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2025届高考英语模拟预测卷（新高考Ⅰ）
一．完形填空（共1小题）
1．（2025 湖南二模） I had started my academic journey as a university instructor in Ethiopia，where I found considerable satisfaction in mentoring（指导）students.
However，the （1）　 　 opportunities and resources there made it difficult to pursue my own growth，so I went to the United States for my Ph.D．and postdoc.I assumed success meant （2）　 　 a position at a highly research﹣related institution.
But during my postdoc，I realized I needed to change my （3）　 　 .I am a father of two daughters，one of whom requires long﹣term medical care.My modest （4）　 　 and limited benefits brought me financial instability and emotional （5）　 　 .Professional stress bled into my home life.In turn，the weight of my personal （6）　 　 made professional setbacks more disastrous.Trapped in this （7）　 　 ，I began to reconsider my career path.
I applied to several positions，and was delighted when I started to receive invitations to interview.The campus visits included teaching （8）　 　 ，discussions about mentoring，and an emphasis on how I would （9）　 　 research into a student﹣centered environment.Such requirements were （10）　 　 but refreshing，helping confirm that I was heading in the right direction.The students' engagement and curiosity （11）　 　 my passion for mentorship.And research didn't disappear—perspectives on it （12）　 　 .
I've learned to redefine （13）　 　 after 2 years into my current position.It isn't （14）　 　 about high﹣impact publications or grants（拨款）.It's about asking meaningful research questions， （15）　 　 opportunities for students to grow，and maintaining a balance between professional ambitions and personal well﹣being.
（1） A．adequate B．constant C．invaluable D．rare
（2） A．securing B．expecting C．creating D．analyzing
（3） A．routine B．perspective C．temper D．major
（4） A．ambition B．personality C．salary D．attitude
（5） A．disappearance B．exhaustion C．control D．reliance
（6） A．weaknesses B．failures C．responsibilities D．gains
（7） A．cycle B．institution C．mistake D．region
（8） A．reflections B．preparations C．summaries D．demonstrations
（9） A．classify B．integrate C．pour D．transform
（10） A．measurable B．comparable C．amusing D．challenging
（11） A．refueled B．redefined C．developed D．clarified
（12） A．evolved B．ceased C．restored D．increased
（13） A．eagerness B．happiness C．success D．progress
（14） A．randomly B．wildly C．vividly D．narrowly
（15） A．leaving out B．opening up C．looking forward to D．making up for
二．阅读理解（共4小题）
2．（2025 永州三模） Being struck by lightning is something humans generally try to avoid.But for at least one tropical tree species，this might be a good thing.
Scientists have long believed that being hit by lightning could have only negative effects on trees. "Your best﹣case scenario（设想） is that you're kind of okay，and your worst﹣case scenario is：you explode in a million bits，" says Evan Gora，a forest ecologist at the Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies in New York State.But after spending many years studying the effects of lightning on rainforests，Gora began wondering whether trees could not only survive this usually deadly event but also actually get some kind of advantage from it.
To find out，he and his colleagues spent several years following the fate of 93 trees from various species in the rainforest of central Panama when they were directly struck by lightning.Nine were from a species known as the almendro （油蜡豆树），a forest giant native to Central and South America that can grow up to 165 feet tall.After the trees were struck，the researchers continued to monitor the ones that survived the shock，checking their overall condition.
The results showed that the almendro trees were very resistant to lightning and minimally damaged.A few other large species also survived the strikes and might have benefitted as well，but lightning had not struck enough of these species for the researchers to be certain.The researchers also assume that the almendro might have evolved to attract lightning—or at least not to avoid it，as most other trees have.Almendro trees' wide crown（树冠） and tall height.which enhance its chance of being hit，make it a living lightning rod（避雷针）.Gora thinks similar abilities to benefit from lightning might be widespread across other species and types of forests.
Allan Carroll，a disturbance ecologist at the University of British Columbia，who wasn't involved in the research，says， "The findings of the study are quite novel and make a significant contribution to our knowledge of plant evolution."
（1）Why does the author quote Evan Gora？　 　
A.To show a fact.
B.To support a point.
C.To explain a concept.
D.To illustrate a phenomenon.
（2）How did researchers study the effects of lightning on trees？　 　
A.They checked the related data yearly.
B.They tracked the subjects for a long time.
C.They compared the height of different trees.
D.They recorded the frequency of lighting occurrences.
（3）What can we learn from paragraph 4？　 　
A.Almendro trees are likely to attract lightning.
B.The result of the research is totally convincing.
C.Being resistant to lightning is common to trees.
D.Almendro trees can get sheltered from lightning.
