资源简介

2025届高考英语模拟预测练习卷（全国甲卷）
一．完形填空（共1小题）
1．（2025 赤峰模拟）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
Yu Kongjian，one of China's most distinguished urban designers，can remember the day he nearly died in the river at the age of ten when he was swept into floodwaters.（1）　 　 ，banks of willows and reeds slowed the river's（2）　 　 ，allowing Yu to grab the vegetation and pull himself out.
It was a（n）（3）　 　 moment that would impact not only Yu's life，but the rest of China as well.He studied landscaping in Beijing and design at Harvard，returning to China in 1997.（4）　 　 by its outdated basic facilities，he（5）　 　 an urban design philosophy based on traditional Chinese concepts.
Yu（6）　 　 the sponge （海绵） city concept of managing floods.Unlike conventional flood control，Yu's（7）　 　 ，inspired by ancient Chinese farming techniques，emphasizes（8）　 　 rainfall and slowing down surface run﹣off （地表径流）.This method not only（9）　 　 flood pressure but also creates green spaces，parks，and animal habitats，while（10）　 　 water with plants removing polluting nutrients.
In 2015，the Chinese government（11）　 　 a plan and an ambitious goal：By 2030，80 percent of China's urban areas must have elements of a sponge city，and（12）　 　 at least 70% of rainfall.Some cities in Singapore，the United States and Russia have started employing similar（13）　 　
The sponge city is（14）　 　 for using natural processes to solve the city's problems，said sustainable design expert Dr.Nirmal Kishnani. "We have to find our way back to seeing ourselves as a part of（15）　 　 ."
（1）A.Gradually B.Immediately C.Eventually D.Fortunately
（2）A.expansion B.flow C.wave D.rise
（3）A.defining B.promising C.engaging D.alarming
（4）A.Excited B.Shocked C.Moved D.Embarrassed
（5）A.changed B.stopped C.questioned D.advocated
（6）A.made up for B.put up with C.came up with D.stood up for
（7）A.attitude B.approach C.discovery D.goal
（8）A.absorbing B.taking C.reducing D.wasting
（9）A.causes B.increases C.eases D.controls
（10）A.channeling B.pumping C.locking D.purifying
（11）A.canceled B.announced C.delayed D.revised
（12）A.recycle B.adjust C.analyze D.contain
（13）A.meaning B.business C.concepts D.activities
（14）A.common B.remarkable C.complex D.responsible
（15）A.society B.history C.nature D.culture
二．阅读理解（共4小题）
2．（2025 成都模拟） A honey bee's life depends on it successfully harvesting from flowers to make honey.Deciding which flower is most likely to offer nectar （花蜜） is incredibly difficult.In new research published recently，our team reports how bees make these complex decisions.
We challenged bees with a field of artificial flowers，each of which offered a tiny drop of sugar syrup.Different﹣colored "flowers" varied in their likelihood of offering sugar.We put tiny，harmless paint marks on the back of each bee，and filmed every visit a bee made to the flower array.We then used computer vision and machine learning to automatically draw and study the route on which bees flew through.From this information，we found bees very quickly learned to identify the most rewarding flowers.They quickly assessed whether to accept or reject a flower，but surprisingly they made correct decisions within 0.6 seconds while incorrect decisions took them 1.2 seconds on average.
The results and what we expected are poles apart.Usually in animals，an accurate decision takes longer than an inaccurate decision.This is called the speed﹣accuracy trade off，which happens because determining whether a decision is right or wrong usually depends on how much evidence we have to make that decision.More evidence means a more accurate decision，but gathering evidence takes time.So accurate decisions are usually slow and inaccurate decisions are faster.But bees only accepted a flower if，at a glance，they were sure it was rewarding.If they had any uncertainty，they rejected it.They might have missed some rewarding flowers，but they successfully focused their efforts only on the flowers with the best chance and best evidence of providing them with sugar.
The only other animals known to beat the speed﹣accuracy tradeoff are humans and primates.It's indeed amazing that bees seemed to be breaking this boundary.
（1）How did researchers get the result of the experiment？ 　 　
A．By observing bees in the wild.
B．By analyzing bees' flight paths.
C．By testing bees in different colors.
D．By comparing bees' food preference.
（2）What did the research find about bees？ 　 　
A．They could tell artificial flowers immediately.
B．They performed better in certain colored flowers.
C．They made right choices faster than the wrong ones.
D．They made more correct decisions than other species.
（3）What does the underlined phrase "poles apart" in paragraph 3 probably mean？ 　 　
A．Contrary.
B．Reasonable.
C．Essential.
D．Confusing.
（4）Why do bees beat the speed﹣accuracy tradeoff？ 　 　
A．They ignore uncertainties.
B．They gather evidence very fast.
C．They stay on the right track while flying.
D．They adopt a special decision﹣making mechanism.
3．（2025 长安区一模）Below is a housing guide for students going to London．
University accommodation （住所） offices Many university accommodation offices have their own list of registered landlords．Others also provide information on accommodation agencies and other housing organization．The advantage of using your university accommodation is that you can get support if you have a problem．The disadvantage is that they are unlikely to have enough registered landlords to house all their students． Property papers：Loot and Renting Loot is an important source of information about private housing for co﹣renters．The offers are from private landlords，agencies and individuals looking for other co﹣renters．They also have a website：www．loot．com．The advantage of using Loot is that there are some excellent bargains．The disadvantage is that there is no quality control over the offers． Renting is another useful paper．The offers in this paper are mainly from accommodation agencies．Their website is at www．renting．co．uk． Accommodation agencies The majority of rented accommodation in London is probably advertised through accommodation agencies．The advantage of using accommodation agencies is that you will have a large number of accommodations to choose from．A good agent will listen to your requirements and can save you time in looking for the right accommodation．The disadvantage is that they will make a range of charges to potential renters． Noticeboards Around the universities you will find a number of noticeboards where offers of accommodation will be posted．These will either be from landlords or from students．Some universities will also have online noticeboards where students can advertise to other students．Advertisements from students can be an excellent way to find accommodation．However，advertisements from landlords can be problematic． Word of mouth Some of the best housing in London is never advertised but is passed on from one group of students to another by word of mouth．It might be that you can find out about good offers from final year students．However，don't suppose that just because you have found out about housing from a friend，it is necessarily going to be better than that found through any other source． Family Faced with the very high rents charged in London，some students and their parents will consider buying as an alternative．In some cases this might be a good choice．
（1）What is the advantage of using Loot？ 　 　
A．It has more offers from accommodation agencies than Renting．
B．It gives you personal information about other co﹣renters．
C．Their website is designed mainly for students．
D．There are some good bargains．
（2）A good agent can help you 　 　 ．
A．know more people
B．find cheap accommodation
C．get the right accommodation quickly
D．get free information about most accommodations
（3）The information passed on by word of mouth is important because 　 　 ．
A．it is better than that found through any other source
B．it helps you find some of the best housing never advertised
C．the final year students always offer better information
D．the landlords have little valuable information
4．（2025 市中区校级二模）The seven teenagers hurried towards the airport gate.Italy's national under﹣16 swimming championship was taking place in Genoa and the boys were going to compete there.14﹣year﹣old Marco Sulis looked around for his teammates.Their coach sat near them.While preparing for take﹣off，the flight attendant began her routine safety briefing.Most of the passengers idled away the time engaging in chatting and eating.Although air crashes are alien to Marco，he，who perceived how vital the process was，would later remember all her words.
