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(共18张PPT)
Unit 1　Looking forwards
单元重点归纳
2门世2有
3厚Unit 1　Looking forwards
单元素养目标
[单元目标]
语言能力 语法：能够熟练掌握各种时态，并在写作和口语交际中正确运用； 语篇：能够结合自己对本单元主要内容的把握和自己对未来的期望写一篇关于未来规划的文章
文化意识 通过学习培养学生的未来意识，树立远大的目标，做对社会有贡献的人
思维品质 培养学生的阅读能力，使他们养成独立思考、自学探究的良好习惯
学习能力 能够熟练运用本单元的词汇、句式及语法并能够根据本单元的内容适当调整自己的学习策略
[单元词汇]
教材词汇 记忆有法
boyhood 构词记忆：boy n．男孩＋ hood(名词后缀)→boyhood n．(男性的)童年时期，少年时代
trainee 构词记忆：train vt.培训；训练＋ ee(名词后缀)→trainee n．接受工作培训的人；实习生
correspondent 联想记忆：对敏感事件进行及时“反应”(respond)的人就是“记者”(correspondent)→correspondent n．通讯员，记者
bullfighting 构词记忆：bull n．公牛＋fighting n．打斗；打架→bullfighting n．斗牛
historical 构词记忆：history n．历史＋ ical(形容词后缀)→historical adj.(有关)历史的
detective 构词记忆：detect vt.发觉；察觉＋ ive(名词后缀)→detective n．私家侦探
ultimately 构词记忆：ultimate adj.最终的；最后的＋ ly(副词后缀)→ultimately adv.最后，最终
admission 构词记忆：admit v．准许进入；录取；承认＋ sion(名词后缀)→admission n．允许进入(加入)
续表
教材词汇 记忆有法
participation 构词记忆：participate v．参加；参与＋ ion(名词后缀)→participation n．参加，参与
complex 联想记忆：“完成”(complete)“复杂的”(complex)工作→complex adj.复杂的
undergrowth 构词记忆：under adj.较低的；下面的＋growth n．生长物；长成物；产物→undergrowth n．(长在大树下或周边的)下木层，下层灌木丛
commercial 构词记忆：commerce n．商业；贸易＋ ial(名词后缀)→commercial n．(电视或电台的)商业广告
thoughtful 构词记忆：thought n．思考；思想＋ ful(形容词后缀)→thoughtful adj.认真思考的，深思的
symbolize 构词记忆：symbol n．象征＋ ize(动词后缀)→symbolize v．象征，代表
alternative 联想记忆：“修改”(alter)以便使人选择“可供选择的事物”(alternative)→alternative n．可供选择的事物
arise 形近记忆：arise—arouse：问题“出现”(arise)了，这“引起”(arouse)了人们的兴趣→arise v．(由……)引起
circumstance 联想记忆：你的“圈子”(circle)的“情况”(circumstance)如何？→circumstance n．情况，情形
mixture 构词记忆：mix v．混合＋ ture(名词后缀)→mixture n．混合；混合体
affection 构词记忆：affect v．影响；打动＋ ion(名词后缀)→affection n．喜爱，钟爱
qualified 构词记忆：qualify vt.使合格；使具备资格＋ ed(形容词后缀)→qualified adj.合格的，胜任的
sincerely 构词记忆：sincere adj.由衷的；真诚的＋ ly(副词后缀)→sincerely adv.由衷地，真诚地，真心实意地
refreshments 构词记忆：refresh v．使恢复精力；使凉爽＋ ment(名词后缀)→refreshments n．茶点，点心和饮料
Section Ⅰ　Starting out & Understanding ideas
原文　呈现
Facing the Future
For many of us, it's something 【1】we already have (1)experienced. One moment, we are lying (2)comfortably in bed, about to fall into a deep sleep. The next, our eyes are open and we 【2】find ourselves wondering or even (3)worrying about possibly the most important (4)issue of our lives—the future. Will we get into the school of our choice What will we be doing in ten years' time Can we become the person we really want to be (5)In the face of such questions, how should we (6)approach the future Can we (7)take action to (8)shape it, or should we just accept 【3】whatever (9)comes our way？
读文　清障
(1)experience vt.经历　n．经历；经验
(2)comfortably adv.舒服地；舒适地
(3)worry about 担忧；担心
(4)issue n．问题；期号；发行物　v．发布；发行
(5)in the face of... 面对……
(6)approach vt.走进；临近；接近　n．方法；方式；接近；路径
(7)take action to do sth. 采取措施做某事
(8)shape vt.塑造；形成；对……造成影响 n．形状；外形；呈……形状的事物
(9)come one's way 发生在某人身上
【1】省略了关系代词that 的定语从句，修饰something。
【2】“find＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构。
【3】whatever引导的宾语从句，作accept 的宾语。
面对未来
对我们中的许多人来说，这是我们已经经历过的事情。有一刻，我们正舒服地躺在床上，即将进入深度睡眠。接下来，我们睁开眼睛，发现自己在思考，甚至有可能在担心我们人生中最重要的问题——未来。我们能进入我们所选择的学校吗？十年后我们将会在做什么？我们能成为我们真正想成为的人吗？面对这样的问题，我们应该如何走向未来？我们可以采取行动去塑造未来，还是说我们应该只能接受我们身上发生的一切
原文　呈现
【4】As_many_of_us_already_know,_having plans (10)in place for the future is no (11)guarantee that they will become reality. In this (12)respect, some people are more fortunate than others, as can be (13)illustrated by (14)comparing the lives of two famous authors, born 40 years (15)apart. 【5】Although they shared the same (16)ambitious and (17)energetic approach to life, their careers (18)unfolded in (19)contrasting ways.,
读文　清障
(10)in place 适当；在适当的地方
(11)guarantee n．保证；担保
(12)respect n．方面；尊敬；尊重
(13)illustrate vt.说明；阐明
(14)compare vt.比较；对照
(15)apart adv.相距；分离地；与众不同地
(16)ambitious adj.有野心的；有雄心的
(17)energetic adj.精力充沛的；有活力的
(18)unfold vt.展开；打开；呈现
(19)contrasting adj.形成鲜明对比的；差异大的
【4】As引导的非限制性定语从句。
【5】Although 引导的让步状语从句。
正如我们中的许多人已经知道的那样，为未来制订适当的计划并不能保证它们会成为现实。在这方面，有些人比其他人更幸运，这可以通过比较两位相隔40年出生的著名作家的人生来说明。尽管他们对生活有着同样充满雄心和活力的态度，但他们的职业生涯以截然不同的方式展开。
原文　呈现
The American author, Ernest Hemingway, born in 1899, was from early (20)boyhood (21)single minded in his (22)ambition to write. On leaving high school, he joined a local Kansas newspaper as a (23)trainee reporter. He (24)went on to become foreign (25)correspondent for the Toronto Star and used his (26)extraordinary experiences in Europe and later Cuba to (27)inform his writing. In his words, “I decided that I would write one story about each thing that I knew about.” 【6】Having_set_himself_this_goal,_he wrote novels and short stories (28)based on his personal experiences of the First World War, (29)the Spanish Civil War, (30)bullfighting and deep sea fishing, (31)amongst others.His novel The Old Man and the Sea, about the three day (32)epic struggle between an elderly fisherman and the biggest fish he had ever caught, won (33)the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 1953.He would later go on to win (34)the Nobel Prize in Literature.,
读文　清障
(20)boyhood n．(男性的)童年时期，少年时代
(21)single minded adj.单纯的；率真的
(22)ambition n．追求，理想
(23)trainee n．接受工作培训的人；实习生
(24)go on to do sth. 继续做某事(不同的事)
(25)correspondent n．通讯员，记者
(26)extraordinary adj.非凡的；离奇的；特别的
(27)inform vt.对……有影响
(28)base on... 根据……；以……为基础
(29)the Spanish Civil War 西班牙内战
(30)bullfighting n．斗牛
(31)amongst prep.在……当中
(32)epic adj.艰苦卓绝的
(33)the Pulitzer Prize 普利策奖
(34)the Nobel Prize in Literature 诺贝尔文学奖
【6】现在分词短语的完成时作时间状语，表示动作发生在句子谓语动词所表示的动作之前。
美国作家欧内斯特·海明威，生于1899年，自幼就一心一意地想要写作。高中一毕业，他就进入了堪萨斯州当地的一家报社当实习记者。他后来成为《多伦多明星报》的一名驻外记者，并利用他在欧洲和后来在古巴的非凡经历来为他的写作提供素材。用他的话说：“我决定把我知道的每一件事情写成一个故事。”为自己制定了这个目标之后，他根据自己在第一次世界大战、西班牙内战、斗牛和深海捕鱼等的亲身经历创作了多部长篇和短篇小说。他的小说《老人与海》讲述了一位年迈的渔夫与他捕获的最大的一条鱼之间长达三天艰苦卓绝的斗争的故事。这部小说于1953年获得了普利策小说奖。他后来接着获得了诺贝尔文学奖。
原文　呈现
(35)By contrast, the young Arthur Conan Doyle, born in Scotland in 1859, had originally (36)worked as a doctor. But Doyle's main ambition was to become a writer of (37)historical novels. 【7】Although some of his historical novels were published, their success (38)was nothing compared to the stories of his fictional (39)detective, Sherlock Holmes, which he is still best known for to this day.