（4）Which of the following is the best title for the text？　 　
A.How do trees conduct electricity？
B.How are trees protected from lightning？
C.Can tree species benefit from lightning？
D.Can lightning harm rainforest ecosystem？
3．（2025 广州二模）For years going home for the holidays has been bittersweet．I appreciate the opportunity to spend quality time with my mom but it is painful for me to see her house littered with stuff （物品）．Clothes bought but never worn，and new items in their original packaging carelessly purchased and never used．It's evident that seeing the stuff on a daily basis reminds my mom of a time when shopping was her way of spending money．
I didn't fully understand the extent to which my mom was suffering until this week，when I saw piles of clothes on her bed， "How do you manage to sleep every night with all that stuff，Mom？" I asked．To my horror，she replied， "I do it because I know I have to get rid of all this stuff eventually；I am punishing myself by sleeping with them until I do that．"
Shocked and upset，I gently explained to her that punishing herself was only to make things worse，and that everybody deserves a place to sleep in peace，no matter what mistakes they've made．I suggested she move all the stuff upstairs，leaving her room comfortable to sleep in．
With patience and her slow but steady guidance，I helped her go through some of the piles and move them upstairs．For the rest of the week I stayed there，she was in a better mood and was excited about going﹣through the rest of the house to finally get rid of her stuff﹣past mistakes and painful times．The items brought' back painful memories as we inspected and moved them，but I kept reminding her that removing them would allow her to move on and heal．We finally sold so many things and took bag after bag to charity．
The stuff is just a sign of the destructive patterns of self﹣hatred on past mistakes．Only through the act of self﹣forgiveness can we bring about a chain reaction of reorganizing﹣ both of the house and heart．
（1）What made the author feel bitter？　 　
A．She couldn't understand her mom's sorrows．
B．Her mom was stuck in the painful memories．
C．Her mom was always left alone at home．
D．Her mom wasted money on useless things，
（2）The underlined word "that" in the second paragraph refers to　 　 ．
A．getting rid of the stuff
B．buying the stuff
C．opening the stuff
D．moving the stuff
（3）We can infer from the passage that　 　 ．
A．the author never bought her mom anything
B．the author's mom has no money to purchase now
C．the author s mom regrets buying so many things
D．the author knows her mom's suffering only this week
（4）What's the best title of the passage？　 　
A．How to do shopping wisely．
B．The importance of self﹣forgiveness．
C．Keep an eye on the elderly's behavior．
D．Clearance helps remove suffering．
4．（2025 射阳县校级模拟） A garden constructed with "humble" clay fashioned into 3 D﹣printed bricks has claimed the first green medal at the Chelsea Flower Show for being the most environmentally sustainable design.
The Chelsea Flower Show，a celebrated global event held annually at Chelsea，London，has been a cornerstone of the gardening calendar since 1913.It began as a way to showcase the latest trends in gardening and plant varieties.The Environmental Innovation Award is the first of its sort and goes along with the gold，silver and bronze medals awarded to the most attractive and interesting gardens.
Giulio Giorgi，a first﹣time Chelsea designer，stated he created the green﹣medal﹣winning garden with no concrete.Most gardens contain concrete in some form and the materials they are built from often generate the highest carbon footprint.
While the employment of pollinator﹣friendly plants，wild areas and sensible use of water are well﹣known easy ways to make a garden more sustainable，Giorgi said it was crucial to focus on the building materials as their carbon footprint was often overlooked.
"We typically use a lot of metal，glue，cement and then all the energy we have to put in to build the gardens.The material in our garden is low﹣temperature﹣fired clay，a resource that can be found pretty much everywhere.We made this clay into 3 D﹣printed bricks，connecting ancient tradition with novel practices so carbon emissions are the lowest possible，if any.The bricks，peppered with tiny holes，can absorb water and release it when drought strikes plants，" said Giorgi.
Judges considered end﹣of﹣life plans for the gardens and whether materials could be reused.The 3 D﹣printed nature of Giorgi's garden means it can easily be taken apart and put together again.As a result，when it is relocated to RHS Garden Wisley，where it will live on after the show as an educational facility，the carbon emissions will be low as no materials will be wasted.
（1）What do we know about the Chelsea Flower Show？ 　 　
A.It values sustainability as well as appeal.
B.Its initial aim was to encourage outdoor fitness.
C.It requires competing gardens to be concrete﹣free.
D.It has a long﹣standing tradition of championing greenness.
（2）What advantage does clay have over other building materials according to Giorgi？ 　 　
A.It catches fire less easily.
B.It's more durable and absorbent.
C.It takes less labor to produce.
D.It's eco﹣friendly and more available.
（3）What will become of Giorgi's garden after the show？ 　 　
A.It'll be sold publicly.
B.It'll serve as an urban landmark.
C.It'll be turned into a school.
D.It'll come into play in another spot.
（4）What can be the best title for the text？ 　 　
A.Clay Bricks：Recyclable Building Material
B.Chelsea Flower Show：Celebration of Gardening
C.Garden with Clay Bricks：Winner of Green Medal
D.Giulio Giorgi：Designer Enthusiastic about High﹣Tech
5．（2025 射阳县校级模拟） Some of the world's 7，000 languages disappear annually and many are endangered for not being spoken widely in formal settings like schools.A quiet fightback is under way in communities that feel their traditions are drowned out by the dominance of the most globally spoken languages.
Tochi Precious，a Nigerian，says， "It pains me to see a language dying off，because it's not just about the language，but about the history and culture associated with it." It was the community aspect that brought her to join efforts to save Igbo，an endangered African language.Ensuring there's a substantial record of words and meanings，and how it is written and used is key，according to campaigners like Precious，who aid others in their languages' protection through the organisation Wikitongues.
Amrit Sufi，an Indian speaking Angika，records videos and uploads them to preserve its oral culture via Wikitongues，too. "It's urgent to document and make it accessible，not just stored in a library，" she says. "Oral culture is disappearing as new generations are more subject to consuming industry﹣produced music rather than sitting in groups and singing.They're ashamed to speak it due to a perceived dishonor attached to it，seeing Angika beneath dominant languages."
Wikitongues focuses on helping document languages using collective resources such as dictionaries and alternative﹣language Wikipedia entries.Wikipedia is favoured by language activists as a way to upload media and build effective and affordable dictionaries.
There are moves to use artificial intelligence to document languages by processing texts and feeding them into chatbots.Many activists create books，videos and munity radio stations also have a long record of providing services in local languages.Despite such preservation，activists then have to persuade people to use a language —a major challenge.
"While Igbo is one of Nigeria's largest languages，parents believe only English is useful for children's future，insisting that if they don't speak English，they appear ignorant and don't belong，" Precious says. "But efforts to save it have worked —the language is flowering again."
（1）How do Precious and Sufi help prevent language loss？　 　
A.Through national programs.
B.Through word of mouth.
C.Through mass music formats.
D.Through Internet technology.
（2）What may be the reason for the downfall of Angika according to Sufi？　 　
A.Decline in population.
B.Lack of job﹣market demands.
C.Prejudice against Angika.
D.Absence of formal education.