During the flight，as earlier instructed，he located the nearest emergency exit and made a mental note of the red handle behind a protective plastic shield.To open the door，one had to remove the plastic and pull the handle.
Located by mountains to the north，the airport is often beaten by strong winds.Flight 1553 was a short one.The sky that day was crystalline blue and visibility was perfect.
At two minutes to touchdown，the plane rocked，which was later found to be out of mechanical faults.Soon，it touched down unstably on two wheels.The captain attempted to reduce the airplane's speed by braking hard but it was no use.Slipping sideways，the plane rushed out into the sea at high speed.
Tons of water poured into the cabin.Passengers were shouting and rushing towards the emergency exit door.Marco watched people struggle with the door fruitlessly.
"Let me do it!" Marco yelled，leaping out of his seat.
Marco smashed the clear plastic with the palm of his hand.He grabbed the handle and pulled，using all the strength in his body.The emergency exit door finally swung open.However，the emergency door pinned Marco's leg down.Passengers passed Marco as they rushed out of the plane.Already soaking in water，Marco knew there was no time to waste.He pushed against the door as hard as he could and managed to free his leg.Marco exited from the plane finally and saw his coach and teammates bobbing in the waves.He began swimming towards the concrete pier（码头）.The others followed.
When they reached the pier，they were safe at last.Even though four people were killed in the accident，many more survived because of Marco.Marco just simply said， "All I did was to watch safety briefing."
（1）What drove Marco to remember the safety briefing？ 　 　
A．His previous experience of an air accident.
B．The prediction of the upcoming crash.
C．His realization of the importance.
D．The coach's compulsory requirement.
（2）Which of the following statements is TRUE？ 　 　
A．The weather condition was good for flying on the day of the accident.
B．Marco was the passenger sitting nearest to the emergency exit randomly.
C．The plane went wrong above in the sky because of the force of wind.
D．The pilot finally managed to slow down the plane with a timely brake.
（3）Why didn't Marco leave the plane as soon as the exit door was opened？ 　 　
A．Because he was blocked by other passengers.
B．Because one part of his body was stuck tight.
C．Because he was looking for his companions.
D．Because he was scared of the sea water outside.
（4）Which of the following can best describe Marco？ 　 　
A．Persistent and hardworking.
B．Ambitious and skillful.
C．Creative and considerate.
D．Alert and decisive.
5．（2025 泸州模拟） When I order food for delivery，I often play a little game，wondering how many sets of cutlery（餐具） the restaurant will include with my meal.More often than not，restaurants go overboard.They throw in two，three，or even four sets，even though I rarely need any.This extra cutlery either ends up in the trash or collecting dust in a kitchen drawer，which is such a waste.
Chinese tech giant Alibaba and its researchers came up with a simple solution to this common problem.Instead of mindlessly handing out cutlery，they made a change to their food﹣delivery app.In select cities in China，customers now have to choose how many sets of cutlery they actually want from the restaurant.And guess what？The default（默认） option is set to zero.The results，published in the journal Science，were astonishing.There was a whopping 648% increase in the number of orders with no cutlery requested.If this approach were rolled out across China，researchers estimated that it could save nearly 22 billion sets of plastic cutlery and reduce 3.26 million metric tons of plastic waste.
This study really opened my eyes.It shows that there are so many low﹣hanging fruits in our economy that can help cut waste and emissions.For Alibaba，this "nudge"to customers cost them nothing more than a few hours of software engineering time.But the impact？It was huge.
The concept of "nudging"is fascinating.Nudge theory suggests that small，subtle signals can encourage people to do the right thing.There's no need for strict policies that limit choices or economic punishments.For example，a restaurant could list healthy options at the top of the menu to nudge customers towards making healthier choices.
Some might see this study as just another example of putting the onus（责任） on consumers for environmental issues，similar to the plastic straw debate.But I look at it differently.In the absence of comprehensive environmental policies，companies like Alibaba can play a crucial role in driving widespread changes in consumer behavior.
（1）What is the aim of the author's game when ordering food for delivery？　 　
A.To calculate the cost of the cutlery.
B.To test the service quality of the restaurant.
C.To pass the time while waiting for the food.
D.To guess the number of cutlery sets provided.
（2）What is Alibaba's solution to the cutlery waste problem？　 　
A.Charging extra for cutlery.
B.Designing new food﹣delivery apps.
C.Letting customers decide cutlery quantity.
D.Encouraging restaurants to offer less package.
（3）What does the underlined part"low﹣hanging fruits"in Paragraph 3 probably mean？　 　
A.Problems that are hard to solve.
B.Ideas that are creative but risky.
C.Measures that are easy and effective.
D.Goals that are difficult to achieve.
（4）Which of the following would be the best title for the passage？　 　
A.The Plastic Straw Debate
B.Active Environment Policy
C.Reducing Food﹣Delivery Cost
D.Nudging Consumers to Cut Waste
三．信息匹配（共1小题）
6．（2025 西宁一模） Self﹣creation is an important part of personal development.It's about changing oneself into the desired person. （1）　 　 .
Self﹣awareness
（2）　 　 .It is about knowing what makes people unique.This knowledge helps focus on improvement areas and use natural talents.For example，if good at public speaking but lacking writing skills，one can work on writing while using speaking ability.
（3）　 　
Goals give direction to self﹣creation.They can be big dreams or small，achievable targets.Short﹣term goals can be steps for long﹣term ones.For example，a long﹣term goal could be to become a successful businessman，and short﹣term goals may include learning business management and networking.
Continuous learning
It helps a person to constantly develop and adapt.There are always new skills and knowledge to gain. （4）　 　 .For example，an art﹣interested person can take painting classes，join the dancing club and attend music workshops.
Positive attitudes
There will be difficulties in self﹣creation.With a positive mindset，one can bounce back stronger.For instance，an athlete fails to win any medals at first but stays positive and later becomes a champion. （5）　 　 .
A.Setting goals
B.Studying management
C.One can learn from various sources
D.Difficulties always make humans weaker
E.Here are some key points in self﹣creation
F.One should know their strengths and weaknesses
G.Positive attitudes make one see difficulties as opportunities
四．语法填空（共1小题）
7．（2025 陕西模拟）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Lion dance roars with shared values
The powerful people﹣to﹣people bonds between China and Malaysia take many expressions considering the range of shared （1）　 　 （culture） and traditional values between the two nations.The Malay people have taken great interest in the lion dance，a tradition （2）　 　 emerged over a thousand years ago in China and has many admirers in modern Malaysia.
Among them （3）　 　 （be） Adzwin Faizal，a petite young woman，who is .a part of the locally renowned Yong Jun Lion Dance Association."In earlier generations，it was difficult for people from other ethnic groups and women （4）　 　 （learn） lion dance，but things have changed.The（5）　 　 （unique） and inclusiveness of lion dance have allowed us to build a family here，"her lion dance master said.The lion dance in Malaysia shares its roots with the Chinese lion dance，（6）　 　 （specific） from the southern lion dance style.It arrived in Malaysia with Chinese immigrants and took root.Initially，the lion dance （7）　 　 （perform） during Chinese festivals and celebrations，but （8）　 　 the blending of Malaysia's ethnicities（种族） and cultures，it gradually crossed ethnic and religious boundaries，（9）　 　 （become） a beloved cultural activity for all communities.Its cultural value is widely recognized by the public.