读文　清障
(35)by contrast 相比之下
(36)work as 担任
(37)historical adj.(有关)历史的
(38)be nothing compared to... 与……相比不值一提
(39)detective n．私家侦探
【7】Although引导让步状语从句；which 引导非限制性定语从句，修饰Sherlock Holmes。
相比之下，1859年出生于苏格兰的年轻的阿瑟·柯南·道尔最初是一名医生。但道尔最大的志向是成为一名历史小说作家。虽然他出版过一些历史小说，但是它们的成功与他虚构出来的侦探夏洛克·福尔摩斯的故事相比根本不值一提，时至今日，道尔最广为人知的作品仍是夏洛克·福尔摩斯的故事。
原文　呈现
Interestingly, Doyle wrote some of his early Holmes stories while he was waiting for patients in his medical practice in London. After Sherlock Holmes made him (40)a household name, Doyle (41)gave up medicine and (42)devoted himself entirely to writing. He still (43)longed to become known for his historical novels amongst other academic works. The public, however, (44)couldn't get enough of Sherlock Holmes. (45)In desperation, Doyle (46)killed off the famous detective in a novel published in 1893 so that he could (47)focus on his “serious” writing. However, fans of Holmes were so angry that Doyle, under (48)immense pressure, (49)was forced to bring Holmes back from the dead. Doyle's many historical novels, plays, poems and academic papers have (50)remained largely forgotten, but Sherlock Holmes has been entertaining readers for (51)well over a century.
读文　清障
(40)a household name一个家喻户晓的名字
(41)give up 放弃
(42)devote oneself to 致力于；献身于
(43)long to do sth. 渴望做某事
(44)couldn't get enough of... 对……如痴如狂
(45)in desperation 绝望地；不顾一切地
(46)kill off 消灭；杀死
(47)focus on 专注于；集中精力于
(48)immense adj.极大的；巨大的
(49)be forced to do sth. 被迫做某事
(50)remain v．保持不变；继续存在
(51)well over a century 远超过一个世纪
有趣的是，道尔在伦敦行医期间等候病人时写下了一些他早期的福尔摩斯故事。当夏洛克·福尔摩斯让他变得家喻户晓后，道尔放弃了医学，全身心地投入写作。在其他文学作品中，他仍然渴望自己因历史小说而出名。然而，公众却对夏洛克·福尔摩斯百看不厌。绝望之下，道尔在一部出版于1893年的小说中杀死了这位著名的侦探，以便可以专注于他的“严肃”写作。然而，福尔摩斯的粉丝们非常愤怒，以至于道尔在巨大的压力之下被迫让福尔摩斯“起死回生”。道尔的许多历史小说、戏剧、诗歌和学术论文在很大程度上被 人们 遗忘了，但是夏洛克·福尔摩斯一个多世纪以来一直使读者兴致盎然。
原文　呈现
Though both of these men were (52)ultimately successful, their paths to success were very different, their futures not necessarily (53)turning out exactly as they planned. So, 【8】whatever (54)twists and turns you might (55)encounter, (56)take a leaf out of the books of these two authors and (57)be prepared for the unexpected. As (58)renowned tech (59)innovator (60)Steve Jobs once said, “You can't connect the (61)dots looking forward; you can only connect them looking (62)backwards. So you have to trust that the dots will somehow connect in your future.”
读文　清障
(52)ultimately adv.最后，最终
(53)turn out 证明是；结果是
(54)twists and turns 波折
(55)encounter vt.遭遇；偶遇；邂逅
(56)take a leaf out of one's book 效仿某人；模仿某人
(57)be prepared for... 为……做好准备
(58)renowned adj.有名望的；著名的
(59)innovator n．改革者；创新者
(60)Steve Jobs 史蒂夫·乔布斯
(61)dot n．点，小圆点
(62)backwards adv.往回，往前面
【8】whatever 引导的让步状语从句。
虽然这两个人最终都很成功，但他们的成功之路却截然不同，他们的未来未必如他们所计划的那样。因此，无论你可能遇到什么样的波折，都要以这两位作者为榜样，为意想不到的事情做好准备。正如著名的科技创新者史蒂夫·乔布斯曾经说的那样：“你不可能在展望未来的时候把点点滴滴串联起来。你只能在回顾过去的时候把它们连接起来。所以你必须相信，这些点滴在你的未来会以某种形式连接起来。
基础　自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．“It is hard for the two parties to negotiate with each other on this issue.” a correspondent(记者) noted.
2．When he was a little boy, he was addicted to reading Arthur Conan Doyle's classic detective(侦探) novels.
3．Compared(比较) to other students, Freddy was an average student.
4．His burning ambition(追求) was to study medicine.
5．In one of his books, he mentioned one experience(经历) working as a volunteer in the USA.
Ⅱ.选词填空
1．The government had to take_action to deal with the plastic pollution.
2．The gray wolves were_forced_to leave the forest because of the industrial development.
3．It turned_out that this method worked very well.
4．We should take a leaf out of the books of these two students and be_prepared_for the outcome.
5．In_desperation,_he decided to give way to fate.
Ⅲ.教材原句
1．“find＋宾语＋宾补”结构
... we find_ourselves_wondering_or_even_worrying_about possibly the most important issue of our lives—the future.……(我们)发现自己在思考，甚至有可能在担心我们人生中最重要的问题——未来。
2．“on/upon doing...”结构
On_leaving_high_school,_he joined a local Kansas newspaper as a trainee reporter.高中一毕业，他就进入了堪萨斯州当地的一家报社当实习记者。
3．so that 引导目的状语从句
In desperation, Doyle killed off the famous detective in a novel published in 1893 so_that he could focus on his “serious” writing.绝望之下，道尔在一部出版于1893年的小说中杀死了这位著名的侦探，以便可以专注于他的“严肃”写作。
4．whatever 引导让步状语从句
So, whatever_twists_and_turns_you_might_encounter,_take a leaf out of the books of these two authors and be prepared for the unexpected.因此，无论你可能遇到什么样的波折，都要以这两位作者为榜样，为意想不到的事情做好准备。
语篇　细研
Ⅰ.根据课文选出最佳选项
1．What do we know about Hemingway from the third paragraph
A．He did well in all subjects at school.
B．He was once a fisherman and caught a big fish.
C．He was interested in writing from childhood.
D．He worked in Europe immediately after high school.
答案：C
2．What were Hemingway's novels and stories based on
A．Each thing that he knew about.
B．Others' experiences.
C．Material from books.
D．News from newspapers.
答案：A
3．What did Arthur Conan Doyle mainly want to become
A．A famous doctor.
B．A famous detective.
C．An author of detective stories.
D．An author of historical stories.
答案：D
4．How does the author support his topic
A．By using exact figures.
B．By using examples.
C．By listing some facts.
D．By using quotations.
答案：B
5．Which one of the following is TRUE about Hemingway and Doyle
A．They both made great contributions to literature.
B．They were both born in the same country.
C．They had the same interests and hobbies.
D．Their careers unfolded in the same way.
答案：A
Ⅱ.课文语法填空
As many of us already know, having plans 1.in place for the future is no guarantee that they will become reality. Take two famous authors for example. Although they shared the same ambitious and energetic approach to life, their careers unfolded in 2.contrasting(contrast) ways.