（3）What is the toughest thing facing activists about an endangered language？　 　
A.Promoting its use.
B.Building community cooperation.
C.Obtaining financial support.
D.Getting advanced recording devices.
（4）What is Precious' attitude towards the Igbo rescue move？　 　
A.Skeptical.
B.Positive.
C.Pessimistic.
D.Uncaring.
三．信息匹配（共1小题）
6．（2023 江苏二模）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
"If you buy things you do not need，soon you will have to sell things you need. " This is a piece of wise advice from Warren Buffet，arguably one of the greatest financial minds of the 21st century. （1）　 　 This is true especially in the present economic climate.
While the idea of being frugal（节俭的）has long been a part of Eastern culture，the relatively recent growth of wealth in China as well as the ease of purchasing has led to increased consumerism for many across the country.Yet this increased consumption of goods has been pushing up the prices of certain bare essentials such as housing，transportation and food，which is forcing people to reevaluate their priorities while spending money. （2）　 　
The internet is flooded with advice on where one can save money as well as good opinions about how they should spend their money.For example，clothes can be bought second﹣hand，but you should never skip a visit to the dentist. （3）　 　 In the meanwhile，you should limit those that are fancy but not entirely necessary.Of course，it is still fine to occasionally spend money on a nice vacation，but buying thirty pairs of shoes you will only wear a few times is neither responsible nor sustainable.
Hopefully，we all fully understand at this point that the resources on the earth are indeed limited. （4）　 　 As a result，the choice（forced or not） to be frugal is not only good for one's wallet，but also beneficial to the planet in the long run.Have you ever chosen to starve yourself to get a pair of limited﹣edition sneakers？（5）　 　
A.A continuous growth model on this planet is by no means sustainable.
B.These words have always not been taken seriously by young people.
C.They are meant to encourage people to buy more stuff than they need.
D.It makes sense to prioritize goods and services that directly affect your health.
E.It is no wonder then that being frugal is once again becoming a dominant trend.
F.Many young people today appear to be taking these words very much to heart.
G.If so，it is high time you started making changes for yourself and for all humanity.
四．语法填空（共1小题）
7．（2025 德州一模） Archaeologists have unearthed the smallest known cat fossil （化石） at the Hualongdong site in eastern China.It has been identified as（1）　 　 extinct species of leopard cat named Prionailurus kurteni，which was so small that it could（2）　 　 （comfortable） fit in a hand.It was comparable（3）　 　 size to the two smallest existing feline （猫科） species —the rusty﹣spotted cat and the black﹣footed cat.
The（4）　 　 （origin） biology research supported the belief of a common ancestor for the leopard cat，the domestic cat and Pallas cat.However，no fossil evidence had been identified before the（5）　 　 （discover）.Forest habitats（6）　 　 leopard cats live are not ideally suited to bone preservation.
Finding the fossil of an inclined first molar （臼齿） means（7）　 　 （have） evidence from its jawbone and teeth that supports the idea of a common ancestor for all three cat species.
Chinese scientists have discovered dozens of primitive human fossils at the site dating back 300，000 years.These fossils（8）　 　 （find） so far are the earliest ones in East Asia，which are part of the evolutionary process of modern humans.They first（9）　 　 （appear） in Africa some 315，000 years ago，but it wasn't until around 45，000 years ago（10）　 　 they emerged in eastern Asia.The animal fossils help cast light on the environment，diet and potential threats faced by primitive humans.
五．书面表达（共2小题）
8．（2025 台州模拟）你校英文报Youth举办以"高三年级是否应该开设音乐课"为主题的征文比赛，请你写一篇短文投稿。内容包括：
（1）陈述观点；
（2）说明理由。
注意：
（1）写作词数应为80个左右；
（2）请按如下格式作答。
Should Music Classes Be Offered to Senior 3 Students？
___________________________________
9．（2025 深圳模拟） Mitchell and Brena had been laboring diligently on their English project for several weeks，dedicating countless hours to research，writing，and rehearsals.Their presentation day finally dawned，and as they stood at the front of the classroom，a palpable tension mingled with excitement filled the air.Mitchell，feeling a sudden surge of confidence，took a deep breath and began to speak，his voice steady and clear.Brena，standing beside him，offered an encouraging smile，which bolstered his resolve and eased his nerves.
Their presentation unfolded with remarkable success.The class was thoroughly engaged，their eyes following every slide，their ears attuned to every word.The teacher，visibly impressed，commended them not only for their creativity but also for their exceptional teamwork，highlighting how well they complemented each other's strengths.As the presentation concluded，a wave of relief and satisfaction washed over Mitchell and Brena.
After the presentation，Brena turned to Mitchell，her eyes sparkling with pride and camaraderie."We make a great team，don't we？"she remarked，her voice filled with genuine warmth and appreciation.Mitchell nodded，a profound sense of accomplishment and happiness swelling within him.As they began to walk back to their seats，Brena suddenly paused，a thoughtful expression crossing her face.
"Mitchell， "she began，her voice now tinged with a hint of nervousness， "I've been thinking...Would you like to go to the school dance with me next week？"Her question hung in the air ，filled with sincerity and a touch of vulnerability.Mitchell's heart skipped a beat，taken aback by the unexpected invitation.He took a moment to collect his thoughts，feeling a rush of emotions.
"I would love to，Brena， "he replied，his voice steady and sincere，a smile spreading across his face.As they continued to walk，Mitchell felt a profound sense of joy and anticipation building within him.In that moment，he realized that sometimes，the most cherished dreams are the ones that catch you by surprise，and the best things in life are often the ones you never expected，yet always hoped for.
注意：
（1）写作词数应为150个左右；
（2）请按如下格式在答题卡相应位置作答.
Mitchell and Brena spent the next week preparing for the dance.______
As they entered the dance，Mitchell felt a mix of excitement and nervousness._______
2025届高考英语模拟预测卷（新高考Ⅰ）
参考答案与试题解析
一．完形填空（共1小题）
1．（2025 湖南二模） I had started my academic journey as a university instructor in Ethiopia，where I found considerable satisfaction in mentoring（指导）students.
