我认为我们有很多共同点。根据“we both like to keep fit and love trying different food”可知，讲述彼此的共同点，have sth in common“有共同点”，故填(c)ommon。
6．句意：我们都喜欢海洋；夏天，我们喜欢在海滩上玩耍并在那里游泳。根据“in summer, we like to play at the”及“go swimming”可知，在海滩上玩耍，beach“海滩”，故填(b)each。
7．句意：琳达出生在伦敦，但在中国生活了十年。根据“in London”及首字母可知，此处用be born in表示“出生于”，故填(b)orn。
8．句意：所以她会说中文和英文。根据“both Chinese and English”及首字母可知，会说中文和英文，speak“说”，can后接动词原形，故填(s)peak。
9．句意：另一个不同点是她的背景。根据“That’s something different about us.”可知，此处介绍不同点，another后接名词difference表示“差异，区别”，故填(d)ifference。
10．句意：虽然我们将来可能不会总是住在同一个城市。根据“we might not always live in the same city in the”及首字母可知，此处用in the future表示“在将来”，故填(f)uture。
1.（2024·上海浦东新·一模）在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给。
Have you heard about periodic table (元素周期表) lately Well, there’s some big news about this special table. But first, remember that periodic table is u 1 to organize all the elements, or things that make up our world.
Elements are all around us. Iron is one of the commonest elements found within the earth. You probably know the element oxygen. It is the element that we b 2 in all the time. And elements can combine to make new things like H2O, namely hydrogen put together with oxygen, also known as water. Learning about this helps us b 3 understand the world we live in.
But have you ever noticed something missing in the periodic table There were already 114 elements, but the seventh row of the table was not f 4 until now. In December, scientists from IUPAC found the four elements that were missing. There are elements 113, 115, 117 and 118. “To scientists, this is of greater v 5 than an Olympic gold medal,” Ryoji Noyori, a noble honored chemist, told Guardian.
The new elements are heavy metals and were made in l 6 . This kind of elements can’t find in nature. Scientists are still looking for ways to use these elements and other elements in the eighth row in our daily lives.
Scientists have been working on this for ten years, but the work is not done. Now they will p 7 to look for “element 119 and beyond”. But for now, be careful when you read your chemistry books because the periodic table might be outdated.
【答案】1．(u)sed 2．(b)reathe 3．(b)etter 4．(f)inished 5．(v)alue 6．(l)aboratories/(l)abs 7．(p)repare/(p)lan
【导语】本文主要介绍了元素周期表有114个元素，现在科学家们又发现了四种在自然界中找不到的元素，现在科学家们还在寻找更多的元素。
1．句意：但首先，记住元素周期表是用来组织所有元素的，或者是构成我们世界的东西。根据“periodic table is u... to organize all the elements”可知元素周期表是用来组织所有元素，be used to do sth.“”被用来做某事，故填(u)sed。
2．句意：它是我们一直在呼吸的元素。根据“You probably know the element oxygen. It is the element that we b... in all the time.”可知我们呼吸需要氧气，breathe“呼吸”；时态为一般现在时，主语是we，动词用原形，故填(b)reathe。
3．句意：了解这一点有助于我们更好地理解我们生活的世界。根据“Learning about this helps us b... understand the world we live in.”可知是指更好地理解世界，better“更好地”符合语境，修饰动词understand，故填(b)etter。
4．句意：已经有114个元素了，但是直到现在，周期表的第七行还没有完成。根据“but the seventh row of the table was not f... until now”可知元素周期表的第七行还没有完成，finish“完成”，与主语构成被动关系，所以动词应用过去分词finished与was not构成被动语态，故填(f)inished。
5．句意：对科学家来说，这比奥运金牌更有价值。根据“In December, scientists from IUPAC found the four elements that were missing. There are elements 113, 115, 117 and 118.”可知发现缺失的四种元素对科学家来说比奥运金牌更有价值，value“价值”，不可数名词，故填(v)alue。
6．句意：这些新元素是重金属，是在实验室里制造出来的。根据“The new elements are heavy metals and were made in l...”及可知新元素应是在实验室被科学家制造的，laboratory/lab“实验室”，此处应用名词复数表泛指，故填(l)aboratories/(l)abs。
7．句意：现在他们将准备/计划寻找119号元素及其他元素。根据“There are elements 113, 115, 117 and 118.”及“Now they will p... to look for “element 119 and beyond”.”可知科学家们是准备/计划寻找119号元素和其他元素了，prepare/plan to do sth.“准备/计划做某事”，will后跟动词原形，故填(p)repare/(p)lan。
2.（2025·上海浦东新·一模）Three months ago, I started a journey. It required neither a backpack nor a plane ticket. What I needed was a notebook and a pen. I decided to record every single day for 90 days, just through words on p 1 , not audio (音频) or video.
Now that I’ve finished this challenge. I’m here to share the ideas and feelings I’ve gained, hopefully encouraging you to try this useful tool.
1 I’m a listener to myself
Most of us spend a lot of time listening to others. But in that process, we often f 2 to hear the most important voice—our own.
For many people, life is so busy that they don’t have time to think. However, that was wrong. When I started writing, I felt s 3 to notice the deep thoughts and feelings in my mind. I never expected that I would have so much to say.
2 The past is not a prison
Through writing about my experiences, I found that I could see my past in a new light. Those experiences weren’t a cage; they were l 4 that taught me a lot. I learned to face life with an open mind from mistakes. I also became aware of the meaning of life through pains and difficulties. Recording helped me move on.
3 The f 5 is a canvas (画布)
Recording didn’t just make me a historian of my past; it also made me an architect of tomorrow. It is filled with ideas, goals, and hopes. I was able to plan and dream like never before. My record turned out to be a priceless tool for my p 6 growth and development, as it helped me plan my own life and prepare for it.