This year marks the 50th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic ties between China and Malaysia.Both sides celebrate the lion dance as （10）　 　 form of shared history，and jointly promote and safeguard the heritage.
五．短文改错（共1小题）
8．（2023 大荔县一模）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10 处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下面画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
I like running.Ever since I am in third grade，I have been trained as a long﹣distance runner.Last year I decided run in a ten﹣kilometer race，for which I practiced hard.At the day of the race，I ran fast than I ever had in the past.When I approached to the last kilometer，I was one of the first runner to finish.I picked up the pace and quick reached second place.With all my strength，I went dashing to the finish line，and I wasn't fast enough.As the result，I got a silver medal，that I thought was the same as the one that the guy who came in first place had.
六．书面表达（共1小题）
9．（2025 成都模拟）上周，你参加了校学生会组织的环保作品展。请给校英语报写一篇短文介绍此活动，内容包括：
1.活动过程；
2.个人感受。
注意：
1.写作词数应为 80个左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
2025届高考英语模拟预测练习卷（全国甲卷）
参考答案与试题解析
一．完形填空（共1小题）
1．（2025 赤峰模拟）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
Yu Kongjian，one of China's most distinguished urban designers，can remember the day he nearly died in the river at the age of ten when he was swept into floodwaters.（1）　D　 ，banks of willows and reeds slowed the river's（2）　B　 ，allowing Yu to grab the vegetation and pull himself out.
It was a（n）（3）　A　 moment that would impact not only Yu's life，but the rest of China as well.He studied landscaping in Beijing and design at Harvard，returning to China in 1997.（4）　B　 by its outdated basic facilities，he（5）　D　 an urban design philosophy based on traditional Chinese concepts.
Yu（6）　C　 the sponge （海绵） city concept of managing floods.Unlike conventional flood control，Yu's（7）　B　 ，inspired by ancient Chinese farming techniques，emphasizes（8）　A　 rainfall and slowing down surface run﹣off （地表径流）.This method not only（9）　C　 flood pressure but also creates green spaces，parks，and animal habitats，while（10）　D　 water with plants removing polluting nutrients.
In 2015，the Chinese government（11）　B　 a plan and an ambitious goal：By 2030，80 percent of China's urban areas must have elements of a sponge city，and（12）　A　 at least 70% of rainfall.Some cities in Singapore，the United States and Russia have started employing similar（13）　C　
The sponge city is（14）　B　 for using natural processes to solve the city's problems，said sustainable design expert Dr.Nirmal Kishnani. "We have to find our way back to seeing ourselves as a part of（15）　C　 ."
（1）A.Gradually B.Immediately C.Eventually D.Fortunately
（2）A.expansion B.flow C.wave D.rise
（3）A.defining B.promising C.engaging D.alarming
（4）A.Excited B.Shocked C.Moved D.Embarrassed
（5）A.changed B.stopped C.questioned D.advocated
（6）A.made up for B.put up with C.came up with D.stood up for
（7）A.attitude B.approach C.discovery D.goal
（8）A.absorbing B.taking C.reducing D.wasting
（9）A.causes B.increases C.eases D.controls
（10）A.channeling B.pumping C.locking D.purifying
（11）A.canceled B.announced C.delayed D.revised
（12）A.recycle B.adjust C.analyze D.contain
（13）A.meaning B.business C.concepts D.activities
（14）A.common B.remarkable C.complex D.responsible
（15）A.society B.history C.nature D.culture
【答案】 （1）﹣（5）DBABD （6）﹣（10）CBACD （11）﹣（15）BACBC
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了中国著名城市设计师俞孔坚及其提出的海绵城市概念。
【解答】（1）考查副词及语境理解。A.Gradually逐渐地；B.Immediately立即；C.Eventually最终；D.Fortunately幸运的是。句意：幸运的是，河岸上的柳树和芦苇减缓了河水的流速，让俞抓住了植被，把自己拉了出来。根据下文"allowing Yu to grab the vegetation and pull himself out."可知他最终获救了，这是幸运的事。故选D。
（2）考查名词及语境理解。A.expansion扩张；B.flow流动；C.wave波浪；D.rise上升。句意：幸运的是，河岸上的柳树和芦苇减缓了河水的流速，让俞抓住了植被，把自己拉了出来。根据上文"banks of willows and reeds slowed the river's"和常识可知河岸上的柳树和芦苇减缓了河水的流动。故选B。
（3）考查形容词及语境理解。A.defining决定性的；B.promising有前途的；C.engaging迷人的；D.alarming令人担忧的。句意：这是一个决定性的时刻，不仅影响了余的生活，也影响了整个中国。根据下文"that would impact not only Yu's life，but the rest of China as well"可知这个时刻不仅影响了余的生活，也影响了整个中国，所以是决定性的时刻。故选A。
（4）考查形容词及语境理解。A.Excited激动的；B.Shocked震惊的；C.Moved感动的；D.Embarrassed尴尬的。句意：他对陈旧的基础设施感到震惊，主张以中国传统理念为基础的城市设计理念。根据下文"its outdated basic facilities"可知他对陈旧的基础设施应该是感到震惊。故选B。
（5）考查动词及语境理解。A.changed改变；B.stopped停止；C.questioned质疑；D.advocated提倡。句意：他对陈旧的基础设施感到震惊，主张以中国传统理念为基础的城市设计理念。根据上文"by its outdated basic facilities"可知见过中国的陈旧的基础设施后，他提倡以中国传统理念为基础的城市设计理念。故选D。
（6）考查动词短语及语境理解。A.made up for弥补；B.put up with忍受；C.came up with提出；D.stood up for支持。句意：俞提出了管理洪水的海绵城市概念。根据下文"the sponge（海绵） city concept"可知是提出管理洪水的海绵城市概念。故选C。
（7）考查名词及语境理解。A.attitude态度；B.approach方法；C.discovery发现；D.goal目标。句意：与传统的防洪方法不同，俞的方法受到中国古代农业技术的启发，强调吸收降雨和减缓地表径流。根据上文"Unlike conventional flood control"可知与传统的防洪方法不同，所以这里说的是俞的方法。故选B。
（8）考查动词及语境理解。A.absorbing吸收；B.taking拿，取；C.reducing减少；D.wasting浪费。句意：与传统的防洪方法不同，俞的方法受到中国古代农业技术的启发，强调吸收降雨和减缓地表径流。根据上文"the sponge（海绵） city concept"可知海绵城市概念应是强调吸收雨水。故选A。
（9）考查动词及语境理解。A.causes引起；B.increases增加；C.eases缓解；D.controls控制。句意：这种方法不仅缓解了洪水压力，还创造了绿地、公园和动物栖息地，同时用植物净化水，去除污染的营养物质。根据上文"emphasizes （8）rainfall and slowing down surface run﹣off（地表径流）"可知这种方法强调吸收雨水和减缓地表径流，所以可推断出能缓解洪水压力。故选C。
（10）考查动词及语境理解。A.channeling输送；B.pumping泵送；C.locking锁住；D.purifying净化。句意：这种方法不仅缓解了洪水压力，还创造了绿地、公园和动物栖息地，同时用植物净化水，去除污染的营养物质。根据下文"removing polluting nutrients"可知是净化水。故选D。
（11）考查动词及语境理解。A.canceled取消；B.announced宣布；C.delayed延迟；D.revised修订。句意：2015年，中国政府宣布了一项计划和一个雄心勃勃的目标：到2030年，中国80%的城市地区必须具备海绵城市的要素，并回收至少70%的降雨。根据下文"a plan and an ambitious goal"可知中国政府宣布了一项计划和一个雄心勃勃的目标。故选B。
（12）考查动词及语境理解。A.recycle回收；B.adjust调整；C.analyze分析；D.contain包含。句意：2015年，中国政府宣布了一项计划和一个雄心勃勃的目标：到2030年，中国80%的城市地区必须具备海绵城市的要素，并回收至少70%的降雨。根据上午"80 percent of China's urban areas must have elements of a sponge city"和下文"at least 70% of rainfall"可知能回收至少70%的降雨。故选A。
（13）考查名词及语境理解。A.meaning意义；B.business生意；C.concepts概念；D.activities活动。句意：新加坡、美国和俄罗斯的一些城市已经开始采用类似的概念。根据前文"the sponge（海绵） city concept"，可知其他国际也开始采用类似的概念。故选C
（14）考查形容词及语境理解。A.common普遍的；B.remarkable显著的；C.complex复杂的；D.responsible负责任的。句意：可持续设计专家Nirmal Kishnani博士说，海绵城市在利用自然过程解决城市问题方面表现出色。"我们必须重新把自己视为自然的一部分。"根据前文"In 2015，the Chinese government （11）a plan and an ambitious goal：By 2030，80 percent of China's urban areas must have elements of a sponge city，and（12）at least 70% of rainfall."可知可持续设计专家Nirmal Kishnani博士说海绵城市在利用自然过程解决城市问题方面应该是显著的，出色的。故选B。