However，the （1）　D　 opportunities and resources there made it difficult to pursue my own growth，so I went to the United States for my Ph.D．and postdoc.I assumed success meant （2）　A　 a position at a highly research﹣related institution.
But during my postdoc，I realized I needed to change my （3）　B　 .I am a father of two daughters，one of whom requires long﹣term medical care.My modest （4）　C　 and limited benefits brought me financial instability and emotional （5）　B　 .Professional stress bled into my home life.In turn，the weight of my personal （6）　C　 made professional setbacks more disastrous.Trapped in this （7）　A　 ，I began to reconsider my career path.
I applied to several positions，and was delighted when I started to receive invitations to interview.The campus visits included teaching （8）　D　 ，discussions about mentoring，and an emphasis on how I would （9）　B　 research into a student﹣centered environment.Such requirements were （10）　D　 but refreshing，helping confirm that I was heading in the right direction.The students' engagement and curiosity （11）　A　 my passion for mentorship.And research didn't disappear—perspectives on it （12）　A　 .
I've learned to redefine （13）　C　 after 2 years into my current position.It isn't （14）　D　 about high﹣impact publications or grants（拨款）.It's about asking meaningful research questions， （15）　B　 opportunities for students to grow，and maintaining a balance between professional ambitions and personal well﹣being.
（1） A．adequate B．constant C．invaluable D．rare
（2） A．securing B．expecting C．creating D．analyzing
（3） A．routine B．perspective C．temper D．major
（4） A．ambition B．personality C．salary D．attitude
（5） A．disappearance B．exhaustion C．control D．reliance
（6） A．weaknesses B．failures C．responsibilities D．gains
（7） A．cycle B．institution C．mistake D．region
（8） A．reflections B．preparations C．summaries D．demonstrations
（9） A．classify B．integrate C．pour D．transform
（10） A．measurable B．comparable C．amusing D．challenging
（11） A．refueled B．redefined C．developed D．clarified
（12） A．evolved B．ceased C．restored D．increased
（13） A．eagerness B．happiness C．success D．progress
（14） A．randomly B．wildly C．vividly D．narrowly
（15） A．leaving out B．opening up C．looking forward to D．making up for
【答案】DABCB CADBD AACDB
【分析】作者讲述了自己在埃塞俄比亚开启学术生涯，因当地机会和资源有限赴美深造。在博士后期间，因家庭经济和情感压力以及职业挫折，开始重新考虑职业道路。申请职位并收到面试邀请后，校园访问中的教学演示、导师讨论等要求令人振奋，学生的热情重燃其指导热情，且研究视角发生转变。两年后作者学会重新定义成功，不再只看重高影响力成果或经费，更关注有意义研究、学生成长及平衡职业与个人生活。
【解答】（1）考查形容词及语境理解。A.adequate充足的；B.constant持续的；C.invaluable无价的；D.rare稀少的。句意：然而，埃塞俄比亚的机会和资源很少，这使得我难以追求自己的成长，所以我去了美国攻读博士学位和做博士后研究。根据下文的"made it difficult to pursue my own growth"可知，机会和资源稀少。故选D。
（2）考查动词及语境理解。A.securing获得；B.expecting期待；C.creating创造；D.analyzing分析。句意：我原以为成功意味着在一所高度研究型机构中获得一个职位。根据语境和下文的"a position at a highly research﹣related institution."可知，此处介绍的是作者对成功的理解，所以此处指的是"获得"职位是作者对成功的最初理解。故选A。
（3）考查名词及语境理解。A.routine日常；B.perspective观点，看法；C.temper脾气；D.major专业。句意：但在博士后期间，我意识到我需要改变我对职业的看法。根据下文"I am a father of two daughters，one of whom requires long﹣term medical care."以及"Trapped in this ____（7）____ ，I began to reconsider my career path."可知，作者因为家庭状况，意识到需要改变对职业的"看法"符合语境。故选B。
（4）考查名词及语境理解。A.ambition抱负；B.personality性格；C.salary薪水；D.attitude态度。句意：我微薄的薪水和有限的福利让我陷入财务不稳定和情感疲惫。根据下文的"financial instability"可知，薪水微薄导致经济问题。故选C。
（5）考查名词及语境理解。A.disappearance消失；B.exhaustion疲惫；C.control控制；D.reliance依赖。句意：我微薄的薪水和有限的福利让我陷入财务不稳定和情感疲惫。根据下文的"Professional stress bled into my home life"可知，作者感到身心疲惫。故选B。
（6）考查名词及语境理解。A.weaknesses弱点；B.failures失败；C.responsibilities责任；D.gains收获。句意：反过来，我个人责任的重担让职业挫折更加灾难性。根据上文的"I am a father of two daughters，one of whom requires long﹣term medical care."可知，作者肩负家庭责任。故选C。
（7）考查名词及语境理解。A.cycle循环；B.institution机构；C.mistake错误；D.region地区。句意：被困在这个循环中，我开始重新考虑我的职业道路。根据上文的"My modest ____（4）____ and limited benefits brought me financial instability and emotional ____（5）____ .Professional stress bled into my home life.In turn，the weight of my personal ____（6）____ made professional setbacks more disastrous."可知，职业压力和个人生活的压力相互影响，形成了恶性"循环"符合语境。故选A。
（8）考查名词及语境理解。A.reflections反思；B.preparations准备；C.summaries总结；D.demonstrations演示。句意：校园访问包括教学演示、关于指导学生的讨论，以及如何将研究融入以学生为中心的环境。根据上文的"campus visits"可知，校园访问包括教学 "展示" 和关于指导的讨论，teaching demonstrations为固定搭配，意为"教学演示"。故选D。
（9）考查动词及语境理解。A.classify分类；B.integrate融入；C.pour倾倒；D.transform转变。句意：校园访问包括教学演示、关于指导学生的讨论，以及如何将研究融入以学生为中心的环境。根据上文的"I applied to several positions，and was delighted when I started to receive invitations to interview."以及下文的"into a student﹣centered environment"可知，此处介绍的是作者接受面试的要求，由此可知，此处指的是介绍作者如何将研究需融入教学环境，integrate...into...是固定搭配，意为"将……融入……"。故选B。
