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第六节 介词和连词
知识梳理
一、介词的概念
介词是一种用来表示词与词、词与句之间的关系的虚词，在句中不能单独充当句子成分。介词后面一般会接上名词、代词或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句作为它的宾语。
二、介词的分类及用法
1. 表示时间的介词
介 词 含义及用法 举 例
in 用于表示月份、季节、年份或与上午/下午/晚上等词连用 in November在11月，in summer在夏季，in 2022 在2022年，in the afternoon在下午
“in+一段时间”意为“在……后”，表示将来的时间 He will be back in two days. 他将两天后回来。
续表
介 词 含义及用法 举 例
on 用于表示星期、具体的某一天或某一天的上午/下午/晚上 on Sunday 在星期天，on Sunday morning 在星期天的上午，on March 8在3月8日
at 用于表示某一具体时刻或用在固定短语中 at 7 o'clock 在7点钟，at noon 在中午，at night在晚上
续表
介 词 含义及用法 举 例
before 意为“在……之前” before 7 o'clock 7点之前
after 意为“在……之后” after 10 minutes 10分钟后
from 意为“从……起” from Monday to Friday 从周一到周五
past 意为“过；晚于” half past seven 7点半
续表
介 词 含义及用法 举 例
for 意为“达……之久”，表示过了多长时间 He has worked for twenty-four hours. 他已经工作了24小时了。
during 意为“在……期间” during the day 在白天
2. 表示位置的介词
图示及介词 含义及注意点
in
on
under in：在……里面（静态）
on：在……上面（接触）
under：在……正下方
续表
图示及介词 含义及注意点
between
among between：在……之间（两者）
among：在……之间（三者或三者以上）续表
续表
图示及介词 含义及注意点
behind
in front of behind：在……后面
in front of:在……前面
续表
图示及介词 含义及注意点
near
besides/by near：在……附近
besides/by：靠近（比near距离更近）
续表
图示及介词 含义及注意点
into
out of
around into:进入（从外到里，动态）
out of：从……出来（从里面出来，动态）
around：围绕（动态）
续表
图示及介词 含义及注意点
above
over
below above：在……上方
over：在……正上方
below：在……下方
续表
图示及介词 含义及注意点
through
across
along through：穿过（某物的内部）
across：横穿（某一平面）
along：沿着（街道，河岸）
3. 表示其他意义的介词
介 词 含义及用法 举 例
by 意为“（表示方式）乘坐；通过” My father goes to the USA by plane. 我爸爸乘坐飞机去美国。
He makes a living by selling newspapers. 他靠卖报纸维持生计。
续表
介 词 含义及用法 举 例
with 意为“（表示关系）和……在一起” I go to the park with my sister. 我和我姐姐一起去公园。
意为“（表示方式）用”，一般接具体的工具 He broke the window with a stone. 他用石头砸坏了窗户。
续表
介 词 含义及用法 举 例
in “in+语言”意为“用……语言” Please say it in English. 请用英语说。
“in+颜色”意为“穿着……（颜色）衣服” Mary is in red today. 玛丽今天穿着红色的衣服。
续表
介 词 含义及用法 举 例
for 意为“给……” This present is for you. 这个礼物是送给你的。
意为“为了……” Thank you for telling me the way to the zoo. 谢谢你告诉我去动物园的路线。
意为“作为……” We have chips and hamburgers for lunch. 我们午餐吃了薯条和汉堡。
续表
介 词 含义及用法 举 例
to 意为“到……” Take your sports shoes to the PE class. 带上你的运动鞋去上体育课。
意为“致……” Happy birthday to you! 祝你生日快乐！
of 意为“……的” This is a map of my city. 这是我所在城市的地图。
三、介词短语
介词短语指的是某一个介词固定与其他动词、代词、名词或词组搭配，表达某一个固定的意思。以下为小学阶段常见的介词短语：
1. 动词＋介词
get on 上（车） get off 下（车） get to 到达
listen to 听 look at 看 look after 照顾
look for寻找 look up 查找
look like 看上去像 put on 穿上 wait for 等待
worry about 为……担忧
be made from 由……制成（看不出原材料）