By recording, I saw my strengths, weaknesses, gains and losses. I saw all parts of myself—and I a 7 them all. I don’t need to be perfect. What really matters is that I am in progress.
【答案】1．(p)aper 2．(f)orget 3．(s)urprised 4．(l)essons 5．(f)uture 6．(p)ersonal 7．(a)ccepted
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者三个月来坚持通过文字记录每天生活的经历，并分享了从中获得的感悟。
1．句意：我决定在90天里，每天都通过文字记录生活，而非音频或视频。根据上文“What I needed was a notebook and a pen. I decided to record every single day... just through words”和首字母“p”提示可知，作者需要笔记本和笔，且是通过文字记录，那么文字应该是写在纸上；考查paper“纸”，不可数名词。故填(p)aper。
2．句意：但在这个过程中，我们常常忘记听到最重要的声音——我们自己的声音。根据上文“Most of us spend a lot of time listening to others.”和首字母“f”提示可知，此处是指我们在花费大量时间倾听他人的过程中，常常会忘记去倾听自己内心的声音；考查forget“忘记”，动词；句子时态为一般现在时，且主语为“we”，谓语动词应用原形。故填(f)orget。
3．句意：当我开始写作时，我惊讶地察觉到自己内心深处的想法和感受。根据下文“I never expected that I would have so much to say.”和首字母“s”提示可知，作者没想到自己有这么多说的，所以开始写作时，注意到内心深处的想法和感受会感到惊讶；考查surprised“惊讶的”，形容词，在句中作系动词“felt”的表语。故填(s)urprised。
4．句意：那些经历并非牢笼，而是给我诸多教诲的宝贵经验。根据下文“that taught me a lot”和首字母“l”提示可知，那些经历像教训一样教会了作者很多东西；考查lesson“教训”，可数名词；又根据空前“they were”可知，这里应用名词复数形式 lessons。故填(l)essons。
5．句意：根据下文“Recording didn’t just make me a historian of my past; it also made me an architect of tomorrow.”和首字母“f”提示可知，记录不仅让作者回顾过去，还能规划未来，所以此处是指未来是一幅画布；考查future“未来”，名词；又因为空后“is”可知，这里应用名词单数形式。故填(f)uture。
6．句意：我的记录成为了我个人成长与发展的无价工具，因为它帮助我规划自己的生活并为之做好准备。根据下文“growth and development”和“it helped me plan my own life and prepare for it”以及首字母“p”提示可知，此处是指记录对作者个人的成长和发展有帮助；考查personal“个人的”，形容词，在句中作定语，修饰“growth and development”。故填(p)ersonal。
7．句意：我看到了完整的自己——并且我接纳了全部的自己。根据上文“I saw all parts of myself”和下文“I don’t need to be perfect.”以及首字母“a”提示可知，作者看到了自己的各个方面，并且接受了自己不完美，所以此处是指他接受了自己的全部；考查accept“接受”，动词；又根据上文“saw”可知，句子时态是一般过去时，谓语动词应用过去式accepted。故填 (a)ccepted。
3.（2025·上海黄浦·一模）在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其通顺。每空格限填一词，首字母已给。
Know Your Feelings
Take a moment to notice how your body feels right now. Is your breathing fast or slow Is your mind busy with thoughts, or focused on what you’re reading These are s 1 from your body and brain that show how you’re feeling.
Where do feelings come from
“Feelings start in our brains and exist in our bodies,” says Ekta Hattangady, a counselor who helps people with their problems through conversation. Hattangady e 2 how different emotions show up in our bodies. “When we’re happy or find something funny, we smile. When someone surprises us, our chest or throat might feel tight. When we’re scared, our breathing can become short,” she says.
Why do feelings m 3
Feelings are important because they give us clues about what we need. If you’re angry, it might mean something is unfair, and you need help to fix it. If you’re sad, it could mean you need comfort or time to feel b 4 . Understanding your feelings, called emotional awareness, is a key part of growing up. It helps you express what you’re feeling, which makes it easier to get the help you need to work through things.
Emotions are messengers
You might have seen the movie Inside Out 2. In it, the characters in Riley’s brain represent her c 5 emotions. Each one takes over as she faces big life events. We see joy, fear, and sadness appear when Riley starts high school and worries about losing her friends. Riley learns to understand that all feelings are normal and natural r 6 to different situations, and they all have an important role to play.
Try making it a habit to notice how you feel during the day or week. Hattangady says, “Feelings don’t last f 7 —they come and go. Learning to notice them without letting them control you helps us stay calm and make wise choices.”