（15）考查名词及语境理解。A.society社会；B.history历史；C.nature自然；D.culture文化。句意：可持续设计专家Nirmal Kishnani博士说，海绵城市在利用自然过程解决城市问题方面表现出色。"我们必须重新把自己视为自然的一部分。"根据上文提到的利用自然过程解决城市问题，可知我们必须认识到自己是自然的一部分。故选C。
【点评】在做完形填空时，首先需要快速的浏览全文，把握文章的主旨大意；其次要学会带着问题到文中相应的地方，通过细节阅读来寻找或概括答案；最后理清作者的写作思路也非常重要；总之，做此类题时，需要平时加大阅读量，掌握一些阅读技巧。
二．阅读理解（共4小题）
2．（2025 成都模拟） A honey bee's life depends on it successfully harvesting from flowers to make honey.Deciding which flower is most likely to offer nectar （花蜜） is incredibly difficult.In new research published recently，our team reports how bees make these complex decisions.
We challenged bees with a field of artificial flowers，each of which offered a tiny drop of sugar syrup.Different﹣colored "flowers" varied in their likelihood of offering sugar.We put tiny，harmless paint marks on the back of each bee，and filmed every visit a bee made to the flower array.We then used computer vision and machine learning to automatically draw and study the route on which bees flew through.From this information，we found bees very quickly learned to identify the most rewarding flowers.They quickly assessed whether to accept or reject a flower，but surprisingly they made correct decisions within 0.6 seconds while incorrect decisions took them 1.2 seconds on average.
The results and what we expected are poles apart.Usually in animals，an accurate decision takes longer than an inaccurate decision.This is called the speed﹣accuracy trade off，which happens because determining whether a decision is right or wrong usually depends on how much evidence we have to make that decision.More evidence means a more accurate decision，but gathering evidence takes time.So accurate decisions are usually slow and inaccurate decisions are faster.But bees only accepted a flower if，at a glance，they were sure it was rewarding.If they had any uncertainty，they rejected it.They might have missed some rewarding flowers，but they successfully focused their efforts only on the flowers with the best chance and best evidence of providing them with sugar.
The only other animals known to beat the speed﹣accuracy tradeoff are humans and primates.It's indeed amazing that bees seemed to be breaking this boundary.
（1）How did researchers get the result of the experiment？ 　B　
A．By observing bees in the wild.
B．By analyzing bees' flight paths.
C．By testing bees in different colors.
D．By comparing bees' food preference.
（2）What did the research find about bees？ 　C　
A．They could tell artificial flowers immediately.
B．They performed better in certain colored flowers.
C．They made right choices faster than the wrong ones.
D．They made more correct decisions than other species.
（3）What does the underlined phrase "poles apart" in paragraph 3 probably mean？ 　A　
A．Contrary.
B．Reasonable.
C．Essential.
D．Confusing.
（4）Why do bees beat the speed﹣accuracy tradeoff？ 　D　
A．They ignore uncertainties.
B．They gather evidence very fast.
C．They stay on the right track while flying.
D．They adopt a special decision﹣making mechanism.
【答案】BCAD
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了研究团队通过用人工花对蜜蜂进行实验，研究蜜蜂如何做出采蜜决策，发现蜜蜂打破了速度﹣准确性权衡这一现象。
【解答】（1）推理判断题。根据第二段中We then used computer vision and machine learning to automatically draw and study the route on which bees flew through.From this information，we found bees very quickly learned to identify the most rewarding flowers. （然后，我们使用计算机视觉和机器学习自动绘制并研究蜜蜂飞行的路线。从这些信息中，我们发现蜜蜂很快就学会了识别最有价值的花朵。）可知，研究人员是通过分析蜜蜂的飞行路径来获取实验结果的。故选B项。
（2）推理判断题。根据第二段中They quickly assessed whether to accept or reject a flower，but surprisingly they made correct decisions within 0.6 seconds while incorrect decisions took them 1.2 seconds on average. （它们迅速评估是否接受或拒绝一朵花，但令人惊讶的是，它们在0.6秒内做出正确的决定，而错误的决定平均需要1.2秒。）可知，研究发现蜜蜂做出正确选择的速度比做出错误选择的速度要快。故选C项。
（3）词句猜测题。根据第二段中From this information，we found bees very quickly learned to identify the most rewarding flowers.They quickly assessed whether to accept or reject a flower，but surprisingly they made correct decisions within 0.6 seconds while incorrect decisions took them 1.2 seconds on average. （从这些信息中，我们发现蜜蜂很快就学会了识别最有价值的花朵。它们迅速评估是否接受或拒绝一朵花，但令人惊讶的是，它们在0.6秒内做出正确的决定，而不正确的决定平均需要1.2秒。）和第三段中Usually in animals，an accurate decision takes longer than an inaccurate decision.This is called the speed﹣accuracy trade off，which happens because determining whether a decision is right or wrong usually depends on how much evidence we have to make that decision.More evidence means a more accurate decision，but gathering evidence takes time.So accurate decisions are usually slow and inaccurate decisions are faster. （通常在动物中，准确的决策比不准确的决策花费的时间更长。这被称为速度﹣准确性权衡，之所以会这样，是因为判断一个决策是否正确通常取决于我们做出该决策所拥有的证据量。更多的证据意味着更准确的决策，但收集证据需要时间。所以准确的决策通常较慢，而不准确的决策则较快。）可知，通常在动物中，准确的决策比不准确的决策花费的时间更长，但蜜蜂的情况相反，它们做出正确的决定的时间更短。所以"The results and what we expected are poles apart."表示结果和我们预期的完全相反，"poles apart"意思是"相反的"，与"Contrary"意思相近。A．Contrary相反的；B．Reasonable合理的；C．Essential必要的；D．Confusing令人困惑的。故选A项。
（4）推理判断题。根据第三段中If they had any uncertainty，they rejected it.They might have missed some rewarding flowers，but they successfully focused their efforts only on the flowers with the best chance and best evidence of providing them with sugar. （如果它们有任何不确定，就会拒绝它。它们可能错过了一些有价值的花朵，但它们成功地将精力只集中在最有可能、最有证据能为它们提供糖分的花朵上。）可知，蜜蜂采用了一种特殊的决策机制，即只接受一眼确定有价值的花，有不确定就拒绝，这使得它们打破了速度﹣准确性权衡。故选D项。
【点评】做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。
3．（2025 长安区一模）Below is a housing guide for students going to London．
University accommodation （住所） offices Many university accommodation offices have their own list of registered landlords．Others also provide information on accommodation agencies and other housing organization．The advantage of using your university accommodation is that you can get support if you have a problem．The disadvantage is that they are unlikely to have enough registered landlords to house all their students． Property papers：Loot and Renting Loot is an important source of information about private housing for co﹣renters．The offers are from private landlords，agencies and individuals looking for other co﹣renters．They also have a website：www．loot．com．The advantage of using Loot is that there are some excellent bargains．The disadvantage is that there is no quality control over the offers． Renting is another useful paper．The offers in this paper are mainly from accommodation agencies．Their website is at www．renting．co．uk． Accommodation agencies The majority of rented accommodation in London is probably advertised through accommodation agencies．