be made of 由……制成（能看出原材料）
2. be+形容词＋介词
be afraid of 害怕 be angry with 生气
be close to 接近于 be famous for 因……出名
be full of 充满 be good at 擅长于
be late for 迟到…… be interested in 对……感兴趣
3. 介词＋其他词
after school 放学后 at first 首先 at last 最后
at least 至少 by oneself 独自
by the way 顺便提一下 for example例如
on time 准时；按时 on holiday 在度假
from … to … 从……到……
四、连词的概念
连词是用来连接词、短语或句子的虚词，表示它们之间的关系，不能单独使用。
五、常见连词及其用法
连 词 含义及用法 举 例
and 意为“和”，连接两个对等成分的词或句 I like cabbages and carrots. 我喜欢卷心菜和胡萝卜。
Rose likes to dance and her father likes to sing. 罗丝喜欢跳舞，她爸爸喜欢唱歌。
续表
连 词 含义及用法 举 例
both …
and … 意为“……和……（两者）都”，连接两个主语时，谓语动词用复数形式 Both you and I are in Class Six this year. 今年我和你都在6班。
续表
连 词 含义及用法 举 例
or 意为“或者”。“祈使句+or+简单句”中，or意为“否则” Would you like milk or tea 你想要牛奶还是茶？
Put on your sweater, or you will have a cold. 穿上毛衣，否则你会感冒的。
续表
连 词 含义及用法 举 例
either …
or … 意为“或者……或者……”，连接两个主语时，谓语动词遵循就近一致原则 Either he or you are right. 要么他对，要么你对。
续表
连 词 含义及用法 举 例
but 意为“但是”，连接的两个成分意思相反或相对 They are tired but happy. 他们很累，但很高兴。
He is not good at study, but he is good at sports. 他不擅长学习，但他擅长运动。
续表
连 词 含义及用法 举 例
so 意为“所以，因此”，不能和because连用 My mother worked last night, so I went shopping by myself. 我妈妈昨晚去上班了，所以我自己去购物。
续表
连 词 含义及用法 举 例
because 意为“因为”，不能和so连用 I like beef, because it is delicious. 我喜欢牛肉，因为它很美味。
when 意为“当……时；在……的时候” When you see him, please say hello to him. 见到他时，代我向他问好。
续表
连 词 含义及用法 举 例
if 意为“如果”，if引导条件状语从句时，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表将来 He will come if you invite him . 如果你邀请他，他就会来。
考点精析
【例1】Read and fill. 根据句意，用适当的介词填空，使句子合理、通顺并符合逻辑。
1. The book is made ______ wood.
2. The table is made ______ wood.
3. The fan is made ______ China.
4. The model plane is made ______ Tom.
考查介词、连词在句子中的正确运用
考点
解析:本题考查介词的运用。be made后面接上不同的介词，所表达的意思不同。be made of和be made from都意为“由……制成”，但是be made of指从制成品中可以直接清楚地看出原材料是什么；be made from指从制成品中看不出原材料是什么；be made in意为“在哪里制造”；be made by意为“由谁制造”。
答案：1. from 2. of 3. in 4. by
【例2】Read and choose. 读句子，选择正确的答案，并将其字母编号填在括号内。
( )1. Birds can fly in the sky, ______ they can't swim in the water.
A. and B. but C. or
( )2. He has four pens. ______ he doesn't use them.
A. But B. And C. Or
( )3. Hurry up， ______ you'll be late for school.
A. and B. or C. so
解析:本题考查连词的运用。第1题分析句意，横线前后两句的意思有转折的意味，因此只能用连词but。第2题根据句意“他有四支钢笔，但是他不用”可知表转折，因此正确答案是A。第3题根据句意“快点，否则你上学就会迟到了”，只有or才意为“否则；要不然”，因此正确答案是B。
答案：1. B 2. A 3. B
一、Read and fill. 根据句意，用适当的介词填空，使句子合理、通顺并符合逻辑。
1. A: What are you looking ____________？
B: My dog. I can't find it.