【答案】1．(s)ignals 2．(e)xplains 3．(m)atter 4．(b)etter 5．(c)ore 6．(r)esponses 7．(f)orever
【导语】本文讲述了情绪的来源，意义和应对情绪的方法。
1．句意：这些都是来自你的身体和大脑的信号，表明你的感受。根据“from your body and brain that show how you’re feeling.”以及首字母，此处是说来自你身体和大脑的信号，signals“信号”符合语境，结合“are”可知，填名词复数。故填(s)ignals。
2．句意：哈坦格迪解释了不同的情绪如何在我们的身体中表现出来。根据“how different emotions show up in our bodies”以及首字母提示可知，此处应该说解释了情绪如何表现，explain“解释”，该句是一般现在时，主语是“Hattangady”，动词填三单形式。故填(e)xplains。
3．句意：为什么感觉很重要？根据下文“Feelings are important because they give us clues about what we need.”以及首字母提示可知，此处是说为什么感觉重要，matter“要紧”，该句是一般现在时，主语是“feelings”，动词填原形。故填(m)atter。
4．句意：如果你悲伤，这可能意味着你需要安慰或时间来感觉好一点。根据“it could mean you need comfort or time to feel”以及首字母提示，此处是说感觉更好，better“更好”，故填(b)etter。
5．句意：在这部电影中，莱利大脑中的角色代表了她的核心情感。根据“Each one takes over as she faces big life events.”以及首字母提示可知，应该说代表了她的核心情感，core“核心的”，作定语。故填(c)ore。
6．句意：莱利学会了理解所有的感觉都是对不同情况的正常和自然的反应，它们都有重要的作用。根据“to different situations,”以及首字母提示可知，应该说对不同情况的反应，response“反应”，结合“are”可知，填名词复数。故填(r)esponses。
7．句意：感情不会永远持续下去——它们来来去去。根据“they come and go”以及首字母提示，此处是说不会永远持续，forever“永远”，故填(f)orever。
4.（2025·上海闵行·一模）在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给出。
Snowboarding is an exciting outdoor activity and is becoming very popular among teenagers. Here, we find out how it can help you to become healthier and enjoy life more.
Taking up snowboarding is a great way to help you to be c 1 and brave—even if you don’t get it right the first time. That’s why snowboarding is a fantastic way to learn and develop a new interest. I met Kathy Champion, 15, on Mant Blanc, where she e 2 why snowboarding was good for teens.
Kathy started snowboarding at a young age. At only nine years old, she was already snowboarding with her dad in Scotland and she c 3 to love it to this day. “Being in the mountains for hours every day made me feel so good and alive,” she said. It helped her to understand how her body works because she learned skills to help her ride the snowboard p 4 also made her feel that she could do something very well. “Snowboarding taught me to believe in myself, even when I was worried about hurting myself.” Did she get hurt “Yes, sometimes, n 5 serious,” she says.
“But it didn’t make me stop. It made me want to succeed even more and get to the bottom of the mountain!”
In what other ways can snowboarding make you healthy and enjoy life more “It keeps you very fit, very positive, but it also helps you to make new friends,” Kathy says. She believes that doing an extreme sport also introduces you to a new and positive community. “You can get s 6 from people who understand what you’ re doing and are there to help you improve.” And she thinks the feel-good part of snowboarding can also help teenagers keep out of trouble. “Some people I know from school laugh at me when I tell them how great I feel after snowboarding. They think that hanging out on the street and doing stupid things is fun—I don’t see how!” So, what is Kathy’s a 7 to all teenagers “Get a snowboard, get healthy and enjoy life!”
【答案】1．(c)onfident 2．(e)xplained 3．(c)ontinues 4．(p)roperly 5．(n)othing 6．(s)upport 7．(a)dvice
【导语】本文介绍了滑雪板运动如何帮助青少年变得更加健康和享受生活。
1．句意：学习单板滑雪是一种帮助你变得自信和勇敢的好方法——即使你第一次做得不对。根据“and brave”以及首字母提示，此处可以说自信，confident“自信的”，作表语。故填(c)onfident。
2．句意：我在芒特勃朗峰遇到了15岁的凯西·钱皮恩，她向我解释了为什么单板滑雪对青少年有好处。根据“why snowboarding was good for teens.”以及首字母提示，此处指的是解释了为什么单板滑雪对青少年有好处，explain“解释”，该句是一般过去时，动词应用过去式。故填(e)xplained。
3．句意：9岁的时候，她就已经和父亲在苏格兰玩单板滑雪了，直到今天她仍然热爱这项运动。根据“to love it to this day.”可知，此处指的是仍然喜欢这个运动，continue“继续”，该句是一般现在时，主语是“she”，动词填三单形式。故填(c)ontinues。
4．句意：这帮助她了解了自己的身体是如何工作的，因为她学会了一些技巧，帮助她正确地驾驶滑雪板，也让她觉得自己可以做得很好。根据“help her ride the snowboard”可知，此处指的是相关技能有助于她正确地滑雪。properly“正确地”，修饰动词ride。故填(p)roperly。
5．句意：“是的，有时候，没什么大不了的，”她说。 根据“serious”以及首字母提示，nothing“没有什么”符合语境，此处是强调她没有受过严重的伤。故填(n)othing。
6．句意：你可以从那些理解你在做什么的人那里得到支持，并帮助你提高。根据“from people”以及首字母提示，此处指的是得到支持，support“支持”符合语境，不可数名词。故填(s)upport。
7．句意：那么，凯西对所有青少年的建议是什么呢？根据后文她说的“Get a snowboard, get healthy and enjoy life!”以及首字母提示可知，此处指的是建议，advice“建议”，不可数名词。故填(a)dvice。
5.（2025·天津南开·一模）根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。每空限填一词。
Qinling Station, China’s new station in Antarctica
In April, Chinese scientists returned from a “cool” trip to Antarctica (南极). They had a big job: They built China’s f 1 research station there called the Qinling Station. The scientists built it in only two months. They made many parts of it in China; and then t 2 them all the way to Antarctica. Once they got there, they put the parts together just like building with Lego bricks (乐高积木).
The Qinling Station can withstand (抵抗) t 3 as low as -60℃. It uses wind and solar energy because they are g 4 energy.
How big is the station
Its main building covers an area of 5,120 km , making it the largest single structure among China’s existing research stations. It can h 5 80 scientists in summer and 30 in winter. Scientists live in the side parts during summer. The labs are also there. The middle part is for working and eating m 6 . Scientists sleep in the bedrooms on the upper floor during winter.