The advantage of using accommodation agencies is that you will have a large number of accommodations to choose from．A good agent will listen to your requirements and can save you time in looking for the right accommodation．The disadvantage is that they will make a range of charges to potential renters． Noticeboards Around the universities you will find a number of noticeboards where offers of accommodation will be posted．These will either be from landlords or from students．Some universities will also have online noticeboards where students can advertise to other students．Advertisements from students can be an excellent way to find accommodation．However，advertisements from landlords can be problematic． Word of mouth Some of the best housing in London is never advertised but is passed on from one group of students to another by word of mouth．It might be that you can find out about good offers from final year students．However，don't suppose that just because you have found out about housing from a friend，it is necessarily going to be better than that found through any other source． Family Faced with the very high rents charged in London，some students and their parents will consider buying as an alternative．In some cases this might be a good choice．
（1）What is the advantage of using Loot？ 　D　
A．It has more offers from accommodation agencies than Renting．
B．It gives you personal information about other co﹣renters．
C．Their website is designed mainly for students．
D．There are some good bargains．
（2）A good agent can help you 　C　 ．
A．know more people
B．find cheap accommodation
C．get the right accommodation quickly
D．get free information about most accommodations
（3）The information passed on by word of mouth is important because 　B　 ．
A．it is better than that found through any other source
B．it helps you find some of the best housing never advertised
C．the final year students always offer better information
D．the landlords have little valuable information
【答案】见试题解答内容
【分析】本文叙述了去伦敦的学生选择住宿的指导建议．去伦敦的学生可以选择学校提供的住宿，有麻烦时可以提到帮助；亦可选择Loot来租住房子；还可以通过租房住宿中介，他们会给你提供一些可租住的房子；还可选择广告牌和听熟人口头介绍的房子．另外一些学生和他们的父母也可以在伦敦买房子来住．
【解答】（1）D．细节理解题．根据第二部分第四句"The advantage of using Loot is that there are some excellent bargains．"可知使用Loot的好处是提供一些租价低廉的房屋的信息．故选D．
（2）C．细节理解题．根据第三部分第三句"A good agent will listen to your requirements and can save you time in looking for the right accommodation．"可知一个好的中介能够帮助你快速地找到合适的住宿的地方．故选C．
（3）B．细节理解题．根据第五部分第一句"Some of the best housing in London is never advertised but is passed on from one group of students to another by word of mouth．"可知，口头传递的信息是非常重要的，因为它可以帮助你找到一些从来没有广告的最好的住房，故选B．
【点评】此题主要考查学生的细节理解和推理判断能力．做细节理解题时一定要找到文章中的原句，和题干进行比较，再做出正确选择．在做推理判断题时不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实，要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断．
4．（2025 市中区校级二模）The seven teenagers hurried towards the airport gate.Italy's national under﹣16 swimming championship was taking place in Genoa and the boys were going to compete there.14﹣year﹣old Marco Sulis looked around for his teammates.Their coach sat near them.While preparing for take﹣off，the flight attendant began her routine safety briefing.Most of the passengers idled away the time engaging in chatting and eating.Although air crashes are alien to Marco，he，who perceived how vital the process was，would later remember all her words.
During the flight，as earlier instructed，he located the nearest emergency exit and made a mental note of the red handle behind a protective plastic shield.To open the door，one had to remove the plastic and pull the handle.
Located by mountains to the north，the airport is often beaten by strong winds.Flight 1553 was a short one.The sky that day was crystalline blue and visibility was perfect.
At two minutes to touchdown，the plane rocked，which was later found to be out of mechanical faults.Soon，it touched down unstably on two wheels.The captain attempted to reduce the airplane's speed by braking hard but it was no use.Slipping sideways，the plane rushed out into the sea at high speed.
Tons of water poured into the cabin.Passengers were shouting and rushing towards the emergency exit door.Marco watched people struggle with the door fruitlessly.
"Let me do it!" Marco yelled，leaping out of his seat.
Marco smashed the clear plastic with the palm of his hand.He grabbed the handle and pulled，using all the strength in his body.The emergency exit door finally swung open.However，the emergency door pinned Marco's leg down.Passengers passed Marco as they rushed out of the plane.Already soaking in water，Marco knew there was no time to waste.He pushed against the door as hard as he could and managed to free his leg.Marco exited from the plane finally and saw his coach and teammates bobbing in the waves.He began swimming towards the concrete pier（码头）.The others followed.
When they reached the pier，they were safe at last.Even though four people were killed in the accident，many more survived because of Marco.Marco just simply said， "All I did was to watch safety briefing."
（1）What drove Marco to remember the safety briefing？ 　C　
A．His previous experience of an air accident.
B．The prediction of the upcoming crash.
C．His realization of the importance.
D．The coach's compulsory requirement.
（2）Which of the following statements is TRUE？ 　A　
A．The weather condition was good for flying on the day of the accident.
B．Marco was the passenger sitting nearest to the emergency exit randomly.
C．The plane went wrong above in the sky because of the force of wind.
D．The pilot finally managed to slow down the plane with a timely brake.
（3）Why didn't Marco leave the plane as soon as the exit door was opened？ 　B　
A．Because he was blocked by other passengers.
B．Because one part of his body was stuck tight.
C．Because he was looking for his companions.
D．Because he was scared of the sea water outside.
（4）Which of the following can best describe Marco？ 　D　
A．Persistent and hardworking.
B．Ambitious and skillful.
C．Creative and considerate.
D．Alert and decisive.
【答案】CABD
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了一个"英雄"的事迹。在一次由于飞机故障而导致的坠机事件中，要去参加游泳锦标赛的Marco 凭借自己的力量打开了飞机上的应急门，从而使得飞机坠机事件中更多的人活了下来。
【解答】（1）C.细节理解题。根据文章第一段末尾内容"Although air crashes are alien to Marco，he，who perceived how vital the process was，would later remember all her words."（ 虽然坠机对Marco来说是陌生的，但Marco意识到安全简报在坠机时的重要性，就记住了乘务员说的所有话）可知，Marco记住安全简报是因为他意识到安全措施的重要性。故选C.