2. The girl always looks ____________ the dog. She is very kind.
for
after
3. Look ____________ the blackboard, children.
4. You can look ____________ the dictionary and you'll know the meaning of the word.
5. Look at the right side ____________ you go across the road.
at
up
before
二、Read and fill. 根据句意，用适当的连词填空，使句子合理、通顺并符合逻辑。
1. I like music ____________ art.
2. The shirt is nice， ____________ it's too expensive for me.
3. I don't like winter ____________ it's so cold.
and
but
because
4. ____________ you and your sister can go hiking with us.
5. ____________ you want to get good grades（成绩）, you should study hard.
Both
If
过关检测
一、Read and fill. 在下列横线上填上适当的介词。
1. ________ autumn 2. ________ the middle
3. ________ subway 4. ________ train
5. ________ Monday 6. be interested ________
7. ________ Chinese 8. listen ________
9. do well ________ 10. be good ________
11. play ________ us 12. help him ____ English
in
in
by
by
on
in
in
to
in
at
with
with
13. wait ________ 14. ________ July
15. live ________ Hainan 16. be afraid ________
17. ________ Friday morning
18. put ________ your coat
19. worry ________
20. ________ the gate ________ the school
for
in
in
of
on
on
about
at
of
二、Read and choose. 读句子，选择正确的答案，并将其字母编号填在括号内。
( )1. David is ____ Germany.
A. from B. at C. on
( )2. There is a river ____ the two villages.
A. on B. between C. in the middle
A
B
( )3. It's time ____ go to school.
A. to B. for C. up
( )4. Look____ the boy. He's playing ____ his pet cat.
A. in； of B. on； to C. at； with
( )5. Can you count ____ one ____ one thousand？
A. from； to B. from； in C. in； of
A
C
A
( )6. Who's the girl ____ a small mouth？
A. in B. with C. for
( )7. I study English hard，____ English is very important.
A. so B. because C. but
( )8. Use your head，____ you will find a way.
A. and B. or C. but
B
B
A
( )9. Because he is the shortest one in his class，____ he sits in the front of the classroom.
A. so B. but C./
( )10. He doesn't have a TV ____ a computer.
A. and B. or C. but
C
B
三、Read and fill. 根据句意或中文提示，用适当的介词或连词填空，使句子合理、通顺并符合逻辑。
1. Sarah is ____________ the USA. She is an American girl.
2. Look！The cat is ____________ (在……下面) the desk.
3. The park is near, so I ____________ walk ____________ ride a bike to there.
from
under
either
or
4. A: Are you looking ____________ your English book？
B: Yes. But I can't find it.
5. Amy's birthday is ____________ September 14th.
6. Jack is late ____________ school today because he gets up late.
for
on
for
7. ____________ I was young, my grandma told me many funny stories.
8. Chen Jie sits ____________ the middle ____________ the living room.
9. Amy is behind Sarah. Sarah is in front ____________ Amy.
10. I would like to go ____________ I'm too busy.
When
in
of
of
but
四、Read, choose and fill. 阅读短文，根据上下文和图片提示选词填空，使短文通顺、完整。
in, on, between, under, at, above, near, behind, in front of, with
Look 1. ____________ the picture. This is the nature park. There is a house 2.____________ a garden. There are some tall trees 3.____________ the house. There is a boy sitting 4.____________ the bench. There is a pond(池塘) 5.____________ the trees. There are some birds flying 6.____________ the trees. There are some birds singing 7.____________
at
with
in front of
on
behind
above
in
the trees. There is an old man and an old woman 8.____________ the tree. There are two rabbits 9.____________ the grass. There are some frogs 10.____________ the grass.
under
between
near

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