（10）考查形容词及语境理解。A.measurable可衡量的；B.comparable可比较的；C.amusing有趣的；D.challenging有挑战性的。句意：这些要求具有挑战性但令人耳目一新，帮助我确认自己正朝着正确的方向前进。根据下文的"but refreshing"可知，此空与"令人耳目一新"为转折关系，所以此处指的是这些要求虽有"挑战性"但令人耳目一新。故选D。
（11）考查动词及语境理解。A.refueled重新点燃；B.redefined重新定义；C.developed发展；D.clarified澄清。句意：学生的参与和好奇心重新点燃了我对指导的热情。根据上文的"Such requirements were ____（10）____ but refreshing，helping confirm that I was heading in the right direction."可知，这些具有挑战性但令人耳目一新的要求帮助作者朝着正确的方向发展，结合下文的"my passion for mentorship"可知，此处指的是学生的参与和好奇心"重新点燃"热情，符合语境。故选A。
（12）考查动词及语境理解。A.evolved演变；B.ceased停止；C.restored恢复；D.increased增加。句意：研究并未消失——对其看法有所演变。根据上文的"I assumed success meant ____（2）____ a position at a highly research﹣related institution."可知，作者以前认为成功意味着拥有一个与研究高度相关的职位，结合下文的"perspectives on it"可知，此处指的是作者对研究的观点发生了变化。故选A。
（13）考查名词及语境理解。A.eagerness渴望；B.happiness幸福；C.success成功；D.progress进步。句意：在我目前职位的两年后，我学会了重新定义成功。根据上文的"I assumed success meant ____（2）____ a position at a highly research﹣related institution."可知，作者以前认为成功意味着拥有一个与研究高度相关的职位，结合下文"It isn't ____（14）____ about high﹣impact publications or grants （拨款）.It's about asking meaningful research questions，____（15）____ opportunities for students to grow，and maintaining a balance between professional ambitions and personal well﹣being."可知，此处指的是作者重新定义了"成功"的含义。故选C。
（14）考查副词及语境理解。A.randomly随机地；B.wildly疯狂地；C.vividly生动地；D.narrowly狭隘地。句意：成功并不仅仅狭隘的关于高影响力的出版物或拨款。根据上文的"I've learned to redefine ____（13）____ after 2 years into my current position."可知，作者在目前的职位两年后对成功有了重新定义，结合下文的"about high﹣impact publications or grants （拨款）."可知，作者认为将成功定义为关于高影响力的出版物或拨款，这应该是对成功狭隘定义。故选D。
（15）考查动词短语及语境理解。A.leaving out遗漏；B.opening up创造；C.looking forward to期待；D.making up for弥补。句意：它关乎提出有意义的研究问题，为学生成长创造机会，并在职业抱负与个人福祉之间保持平衡。根据上文的"It's about asking meaningful research questions"可知，成功在于提出有意义的研究问题，结合下文的"opportunities for students to grow"可知，作者希望为学生创造机会。故选B。
【点评】做完形填空题之前，必须先浏览全文，了解短文的大意，这是非常重要的一个步骤。通过短文所提供的信息，借助语感及相关知识的推断，可以从整体上把握短文的轮廓。在通读全文，了解大意的基础上，便可着手答题。根据习惯用法、固定搭配，并从上下文中找关键性暗示，注意前后对照，逐句精读，逐题分析选项。所有的答案选出之后，应再次通读全文，对所选的答案进行核实调整。
二．阅读理解（共4小题）
2．（2025 永州三模） Being struck by lightning is something humans generally try to avoid.But for at least one tropical tree species，this might be a good thing.
Scientists have long believed that being hit by lightning could have only negative effects on trees. "Your best﹣case scenario（设想） is that you're kind of okay，and your worst﹣case scenario is：you explode in a million bits，" says Evan Gora，a forest ecologist at the Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies in New York State.But after spending many years studying the effects of lightning on rainforests，Gora began wondering whether trees could not only survive this usually deadly event but also actually get some kind of advantage from it.
To find out，he and his colleagues spent several years following the fate of 93 trees from various species in the rainforest of central Panama when they were directly struck by lightning.Nine were from a species known as the almendro （油蜡豆树），a forest giant native to Central and South America that can grow up to 165 feet tall.After the trees were struck，the researchers continued to monitor the ones that survived the shock，checking their overall condition.
The results showed that the almendro trees were very resistant to lightning and minimally damaged.A few other large species also survived the strikes and might have benefitted as well，but lightning had not struck enough of these species for the researchers to be certain.The researchers also assume that the almendro might have evolved to attract lightning—or at least not to avoid it，as most other trees have.Almendro trees' wide crown（树冠） and tall height.which enhance its chance of being hit，make it a living lightning rod（避雷针）.Gora thinks similar abilities to benefit from lightning might be widespread across other species and types of forests.
Allan Carroll，a disturbance ecologist at the University of British Columbia，who wasn't involved in the research，says， "The findings of the study are quite novel and make a significant contribution to our knowledge of plant evolution."
（1）Why does the author quote Evan Gora？　B　
A.To show a fact.
B.To support a point.
C.To explain a concept.
D.To illustrate a phenomenon.
（2）How did researchers study the effects of lightning on trees？　B　
A.They checked the related data yearly.
B.They tracked the subjects for a long time.
C.They compared the height of different trees.
D.They recorded the frequency of lighting occurrences.
