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Unit 6 Grammar and Writing
Numerals 数词
(1) 小数（Decimals）
0.5 → "zero point five" 或直接 "point five" 3.14 → "three point one four"
注意：英语中小数点后的数字需逐个读出，不可连读（如不读作 "three point fourteen"）。
(2)百分数（Percentages）
25% → "twenty-five per cent"- 100% → "one hundred per cent"
百分数作主语时，动词单复数由其后名词决定：
50% of the students are present. / 50% of the water is polluted.
(3)分数（Fractions）
**1/2** → "one half" **1/3** → "one third" **5/8** → "five eighths"
**3/4** → "three quarters" 或 "three fourths"
特殊规则： 分子 >1 时，分母用复数形式（如 **two fifths**，非 "two fifth"）。
口语中常用 "a quarter"（1/4）和 "a half"（1/2） Add three quarters of a cup of sugar.
(4)基数词（Cardinal Numbers）**
one two three ...ten ... one thousand（一千） one million（一百万）
注意： 英语中没有“万”单位，需用 "ten thousand" 表示（如 50,000 → "fifty thousand"）。
(5)序数词（Ordinal Numbers）**
first second third 4th–20th → 后 缀 均 为 "-th"（ 如 fourth, twentieth） 21st → " twenty-first"
用途：日期、排名、楼层等。
语法规则: 序数词前通常加定冠词 the
**详见书 P127-128**
1. take a measurement 进行测量
2. show a specific amount 显示特定数量
3. make something easier to understand 使事情更容易理解
4. currently= at present= for the moment 目前，现在
5. a coast redwood 一片海岸红杉
6. Introduce the plane tree to your classmate 向你的同学介绍悬铃木
7. leaf length 叶子长度 trunk width 树干宽度
8. up to around 1.3 metres 达到约 1.3 米 （up to + 数字）
E. g. The plane tree can grow up to 40 metres tall.
9. a blog post about... 关于...的一篇博客文章
10. do my part to ... 尽我所能
11. give out flyers 分发传单
12. Planting trees is tiring, because it takes time and energy. 植树很疲惫因为它耗时耗精力。
The job of planting trees is tiring. = I am tired of planting trees.
13. After planting my first tree, I promised myself that I would never waste any paper again. 种
完我的第一棵树之后，我对自己承诺将再也不浪费任何纸了。
v.用法：promise to do/ promise not to do/ promise(that) + 从句... （承诺做某事）
n.用法：make a promise 许下承诺/ keep a promise 遵守承诺/ break a promise 违背承诺
14. A blog is like a public diary. 博客就像是一个公众的日记。
15. share experiences,thoughts,feelings and opinions with others 与他人分享经历、想法、感受
和观点
Thoughts about trees:
...because trees keep us cool in the sun.
...because trees make our neighbourhoods quieter. 更安静的 ...because trees help fight climate change.
...because trees stop soil from washing away. 阻止水土流失 Decisions and suggestions:
After seeing the beauty of a small forest, I decided to spread awareness about the benefits of
trees to others. 在看到一片小树林的美丽之后，我决定向其他人宣传树木的好处。
We can plant more trees and create a healthier environment for everyone. 我们可以种植更
多的树木，为每个人创造一个更健康的环境。
We can clean up parks and forests to make them better homes for trees and animals. 我们可
以清理公园和森林，使它们成为树木和动物更好的家园。
We can reduce our carbon footprint and protect trees from the effects of climate change. 我
们可以减少碳足迹，保护树木免受气候变化的影响。
We can educate others about the importance of trees and inspire them to take action. 我们可
以教育他人了解树木的重要性，并激励他们采取行动。Unit 6 TREES
U6-1 Viewing and listening
1. a podcast about the Amazon Rainforest
2. a report on helping trees
3. the experience of helping trees as a volunteer
4. on campus
5. prepare for his project on forests
6. go through a website for ideas
7. Brazil n. 巴西--- Brazilian adj. 巴西的；n. 巴西人
Germany n.德国--- German adj. 德国的；n. 德国人
Russia n.俄国--- Russian adj. 俄国的；n. 俄国人 8. the Jiuzhaigou Valley in China
the Black Forest in Germany
the Dancing Forest in Russia
part of the Amazon Rainforest in Brazil
9. It is full of colourful lakes, lovely waterfalls and beautiful forests.
10. The air is humid and there are a large number of trees.
11. Thick treetops block out the sun, even during the daytime.
Spelling Synonyms
BrE AmE BrE AmE
humour humor autumn fall
kilometre kilometer flat apartment
analyse analyze rubbish garbage
traveller traveler garden yard
colourful colorful underground subway
realise realize film movie
favourite favorite sweet candy
centre center biscuit cookieUnit6-2 Speaking
1. The school club Friends of Trees is looking for volunteers among students.
2. make a difference 有作用或影响 = have an impact 3. do amazing things
4. visit the garden nearby (adv.) / in the nearby Sunshine Park (adj.)