How is it special
It was the first time China built a station near the Ross Sea. The sea is full of rare a 7 , such as killer whales (虎鲸), Adelie penguins (阿德利企鹅) and emperor penguins. There are also many volcanoes and big glaciers along the coast of the sea.
What are China’s five stations
B 8 the Qinling Station, China established four research bases in Antarctica over the past nearly 40 years—the Great Wall Station, the Zhongshan Station, the Kunlun Station and the Taishan Station. The Great Wall Station was the first to be built in February 1985.
The Qinling Station is near some mountains. These mountains d 9 Antarctica into two parts, just like the Qinling Mountains form a natural geographical boundary (界线) between northern and southern China.
Kunlun and Taishan are only open in summer. Qinling, Changcheng and Zhongshan are open all y 10 round.
【答案】1．(f)ifth 2．(t)ook 3．(t)emperatures 4．(g)reen 5．(h)old 6．(m)eals 7．(a)nimals 8．(B)efore 9．(d)ivide 10．(y)ear
【导语】本文主要介绍了中国在南极新建的秦岭站及其特点。
1．句意：他们肩负着一项艰巨的任务：他们在那里建立了中国的第五个研究站——秦岭站。根据“China established four research bases in Antarctica over the past nearly 40 years”和首字母提示可知，此处指秦岭站是第五个科考站。fifth“第五”，序数词，表顺序。故填(f)ifth。
2．句意：他们在中国制造了很多零件；然后把它们一路带到南极。根据“They made many parts of it in China”可知，此句时态为一般过去时，空处填动词过去式作谓语，与made是顺承关系。根据“to Antarctica”和首字母提示可知，此处指将零件带去南极。take“带”，动词，过去式为took。故填(t)ook。
3．句意：秦岭站可以抵抗低至-60℃的温度。根据“as low as -60℃”和首字母提示可知，秦岭站可以抵抗低温。temperature“温度”，指南极洲的温度，可数名词。前无冠词修饰，用复数的temperatures，作宾语。故填(t)emperatures。
4．句意：它使用风能和太阳能，因为它们是绿色能源。根据“wind and solar energy”和首字母提示可知，风能和太阳能是绿色能源。green“绿色的”，形容词作定语。故填(g)reen。
5．句意：它可以在夏季容纳80名科学家，冬季容纳30名。根据“80 scientists in summer and 30 in winter”和首字母提示可知，此处指容纳这么多人。hold“容纳”，位于情态动词can后，用动词原形。故填(h)old。
6．句意：中间部分用来工作和用餐。根据“eating”和首字母提示可知，此处指吃饭。meal“餐，饭”，可数名词，前无冠词修饰，用复数的meals，作宾语。故填(m)eals。
7．句意：罗斯海充满了稀有动物，如虎鲸、阿德利企鹅和帝企鹅。根据“such as killer whales (虎鲸), Adelie penguins (阿德利企鹅) and emperor penguins”和首字母提示可知，此处指有很多动物。animal“动物”，可数名词，前无冠词修饰，用复数的animals，作宾语。故填(a)nimals。
8．句意：在秦岭站之前，中国在过去近40年里在南极建立了四个研究基地——长城站、中山站、昆仑站和泰山站。根据“China established four research bases in Antarctica over the past nearly 40 years”和首字母提示可知，这四个研究基地是在秦岭站之前建立的。before“在……之前”，介词，位于句首，首字母大写。故填(B)efore。
9．句意：这些山脉将南极分为两部分，就像秦岭山脉形成中国南北的自然地理界线一样。描述事实用一般现在时，空处位于复数主语后，填动词原形作谓语。根据“into two parts”和首字母提示可知，此处指将北极分成两部分。divide“分开”，动词。故填(d)ivide。
10．句意：秦岭站、长城站和中山站全年开放。根据“Kunlun and Taishan are only open in summer”和首字母提示可知，此处指全年开放。all year round“全年”，year“年”，可数名词。故填(y)ear。
6.（2025·天津河北·一模）根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。每空限填一词。
At about four pm on every school day, a group of elderly volunteers in red vests (马甲) are seen waiting at the gate of a primary school in a community in Ningbo. They are known as “shared grandmas”.
Yuan Peijun, 63, is the “grandma” who s 1 the heart-warming program in the community. In early 2019, Yuan started to help pick up a neighboring girl who was in the same kindergarten (幼儿园) as her grandson. The girl's parents were still busy with work when she finished school, so picking her up on time was d 2 for the young couple. When learning of the s 3 , Yuan offered a “small favor”. The favor still goes on today as b 4 kids now study in the same primary school.
Yuan's action has i 5 more elderly women. In September 2019, a formal program was started in the community. Now, the volunteer team has 58 “grandmas”, mostly in their 60s and 70s. They help working parents pick up their children and help them with their homework u 6 their parents take over.
In the community, about 1,200 families are dual-income families (双薪家庭), and most of them have young children. Kindergartens and primary schools finish hours e 7 than most working parents get off work. Thanks to these elderly volunteers, the problem of picking up children has been s 8 properly.
Experts say the program not only meets the n 9 of young families, but also makes full use of the elderly as a group. Many elderly people are not r 10 to live the retired (退休的) life and they want to show their value as well. The program is also a good example of the old Chinese saying— Close neighbors are better than distant relatives.