（3）What can we learn from paragraph 4？　A　
A.Almendro trees are likely to attract lightning.
B.The result of the research is totally convincing.
C.Being resistant to lightning is common to trees.
D.Almendro trees can get sheltered from lightning.
（4）Which of the following is the best title for the text？　C　
A.How do trees conduct electricity？
B.How are trees protected from lightning？
C.Can tree species benefit from lightning？
D.Can lightning harm rainforest ecosystem？
【答案】BBAC
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项研究，科学家发现闪电击中对某些热带树种可能有益。
【解答】（1）推理判断题。根据文章第二段前两句Scientists have long believed that being hit by lightning could have only negative effects on trees. "Your best﹣case scenario （设想） is that you're kind of okay，and your worst﹣case scenario is：you explode in a million bits，" says Evan Gora，a forest ecologist at the Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies in New York State. （科学家们长期以来一直认为，被闪电击中只会对树木产生负面影响。纽约州卡里生态系统研究所的森林生态学家Evan Gora说："最好的情况是，你基本没事，而最坏的情况是，你会被炸得粉碎。"）可知，作者引用Evan Gora的话是为了支持一个观点，即长期以来科学家认为被闪电击中对树木只有负面影响。故选B。
（2）细节理解题。根据第三段第一句To find out，he and his colleagues spent several years following the fate of 93 trees from various species in the rainforest of central Panama when they were directly struck by lightning. （为了找到答案，他和他的同事们花了几年时间追踪巴拿马中部热带雨林中93棵不同种类的树木在直接被闪电击中后的命运。）可知，研究人员通过长时间追踪被雷击的树木来研究雷击对树木的影响。故选B。
（3）细节理解题。根据文章第四段第三句The researchers also assume that the almendro might have evolved to attract lightning — or at least not to avoid it，as most other trees have. （研究人员还假设，油蜡豆树可能已经进化到吸引闪电——或者至少不像大多数其他树木那样避免闪电。）可知，油蜡豆树有可能吸引闪电。故选A。
（4）文章标题题。根据文章第一段最后一句But for at least one tropical tree species，this might be a good thing. （但对于至少一种热带树种来说，这可能是一件好事。）以及全文内容可知，文章主要探讨的是某些树种是否可能从雷击中获得益处，所以选项C.Can tree species benefit from lightning？（树种能从闪电中受益吗？）能够概括文章内容，适合作为文章标题。故选C。
【点评】做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。
3．（2025 广州二模）For years going home for the holidays has been bittersweet．I appreciate the opportunity to spend quality time with my mom but it is painful for me to see her house littered with stuff （物品）．Clothes bought but never worn，and new items in their original packaging carelessly purchased and never used．It's evident that seeing the stuff on a daily basis reminds my mom of a time when shopping was her way of spending money．
I didn't fully understand the extent to which my mom was suffering until this week，when I saw piles of clothes on her bed， "How do you manage to sleep every night with all that stuff，Mom？" I asked．To my horror，she replied， "I do it because I know I have to get rid of all this stuff eventually；I am punishing myself by sleeping with them until I do that．"
Shocked and upset，I gently explained to her that punishing herself was only to make things worse，and that everybody deserves a place to sleep in peace，no matter what mistakes they've made．I suggested she move all the stuff upstairs，leaving her room comfortable to sleep in．
With patience and her slow but steady guidance，I helped her go through some of the piles and move them upstairs．For the rest of the week I stayed there，she was in a better mood and was excited about going﹣through the rest of the house to finally get rid of her stuff﹣past mistakes and painful times．The items brought' back painful memories as we inspected and moved them，but I kept reminding her that removing them would allow her to move on and heal．We finally sold so many things and took bag after bag to charity．
The stuff is just a sign of the destructive patterns of self﹣hatred on past mistakes．Only through the act of self﹣forgiveness can we bring about a chain reaction of reorganizing﹣ both of the house and heart．
（1）What made the author feel bitter？　B　
A．She couldn't understand her mom's sorrows．
B．Her mom was stuck in the painful memories．
C．Her mom was always left alone at home．
D．Her mom wasted money on useless things，
（2）The underlined word "that" in the second paragraph refers to　A　 ．
A．getting rid of the stuff
B．buying the stuff
C．opening the stuff
D．moving the stuff
（3）We can infer from the passage that　C　 ．
A．the author never bought her mom anything
B．the author's mom has no money to purchase now
C．the author s mom regrets buying so many things
D．the author knows her mom's suffering only this week
（4）What's the best title of the passage？　D　
A．How to do shopping wisely．
B．The importance of self﹣forgiveness．
C．Keep an eye on the elderly's behavior．
D．Clearance helps remove suffering．
【答案】见试题解答内容
【分析】文章介绍作者的妈妈过去喜欢买一些不必要的东西，后来妈妈很后悔这些行为，作者帮助妈妈克服这种痛苦．
【解答】（1）B．细节理解题．根据文章第二段的句子I didn't fully understand the extent to which my mom was suffering until this week，可知，作者的妈妈被困在痛苦的记忆中使作者很痛苦．故选B．
（2）A．指代题．根据划线词前面的I do it because I know I have to get rid of all this stuff eventually可知，that指的是摆脱这些东西．故选A．
（3）C．推理判断题．根据文章第二段的句子 To my horror，she replied， "I do it because I know I have to get rid of all this stuff eventually；I am punishing myself by sleeping with them until I do that．"可知，作者的妈妈后悔买这么多的东西．故选C．
（4）D．标题判断题．根据全文和倒数第二段的句子 but I kept reminding her that removing them would allow her to move on and heal．可知，文章主要介绍清除有助于消除痛苦．
【点评】做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案．推理判断题也是要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据．
4．（2025 射阳县校级模拟） A garden constructed with "humble" clay fashioned into 3 D﹣printed bricks has claimed the first green medal at the Chelsea Flower Show for being the most environmentally sustainable design.