5. update the posters in our science lab
6. on the phone/ by phone
7. have volunteer training
8. learn about environmental protection through talks
9. Which activity are you most interested in
Which piece of advice in Rita’s report are you most likely to follow
10. ---What can I do as a volunteer --- I think you can encourage people to save wood by
recycling.
11. Shouldn’t I be doing more to protect the environment
12. Every little bit counts! 积少成多
13. fill in an application form 填申请表 apply (v.) for 申请Unit6-2 Speaking
1. The school club Friends of Trees is looking for volunteers among students. 树木之友社团正在
学生中招募志愿者。
2. make a difference 有作用或影响 = have an impact
3. do amazing things 做惊人的事情
4. visit the garden nearby (adv.) 参观附近的花园 / in the nearby Sunshine Park (adj.) 在阳光
公园附近
5. update the posters in our science lab 在我们的科学实验室更新公告
6. on the phone/ by phone 通过电话
7. We do have volunteer training. 我们的确做志愿工作的训练。（do 在一般现在时的肯定句中
起强调作用）又如，I do love watching films on weekends. 我确实喜欢在周末看电影。
8. learn about environmental protection through talks and study groups 通过谈话和学习小组
学习到环境保护
9. Which activity are you most interested in 你最感兴趣哪项活动？
Which piece of advice in Rita’s report are you most likely to follow 你最有可能遵从 Rita 报
告里的哪条意见？
10. ---What can I do as a volunteer --- I think you can encourage people to save wood by
recycling. 作为志愿者我能够做些什么？我认为你可以鼓励人们通过回收利用的方式来节约
木材。
11. Shouldn’t I be doing more to protect the environment 我不应该做更多的事去保护环境吗？
（反问句）
12. Every little bit counts! 积少成多 e.g. Remember, every little bit counts when it comes to
studying for your tests. 请记住，复习考试时，点滴努力都有用。（备考复习，积少成多）
13. fill in an application form 填申请表 apply (v.) for 申请
14. How can I help you 我能怎样帮你？ How do I join the club 我怎样加入社团？
15. And that’s it! 完了；就这样；没有别的了。e.g. That’s it. You can leave any time. 就这样了，
你可以随时离开了。Unit 6-3 Reading
1. read Rita’s report on ways of helping trees 阅读丽塔的报道关于帮助树木的方式
2. / the other ways of saving paper 其他节约纸的方式
3. tips on protecting trees 关于保护树木的提示
4. small acts of kindness to trees 对于树木的小小善举
5. in their everyday lives = in their daily lives 在他们的日常生活中
6. care for trees ( take care of/ look after ) 照看树木
7. water effectively 有效地浇水
8. write on only one side of a piece of paper 只在一张纸的一面写字/ on the other side 在另一
边/ on both sides of... 在两边
9. buy second-hand books 买二手书 / choose e-books 选择电子书
(buy-bought-bought) (choose-chose-chosen)
10. believe it or not 无论信不信
11. factory-farmed animals 工厂化养殖的动物
12. a ton of space 一顿的空间
13. lead to the damage of the forest 导致森林的破坏
14. vegetable n. 蔬菜 vegetarian n. 素食主义者
15. try a day without meat every week 每周尝试一天不吃肉
16. require（v.）/r kwa r/：表示“需要”或“要求”，强调必要性或强制性。
结构**：
- require + 名词
- require someone **to do** something
- require **that** + 从句（从句动词常用 **should** 或虚拟语气）
例句**:
- The law requires all drivers to have a valid license.
（法律要求所有司机必须持有有效驾照。）
- The contract requires that the payment be made within 30 days.
（合同规定必须在 30 天内付款。）
常见搭配与固定短语**
1. **require someone to do something** - 强制要求某人做某事
- Example: The job requires you to work overtime.
2. **be required by law** - 法律强制规定
- Example: Seat belts are required by law in most countries.
3. **if required** - 如果需要的话
- Example: Extra help will be provided if required.