The American author, Ernest Hemingway, born in 1899, had his ambition 3.to_write(write) since early boyhood. He kept writing and wrote novels and short stories 4.based(base) on things he knew about. His novel The Old Man and the Sea won the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 1953. By contrast, the young Arthur Conan Doyle, born in Scotland in 1859, had 5.originally(original) worked as a doctor. Though his main ambition was to become a writer of 6.historical(history) novels, he was best known for his fictional detective, Sherlock Holmes, which 7.has_been_entertaining(entertain) readers for well over a century.
8．Though/Although both of these men were ultimately successful, their paths to success were very different, their futures not necessarily 9.turning(turn) out exactly as they planned. So, whatever twists and turns you might encounter, take 10.a leaf out of the books of these two authors and be prepared for the unexpected.
词汇　精讲
1．in the face of 面对(问题、困难、危险)
[教材P2]In the face of such questions, how should we approach the future？面对这样的问题，我们应该如何走向未来？
归纳拓展
佳句背诵
①He remained calm even in the face of danger.
即使面对危险，他也镇定自若。
②I have always dreamed of talking face to face with you.
我一直希望和你当面聊一聊。
巧学活用
完成句子
(1)When in_the_face_of/faced_with/facing(面对) difficulty in our learning process, we learned to encourage each other all the time.
(2)In order not to lose_face(丢脸) before the whole class, he spent the whole night preparing for the speech.
(3)Talking with students face_to_face(面对面地) is a good way to find the problems in their study.
(4)When you are chatting with one, please look_him_in_the_face(直视他)．
2．take action 采取行动
[教材P2]Can we take action to shape it, or should we just accept whatever comes our way 我们可以采取行动去塑造未来，还是说我们应该只能接受我们身上发生的一切？
归纳拓展
佳句背诵
①In the face of such a serious problem, the government should take action to solve it.
面对如此严重的问题，政府应该采取行动来解决它。
②If you can really put the three points into action, you will surely be able to live a happy life.
如果你真能把这三点付诸行动，你肯定能过上幸福的生活。
巧学活用
单句语法填空
(1)Action must be_taken(take) to deal with the urgency as soon as possible.
(2)Just press the button to see your favourite character in action.
(3)The new plan for traffic control is being put into action on an experimental basis.
完成句子
(4)Doing morning exercises is beneficial to your health, so you should take_action(采取行动) now.
(5)I have to have the report typed in a store, for my computer is out_of_action(停止运转)．
3．come one's way 发生在某人身上；意外地落在某人头上
[教材P2]Can we take action to shape it, or should we just accept whatever comes our way 我们可以采取行动去塑造未来，还是说我们应该只能接受我们身上发生的一切？
归纳拓展
佳句背诵
①He took whatever came his way.
无论什么事落在他的头上，他都认了。
②He felt his way in the darkness and found a motorbike was in the way.
他在黑暗中摸索着前进，发现一辆摩托车挡住了路。
巧学活用
完成句子
(1)Several chances came_our_way(发生在我们身上) but we missed them.
(2)A blanket of fog made it very difficult for soldiers to make_their_way(前往) to the earthquake hit area.
(3)This should in_no_way(决不) be seen as a defeat.
(4)They lost_their_way(迷路) in the forest. What's worse, it began to rain heavily.
4．ambition n．追求，理想
[教材P3]The American author, Ernest Hemingway, born in 1899，was from early boyhood single minded in his ambition to write.美国作家欧内斯特·海明威，生于1899 年，自幼就一心一意地想要写作。
归纳拓展
佳句背诵
①It took her ten years to achieve her ambition.
她花了十年时间实现自己的理想。
②They were very ambitious for their children.
他们望子成龙心切。
巧学活用
单句语法填空
(1)My parents encouraged me in my ambition to_become(become) a statesman.
(2)His ambition is to_run(run) his own business.
(3)He is as ambitious(ambition) a person as his brother.
完成句子
(4)Because of his poor eyesight the man didn't realise/achieve/fulfil_his_ambition(实现他的理想)．
(5)People commonly believe that a good soldier should have_the_ambition_to_become(有成为……的雄心) a general.
5．contrast n．明显的差异；对比；对照　v．对比；对照；形成对比
[教材P3]By contrast, the young Arthur Conan Doyle, born in Scotland in 1859, had originally worked as a doctor.相比之下，1859 年出生于苏格兰的年轻的阿瑟·柯南·道尔最初是一名医生。
归纳拓展
佳句背诵
①In contrast to his brother, he is always considerate towards others.
与他的兄弟不同，他总是体贴他人。
②The poem contrasts youth and age.
这首诗对比了青年与老年。
巧学活用
单句语法填空
(1)The snow was icy and white, contrasting(contrast) with the brilliant blue sky.
(2)John's friendliness was in marked contrast to/with his brother's rude behavior.
完成句子
(3)Their old house had been large and spacious, but by_contrast(相比之下) their new flat seemed small and dark.
(4)The company lost $13 million this year in_contrast_to/with(与……形成对比) a profit of $15 million last year.
6．devote v．致力于；奉献；献(身)
[教材P4]After Sherlock Holmes made him a household name, Doyle gave up medicine and devoted himself entirely to writing.当夏洛克·福尔摩斯使他变得家喻户晓后，道尔放弃了医学，全身心地投入写作。
归纳拓展
佳句背诵
①At present, he is devoting himself to achieving his ambition to become a lawyer.目前，他正致力于实现自己当律师的抱负。
②He has been devoted to teaching for more than 30 years.
他献身教育事业已经30多年了。
devote... to... 和be devoted to... 中的to 均是介词，后接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。
巧学活用
单句语法填空
(1)Mr Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to setting(set) up some schools for poor children.
(2)We devoted a lot of time to persuading(persuade) the old man to change his mind.
(3)I have_been_devoted(devote) to this cause for many years.
(4)Qian Xuesen devoted himself(he) entirely to science.
完成句子
(5)You will never achieve your ambition unless you devote_yourself_to(致力于) your work.
7．force v．强迫，迫使；人工催长　n．武力；暴力；力量；强大影响
[教材P4]However, fans of Holmes were so angry that Doyle, under immense pressure, was forced to bring Holmes back from the dead.然而，福尔摩斯的粉丝们非常愤怒，以至于道尔在巨大的压力之下被迫让福尔摩斯“起死回生”。
归纳拓展
佳句背诵
①He was forced to quit his ambition to become an actor.
他不得不放弃他成为演员的理想。
②When do the new regulations come into force
新规章什么时候开始执行？
巧学活用
单句语法填空
(1)I was_forced(force) to take a taxi because the last bus had left.
(2)He got his things packed and went to Iceland, forcing(force) his nephew Sam to go with him.
(3)In the end he had to be thrown out of the house by force.
(4)So badly was he injured in the accident that he was forced to_stay(stay) in hospital for several weeks.
完成句子
(5)Don't force_your_child_to_do/into_doing(强迫你的孩子做) what he doesn't like.
(6)Parking restrictions in the town centre came_into_force(开始实施) last month.
8．turn out 结果是，证明是
[教材P4]．.. their futures not necessarily turning out exactly as they planned.……他们的未来未必如他们所计划的那样。
归纳拓展
佳句背诵
①It turned out that his ambition of becoming a doctor came true at last.
结果他当医生的愿望最终实现了。
②When I am in trouble, I always turn to my friends for help.
当我遇到困难时，我总是向朋友们求助。
巧学活用
单句语法填空
(1)The road conditions there turned out to be very good, which was more than we could expect.
(2)With no one to turn to in such a frightening situation, the girl felt helpless.
(3)When the sports hero turned up at our party, he was welcomed with open arms.
(4)Tom had to turn down the invitation to the party last weekend because he was too busy.
完成句子
(5)He got his first book published. It turned_out(结果是) to be a best seller.
句式　突破
1．... we find ourselves wondering or even worrying about possibly the most important issue of our lives—the future.[教材P2]
……(我们)发现自己在思考，甚至有可能在担心我们人生中最重要的问题——未来。
句式解构
本句中的“find ourselves...”为“find＋宾语＋宾补”结构，其中宾语为ourselves。
归纳拓展
“find＋宾语＋宾补”结构表示“发现……处于某种状态/在做某事”，充当宾补的可以是现在分词 表示主动或正在进行 、过去分词 表示被动 、形容词 表示状态 、副词 表示状态 、介词短语 表示状态 等。
佳句背诵
①I found him watching TV in his room secretly.
我发现他正在房间里偷偷看电视。
②When he returned from business, he found his house broken into.