The Chelsea Flower Show，a celebrated global event held annually at Chelsea，London，has been a cornerstone of the gardening calendar since 1913.It began as a way to showcase the latest trends in gardening and plant varieties.The Environmental Innovation Award is the first of its sort and goes along with the gold，silver and bronze medals awarded to the most attractive and interesting gardens.
Giulio Giorgi，a first﹣time Chelsea designer，stated he created the green﹣medal﹣winning garden with no concrete.Most gardens contain concrete in some form and the materials they are built from often generate the highest carbon footprint.
While the employment of pollinator﹣friendly plants，wild areas and sensible use of water are well﹣known easy ways to make a garden more sustainable，Giorgi said it was crucial to focus on the building materials as their carbon footprint was often overlooked.
"We typically use a lot of metal，glue，cement and then all the energy we have to put in to build the gardens.The material in our garden is low﹣temperature﹣fired clay，a resource that can be found pretty much everywhere.We made this clay into 3 D﹣printed bricks，connecting ancient tradition with novel practices so carbon emissions are the lowest possible，if any.The bricks，peppered with tiny holes，can absorb water and release it when drought strikes plants，" said Giorgi.
Judges considered end﹣of﹣life plans for the gardens and whether materials could be reused.The 3 D﹣printed nature of Giorgi's garden means it can easily be taken apart and put together again.As a result，when it is relocated to RHS Garden Wisley，where it will live on after the show as an educational facility，the carbon emissions will be low as no materials will be wasted.
（1）What do we know about the Chelsea Flower Show？ 　A　
A.It values sustainability as well as appeal.
B.Its initial aim was to encourage outdoor fitness.
C.It requires competing gardens to be concrete﹣free.
D.It has a long﹣standing tradition of championing greenness.
（2）What advantage does clay have over other building materials according to Giorgi？ 　D　
A.It catches fire less easily.
B.It's more durable and absorbent.
C.It takes less labor to produce.
D.It's eco﹣friendly and more available.
（3）What will become of Giorgi's garden after the show？ 　D　
A.It'll be sold publicly.
B.It'll serve as an urban landmark.
C.It'll be turned into a school.
D.It'll come into play in another spot.
（4）What can be the best title for the text？ 　C　
A.Clay Bricks：Recyclable Building Material
B.Chelsea Flower Show：Celebration of Gardening
C.Garden with Clay Bricks：Winner of Green Medal
D.Giulio Giorgi：Designer Enthusiastic about High﹣Tech
【答案】见试题解答内容
【分析】这是一篇说明文，主要介绍一个用"普通"粘土制成的3 D打印砖建造的花园在切尔西花展上获得了第一枚绿色奖章。
【解答】（1）细节理解题。由本文第二段The Environmental Innovation Award is the first of its sort and goes along with the gold，silver and bronze medals awarded to the most attractive and interesting gardens.（环境创新奖是此类奖项中的首个，它与授予最具吸引力和趣味性花园的金、银、铜牌一同设立。）可知，切尔西花展既看重花园的吸引力，也重视其可持续性可知，切尔西花展重视可持续性和外观，故选A。
（2）细节理解题。由本文第五段We typically use a lot of metal，glue，cement and then all the energy we have to put in to build the gardens.The material in our garden is low ﹣ temperature ﹣ fired clay，a resource that can be found pretty much everywhere.We made this clay into 3 D ﹣ printed bricks，connecting ancient tradition with novel practices so carbon emissions are the lowest possible，if any.（我们通常会使用大量的金属、胶水、水泥，还要投入大量能源来建造花园。我们花园使用的材料是低温烧制的粘土，这是一种几乎随处可见的资源。我们把这种粘土制成 3 D 打印砖，将古老传统与新方法相结合，尽可能降低碳排放，如果有的话。）可知，与其他建筑材料相比，粘土更环保且更易获取，故选D。
（3）细节理解题。由本文最后一段中The 3 D﹣printed nature of Giorgi's garden means it can easily be taken apart and put together again.As a result，when it is relocated to RHS Garden Wisley，where it will live on after the show as an educational facility，the carbon emissions will be low as no materials will be wasted.（Giorgi的花园是3 D打印的，这意味着它可以很容易地拆开再组装起来。因此，当它被搬迁到RHS Garden Wisley时，它将在展览结束后作为一个教育设施存在，碳排放将很低，因为没有材料浪费。）可知，Giorgi的花园在展览结束后会被搬迁到另一个地方发挥作用，故选D。
（4）标题判断题。由本文内容，尤其是第一段A garden constructed with 'humble' clay fashioned into 3 D﹣printed bricks has claimed the first green medal at the Chelsea Flower Show for being the most environmentally sustainable design.（一个用'普通'粘土制成的3 D打印砖建造的花园在切尔西花展上获得了第一枚绿色奖章，因为它是最环保的可持续设计。）可知，文章主要讲述一个用"普通"粘土制成的3 D打印砖建造的花园在切尔西花展上获得了第一枚绿色奖章，C项"粘土砖花园：绿色奖章获得者"为最佳标题，故选C。
【点评】阅读理解解题步骤：首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意，因为阅读理解题一般没有标题，所以，速读全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速读的过程中，应尽可能多地捕获信息材料；其次细读题材，各个击破，掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读每篇材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息，要善于抓住每段的主题句，阅读时，要有较强的针对性，对于捕获到的信息，要做认真分析，仔细推敲，理解透彻，只有这样，针对题目要求，才能做到稳、准。
5．（2025 射阳县校级模拟） Some of the world's 7，000 languages disappear annually and many are endangered for not being spoken widely in formal settings like schools.A quiet fightback is under way in communities that feel their traditions are drowned out by the dominance of the most globally spoken languages.