与近义词的区别**
need 更口语化，强调必要性（无强制感） I need a coffee to stay awake.
request 礼貌请求（非强制性） She requested a copy of the report.
语法注意事项**
1. **被动语态常见**：强调被要求的事物（而非主动提出要求的人）。
- Example: A visa is required for entry.
2. **虚拟语气**：在正式语境中，`require that` 后的从句可用 should 或动词原形
- Example: The rules require that he submit the form by Friday.
3. **不可接不定式作宾语**：
- 错误：The job requires to work hard.
- 正确：The job **requires working** hard. 或 The job **requires you to work** hard.
17. One basic way to help trees is to plant one. 帮助树木的一个基本方法就是种植一棵树。 18. He taught me to cut off some of the branches from a tree so that it would grow better and
stronger. 他教我从一颗树上剪掉一些树枝以便于它可以长得更好更茁壮。（目的状语）
19. Don’t forget to put old leaves around the tree to protect its roots. 不要忘记在树的周围放
些老叶子用来保护它的树根。（目的状语）
20. I always tell them printing less paper can be a good start. 我经常告诉他们少印刷一些纸张
就是一个很好的开始。
21. Paying online is an excellent way to save a lot of paper over the years! 在线支付是多年来节
省大量纸张的绝佳方式！
22. spread through the soil 在土壤中传播
23. in search of / search for / seak for / look for 搜寻，寻找
24. They reach out in all directions. 他们伸向所有的方向。
25. The leaves of trees provide shelter for animals on hot summer days. 在炎热的夏天，树的叶
子为动物提供遮蔽处。
26. make their homes in trees 在树上建造他们的家园
27. leaf (leaves) 树叶 branch(es) 树枝 truck 树干 root 树根 fruit 果实Unit 6-3 Reading
1. read Rita’s report on ways of helping trees/ the other ways of saving paper
2. tips on protecting trees
3. small acts of kindness to trees
4. in their everyday lives = in their daily lives
5. care for trees ( take care of/ look after )
6. water effectively
7. write on only one side of a piece of paper/ on the other side/ on both sides of...
8. buy second-hand books / choose e-books
(buy-bought-bought) (choose-chose-chosen)
9. believe it or not
10. factory-farmed animals
11. a ton of space
12. lead to the damage of the forest
13. vegetable n. 蔬菜 vegetarian n. 素食主义者 14. try a day without meat every week
15. protect trees out
16. require（v.）/r kwa r/：表示“需要”或“要求”，强调必要性或强制性。
结构**：
- require + 名词
- require someone **to do** something
- require **that** + 从句（从句动词常用 **should** 或虚拟语气）
例句**:
- The law requires all drivers to have a valid license.
（法律要求所有司机必须持有有效驾照。）
- The contract requires that the payment be made within 30 days.
（合同规定必须在 30 天内付款。）
常见搭配与固定短语**
1. **require someone to do something** - 强制要求某人做某事
- Example: The job requires you to work overtime.
2. **be required by law** - 法律强制规定
- Example: Seat belts are required by law in most countries.
3. **if required** - 如果需要的话
- Example: Extra help will be provided if required.
与近义词的区别**
need 更口语化，强调必要性（无强制感） I need a coffee to stay awake.
request 礼貌请求（非强制性） She requested a copy of the report.
语法注意事项**
1. **被动语态常见**：强调被要求的事物（而非主动提出要求的人）。
- Example: A visa is required for entry.
2. **虚拟语气**：在正式语境中，`require that` 后的从句可用 should 或动词原形
- Example: The rules require that he submit the form by Friday.
3. **不可接不定式作宾语**：
- 错误：The job requires to work hard.
- 正确：The job **requires working** hard. 或 The job **requires you to work** hard.
17. One basic way to help trees is to plant one. 帮助树的一个基本方法就是种植一棵树。
18. He taught me to cut off some of the branches from a tree so that it would grow better and
stronger.