当他出差回来时，他发现他家被人闯入了。
(1)在“find＋宾语＋宾补”结构中，常用it 作形式宾语，而把不定式放在形容词(宾补)之后，构成“find＋it(形式宾语)＋形容词(宾补)＋不定式(真正的宾语)”结构，该结构可转换为“find＋宾语从句”。
The trainee found it hard to adapt to the new environment.＝The trainee found that it was hard to adapt to the new environment.这个实习生觉得很难适应新环境。
(2)如果“find＋宾语＋宾补”结构变为被动形式，则原来的宾语变成主语，宾补变成主补。
He was found seated in front of the TV.他被发现坐在电视机前面。
巧学活用
单句语法填空
(1)I find the life in the countryside peaceful(peace)．
(2)He returned to the airport only to find his car alarm going(go) off.
(3)The little boy was very pleased to find the bottle filled(fill) with water.
(4)I find it hard not to_suffer(suffer) from pressure at work.
(5)He was found cheating(cheat) in the final examination.
完成句子
(6)Her husband rushed home, only to find_the_door_locked(发现门锁着)．
(7)When he came to himself, he found_himself_lying_in_hospital(发现自己躺在医院里)．
(8)The boy finds_it_hard_to_get_up_early(发现很难早起) in the morning in winter.
2．On leaving high school, he joined a local Kansas newspaper as a trainee reporter.[教材P3]
高中一毕业，他就进入了堪萨斯州当地的一家报社当实习记者。
句式解构
本句中的“On leaving high school”为“on/upon doing...”结构，在句中作时间状语。
归纳拓展
佳句背诵
①On arriving at the tea house, the foreign students were impressed by the unique tea pots and tea cups.
一到茶馆，独特的茶壶和茶杯就给这些外国学生留下了深刻印象。
②She cut out the article from the newspaper as soon as/immediately/the moment she saw it.
她在报纸上一看到这篇文章就剪了下来。
巧学活用
一句多译
他大学一毕业就投入到教育事业。
(1)On/Upon_graduating from college, he devoted himself to the cause of education.
(2)He devoted himself to the cause of education as_soon_as he graduated from college.
(3)He devoted himself to the cause of education the_moment/minute/second/instant he graduated from college.
(4)He devoted himself to the cause of education immediately/directly/instantly he graduated from college.
(5)No_sooner/Hardly/Scarcely had he graduated from college than/when he devoted himself to the cause of education.
3．In desperation, Doyle killed off the famous detective in a novel published in 1893 so that he could focus on his “serious” writing.[教材P4]
绝望之下，道尔在一部出版于1893 年的小说中杀死了这位著名的侦探，以便可以专注于他的“严肃”写作。
句式解构
本句中的“so that he could... writing”为so that引导的目的状语从句。
归纳拓展
1 so that 引导目的状语从句时，表示“以便，为了”，相当于in order that，从句中常含有may、might、can、could 等情态动词，表明动作尚未发生。
2 so that 还可以引导结果状语从句，表示“因此，所以”，从句中通常不用情态动词，从句时态表明动作已经发生。
佳句背诵
①All of us worked hard so that we could pass the exam.
为了通过考试，我们都努力学习。
②He got up very early so that he caught the early bus.
他起得很早，所以赶上了早班公共汽车。
巧学活用
完成句子
(1)Let's not pick these peaches until this weekend so_that(以便) they get sweet enough to be eaten.
(2)Nothing more was heard from him so_that(所以) we began to wonder if he was dead.
4．So，whatever twists and turns you might encounter, take a leaf out of the books of these two authors and be prepared for the unexpected.[教材P4]
因此，无论你可能遇到什么样的波折，都要以这两位作者为榜样，为意想不到的事情做好准备。
句式解构
本句中的“whatever twists and turns you might encounter”为whatever引导的让步状语从句。
归纳拓展
whatever 引导让步状语从句，意为“无论什么”，相当于no matter what。wh ever 这类词引导让步状语从句时，通常可以转换成“no matter＋相应的疑问词”。
佳句背诵
Whatever/No matter what happens, I'll stand by you.
无论发生什么，我都会支持你。
whatever、whoever、whichever 还可以引导名词性从句，此时不能转换为“no matter＋疑问词”。
You may choose whatever you like.你可以选你喜欢的任何东西。
巧学活用
完成句子
(1)Whatever/No_matter_what_happens(无论发生什么事), what we should do first is to keep calm.
(2)Whatever/No_matter_what_you_like(无论你喜欢什么), jogging is my favourite.
(3)Your support is important to our work，whatever/no_matter_what_you_can_do(无论你能做什么)．
(4)We promise whoever_attends_the_party(任何参加宴会的人) a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star.
达标　练案
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Bullfighting(斗牛) is a must for those who pay a visit to Spain.
2．The old woman wears a skirt with black dots(小圆点)．
3．Detectives(侦探) are appealing for witnesses who may have seen anything suspicious.
4．He makes the best of his spare time to practice in order to realise his ambition(抱负)．
5．I'd rather study history because I can learn a lot from many historical(历史上的) figures.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．He is so courageous that he always keeps calm in the face of danger.
2．Ultimately(ultimate), he was admitted into the ideal university he has been dreaming of.
3．New technologies have made it possible to turn out its availability faster.
4．It is high time for us to take effective measures to_save(save) water, which is essential to our life.
5．The key to happiness is to be grateful to the good things in life and to focus on goals.
Ⅲ.单句写作
1．一回到家，她就开始干起了家务。
On/Upon_returning_home,_she set out to do housework.
2．我们非常感谢你在我们遇到困难时及时帮助我们。
We greatly appreciate you giving us a timely hand when we were_in_the_face_of_trouble.
3．在场的人都确信一切都会好起来的。
All people present were sure that all_things_would_turn_out_fine.
4．外面有很大的吵闹声，我不能专心学习。
With the noise going on outside, I couldn't_focus_my_attention_on_my_study.
5．我们现在必须采取有效措施来防止污染恶化。
We must take_effective_action/steps/measures_to prevent pollution from becoming worse.
课时作业(一)　Section Ⅰ　Starting out & Understanding ideas
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Tony approached(接近) Julia, touched her shoulder and kissed her on the cheek.
2．Can you give me a guarantee(保证) that the work will be finished on time
3．Her ambition(理想) is to become part of the national team for the next Paralympic Games.
4．It is interesting to contrast(比较) the British legal system with the American one.
5．He has devoted (献身) all his life to discovering a cure for AIDS.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．The role, who wanted to be a lawyer in this film was ambitious(ambition)．
2．The place is established for its historical(history) heritage.
3．When you are distracted, you cannot focus on a task, or achieve your goals.
4．The company promised to_take(take) action on the committee's recommendations immediately.
5．On arriving(arrive) home, Jack phoned his father and told him his plan for his future study.
Ⅲ.单句写作
1．无论付出什么代价，我们都要采取措施阻止污染。
Whatever_the_cost_is,_we shall take action to stop pollution.
2．如果你想成为一名医生， 我认为你首先得获得大学医学学位。
If you are_to_become_a_doctor,_I think you first should win a college degree in medicine.
3．一意识到危险，他就立即采取积极的措施来应对。
On_sensing_the_danger,_he immediately took active action to face it.
4．总统被迫辞职。
The President was_forced_to_resign.
5．我应当效仿我的爸爸，自己创业。
I should_take_a_leaf_out_of_my_father's_book and start my own business.
Ⅳ.完形填空
On Oct. 11, hundreds of runners competed in a cross country race in Minnesota. Melanie Bailey should have __1__ the course earlier than she did. Her __2__ came because she was carrying a __3__ across the finish line.
As reported by a local newspaper, Bailey was more than two thirds of the way through her __4__ when a runner in front of her began crying in pain. She __5__ to help her fellow runner, Danielle Lenoue. Bailey took her arm to see if she could walk forward with __6__. She couldn't. Bailey then __7__ to let Lenoue climb onto her back and carried her all the way to the finish line, then another 300 feet to where Lenoue could get __8__ attention.
Once there, Lenoue was __9__ and later taken to a hospital, where she learned that she had serious injuries in one of her knees. She would have struggled with extreme __10__ to make it to that aid checkpoint without Bailey's help.
As for Bailey, she is more __11__ about why her act is considered a big __12__. “She was just crying. I couldn't __13__ her，” Bailey told the reporter. “I feel like I was just doing the right thing.”