（2）A.细节理解题。根据文章第三段内容"The sky that day was crystalline blue and visibility was perfect."当天的天空湛蓝湛蓝，能见度极佳，由此可知，事故发生那天的天气状况很适合飞行。故选A.
（3）B.细节理解题。根据文章第七段内容"However，the emergency door pinned Marco's leg down.（然而，应急门压住了Marco的腿。）"可知，当应急门打开时，应急门压住了Marco的腿，以致于他不能立即离开飞机。故选B.
（4）D.推理判断题。根据文章第二段"During the flight，as earlier instructed，he located the nearest emergency exit and made a mental note of the red handle behind a protective plastic shield.在飞行过程中，按照先前的指示，他找到了最近的紧急出口，并记下了塑料防护罩后面的红色把手。"说明马可是警觉的；和第七段内容" "Let me do it!" Marco yelled，leaping out of his seat.让我来吧！"马可大叫，从座位上跳了出来。"说明马可是果断的，最能描述马可的是警觉和果断的。A.Persistent and hardworking坚持不懈，努力工作的；B.Ambitious and skillful雄心勃勃，技术娴熟的；C.Creative and considerate创造性和体贴性的；D.Alert and decisive警觉和果断的。故选D.
【点评】1．直接信息题：
直接信息题是指能够直接从原文中找到信息，选项在语言表达上与原文基本一致的题目。
2．间接信息题：
间接信息题是能够从原文中找到信息，但在语言表达上与原文有差异，做题时需要对原文信息进行转换。
3．综合信息题：
综合信息题是指这类题目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句话，可能是原文的几句话，或者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求学生把原文所提供的信息综合起来分析。
5．（2025 泸州模拟） When I order food for delivery，I often play a little game，wondering how many sets of cutlery（餐具） the restaurant will include with my meal.More often than not，restaurants go overboard.They throw in two，three，or even four sets，even though I rarely need any.This extra cutlery either ends up in the trash or collecting dust in a kitchen drawer，which is such a waste.
Chinese tech giant Alibaba and its researchers came up with a simple solution to this common problem.Instead of mindlessly handing out cutlery，they made a change to their food﹣delivery app.In select cities in China，customers now have to choose how many sets of cutlery they actually want from the restaurant.And guess what？The default（默认） option is set to zero.The results，published in the journal Science，were astonishing.There was a whopping 648% increase in the number of orders with no cutlery requested.If this approach were rolled out across China，researchers estimated that it could save nearly 22 billion sets of plastic cutlery and reduce 3.26 million metric tons of plastic waste.
This study really opened my eyes.It shows that there are so many low﹣hanging fruits in our economy that can help cut waste and emissions.For Alibaba，this "nudge"to customers cost them nothing more than a few hours of software engineering time.But the impact？It was huge.
The concept of "nudging"is fascinating.Nudge theory suggests that small，subtle signals can encourage people to do the right thing.There's no need for strict policies that limit choices or economic punishments.For example，a restaurant could list healthy options at the top of the menu to nudge customers towards making healthier choices.
Some might see this study as just another example of putting the onus（责任） on consumers for environmental issues，similar to the plastic straw debate.But I look at it differently.In the absence of comprehensive environmental policies，companies like Alibaba can play a crucial role in driving widespread changes in consumer behavior.
（1）What is the aim of the author's game when ordering food for delivery？　D　
A.To calculate the cost of the cutlery.
B.To test the service quality of the restaurant.
C.To pass the time while waiting for the food.
D.To guess the number of cutlery sets provided.
（2）What is Alibaba's solution to the cutlery waste problem？　C　
A.Charging extra for cutlery.
B.Designing new food﹣delivery apps.
C.Letting customers decide cutlery quantity.
D.Encouraging restaurants to offer less package.
（3）What does the underlined part"low﹣hanging fruits"in Paragraph 3 probably mean？　C　
A.Problems that are hard to solve.
B.Ideas that are creative but risky.
C.Measures that are easy and effective.
D.Goals that are difficult to achieve.
（4）Which of the following would be the best title for the passage？　D　
A.The Plastic Straw Debate
B.Active Environment Policy
C.Reducing Food﹣Delivery Cost
D.Nudging Consumers to Cut Waste
【答案】DCCD
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了阿里巴巴通过顾客决定餐具的数量解决餐具浪费问题，解释了背后的原理。
【解答】（1）推理判断题。根据第一段When I order food for delivery，I often play a little game，wondering how many sets of cutlery（餐具） the restaurant will include with my meal.More often than not，restaurants go overboard.They throw in two，three，or even four sets，even though I rarely need any.This extra cutlery either ends up in the trash or collecting dust in a kitchen drawer，which is such a waste. （当我点外卖的时候，我经常玩一个小游戏，想知道餐馆会给我提供多少套餐具。通常情况下，餐馆会做得过火。他们会提供两套，三套，甚至四套，尽管我很少需要。这些多余的餐具要么被扔进垃圾桶，要么被放在厨房抽屉里积灰，这是一种浪费）可知，当订餐时，作者游戏的目的是猜测提供的餐具套的数量。故选D。
（2）细节理解题。根据第二段Instead of mindlessly handing out cutlery，they made a change to their food﹣delivery app.In select cities in China，customers now have to choose how many sets of cutlery they actually want from the restaurant.（他们不再盲目地分发餐具，而是改变了他们的送餐应用程序。在中国的一些城市，顾客现在必须选择他们真正想从餐馆买多少套餐具）可知，阿里巴巴让顾客决定餐具的数量，以此解决餐具浪费问题。故选C。
（3）词句猜测题。根据第二段Chinese tech giant Alibaba and its researchers came up with a simple solution to this common problem.（中国科技巨头阿里巴巴及其研究人员提出了一个简单的解决方案来解决这个普遍问题）The results，published in the journal Science，were astonishing.There was a whopping 648% increase in the number of orders with no cutlery requested.If this approach were rolled out across China，researchers estimated that it could save nearly 22 billion sets of plastic cutlery and reduce 3.26 million metric tons of plastic waste.（发表在《科学》杂志上的研究结果令人震惊。没有餐具的订单数量激增了648%。研究人员估计，如果这种方法在中国推广，可以节省近220亿套塑料餐具，减少326万吨塑料垃圾）以及划线词后文For Alibaba，this"nudge" to customers cost them nothing more than a few hours of software engineering time.（对阿里巴巴来说，这种对客户的"轻推"只不过花费了几个小时的软件工程时间）可知，此处指第二段阿里巴巴让顾客决定餐具的数量解决餐具浪费问题，效果明显，说明这是一种简单有效的措施，推测划线词意思是"简单有效的措施"。A.Problems that are hard to solve难以解决的问题；B.Ideas that are creative but risky有创意但有风险的想法；C.Measures that are easy and effective简单有效的措施；D.Goals that are difficult to achieve难以实现的目标。故选C。
（4）标题归纳题。根据第二段If this approach were rolled out across China，researchers estimated that it could save nearly 22 billion sets of plastic cutlery and reduce 3.26 million metric tons of plastic waste.（研究人员估计，如果这种方法在中国推广，可以节省近220亿套塑料餐具，减少326万吨塑料垃圾）结合文章主要说明了阿里巴巴通过顾客决定餐具的数量解决餐具浪费问题，解释了背后的原理。可知，D选项Nudging Consumers to Cut Waste（轻推消费者减少浪费）最适合作为文章标题。故选D。
【点评】做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。做题时要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。
三．信息匹配（共1小题）
6．（2025 西宁一模） Self﹣creation is an important part of personal development.It's about changing oneself into the desired person. （1）　E　 .