19. Don’t forget to put old leaves around the tree to protect its roots.
20. I always tell them printing less paper can be a good start.
21. Paying online is an excellent way to save a lot of paper over the years!
22. spread through the soil
23. in search of / search for / seak for / look for
24. They reach out in all directions.
25. The leaves of trees provide shelter for animals on hot summer days.Unit 6 TREES
U6-1 Viewing and listening
1. a podcast about the Amazon Rainforest 关于亚马逊雨林的播客
2. a report on helping trees 关于帮助树木的一则报告
3. the experience of helping trees as a volunteer 作为帮助树木的志愿者的经验
4. on campus 在校园
5. year by year 逐年；day by day 一天天；one by one 逐个；bit by bit 一点一点地；
step by step 逐步地；hand in hand 手拉手；face to face 面对面；side by side 并肩、并排
6. repare for his project on forests 为森林项目做准备
7. go through a website 仔细通读（深度） look through websites 浏览（较浅）网站
8. Brazil n. 巴西--- Brazilian adj. 巴西的；n. 巴西人
Germany n.德国--- German adj. 德国的；n. 德国人
Russia n.俄国--- Russian adj. 俄国的；n. 俄国人
9. the Jiuzhaigou Valley in China 中国的九寨沟
the Black Forest in Germany 德国的黑森林
the Dancing Forest in Russia 俄国的库尔斯沙嘴（国家公园）
part of the Amazon Rainforest in Brazil 巴西亚马逊热带雨林的部分
10. It is full of colourful lakes, lovely waterfalls and beautiful forests. 它布满了多彩的湖泊、可
爱的瀑布和美丽的森林。
11. The air is humid and there are a large number of trees. humid climate 温暖潮湿的气候
12. Thick treetops block out the sun, even during the daytime. 浓密的树梢甚至在白天也能阻
挡阳光。 block...from doing 阻止，阻断
13. 60% =sixty percent 20%=twenty percent
1/5=one fifths 3/8=three eighths 1/2=a half 3/4=three quarters
6.7million=6,700,000=six point seven million 2,500,000=two and a half million
13.
Spelling Synonyms
BrE AmE BrE AmE
humour humor autumn fall
kilometre kilometer flat apartment
analyse analyze rubbish garbage
traveller traveler garden yard
colourful colorful underground subway
realise realize film movie
favourite favorite sweet candy
centre center biscuit cookieUnit 6 Discovery and Project
1. take action 采取行动
take action to do 采取行动做某事 e.g. The company took action to improve workplace safety.
否定：They failed to take any action to resolve the conflict.
take immediate/urgent action 立即行动
take steps/measures to do 采取措施/方案
2. the Great Green Wall 绿色长城（绿化带）
3. stretch 延伸，绵延 ；近义词 extend
4. from one side of the country to the other 从国的一边到另一边
5. People there are planting trees to stop the sand from turning everything into a big desert. 这
里的人们正在种树是为了阻止沙土把一切都变成一片大沙漠。
这里的 to stop... 作目的状语，在目的状语中 stop...from doing 阻止做某事；turn A into B 把
A 转化成 B。注意：主句中的 there 是修饰前面名词 people 的, 而不是后面的 there be 句型。
6. so far 迄今为止，现在完成时的标志。
e.g. The project has been very successful so far--- billions of trees have been planted!
7. region n. 地区，行政区域 --- regional adj. 区域的，特定地区的 --- regionalism n.地方主义
8. continue v.持续，继续 continuing adj.连续的，持续的 continuously adv.接连地，时时刻刻
9. take care of the protected areas 照看保护地 （protected 为 adj.）
10. stop... from cutting down too many trees 阻止砍伐太多树木
11. aim n. 目标（goal/target） v. 瞄准，针对，旨在 aimless adj. 无目标的
E.g. We aim to complete the task by Friday. 我们目标是周五完成任务。
The program aims at promoting cultural exchange. 这个项目针对提升文化交流。
The project was launched with the aim of improving education. 该项目被启动是以改善教
育为目标的。（aim 此处为 n.）
12. cool adj./v. 凉爽的（cooler-coolest）/冷却 coolness n. 冷静，凉快
13. The plan is to plant some small forests near important places in the city. 这一计划就是在城
市一些重要地方的附近种植一些小片森林。（sth. is to do...）
14. The forests will have groups of trees in places where people walk a lot and where it’s more
peaceful. 森林中会有树木群落，它们位于人们经常走动的地方，那里比较宁静。
15. make a tree card 制作一张树卡
16. find out how many types of trees 查明多少品种的树 choose one kind of tree 选择一个品种
17. dig out some facts 挖掘一些事实
18. natural habitat 自然栖息地
19. I have lived on this planet since ancient times 自从远古时代我就生活在这个星球上。
20. I can survive in cold weather. 我能在寒冷的天气里存活。
21. Leaves turn from green to yellow. 叶子由绿色变成黄色。
22. People often use ginkgo in traditional Chinese medicine. 人们常在传统中药中使用银杏。

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