【答案】1．(s)tarted 2．(d)ifficult 3．(s)ituation 4．(b)oth 5．(i)nfluenced 6．(u)ntil 7．(e)arlier 8．(s)olved 9．(n)eeds 10．(r)eady
【导语】本文主要讲述了宁波一个社区中一群被称为“共享奶奶”的老年志愿者团队，他们帮助双职工家庭接送孩子并辅导作业的暖心故事。
1．句意：63岁的袁培军是在社区发起这个暖心项目的“奶奶”。根据“Yuan Peijun, 63, is the ‘grandma’ who...the heart-warming program in the community.”及首字母提示可知，这里表示发起项目，start有“开始；发起” 的意思，且句子描述过去发生的事，应用一般过去时，故填(s)tarted。
2．句意：女孩放学时，她的父母仍在忙于工作，所以按时去接她对这对年轻夫妇来说是困难的。根据“The girl’s parents were still busy with work when she finished school”可知，父母忙，按时接孩子就困难，difficult“困难的”，符合语境，故填(d)ifficult。
3．句意：当得知这个情况时，袁提供了一个“小帮助”。根据上文提到女孩父母忙，接孩子困难可知，这里指袁得知这种情况，situation“情况；状况”，名词作宾语，故填(s)ituation。
4．句意：这个帮助如今仍在继续，因为两个孩子现在在同一所小学上学。根据上文提到袁帮助接的女孩和她的孙子可知，这里指两个孩子，both“两者都”，符合语境，故填(b)oth。
5．句意：袁的行为影响了更多的老年女性。根据“Yuan’s action has...more elderly women.”及首字母提示可知，袁的行为影响了其他人，influence“影响”符合，且句子用现在完成时，has后跟动词的过去分词，故填(i)nfluenced。
6．句意：她们帮助上班族父母接孩子，并帮助他们做作业，直到他们的父母接手。根据“They help working parents pick up their children and help them with their homework...their parents take over.”及首字母提示可知，这里表示直到父母接手，until“直到…… 为止”符合，故填(u)ntil。
7．句意：幼儿园和小学放学的时间比大多数上班族父母下班的时间早几个小时。根据“Kindergartens and primary schools finish hours...than most working parents get off work.” 及首字母提示可知，这里是幼儿园、小学放学时间和父母下班时间比较，放学更早，early的比较级是 earlier，故填(e)arlier。
8．句意：多亏了这些老年志愿者，接孩子的问题得到了妥善解决。根据“the problem of picking up children has been...properly.”及首字母提示可知，问题被解决，solve“解决”符合，且句子用现在完成时的被动语态，has been后跟动词的过去分词，故填(s)olved。
9．句意：专家表示，这个项目不仅满足了年轻家庭的需求，还充分利用了老年人这个群体。根据“the program not only meets the...of young families”及首字母提示可知，meet the needs of...表示“满足……的需求”，need“需求”常用复数形式，故填(n)eeds。
10．句意：许多老年人还没有准备好过退休生活，他们也想展示自己的价值。根据“Many elderly people are not...to live the retired (退休的) life and they want to show their value as well.”及首字母提示可知，be ready to do sth.表示“准备好做某事”，这里说没准备好退休生活，故填(r)eady。
7.（2025·天津·一模）Electric cars may seem like a recent invention, but they’ve been around for years. In the early 1900s, there were more electric cars on the road than there were petrol (汽油) cars. At that time, petrol was e 1 compared with other fuels (燃料). W 2 petrol prices dropped and new technologies were developed, electric cars went out of fashion (过时). Instead, petrol cars became more p 3 because they could travel longer distances (距离) without stopping.
During the 20th century, petrol cars got bigger, heavier, and faster. They needed more fuel, and it c 4 more air pollution. For years, car makers didn’t worry about pollution. They didn’t worry about the amount of petrol cars used, e 5 . But when people began to realise that there was not enough oil on the earth, they asked car makers to produce more efficient (高效能的) and less polluting cars.
One m 6 of solving the problem was a “hybrid” car (混合动力车), one that ran partly on petrol and partly on electricity. Hybrid cars became popular in the 2000s when petrol prices went up and the prices of hybrid cars went d 7 .
An all-electric car uses no petrol. The problem, however, is that car batteries (电池) need to be recharged (再充电). That makes electric cars not so useful for long j 8 .
Many people are not p 9 with it. The government and car makers are w 10 together to develop safe, cheap, and useful electric cars. When people have these cars in the future, a petrol station may be a thing of the past.
【答案】1．(e)xpensive 2．(W)hen 3．(p)opular 4．(c)aused 5．(e)ither 6．(m)ethod 7．(d)own 8．(j)ourneys 9．(p)leased 10．(w)orking
【分析】文章讲了电动汽车的发展史。
1．句意：在那个时候，汽油和其他燃料相比是昂贵的。根据“petrol prices dropped”可知之前是很昂贵的。故填(e)xpensive。
2．句意：当汽油价格下降和新技术的发展，电动汽车不再流行。此处表示当某事发生的时候，另一件事发生了，用when引导时间状语从句。故填(W)hen。
3．句意：相反，汽油汽车变得更受欢迎，因为它们可以不停车行驶更长的距离。根据“because they could travel longer distances without stopping”可知此处讲到汽油汽车的优势，应是变的受欢迎了，popular受欢迎的，形容词作表语。故填(p)opular。
4．句意：他们需要更多的燃料，而这导致了更多的空气污染。根据“more air pollution”及首字母c可知此处表示引起更多污染，cause引起，再由“needed”可知用一般过去时。故填(c)aused。
5．句意：他们也不担心汽油汽车的使用量。“didn’t worry about”与前面重复，由此推出是也不担心，either也，用于否定句末尾。故填(e)ither。
6．句意：解决这个问题的一种方法是“混合”汽车，一种部分依靠汽油，部分依靠电力的汽车。根据“solving the problem”可知讲解决问题的方法，结合首字母m可知用method表示“方法”，One后接其单数形式。故填(m)ethod。
7．句意：混合动力汽车在2000年代开始流行，当时汽油价格上涨，混合动力汽车的价格下降。根据“Hybrid cars became popular in the 2000s”可知混合汽车的价格应是下降了，go down下降。故填(d)own。
8．句意：这使得电动汽车在长途旅行中不那么有用。根据“The problem, however, is that car batteries need to be recharged.”可知电动汽车需要在充电，不适合长途旅行，journey旅行，long前没有不定冠词或其他限定词，用复数形式journeys。故填(j)ourneys。
9．句意：很多人都不满意。根据“That makes electric cars not so useful for long journeys.”可知人们是对电动汽车不能用于长途旅行这一现象不满意。be pleased with对……感到满意。故填(p)leased。
10．句意：政府和汽车制造商正在合作开发安全、便宜、有用的电动汽车。根据“to develop safe, cheap, and useful electric cars.”可知政府和汽车制造厂是一起工作，work工作，are后接现在分词构成现在进行时。故填(w)orking。
8.（2025·天津西青·一模）
What is the most popular snack today Potato chips Walk i 1 almost any supermarket or corner store in North America and you will see potato chips. North America has the l 2 number of people who love potato chips in the world. Do you know where this very popular snack food c 3 from
One day, almost 150 years ago, a man in an expensive restaurant in New York State was cooking popular food-French fries. However, a customer (顾客) in the restaurant didn’t like the French fries, and complained because they were too t 4 . The c 5 cut some potatoes into thinner pieces and fried them. A waiter brought them to the customer. The customer tasted them, and asked to see the boss because he was still not satisfied. The boss went to e 6 to the customer.