Self﹣awareness
（2）　F　 .It is about knowing what makes people unique.This knowledge helps focus on improvement areas and use natural talents.For example，if good at public speaking but lacking writing skills，one can work on writing while using speaking ability.
（3）　A　
Goals give direction to self﹣creation.They can be big dreams or small，achievable targets.Short﹣term goals can be steps for long﹣term ones.For example，a long﹣term goal could be to become a successful businessman，and short﹣term goals may include learning business management and networking.
Continuous learning
It helps a person to constantly develop and adapt.There are always new skills and knowledge to gain. （4）　C　 .For example，an art﹣interested person can take painting classes，join the dancing club and attend music workshops.
Positive attitudes
There will be difficulties in self﹣creation.With a positive mindset，one can bounce back stronger.For instance，an athlete fails to win any medals at first but stays positive and later becomes a champion. （5）　G　 .
A.Setting goals
B.Studying management
C.One can learn from various sources
D.Difficulties always make humans weaker
E.Here are some key points in self﹣creation
F.One should know their strengths and weaknesses
G.Positive attitudes make one see difficulties as opportunities
【答案】EFACG
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了自我塑造的重要性，并从自我认知、设定目标、持续学习和积极态度四个方面阐述了自我塑造的关键要点。
【解答】（1）语境衔接题。根据上文Self﹣creation is an important part of personal development.It's about changing oneself into the desired person.（自我塑造是个人发展的重要组成部分。它是关于把自己变成你想要的人。）和下文小标题Self﹣awareness（自我意识），Continuous learning（持续学习），Positive attitudes（积极的态度）可知，空处应该引出下文对自我塑造要点的介绍。E选项"以下是自我塑造的一些关键点。"承上启下，符合语境。故选E。
（2）联系下文题。根据下文It is about knowing what makes people unique.This knowledge helps focus on improvement areas and use natural talents.（它是关于了解是什么让人们独一无二。这种认知有助于关注改进的领域并发挥天赋。）可知，此处强调要了解自身独特之处，关注自身优缺点。F选项"一个人应该了解自己的优点和缺点。"与下文内容相呼应，解释了自我认知的具体内容。故选F。
（3）联系下文题。根据下文Goals give direction to self﹣creation.They can be big dreams or small，achievable targets.Short﹣term goals can be steps for long﹣term ones.For example，a long﹣term goal could be to become a successful businessman，and short﹣term goals may include learning business management and networking.（目标给自我创造指明方向。它们可以是伟大的梦想，也可以是可以实现的小目标。短期目标可以成为长期目标的步骤。例如，长期目标可能是成为一名成功的商人，短期目标可能包括学习商业管理和网络。）可知，本段围绕目标展开，阐述了目标对自我塑造的重要性，A选项"设定目标"概括了这部分内容的主题，适合作小标题。故选A。
（4）语境衔接题。根据上文It helps a person to constantly develop and adapt.There are always new skills and knowledge to gain.（它帮助一个人不断发展和适应。总有新的技能和知识需要去学习。）和下文For example，an art﹣interested person can take painting classes，join the dancing club and attend music workshops..（例如，一个对艺术感兴趣的人可以参加绘画班，参加舞蹈俱乐部和参加音乐讲习班。）可知，此处强调持续学习能让人不断获得新技能和知识，进一步说明了学习的途径，与上文持续学习的话题相契合。C选项"一个人可以从各种渠道学习。"承上启下，符合语境。故选C。
（5）联系上文题。根据小标题Positive attitudes（积极的态度）和上文With a positive mindset，one can bounce back stronger.For instance，an athlete fails to win any medals at first but stays positive and later becomes a champion. （一个人可以更坚强地恢复过来。例如，一名运动员一开始没有赢得任何奖牌，但保持积极态度，后来成为冠军。）可知，此处强调积极心态能让人在面对困难时重新振作。G选项"积极的态度使一个人把困难看作机会。"承上启下，符合语境。故选G。
【点评】七选五阅读是完成性阅读，和完形填空很类似，不同的是一个选词，一个选句子。解题时，要注意上下文语境，充分考虑信息词（选项中和空格前后句子中相同或相近的词），选出最符合语境的句子。
四．语法填空（共1小题）
7．（2025 陕西模拟）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Lion dance roars with shared values
The powerful people﹣to﹣people bonds between China and Malaysia take many expressions considering the range of shared （1）　cultural　 （culture） and traditional values between the two nations.The Malay people have taken great interest in the lion dance，a tradition （2）　which/that　 emerged over a thousand years ago in China and has many admirers in modern Malaysia.
Among them （3）　is　 （be） Adzwin Faizal，a petite young woman，who is .a part of the locally renowned Yong Jun Lion Dance Association."In earlier generations，it was difficult for people from other ethnic groups and women （4）　to learn　 （learn） lion dance，but things have changed.The（5）　uniqueness　 （unique） and inclusiveness of lion dance have allowed us to build a family here，"her lion dance master said.The lion dance in Malaysia shares its roots with the Chinese lion dance，（6）　specifically　 （specific） from the southern lion dance style.It arrived in Malaysia with Chinese immigrants and took root.Initially，the lion dance （7）　was performed　 （perform） during Chinese festivals and celebrations，but （8）　with　 the blending of Malaysia's ethnicities（种族） and cultures，it gradually crossed ethnic and religious boundaries，（9）　becoming　 （become） a beloved cultural activity for all communities.Its cultural value is widely recognized by the public.
This year marks the 50th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic ties between China and Malaysia.Both sides celebrate the lion dance as （10）　a　 form of shared history，and jointly promote and safeguard the heritage.