Although the two young women were strangers before the __14__， they've since become friends. Neither won the race, but the __15__ of human kindness won the day.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了在明尼苏达州举行的一次越野赛中，梅兰妮·贝莉背着另一个参赛者丹妮尔·勒诺过终点线并接受医疗检查的善行义举。
1．A.designed　　　　　 B．followed
C．changed D．finished
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：梅兰妮·贝莉本应该更早完成比赛。A.designed设计；B.followed跟随；C.changed改变；D.finished完成。根据下一段的“carried her all the way to the finish line, then another 300 feet to where Lenoue could get __8__ attention”可知，贝莉因为在比赛中背一名受伤的参赛者，所以完成比赛晚了。故选D项。
答案：D
2．A.delay B．chance
C．trouble D．excuse
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：她的延迟是因为她背着一名竞争对手冲过终点线。A.delay延误；B.chance机会；C.trouble麻烦；D.excuse借口。根据上一题的解析可知，贝莉本应该更早完成比赛，但因为她背着一名竞争对手冲过终点线所以延迟了。故选A项。
答案：A
3．A.judge B．volunteer
C．classmate D．competitor
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意同上题。A.judge裁判；B.volunteer志愿者；C.classmate同学；D.competitor参赛者。根据第二段的“when a runner in front of her began crying in pain”和“carried her all the way to the finish line”可知，贝莉背着一名参赛者冲过了终点线。故选D项。
答案：D
4．A.race B．school
C．town D．training
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：据当地一家报纸报道，当贝莉完成了赛程三分之二多的时候，她前面的一名选手开始痛苦地哭泣。A.race比赛；B.school学校；C.town城镇；D.training训练。根据第一段的“hundreds of runners competed in a cross country race”可知，贝莉正在参加越野赛。故选A项。
答案：A
5．A.agreed B．returned
C．stopped D．promised
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：她停下来帮助她的同行跑步者丹妮尔·勒诺。A.agreed同意；B.returned回来；C.stopped停止；D.promised答应。根据下文“to help her fellow runner”可知，贝莉停下来帮助同行跑步者丹妮尔·勒诺。故选C项。
答案：C
6．A.courage B．aid
C．patience D．advice
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：贝莉扶着她的胳膊，看她能否在帮助下向前走。A.courage勇气；B.aid帮助；C.patience耐心；D.advice建议。根据上文“Bailey took her arm”可知，贝莉扶着勒诺的胳膊，看看在贝莉的帮助下勒诺是否能够行走。故选B项。
答案：B
7．A.went away B．stood up
C．stepped aside D．bent down
解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：然后贝莉弯下腰，让勒诺爬到她的背上，一路背着她走到终点线，然后又走了300英尺到勒诺能接受治疗的地方。A.went away离开； B．stood up站起来；C.stepped aside让路；D.bent down弯腰。根据下文“let Lenoue climb onto her back”可知，贝莉弯下腰，让勒诺爬到她的背上。故选D项。
答案：D
8．A.medical B．public
C．constant D．equal
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上题。A.medical医疗的；B.public公众的；C.constant连续不断的；D.equal平等的。根据上文“began crying in pain”和“She couldn't.”可知，勒诺需要接受治疗。故选A项。
答案：A
9．A.interrupted B．assessed
C．identified D．appreciated
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：勒诺在那里接受了检查，后来被送往医院，在那里她得知自己的一个膝盖受了重伤。A.interrupted打断；B.assessed评估；C.identified识别；D.appreciated感激。根据下文“later taken to a hospital”可知，勒诺接受检查之后被送往了医院，也就是先接受评估。故选B项。
答案：B
10．A.hunger B．pain
C．cold D．tiredness
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果没有贝莉的帮助，她可能会在极度的痛苦中挣扎着到达那个援助检查站。A.hunger饥饿；B.pain疼痛；C.cold感冒；D.tiredness疲劳。根据上文“began crying in pain”可知，勒诺受伤时非常痛苦，如果贝莉没有背她，她只能自己承受疼痛去援助检查站。故选B项。
答案：B
11．A.worried B．ashamed
C．confused D．discouraged
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：至于贝莉，她更困惑的是为什么她的行为被认为是一件大事。A.worried担心的；B.ashamed惭愧的；C.confused困惑的；D.discouraged泄气的。根据下文“I feel like I was just doing the right thing.”可知，贝莉觉得自己只是做了正确的事情，所以她对她的行为被认为是一件大事感到困惑。故选C项。
答案：C
12．A.game B．problem
C．lesson D．deal
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意同上题。A.game游戏；B.problem问题；C.lesson课；D.deal交易，局面。a big deal意为“一件非常重要的事”，符合语境。故选D项。
答案：D
13．A.leave B．cure
C．bother D．understand
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不能离开。A.leave离开；B.cure治愈；C.bother打扰；D.understand理解。根据上文“She was just crying.”和贝莉一路背着勒诺到终点线，可知，贝莉看见勒诺受伤哭泣，所以觉得不能就那么离开。故选A项。
答案：A
14．A.ride B．test
C．meet D．show
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然这两个年轻女子在那场体育比赛之前是陌生人，但后来她们成了朋友。A.ride短途旅程；B.test测试；C.meet体育比赛；D.show展示。根据第一段的“hundreds of runners competed in a cross country race”和设空处“the two young women were strangers”可知，这两个年轻女子越野赛之前是陌生人。故选C项。
答案：C
15．A.secret B．display
C．benefit D．exchange
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：两人都没有赢得比赛，但展示出的人类善良赢得了胜利。A.secret秘密；B.display展示；C.benefit利益；D.exchange交换。根据上文贝莉背着受伤的勒诺过终点线，并背她去接受检查，这展示了人类的善良。故选B项。
答案：B
Ⅴ.语法填空
A material can be really special when it was named after the place where it 1.________(create) originally. That's certainly the case 2.________ “china”. And of all types of china, white porcelain(瓷) is among the most famous.
Nowadays, the 3.________(tradition) material has taken on a modern look in the 4.________(hand) of four Chinese artists in the Modern White Porcelain Exhibition. And the key word here is “modern”．One of the works 5.________(be) a porcelain boat. But look 6.________(attentive) and you'll see that the boat 7.________(build) with porcelain looks like a takeout box. Inside the boat is a statue of a baby. The baby stands for humans and the boat is 8.________ supports life. It suggests we may have done some damage to 9.________ environment and that we're treating life like fast food.