However, the customer said something bad a 7 about the chips again. The cook became very unhappy because the customer was so r 8 . He decided to play a trick on the customer.
He cut some potatoes so thin t 9 the customer wouldn’t be able to pick them up with his fork.To the cook’s s 10 , the customer loved the new chips. Soon other customers wanted them, too. From then on, the chips became more and more popular.
【答案】1．(i)nto 2．(l)argest 3．(c)ame 4．(t)hick 5．(c)ook 6．(e)xplain 7．(a)loud/(a)ngrily 8．(r)ude 9．(t)hat 10．(s)urprise
【导语】本文主要讲述了薯片是如何被发明的。
1．句意：走进北美几乎任何一家超市或街角商店，你都会看到薯片。根据“Walk… almost any supermarket or corner store in North America”和首字母提示可知，此处表示走进北美几乎任何一家超市或街角商店，walk into“走进”符合语境。故填(i)nto。
2．句意：北美是世界上喜爱薯片人数最多的大洲。根据“North America has the … number of people”及首字母提示可知，此处应填形容词最高级largest表示“最多的”。故填(l)argest。
3．句意：你知道这种流行零食的起源吗？根据“Do you know where this very popular snack food … from ”及首字母提示可知，此处应填come的过去式came，表示“来自”。故填(c)ame。
4．句意：然而餐馆里的意为顾客不喜欢炸薯条因为抱怨炸土豆太厚。根据“cut some potatoes into thinner pieces and fried them.”及首字母提示可知，此处表示炸土豆太厚，形容词thick“厚的”符合语境。故填(t)hick。
5．句意：厨师将土豆切成更薄的片油炸。根据“… cut some potatoes into thinner pieces and fried them.”及首字母提示可知，此处指餐厅厨师，cook“厨师”符合语境。故填(c)ook。
6．句意：老板去向顾客解释原因。根据“asked to see the boss because he was still not satisfied. The boss went to … to the customer.”及首字母提示可知，此处表示老板去向顾客解释原因，动词不定式“to explain”作目的状语，符合语境。故填(e)xplain。
7．句意：然而，顾客又大声/生气地说了些薯条不好的话。根据“However, the customer said something bad … about the chips again.”及首字母提示可知，此处应填副词aloud或angrily表示“大声地”或“生气地”。故填(a)loud/(a)ngrily。
8．句意：厨师变得很不高兴，因为顾客太粗鲁了。根据“The cook became very unhappy because the customer was so…”及首字母提示可知，此处应填形容词rude，表示“粗鲁的”，符合语境。故填(r)ude。
9．句意：他将土豆切得极薄，以至于顾客无法用叉子叉起。根据“He cut some potatoes so thin … the customer wouldn’t be able to pick them up with his fork.”及首字母提示可知，此处是固定句型“so...that”表结果，强调薄片程度。故填(t)hat。
10．句意：令厨师惊讶的是，顾客喜欢上了这种新薯片。根据“To the cook’s…”及首字母提示可知，此处应填名词surprise，表示“惊讶”，固定短语 to one’s surprise表示“令某人惊讶的是”。故填(s)urprise。
9.（2025九年级上·江苏镇江·期末）根据短文内容及所给首字母提示写出所缺单词，使短文意思完整，每空一词。
How fast can someone climb 15 meters—the height of a five-floor building The answer from Chinese speed climber Cao Long is 4.98 seconds. He is the t 1 person to have finished the speed climbing route in less than five seconds. The other two are Indonesian athletes. People call Cao the “fastest man in China” or “Chinese Spider- Man”.
According to Cao, the r 2 of speed climbing can change every time because it’s a highly stressful race where two climbers join the competition at the same time. It’s also a sport that finishes in seconds. If you want to s 3 , everything has to be perfect.
But this stress is part of the reason w 4 Cao loves the sport. Having the competition side by side with a 5 climber really excites him. He really enjoys the excitement when achieving his personal best.
Cao tried climbing at the age of 8. L 6 many other kids who first got into climbing, Cao was mainly doing bouldering (抱石攀岩) and lead climbing and was doing very well.