【答案】（1）cultural（2）which/that（3）is（4）to learn（5）uniqueness（6）specifically（7）was performed（8）with（9）becoming（10）a
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国和马来西亚在舞狮文化上的共同价值观，强调了舞狮作为两国文化交流的重要纽带，并展示了舞狮在马来西亚的普及和发展。
【解答】（1）考查形容词。句意：考虑到两国共享的文化和传统价值观，中马两国之间强大的人文纽带体现在很多方面。根据and后面的形容词traditional可知，此处用提示词的形容词形式cultural作定语和traditional并列修饰名词values，故填cultural。
（2）考查定语从句。句意：马来人对舞狮非常感兴趣，这是一项一千多年前在中国出现的传统，在现代马来西亚有许多崇拜者。分析句子结构可知，此处引导定语从句，先行词是tradition，指物，且从句中缺少主语，所以用关系代词which或that引导定语从句，故填which/that。
（3）考查主谓一致。句意：其中有一位娇小的年轻女子Adzwin Faizal，她是当地著名的永军舞狮协会的成员。根据下文的is可知，本句的时态为一般现在时，主语Adzwin Faizal是第三人称单数，所以be动词用is，故填is。
（4）考查不定式。句意：在前几代人，其他民族的人和妇女很难学习舞狮，但情况已经改变了。分析句式结构可知，此处是it is + adj + for sb + to do sth结构，表示"对某人来说做某事是……的"，故填to learn。
（5）考查名词。句意：舞狮的独特性和包容性让我们在这里建立了一个大家庭。根据and后面的名词inclusiveness可知，此处用提示词的名词形式uniqueness与名词inclusiveness并列作主语，故填uniqueness。
（6）考查副词。句意：马来西亚的舞狮与中国的舞狮有着共同的根源，特别是来自南方的舞狮风格。此处用副词形式specifically作状语修饰短语from the southern lion dance style，故填specifically。
（7）考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：最初，舞狮是在中国的节日和庆祝活动中表演的，但随着马来西亚民族和文化的融合，它逐渐跨越了民族和宗教的界限，成为所有社区喜爱的文化活动。根据上文的arrived可知，本句时态为一般过去时，又因为perform和主语the lion dance之间是被动关系，所以用一般过去时的被动语态，又因为主语是第三人称单数，所以be动词用was，故填was performed。
（8）考查介词。句意：最初，舞狮是在中国的节日和庆祝活动中表演的，但随着马来西亚民族和文化的融合，它逐渐跨越了民族和宗教的界限，成为所有社区喜爱的文化活动。根据下文"the blending of Malaysia's ethnicities （种族） and cultures（马来西亚民族和文化的融合）"可知，此处用介词with表示"伴随着"这种融合，故填with。
（9）考查现在分词。句意：最初，舞狮是在中国的节日和庆祝活动中表演的，但随着马来西亚民族和文化的融合，它逐渐跨越了民族和宗教的界限，成为所有社区喜爱的文化活动。分析句式结构可知，此处用非谓语动词作状语，还有因为become和主语之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词，故填becoming。
（10）考查冠词。句意：双方将舞狮视为一种共同的历史形式，并共同促进和保护这一遗产。分析句意再根据空格后的名词form可知，此处用不定冠词泛指"一种"形式，又因为form以辅音音素开头，所以用不定冠词a，故填a。
【点评】语法填空考查学生英语综合知识的运用，做题时要首先明确短文大意，从词汇和语法等方面综合考虑，结合上下文语境填写正确答案。
五．短文改错（共1小题）
8．（2023 大荔县一模）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10 处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下面画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
I like running.Ever since I am in third grade，I have been trained as a long﹣distance runner.Last year I decided run in a ten﹣kilometer race，for which I practiced hard.At the day of the race，I ran fast than I ever had in the past.When I approached to the last kilometer，I was one of the first runner to finish.I picked up the pace and quick reached second place.With all my strength，I went dashing to the finish line，and I wasn't fast enough.As the result，I got a silver medal，that I thought was the same as the one that the guy who came in first place had.
【答案】1.am改为was；2.decided后加to；3.At改为On；4.fast改为faster；5.去掉to；6.runner改为runners；7.quick改为quickly；8.and改为but；9.the改为a；10.that改为which.
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者参加一次十公里跑步比赛的经历。
【解答】I like running.Ever since I am in third grade，I have been trained as a long﹣distance runner.Last year I decided∧ run in a ten﹣kilometer race，for which I practiced hard. At the day of the race，I ran fast than I ever had in the past.When I approached to the last kilometer，I was one of the first runner to finish.I picked up the pace and quick reached second place.With all my strength，I went dashing to the finish line， and I wasn't fast enough.As the result，I got a silver medal， that I thought was the same as the one that the guy who came in first place had.
详解
1.am改为was.考查动词时态。句意：自三年级以来，我就被当成长跑运动员来训练。分析可知，ever since 引导的时间状语从句应用一般过去时。主语为I，be动词用was，故am改为was.
2.decided后加to.考查动词不定式。句意：去年我决定参加一个10公里的比赛，为此我努力练习。此处为短语decide to do sth."决定做某事"，应用不定式作宾语，故decided后加to.
3.At改为On.考查介词。句意：在比赛那天，我比过去跑得都快。表示在具体某天应用介词on，故At改为On.
4.fast改为faster.考查比较级。句意：在比赛那天，我比过去跑得都快。根据than可知，此处应用副词fast的比较级faster，故填faster.
5.去掉to.考查介词。句意：接近最后一公里时，我是最先一批完成的跑步者之一。approach"接近，靠近"为及物动词，其后直接加宾语，不需要介词，故去掉to.
6.runner改为runners.考查名词。句意：当接近最后一公里时，我是最先一批完成的跑步者之一。根据"one of+名词复数"可知，此处应用runner的复数形式，故runner改为runners.
7.quick改为quickly.考查副词。句意：我加快速度，很快到达第二的位置。分析可知，此处应用副词quickly修饰动词reached，故quick改为quickly.
8.and改为but.考查连词。句意：我使劲全身力气往终点冲刺，但不够快。结合句意可知，前后为转折关系，故and改为but.
9.the改为a.考查冠词。句意：因此，我得了铜牌，我认为这和第一名得到的是一样的。此处为固定短语as a result"因此"，故the改为a.
10.that改为which.考查定语从句。句意：因此，我得了铜牌，我认为这和第一名得到的是一样的。分析可知，此处引导非限制性定语从句，关系词代替先行词a silver medal在从句中充当主语，应用关系代词which，that不能引导非限制性定语从句，故that改为which.
【点评】短文改错主要考查学生综合运用语言的能力，在理解短文的基础上，发现错误并进行改正。
六．书面表达（共1小题）
9．（2025 成都模拟）上周，你参加了校学生会组织的环保作品展。请给校英语报写一篇短文介绍此活动，内容包括：
1.活动过程；
2.个人感受。
注意：
1.写作词数应为 80个左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
【答案】 Last week，I took part in an environmental protection works exhibition organized by the school student union.
At the exhibition，there were various works，such as paintings，handicrafts and posters，all showing different environmental protection ideas.Students walked around，admiring and discussing these works.What's more，some students actively shared the inspiration behind their works，which further deepened everyone's understanding of environmental protection.
This activity really impressed me.It not only raised my awareness of environmental protection but also let me see the creativity of my schoolmates.I hope there will be more such meaningful activities.
【分析】高分句型一：Last week，I took part in an environmental protection works exhibition organized by the school student union.
译文：上周，我参加了学校学生会组织的环保作品展。
分析：这句话使用了过去分词短语organized by the school student union作定语。
高分句型二：What's more，some students actively shared the inspiration behind their works，which further deepened everyone's understanding of environmental protection.
译文：此外，一些学生积极分享他们作品背后的灵感，进一步加深了大家对环境保护的理解。
分析：这句话使用了which引导的非限制性定语从句。
【解答】 Last week，I took part in an environmental protection works exhibition organized by the school student union.【高分句型一】（话题）
At the exhibition，there were various works，such as paintings，handicrafts and posters，all showing different environmental protection ideas.Students walked around，admiring and discussing these works.What's more，some students actively shared the inspiration behind their works，which further deepened everyone's understanding of environmental protection.【高分句型二】（活动过程）
This activity really impressed me.It not only raised my awareness of environmental protection but also let me see the creativity of my schoolmates.I hope there will be more such meaningful activities.（个人感受）
【点评】这是一篇提纲类作文。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括，缺一不可。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，不能出现文章脱节问题。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。同时注意要求的字数，不要太多也不要太少。
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