All the four artists gave white porcelain a model style, each in 10.________(they) own way. And this is what the exhibition's theme comes from. It's a dialogue between the past and the present.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国瓷器中最有名的白瓷以及在瓷器展上的一件作品。
1．解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。 it指代前面名词material，与动词create之间为被动关系。结合前面的谓语was named after与副词originally可知，此处表达的是过去的动作，应用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was created。
答案：was created
2．解析：考查介词。the case with...意为“……的情况正是如此”，是固定搭配。故填with。
答案：with
3．解析：考查词性转换。设空处作定语修饰名词material，应用所给单词的形容词形式traditional。故填traditional。
答案：traditional
4．解析：考查名词的数。hand是可数名词，根据下文“of four Chinese artists”可知，此处应用名词复数。故填hands。
答案：hands
5．解析：考查主谓一致。主语是one of the works，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填is。
答案：is
6．解析：考查词性转换。设空处作状语修饰动词look，应用所给单词的副词形式。故填attentively。
答案：attentively
7．解析：考查非谓语动词。设空处作定语修饰前面名词boat，动词build与boat之间为动宾关系，应用过去分词。故填built。
答案：built
8．解析：考查表语从句。所填词引导表语从句，且在从句中作主语，表示“……的事物”，应用连接代词what。故填what。
答案：what
9．解析：考查冠词。the environment指自然环境、生态环境。故填the。
答案：the
10．解析：考查代词。设空处作定语修饰名词way，应用形容词性物主代词their。故填their。
答案：their
Section Ⅱ　Using language
时态
语法　讲习
1．一般现在时
(1)表示经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用，如often、always、usually、sometimes、seldom、every day 等。
He often takes part in after class activities.他经常参加课外活动。
(2)表示现在的情况或状态。
She lives in a small apartment.她住在一套小公寓里。
(3)表示客观事实或普遍真理，也用在格言中。
The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.太阳东升西落。
Pride goes before a fall.骄兵必败。
(4)表示按计划或时间表示将要发生的动作。
The plane takes off at 4 p．m.飞机于下午四点起飞。
(5)在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中代替一般将来时。
I'll tell her when she comes tomorrow.她明天来我就告诉她。
2．现在进行时
(1)表示说话时正在进行的动作，常与now、right now、at this moment、at present 等时间状语连用。
It is snowing outside at present.外面正在下雪。
(2)表示现阶段正在进行的动作。
Nancy is writing a book about herself.南希在写一本关于她自己的书。
(3)表示按计划或安排将要发生的动作或马上就要发生的动作，有此用法的动词有go、come、leave、arrive、begin、stop 等。
The Browns are coming to dinner.布朗夫妇要来吃晚饭。
Keep calm, please. I'm arriving.请保持镇静。我马上就到。
(4)现在进行时与always、forever、constantly等连用时，常带有不满、厌烦或赞扬等感彩。
She is always helping others.她总是爱帮助别人。
He is constantly disturbing me.他总是不停地打扰我。
3．一般过去时
(1)表示过去某个特定时间发生的动作或存在的状态。
He passed up a good chance to get promoted last year.去年他错失了一个升职的好机会。
(2)表示过去某一段时间内经常性或习惯性的动作。
When I was in college, I often went to the school library.当我上大学时，我经常去校图书馆。
(3)在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中代替过去将来时。
They said they would let us know if they heard any news about him.他们说如果听到关于他的任何消息，他们就通知我们。
有些句子虽然没有给出明确表示过去的时间状语，但实际上是指过去发生的动作或存在的状态，也要用一般过去时，需根据语境或句意等推测。
I didn't know you were in Paris.我不知道你在巴黎。
4．过去进行时
(1)表示在过去某一时刻或某段时间内正在进行的动作。
When I saw him he was reading a historical novel.当我看见他的时候，他正在读一本历史小说。
We were watching TV from seven to nine last night.昨天晚上7 点到9 点我们在看电视。
(2)表示过去将要发生的动作，有此用法的动词有go、come、leave、start 等。
He told us he was leaving for Beijing the next day.他告诉我们他第二天要去北京。
(3)用于“... was/were doing＋when＋一般过去时”句式中，表示一个动作正在进行，这时另一个动作发生了。
Tom was reading a book in his study when his sister came in.汤姆正在书房看书时，他的妹妹进来了。
5．现在完成时
(1)表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，常与already、just、yet、before、recently、so far、never 等连用。
I have already finished all the work.我已经做完了所有的工作。
(2)表示过去的某一动作或状态一直持续到现在，并有可能继续下去，常与时间状语all the time、all my life、up to now、so far、in the past/last few years、(ever) since then、since last year、(ever) since、for a long time 等连用。
I have lived in this city all my life.我一辈子都住在这座城市。
They worked together in the 1990s, and have kept in contact ever since.他们在20 世纪90 年代曾一起工作，自那时起就一直保持着联系。
6．过去完成时
(1)表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成的动作。此时态表示这个动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”，这一“过去时间”可用by、before 等构成的短语及when、before、after、until 等引导的从句表示或通过上下文判断。
By nine o'clock last night, we had got 200 letters.到昨晚9点钟，我们已经收到200封信。
(2)表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到过去另一时间的动作，常与for、since 构成的表示一段时间的短语或since 引导的时间状语从句连用。
I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came.当车终于来了的时候，我在车站已经等了20 分钟。
(3)表示“打算、计划、希望、认为”的动词，如plan、want、mean、intend、hope、wish、think 等，用于过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的打算、愿望或意图。
They had wanted to help but could not get there in time.他们本想去帮忙，但没有及时赶到那里。
(4)在表示“一……就……”的句式中，如hardly/scarcely... when...、no sooner... than...等，含hardly/scarcely、no sooner 的主句常用过去完成时，且当hardly、scarcely、no sooner 置于句首时，句子要用部分倒装。
She had hardly gone to bed when the doorbell rang.她刚上床睡觉门铃就响了。
No sooner had we arrived than it started to rain.我们刚到，天就开始下雨了。
7．现在完成进行时
(1)表示从过去某时开始一直延续到现在，并且有可能继续下去的动作。此用法中的动词多为延续性动词，并常与all the time、this week、this month、all night、all morning、recently 等状语以及since 或for后跟一段时间的状语连用。
She has been playing tennis since she was eight.她自8 岁以来就一直打网球。
I have been learning English since three years ago.自从三年前我就一直在学英语。
(2)表示重复的动作，常指断断续续，而非一直不停。
You have been saying for a year that you will study abroad.出国留学的事你都说了一年了。
现在完成时往往强调动作的完成，现在完成进行时则强调动作的延续。
He has written a letter.他写了一封信。 (信已写好)
He has been writing a letter.他一直在写一封信。 (信仍然在写)
8．一般将来时
(1)will/shall do 表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态，或表示一种倾向或预测。
I will come back in ten minutes.我10 分钟后回来。
This time next week I shall be in Scotland.下周这个时候我就在苏格兰了。
(2)be going to do 表示事先考虑过的将要发生的动作，或已有迹象表明将要发生某事，意为“打算；就要”。
We are going to meet outside the school gate.我们打算在校门口见面。
It is going to rain soon.很快就要下雨了。
(3)表示位置转移的动词，如go、come、leave、start、arrive 等，可以用现在进行时表示按计划或安排将要发生的动作。
They are leaving for Beijing.他们即将前往北京。
(4)一般现在时表示将来
①按照计划或时间表示将要发生的动作。
The new term starts on September 1st.新学期将于9 月1 日开学。
②在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来。
When she goes to school, I will tell you.
她去上学时我会告诉你的。
(5)be to do 结构表示按照约定、职责、义务或要求等即将发生的动作。
He is to visit Japan next year.明年他将访问日本。
(6)be about to do 结构表示马上就要发生的动作，不强调主观意图，不能与具体的时间状语连用。
Be quiet! The lecture is about to start.安静！讲座马上就要开始了。
9．过去将来时
表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作或存在的状态，常用于主句是一般过去时的宾语从句中，表示从句的动作发生在主句动作之后。过去将来时与一般将来时类似，除了用would do 表示外，还可以用was/were going to、was/were to do、was/were about to do 及过去进行时等表示。
I said I would arrange everything.我说我会安排一切的。
I was going to run this morning, but overslept.我本来打算今天早晨跑步的，但睡过头了。
Mr Green was leaving for London a few hours later.格林先生几个小时之后就要去伦敦了。
达标　练案
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．A few months after he had arrived in China, Mr Smith fell(fall) in love with the people and culture there.
2．Of the nineteen recognised polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six are(be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
3．I don't see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I have_made(make) over the years.
4．He hoped that the students would_keep(keep) hungry for knowledge and develop their national spirit.
5．I will_write(write) to you as soon as I get to Shanghai.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．Jack had_been_suffering_from_a_bad_cold(一直患重感冒) before he came to Beijing.
2．He said that he had_been_doing_his_homework(一直在做作业) and had not finished yet.
3．Mary had_left_her_keys_in_the_office(把钥匙忘在了办公室里) so she had to wait outside until her husband came home.
4．As time goes on, we_shall_know_more_and_more(我们会知道的越来越多)．
5．He is_trying_his_best_to_solve_the_problems(正在努力解决问题) that appeared in production.
课时作业(二) 　Section Ⅱ　Using language
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．He wept with joy when he received the admission(录取) notice.
2．Your participation(参与) in the debate would be welcome.
3．Mozambique became independent(独立的) in 1975 after a long struggle.
4．The European Union has proposed new regulations(条例) to control the working hours of its employees.
5．It is crucial(至关重要的) that we get this right.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．When every pupil in the school wears the uniform, nobody will_have/has(have) to worry about fashion.
2．Our hosts shared many of their experiences and recommended(recommend) wonderful places to eat, shop and visit.
3．Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, proud Irene declared(declare) she had no plans to retire from her 36 year old business.
4．For more than 50 years, travellers have_been_using(use) the international driver's license to travel in foreign countries.
5．Doctors and scientists have_learned(learn) a great deal about sleep in the last thirty years.
Ⅲ.阅读理解
The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism, including a detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works, and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it's right for you.
To do so, I divided the book into two parts. In part one, I describe the philosophical foundations of digital minimalism, starting with an examination of the forces that are making so many people's digital lives increasingly intolerable, before moving on to a detailed discussion of the digital minimalism philosophy.