Sadly, he got hurt and had operations at the age of 18. He then d 7 to try speed climbing. The speed climbing uses different skills from bouldering and lead climbing and puts less stress on climbers’ bodies. Cao is great at speed climbing as well, a 8 he thinks he is hardly the strongest athlete. He understands h 9 to better distribute (分配) power to different parts of his body. In his eyes, the national record of 4.98 seconds has become a thing of the p 10 . He will keep trying to do better and go beyond himself.
【答案】1．(t)hird 2．(r)esult 3．(s)ucceed 4．(w)hy 5．(a)nother 6．(L)ike 7．(d)ecided 8．(a)lthough 9．(h)ow 10．(p)ast
【导语】本文主要讲述了有“中国蜘蛛侠”之称的竞速攀岩运动员曹龙的故事。
1．句意：他是第三个在不到5秒内完成高速爬坡路线的人。根据“The other two”和首字母可知，此处指第三个，third“第三”。故填(t)hird。
2．句意：据曹说，速度攀爬的结果每次都会改变，因为这是一项高度紧张的比赛，两名登山者同时参加比赛。根据“According to Cao, the ... of speed climbing can change every time”和首字母可知，速度攀爬的结果每次都会变化，result“结果”。故填(r)esult。
3．句意：如果你想成功，一切都必须完美。根据“It’s also a sport that finishes in seconds.”和首字母可知，因为这项运动是在几秒钟内完成的，所以要成功就得完美发挥。succeed“成功”，want to do sth“想要做某事”。故填(s)ucceed。
4．句意：但这种压力也是曹热爱这项运动的部分原因。the reason why“……的原因”，固定短语。故填(w)hy。
5．句意：与另一位攀岩者并肩比赛真的让他很兴奋。根据“where two climbers join the competition at the same time”和首字母可知此处指另一位攀岩者，another“另一个”。故填(a)nother。
6．句意：像许多刚开始接触攀岩的孩子一样，曹主要是做抱石攀岩和有绳攀岩，而且做得很好。根据“... many other kids who first got into climbing”和首字母可知，此处指像刚接触攀岩的孩子一样。like“像”，介词。故填(L)ike。
7．句意：然后他决定尝试速度攀登。根据“He then ... to try speed climbing.”和首字母可知，此处指决定尝试速度攀登。decide“决定”，且时态是一般过去时，用过去式。故填(d)ecided。
8．句意：曹在速度攀登方面也很出色，尽管他认为自己不是最强壮的运动员。根据“Cao is great at speed climbing as well, ... he thinks he is hardly the strongest athlete.”和首字母可知，前后两句是让步关系，此处用although“尽管”引导让步状语从句。故填(a)lthough。
9．句意：他懂得如何更好地将力量分配到身体的不同部位。根据“He understands ... to better distribute (分配) power to different parts of his body.”和首字母可知，此处指如何更好地分配力量。how to do“如何做某事”。故填(h)ow。
10．句意：在他看来，4.98秒的全国纪录已经成为过去。根据“He will keep trying to do better and go beyond himself.”和首字母可知，此处指成绩已成为过去。past“过去”。故填(p)ast。
10.（2024·天津滨海新·一模）根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。每空限填一词。
Balloons are a symbol of celebration. People love to release (放) colorful balloons for special events (事件), such as f 1 and ceremonies. Colorful balloons may look pretty, b 2 they can bring about some serious problems.
After balloons are released, they can end up hundreds of kilometers away f 3 where they were released, causing great harm to the environment and wildlife. They can fly a 4 everywhere, including waterways, oceans, mountains and farmlands.
Well, in our daily life, there are two types of balloons. Most of the balloons we use are latex (乳 胶) balloons. In fact, i 5 will take them six months to four years to decompose (分解) and they can cause pollution before they do. The other one is Mylar (聚酯薄膜) balloons. They are a k 6 of plastic balloons which can not be decomposed and can stay in the environment forever. Similar to plastic bags, the Mylar balloons break into smaller pieces in the sun.
All of these materials can add to the amount of plastic w 7 in our environment. At the same time, it can result the death of animals. Sea animals, such as whales, sea birds often mistake balloon pieces for food, and if eaten, those pieces can make them h 8 to breathe and then cause them to die. Even worse, some birds are collecting balloon pieces, thinking that they are food, and even f 9 them to their babies
So, don’t release balloons any more in order to r 10 the pollution and protect animals. Small step we take can make the world better, healthier and cleaner.
