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(共22张PPT)
Unit 1 People of Achievement
Discover useful structures
To distinguish non-restrictive relative clauses from restrictive relative clauses.
To make sentences using non-restrictive relative clauses.
Read the following sentences and underline the relative clauses. Then name the two types of clauses and state their functions.
1. They tested hundreds of Chinese medical treatments
that showed promise in the fight against the disease.
restrictive relative clause
function:modify the kind of medical treatments they tested.
2. Tu Youyou was awarded the Nobel Prize, which is considered one of the highest international honors a person can receive.
non-restrictive relative clause
3. Tu Youyou went to Hainan, where malaria was more common, to study malaria patients.
non-restrictive relative clause
4. Later, the medicine was tested on malaria patients, most of whom recovered.
non-restrictive relative clause
function:give extra information about Nobel Prize
function:give extra information about Hainan
function:give extra information about patients
In rural areas, where/in which ambulances can take a relatively long time to arrive, the phone boxes have taken on a life-saving role.
在农村,救护车要花相对长的时间到达,电话亭就承担了救命的角色。
Mr Smith, from whom I have learned a lot,is a famous scientist.
史密斯先生是一位著名的科学家,我从他那里学了很多东西。
The books on the desk, whose covers are shiny, are prizes for us.
桌子上的书是我们的奖品,书的封皮很亮。
I had told them the reason, for which I didn’t attend the meeting.
我已经告诉了他们我没有参加会议的原因。
注意：
(1)whose作定语,先行词是人时,“whose+n.”相当于“the+n.+of whom”;先行词是物时,“whose+n.”相当于“the+n.+of which”。
(2)that不能引导非限制性定语从句。when/where可以用“介词+which”来代替。
(3)非限制性定语从句表原因时,不用 why 引导,而用 for which代替 why。
单句写作
1.在这场活动中,一些在过去很著名的演员却未到场。
At the event, some famous actors were absent, ________ ________ ________ ________in the past.
2.学校附近住着一位老人,他的儿子在国外工作。
There lives an old man near the school, ________ ________ ________ ________ ________.
who had been
popular
whose son is
working abroad　
二、作用不同
限制性定语从句对先行词进行修饰和限制，如果去掉会造成句意的不完整；
非限制性定语从句对先行词是修饰，补充解释说明或对主句进行评述，去掉不影响。如：
Franklin was the first man who discovered the nature of electricity.
Franklin, who was very young, discovered the nature of electricity.
先行词往往是抽象，不够具体的
先行词：具体，从句旨在补充说明评述先行词或主句
三、先行词不同
限制性定语从句的先行词一般是名词或代词，非限制性定语从句的先行词既可以是名词或代词, 也可以是主句的一部分或整个主句。如：
Things then improved, which surprised me.
（先行词为整个主句）
四、关系词不同
限制性定语从句可以由that, why引导，而非限制性定语从句不用that和why引导；关系词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可以省略，在非限制性定语从句中通常不省略。如：
There were very few passengers that/who had escaped without serious injury.
There were very few passengers, who had escaped without serious injury.
Have you found the book (that/which) you want
注意：
(1)whose作定语,先行词是人时,“whose+n.”相当于“the+n.+of whom”;先行词是物时,“whose+n.”相当于“the+n.+of which”。
(2)that不能引导非限制性定语从句。when/where可以用“介词+which”来代替。
(3)非限制性定语从句表原因时,不用 why 引导,而用 for which代替 why。
限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句
从句与先行词关系紧密，对先行词的意义起到限定作用，不可或缺 从句对先行词或整个主句其补充说明，解释，评论等作用
只能修饰先行词，不修饰整个主句 即可修饰先行词，也可修饰整个主句
可用that引导从句 可用关系代词和关系副词，但通常不用that引导
从句前一般不用逗号隔开 从句和先行词或主句之间一般用逗号隔开
1.Now Irene Astbury works from 9 am to 5 pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, ___________ she opened with her late husband Les.
2.Many westerners _______ come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap it can be to eat out.
3．They worked for two hours to rescue the man _______ was injured in the accident.
4.Lichun is a Chinese word for one of the 24 solar terms, ________ means the beginning of spring.
5.We are talking about one of the most interesting devices ________ allow people to deal with lots of aspects of their lives.
Exercise
which
who
who/that
which
that
Task 2
Task 3
二、关系代词as和which
关系代词as和which既可引导限制性定语从句,也可引导非限制性定语从句,在从句中作主语或宾语。
项目 as which
指代 引导的从句只能指代整个主句的内容 引导的从句既可指代整个主句的内容,又可指代主句的一部分
位置 可位于主句之前、之中或之后 引导的从句不能位于主句之前
意义 正如,就像 这(一点),那(一点)
As is reported in the papers, our country has sent up another man-made earth satellite.报纸上报道,我们国家又发射了一颗人造地球卫星。 (as 指代主句内容,位于句首)
The singer, as was expected, achieved great success.
正如所预料的那样,这位歌手取得了巨大的成功。(as 指代主句内容,位于句中,用逗号隔开)
These three books were given to me as gifts, which might add to the meaning I attach to them.
这三本书被当作礼物给了我,这可能会增加我赋予它们的意义。 (which 指代主句内容,位于句末)
注意:
as引导的非限制性定语从句常可看作固定结构:
四、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的不同
类别 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句
作用 修饰限制(只可修饰先行词) 补充说明(可修饰先行词或主句)
意义 去掉后,句意不完整 去掉后,句意仍完整
形式 不用逗号与主句隔开 用逗号与主句隔开
关系词 作宾语时可省略 作宾语时不可省略
可用that 不用that,用who或which代替
可用who代替whom 一般不用who代替whom
可用why 不用why,用for which代替
译法 先译定语从句,后译先行词,常译作“……的” 可译为并列句
He is the man whom you are looking for.
他就是你正在找的那个人。(限制性定语从句,修饰先行词the man)
These apple trees, which I planted three years ago, have not borne any fruit.
这些苹果树是我三年前栽的,还没有结过果实。(非限制性定语从句,用逗号与主句隔开)
He studied hard at school when he was young, which led to his success in his later life.(which 指代主句内容)
他年轻的时候在学校努力学习,这促使他在以后的生活中取得成功。
Friendship is precious wealth (that) one searches for all his life.
友谊是毕生难觅的珍贵财富。(that 在从句中作for 的宾语,可省略)
单句写作
1.The person (　　　　　) ________ ________ ________(我最尊敬的人) is my physics teacher.
2.But it was a meaningful day, ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ (我们学到很多东西).
3.She is working hard, ________ ________ ________ ________(这是大家有目共睹的).
whom I respect most
when we learnt a
lot
which everyone can see
THANKS

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