Part one concludes by introducing my suggested method for adopting this philosophy: the digital declutter. This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days. At the end of the thirty days, you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value.
In the final chapter of part one, I'll guide you through carrying out your own digital declutter. In doing so, I'll draw on an experiment I ran in 2018 in which over 1,600 people agreed to perform a digital declutter. You'll hear these participants' stories and learn what strategies worked well for them, and what traps they encountered that you should avoid.
The second part of this book takes a closer look at some ideas that will help you cultivate(培养) a sustainable digital minimalism lifestyle. In these chapters, I examine issues such as the importance of solitude(独处) and the necessity of cultivating high quality leisure to replace the time most now spend on mindless device use. Each chapter concludes with a collection of practices, which are designed to help you act on the big ideas of the chapter. You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that words for your particular circumstances.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了数字极简主义生活方式的优点，倡导简单的数字生活方式。
1．What is the book aimed at
A．Teaching critical thinking skills.
B．Advocating a simple digital lifestyle.
C．Solving philosophical problems.
D．Promoting the use of a digital device.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段“The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism, including a detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works, and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it's right for you.”可知，这本书的目的是倡导简单的数字生活方式。故选B项。
答案：B
2．What does the underlined word “declutter” in Paragraph 3 mean
A．Clear up. B．Add on.
C．Check in. D．Take over.
解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词下文“This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days. At the end of the thirty days, you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value.”可知，作者提出的方法是对在线活动进行清理和挑选。由此推知，画线词意为“清理”。故选A项。
答案：A
3．What is presented in the final chapter of part one
A．Theoretical models.
B．Statistical methods.
C．Practical examples.
D．Historical analyses.
解析：推理判断题。通过第四段中的“In the final chapter of part one, I'll guide you through carrying out your own digital declutter. In doing so, I'll draw on an experiment I ran in 2018 in which over 1,600 people agreed to perform a digital declutter.”可知，第一部分的最后一章介绍了实验与数字清理的实际例子。故选C项。
答案：C
4．What does the author suggest readers do with the practices offered in part two
A．Use them as needed.
B．Recommend them to friends.
C．Evaluate their effects.
D．Identify the ideas behind them.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that words for your particular circumstances.”可知，作者建议读者根据需要与实际情况使用第二部分中提及的实践。故选A项。
答案：A
Ⅳ.七选五
Many people struggle with saying “No”．__1__ Remember, just because you can do something does not mean it is required. Understand you always have a right to turn down an invitation or refuse a favor and figure out the best ways to say “No”．Here are some specific tips.
Give yourself permission to say no. Many people have an immediate reaction to say “Yes” when they're asked to do someone a favor. Keep in mind, you are never required to say “Yes”. It's actually okay to say “No” sometimes. Accept this as you prepare to say “No” to someone. __2__
Set up your personal boundaries.__3__ However, that reason does not have to be concrete. Many people think if they can do something, they should. Your reason for saying “No” can be a simple matter of your own personal boundaries. Think about what boundaries you have, and accept the fact you're allowed to stay true to them.
__4__ People often won't take “No” for an answer. If you say “No” to someone, they may give you various reasons to try and change your mind. Stay determined for your decision and do not give in easily.
Practice saying “No”. It may sound silly, but you can actually practice saying “No” alone. __5__ Practice giving a firm “No” to someone so you get comfortable with the words. Many people are nervous about saying “No” and may say “Yes” due to anxiety. Practicing can help get rid of some of this anxiety.
A．This will help you say “No” with ease.
B．Be aware of potential persuasion techniques.
C．Find a good chance to stand in front of a crowd.
D．It's always easier to say “No” if you have a reason.
E．Try standing before a mirror and looking at yourself.
F．It's rather easy for you to set up your personal boundaries.
G．If someone asks you a favor, you may feel you have to say “Yes”．
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了对他人说“不”的一些方法。
1．解析：根据上文“Many people struggle with saying ‘No’．”表示“许多人很难说‘不’”可知，表示“如果有人请你帮忙，你可能会觉得你必须说‘是’”的G项符合上下文语境，struggle和 have to是关联词。故选G项。
答案：G
2．解析：根据上文“Keep in mind... to say ‘No’ to someone.”可知，A项符合上下文语境，This指代you are never required to say “Yes”。故选A项。
答案：A
3．解析：根据下文“However, that reason does not have to be concrete.”可知，D项符合上下文语境，reason是原词复现。故选D项。
答案：D
4．解析：根据下文“If you say ‘No’．.. your mind.”可知，B项符合本段的主题，change your mind和persuasion techniques是关联词。故选B项。
答案：B
5．解析：根据主题句“Practice saying ‘No’．”可知，E项符合上下文说明练习方式的语境。故选E项。
答案：E
Ⅴ.应用文写作
假定你是李华，你的英国笔友Tom 邀请你下周去他们学校参加文化交流活动，并向外国朋友介绍中国的传统绘画，但你忙于准备高考，不得不谢绝。请根据下面要点用英语写一封信，内容包括：
1．谢绝邀请及理由；
2．推荐朋友Mary参加，并说明原因。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
Dear Tom，
Thank you very much for your invitation. I'd like to accept it and take this opportunity to introduce the traditional Chinese painting to foreign friends, but I'm sorry to inform you that I can't.
The reason is that I am busy preparing myself for the coming College Entrance Examination. I strongly recommend my friend Mary, who is the most suitable choice to take my place next week. She began to learn painting at an early age and has a good knowledge of the traditional Chinese painting, which, together with her active personality and perfect spoken English, will help to make your activity a success.
Sorry again for any inconvenience caused by my absence.
Best wishes.
Yours，
Li Hua
Section Ⅲ　Developing ideas
原文　呈现
The Road Not Taken
Two roads (1)diverged in a yellow wood，
And sorry I could not travel both
And be one traveler, long I stood
And (2)looked down one (3)as far as I could
To where it bent in the (4)undergrowth；
Then took the other, as just as fair，
And having perhaps the better claim，
Because it was (5)grassy and wanted wear；
Though (6)as for that, the passing there
Had worn them really about the same，
And both that morning equally lay
In leaves no step had trodden black.
Oh, I kept the first for another day!
Yet knowing how way leads on to way，
I doubted if I should ever come back.
I shall be telling this (7)with a sigh
Somewhere ages and ages hence：
Two roads diverged in a wood, and I—
I took the one less traveled by，
And that has (8)made all the difference.
读文　清障
(1)diverge v．(两条路)岔开，分开
(2)look down 俯视；向下看
(3)as far as 远到；就……而言
(4)undergrowth n．(长在大树下或周边的) 下木层，下层灌木丛
(5)grassy adj.长满草的
(6)as for 关于；至于
(7)with a sigh 叹息
(8)make all the difference 大不相同；关系重大
未选择的路
黄色的树林里分出两条路，
可惜我不能同时去涉足，
我在那路口久久伫立，
我向着一条路极目望去，
直到它消失在丛林深处。
但我却选了另外一条路，
它荒草萋萋，十分幽寂，
显得更诱人、更美丽；
虽然在这条小路上，
很少留下旅人的足迹。
那天清晨落叶满地，
两条路都未经脚印污染。
啊，留下一条路等改日再见！
但我知道路径延绵无尽头，
恐怕我难以再回返。
也许多少年后在某个地方，
我将轻声叹息将往事回顾；
一片树林里分出两条路——
而我选择了人迹更少的一条，
从此决定了我一生的道路。
原文　呈现
(9)Lines from the poem The Road Not Taken are often (10)quoted in speeches of all kinds. The poem has (11)been set to music by (12)a number of artists and used in (13)numerous television (14)commercials. It has in fact become one of the most famous American poems of all time, (15)not only because of its natural style, but also because of its (16)thoughtful (17)insights into human nature.,
读文　清障
(9)line n．诗行；线；行
(10)quote vt.引用
(11)be set to music 被配上音乐
(12)a number of 许多；大量
(13)numerous adj.许多的，很多的
(14)commercial n．(电视或电台的)商业广告
(15)not only... but also... 不但……而且……
(16)thoughtful adj.认真思考的，深思的
(17)insight n．理解；洞察力
《未选择的路》中的诗句经常在各种演讲中被引用。这首诗已经被许多艺术家谱成曲，并被运用于大量的电视广告中。事实上，它已经成为美国有史以来最著名的诗歌之一，这不仅是因为它的自然风格，也因为它对人性的深刻理解。
原文　呈现
When reading The Road Not Taken, one (18)cannot help but see in one's mind images of a peaceful wood deep within the countryside. Paths in the woods are often used to (19)symbolize how our lives (20)progress and change. The lines “Two roads diverged in a yellow wood, /And sorry I could not travel both” (21)give us a visual representation of the choices 【1】that_we_face_and_the_decisions_that_we_need_to_make. Life throws many (22)alternatives at us (23)on a daily basis. These (24)range from the basic “What should I wear today？” to the key issues of 【2】what_subject_to_study_at_university_or_what_job_to_do_after_graduation. Of course, the greatest (25)dilemmas (26)arise from (27)moral problems, when we are uncertain which choice (28)results in doing the right thing.