【答案】1．(f)estivals 2．(b)ut 3．(f)rom 4．(a)lmost 5．(i)t 6．(k)ind 7．(w)aste 8．(h)ard 9．(f)eeding 10．(r)educe
【导语】本文主要是介绍气球虽然好看，但是也会带来严重的环境问题。呼吁人们重视起来，采取行动，让世界更美好、更干净。
1．句意：人们喜欢在节日和仪式等特殊场合放飞彩色气球。根据“People love to release (放) colorful balloons for special events”及首字母f可推出会在节日时放气球，festival“节日”，结合“ceremonies”可知此处用复数。故填(f)estivals。
2．句意：五颜六色的气球可能看起来很漂亮，但它们会带来一些严重的问题。前后句意出现转折，用but表示“但是”。故填(b)ut。
3．句意：气球被放飞后，它们可能会飞到离放飞地点数百公里以外的地方，对环境和野生动物造成极大的危害。away from“远离”。故填(f)rom。
4．句意：它们几乎可以飞到任何地方，包括水道、海洋、山脉和农田。根据“including waterways, oceans, mountains and farmlands”可知是几乎所有地方，用almost表示“几乎”。故填(a)lmost。
5．句意：事实上，它们需要六个月到四年的时间才能分解，而且在分解之前就会造成污染。it will take sb. some time to do sth.“做某事将会花费某人多少时间”。故填(i)t。
6．句意：它们是一种不能分解的塑料气球，可以永远留在环境中。a kind of“一种”。故填(k)ind。
7．句意：所有这些材料都会增加我们环境中的塑料垃圾数量。根据“Similar to plastic bags, the Mylar balloons break into smaller pieces in the sun.”可知会增加塑料垃圾，waste“垃圾”，不可数名词。故填(w)aste。
8．句意：海洋动物，如鲸鱼、海鸟经常把气球碎片误认为食物，如果被吃掉，这些碎片会使它们呼吸困难，然后导致它们死亡。根据“Sea animals, such as whales, sea birds often mistake balloon pieces for food, and if eaten”结合常识可推出吃了气球碎片，会难以呼吸，hard“困难的”，形容词作宾语补足语。故填(h)ard。
9．句意：更糟糕的是，一些鸟正在收集气球碎片，认为它们是食物，甚至把它们喂给它们的宝宝。and连接并列结构，与thinking保持一致，结合“thinking that they are food, and even f... them to their babies”可推出是当成食物喂给宝宝，用feeding。故填(f)eeding。
10．句意：所以，为了减少污染和保护动物，不要再放气球了。根据“don’t release balloons any more”及上文放气球的危害可推出是为了减少污染，reduce“减少”，in order to do sth.“为了做某事”。故填(r)educe。
11.（2025·江苏南通·模拟预测）请认真阅读下面短文，并根据各题所给首字母的提示，写出一个合适的英语单词完整的、正确的形式，使短文通顺。
Have you ever h 1 of the term “children of the stars” It’s a special name for children with autism (自闭症). April 2 is World Autism Awareness Day. It was started by the United Nations to make people know m 2 about autism and offer better care and support to those w 3 have it.
Autism affects (影响) how a person grows and learns. It usually starts to show within the f 4 three years of life. The official (官方的) name for this condition is “autism spectrum disorder (自闭症谱系障碍).” Doctors use a handbook 4 DSM-5 to diagnose (诊断) autism. It talks about two main autism signs: problems with talking and helping with o 5 and doing the same things over and over again.
“When I talk to my daughter or ask her to do something, she won’t pay a 6 to me,” said Meng Lingdi. Her daughter was diagnosed with autism at 2 years old. “She doesn’t make as much eye contact (接触) with people a 7 another kids do.” Children with autism also feel physical pain. “Many of them have epilepsy (癫痫) because their brain activity is d 8 from that of other kids,” said Sun Zhongkai at Beijing Stars and Rain Education Institute for Autism (Stars and Rain).
We don’t know e 9 what causes autism. But scientists think it might be a mix of things like how we grow, our genes (基因), and our environment. If a family has a child with autism, the chance of their other children having autism is about 10 times higher than u 10 .
【答案】1．(h)eard 2．(m)ore 3．(w)ho 4．(f)irst 5．(o)thers 6．(a)ttention 7．(a)s 8．(d)ifferent 9．(e)xactly 10．(u)sual
【导语】本文介绍了自闭症影响一个人的成长和学习方式，自闭症开始的时间应是在生命的前三年，我们无法确切地知道什么导致了自闭症。
1．句意：你听说过“星星的孩子”这个词吗？根据“of the term”可知是听说这个词，hear of“听说”，根据“have you ever”可知，此处用现在完成时have done，因此用hear的过去分词heard。故填(h)eard。
2．句意：它是由联合国发起的，目的是让人们更多地了解自闭症，并为自闭症患者提供更好的照顾和支持。根据“offer better care and support to those w...have it”可知，表示要更多地了解自闭症，more“更多的”，故填(m)ore。
3．句意：它是由联合国发起的，目的是让人们更多地了解自闭症，并为自闭症患者提供更好的照顾和支持。句子是定语从句，先行词those表示人，因此用who引导定语从句，故填(w)ho。
4．句意：它通常在生命的前三年开始展示。根据“It usually starts to show”可知，自闭症开始的时间应是在生命的前三年，first“最初”，故填(f)irst。
5．句意：它讨论了两种主要的自闭症症状：在与他人交谈、帮助他人方面有困难以及反复做同样的事情。根据“helping with”和首字母o可知，要帮助他人，others“其他人”，故填(o)thers。
6．句意：孟令迪说：“当我和女儿说话或让她做某事时，她不会注意我。”pay attention to“注意”，故填(a)ttention。
7．句意：她不像其他孩子那样与人进行那么多的眼神交流。as...as...“和……一样……”，故填(a)s。
8．句意：北京星雨自闭症教育研究所的孙仲凯说：“他们中的许多人患有癫痫，因为他们的大脑活动与其他孩子不同”。根据“from that of other kids”可知是和其他孩子的大脑活动不同，be different from“与……不同”，故填(d)ifferent。
9．句意：我们无法确切地知道什么导致了自闭症。根据“But scientists think it might be a mix of things like how we grow, our genes (基因), and our environment.”可知，科学家认为，这可能是多种因素共同作用的结果，比如我们的生长方式、基因和环境，因此无法确切地知道自闭症的原因，修饰动词用副词exactly“确切地”。故填(e)xactly。
10．句意：如果一个家庭有一个患有自闭症的孩子，他们的其他孩子患自闭症的几率大约是正常情况下的10倍。根据“the chance of their other children having autism is about 10 times higher”可知，此处表示其他孩子患自闭症的可能性比正常的情况高，usual“平常的，正常的”，故填(u)sual。
12.（2025·江苏淮安·一模）In many people’s eyes, plants are quiet and passive (被动). They can’t talk. They can’t walk. And they can’t think

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