读文　清障
(18)cannot help but do 不得不做
(19)symbolize v．象征，代表
(20)progress v．进步；进展
(21)give sb. a visual representation of... 让某人直观地感受到……
(22)alternative n．可供选择的事物
(23)on a daily basis 每日；每天
(24)range from... to... 从……到……范围内
(25)dilemma n．进退两难的境地，困境
(26)arise v．(由……)引起
(27)moral adj.有关道德的；道义上的
(28)result in 导致
【1】两个that都引导定语从句，分别修饰choices和decisions。
【2】两个what引导的宾语从句，作of的宾语。
在阅读《未选择的路》时，人们会不由自主地在自己的脑海中看到一片乡村深处宁静的树林。林间小路经常被用来象征我们生活的进步和变化。诗句“黄色的树林里分出两条路，可惜我不能同时去涉足”给了我们一个面临的选择和需要做出的决定的视觉再现。生活每天向我们抛出很多选择，包括从“今天我该穿什么衣服？”这样的基本问题到在大学学什么专业或毕业后做什么工作这样的关键问题。当然，最大的困境来自当我们不确定哪种选择会导致做正确的事情时的道德问题。　
原文　呈现
Whether big or small, 【3】what all our choices (29)have in common is that they (30)lead to (31)specific (32)consequences. Once we make a decision, in most (33)circumstances, there is no going back. Although the writer of the poem considers taking the other path another day, he knows it's unlikely that he will ever (34)have the opportunity to do so. Like the writer, all 【4】we_can_do is look backwards “with a sigh” and imagine what could have been.
读文　清障
(29)have... in common 有……共同之处
(30)lead to 导致
(31)specific adj.明确的；具体的
(32)consequence n．结果；后果
(33)circumstance n．情况，情形
(34)have the opportunity to do sth. 有机会做某事
【3】what引导的主语从句。
【4】省略了关系代词that的定语从句，修饰all。　　　
无论大小，我们所有的选择都有一个共同点，那就是它们会导致特定的后果。在大多数情况下，我们一旦做了决定，就没有回头路可走了。尽管这首诗的作者考虑改日再走另外一条路，但他知道自己不太可能有机会这样做了。就像作者一样，我们所能做的只有在回首往事时“轻声叹息”，想象一下本来可以是什么样的。
原文　呈现
This sigh, this wondering whether we made the right choice, is understandable. 【5】Although we may be free to choose which path to take, this choice isn't easy when those two paths (35)look similar. 【6】_Presented_with_two_job_offers,_(36)for instance, we may wonder exactly what it is we're choosing between. (37)What if, in choosing one, we are unknowingly (38)turning down other future opportunities Will we ever even find out whether we made the right choice？
读文　清障
(35)look similar 看起来相似
(36)for instance 例如
(37)what if... 要是……该怎么办
(38)turn down 拒绝
【5】Although 引导让步状语从句；when 引导时间状语从句。
【6】过去分词短语作条件状语。
这声叹息，这种想知道我们是否做出了正确的选择 的感受 ，是可以理解的。虽然我们可以自由选择走哪条路，但是当这两条路看起来很相似时，这个选择就不那么容易了。比如，面对两个工作机会，我们可能想知道自己到底在其中选择什么。如果我们选择了一个机会，就会不知不觉地拒绝了其他未来的机会怎么办呢？我们甚至能否发现我们是否做出了正确的选择呢。
原文　呈现
Ultimately, the road (39)ahead—the road through our lives—is a (40)mixture of choice and chance. And when we are (41)approaching the end of that road, how will we remember the journey How will we (42)look back on our lives In the poem, the writer doubts his choice, thinking that in the future “ages and ages hence”， he may (43)claim that he took the “less traveled” road. Some of us do take a more unusual path through life, and while it may be a harder one to follow, it can also lead to new (44)adventures and experiences. (45)Nonetheless, part of the art of decision making is learning to (46)make the most of our decisions. (47)Instead of looking back (48)with regret, we should be facing our future (49)with energy and optimism, for the choices are ours, and ours only.
读文　清障
(39)ahead adv.在前面
(40)mixture n．混合；混合体
(41)approach vt.接近；靠近
n．方法
(42)look back on 回顾；回想
(43)claim vt.声称；宣称
(44)adventure n．冒险，冒险经历；奇遇
(45)nonetheless adv.尽管如此；但是
(46)make the most of 充分利用
(47)instead of 代替；而不是
(48)with regret 遗憾地
(49)with energy 充满活力地
最终，前方的路——贯穿我们一生的道路——是一种选择和机遇的混合。当我们接近那条道路的终点时，我们将如何记住这段旅程？我们将如何回顾我们的一生？在这首诗中，作者对自己的选择持怀疑态度，认为会在“多少年后的”未来，他可能会声称自己选择了一条“人迹更少”的路。我们中的许多人确实在人生道路上选择了一条更不平常的路，虽然这条路可能更难走，它也可能会带来新的冒险和经历。尽管如此，做决定的艺术之一就是学会充分利用我们的决定。我们不应该遗憾地回顾过去，而应该充满活力和乐观地面对我们的未来。因为选择是我们的，而且只能是我们的。
基础　自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．This training center offers numerous(许多的) benefits to learners ranging from 8 to 16 years old.
2．He has no alternative(可供选择的事物) but to accept his parents' proposal to go abroad for further study.
3．A few questions have arisen(产生) in the president's brain after he heard the bad news.
4．No one can be a good teacher unless he has great affection(喜爱) towards his students.
5．He has more fluency(熟练) in English, which enables him to communicate with foreigners fluently.
Ⅱ.选词填空
1．Instead_of admitting his mistakes, he put the blame on others, as was often the case.
2．Although turned_down many times, he never lost heart in the job interview.
3．You can use any two in the numerous colors for_instance,_red and pink.
4．I was honoured to have_the_opportunity_to deliver a speech about how to learn English well.
5．Ultimately, a serious disagreement arose_from their quarrels and arguments.
Ⅲ.教材原句
1．“whether... or...”结构
Whether_big_or_small,_what all our choices have in common is that they lead to specific consequences.无论大小，我们所有的选择都有一个共同点，那就是它们会导致特定的后果。
2．不带to 的不定式(短语)作表语
Like the writer, all we can do is look_backwards “with a sigh” and imagine what could have been.就像作者一样，我们所能做的只有在回首往事时“轻声叹息”，想象一下本来可以是什么样的。
语篇　细研
根据课文选出最佳选项
1．From the first paragraph, we can conclude that ________.
A．the poem is famous because it describes the beauty of nature
B．the poem is very popular with people
C．the poem has close connection with commercials
D．the poem is the most famous American poem of all time
答案：B
2．When reading the poem, it ________.
A．makes people feel in a dilemma
B．makes people have an urge to make a choice
C．gives people a peaceful image in their minds
D．gets people to think about life
答案：C
3．Which of the following statements is TRUE
A．Our choices have the same consequences.
B．We can change our choice or decision as long as we want.
C．We choose one option and at the same time reject another opportunity.
D．When it's hard to make a choice, we can let others make the choice instead of us.
答案：C
4．What does “it” mean in the sentence “... it can also lead to new adventures and experiences.” in Paragraph 5
A．A more unusual path.
B．A new understanding of the poem.
C．Another understanding of life.
D．A way of making decisions.
答案：A
词汇　精讲
1．alternative n．可供选择的事物　adj.可替代的；非传统的，另类的
[教材P11]Life throws many alternatives at us on a daily basis.生活每天向我们抛出很多选择。
归纳(共66张PPT)
Unit 1　Looking forwards
综合微评(一)
(时间：90分钟　满分：120分)
2门世2有
3厚

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