Tochi Precious，a Nigerian，says， "It pains me to see a language dying off，because it's not just about the language，but about the history and culture associated with it." It was the community aspect that brought her to join efforts to save Igbo，an endangered African language.Ensuring there's a substantial record of words and meanings，and how it is written and used is key，according to campaigners like Precious，who aid others in their languages' protection through the organisation Wikitongues.
Amrit Sufi，an Indian speaking Angika，records videos and uploads them to preserve its oral culture via Wikitongues，too. "It's urgent to document and make it accessible，not just stored in a library，" she says. "Oral culture is disappearing as new generations are more subject to consuming industry﹣produced music rather than sitting in groups and singing.They're ashamed to speak it due to a perceived dishonor attached to it，seeing Angika beneath dominant languages."
Wikitongues focuses on helping document languages using collective resources such as dictionaries and alternative﹣language Wikipedia entries.Wikipedia is favoured by language activists as a way to upload media and build effective and affordable dictionaries.
There are moves to use artificial intelligence to document languages by processing texts and feeding them into chatbots.Many activists create books，videos and munity radio stations also have a long record of providing services in local languages.Despite such preservation，activists then have to persuade people to use a language —a major challenge.
"While Igbo is one of Nigeria's largest languages，parents believe only English is useful for children's future，insisting that if they don't speak English，they appear ignorant and don't belong，" Precious says. "But efforts to save it have worked —the language is flowering again."
（1）How do Precious and Sufi help prevent language loss？　D　
A.Through national programs.
B.Through word of mouth.
C.Through mass music formats.
D.Through Internet technology.
（2）What may be the reason for the downfall of Angika according to Sufi？　C　
A.Decline in population.
B.Lack of job﹣market demands.
C.Prejudice against Angika.
D.Absence of formal education.
（3）What is the toughest thing facing activists about an endangered language？　A　
A.Promoting its use.
B.Building community cooperation.
C.Obtaining financial support.
D.Getting advanced recording devices.
（4）What is Precious' attitude towards the Igbo rescue move？　B　
A.Skeptical.
B.Positive.
C.Pessimistic.
D.Uncaring.
【答案】见试题解答内容
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了世界上每年都有语言消失，为此有人通过互联网技术来防止语言丧失。
【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据第二段Ensuring there's a substantial record of words and meanings，and how it is written and used is key，according to campaigners like Precious，who aid others in their languages' protection through the organisation Wikitongues.（像Precious这样的活动人士通过维基语言组织帮助其他人保护他们的语言，他们表示，确保有大量的单词和含义记录，以及如何书写和使用是关键）可知，Precious和Sufi通过互联网技术帮助防止语言丧失。故选D。
（2）细节理解题。根据第三段They're ashamed to speak it due to a perceived dishonor attached to it，seeing Angika beneath dominant languages.（他们羞于说这句话，因为他们觉得这是一种耻辱，认为安吉卡在主流语言之下）可知，Sufi认为对安吉卡的偏见导致了安吉卡的衰败。故选C。
（3）细节理解题。根据倒数第二段Despite such preservation，activists then have to persuade people to use a language — a major challenge.（尽管有这样的保护，活动人士还必须说服人们使用一种语言——这是一个重大挑战）可知，对于濒危语言，活动人士面临的最大难题是促进其使用。故选A。
（4）观点态度题。根据最后一段But efforts to save it have worked — the language is flowering again.（但拯救它的努力取得了成效——这种语言再次开花结果）可知，Precious对伊博人的救援行动持积极态度。故选B。
【点评】做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。做题时要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。
三．信息匹配（共1小题）
6．（2023 江苏二模）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
"If you buy things you do not need，soon you will have to sell things you need. " This is a piece of wise advice from Warren Buffet，arguably one of the greatest financial minds of the 21st century. （1）　F　 This is true especially in the present economic climate.
While the idea of being frugal（节俭的）has long been a part of Eastern culture，the relatively recent growth of wealth in China as well as the ease of purchasing has led to increased consumerism for many across the country.Yet this increased consumption of goods has been pushing up the prices of certain bare essentials such as housing，transportation and food，which is forcing people to reevaluate their priorities while spending money. （2）　E　
The internet is flooded with advice on where one can save money as well as good opinions about how they should spend their money.For example，clothes can be bought second﹣hand，but you should never skip a visit to the dentist. （3）　D　 In the meanwhile，you should limit those that are fancy but not entirely necessary.Of course，it is still fine to occasionally spend money on a nice vacation，but buying thirty pairs of shoes you will only wear a few times is neither responsible nor sustainable.
Hopefully，we all fully understand at this point that the resources on the earth are indeed limited. （4）　A　 As a result，the choice（forced or not） to be frugal is not only good for one's wallet，but also beneficial to the planet in the long run.Have you ever chosen to starve yourself to get a pair of limited﹣edition sneakers？（5）　G　
A.A continuous growth model on this planet is by no means sustainable.
B.These words have always not been taken seriously by young people.
C.They are meant to encourage people to buy more stuff than they need.
D.It makes sense to prioritize goods and services that directly affect your health.
E.It is no wonder then that being frugal is once again becoming a dominant trend.
F.Many young people today appear to be taking these words very much to heart.
G.If so，it is high time you started making changes for yourself and for all humanity.
【答案】见试题解答内容
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了21世纪年轻人的节俭观念。
【解答】（1）推理判断题。根据上文"If you buy things you do not need，soon you will have to sell things you need. " This is a piece of wise advice from Warren Buffet，arguably one of the greatest financial minds of the 21st century. （"如果你买了不需要的东西，很快你就必须卖掉你需要的东西。"这是沃伦 巴菲特的一条明智建议，他可以说是21世纪最伟大的金融大亨之一。）和下文This is true especially in the present economic climate.（这是事实，尤其是在目前的经济环境下。）可知，选项F"如今，许多年轻人似乎非常重视这些话"中these words指的是巴菲特所说的话，符合语境，上下文衔接自然顺畅。故选F。
（2）推理判断题。根据上文While the idea of being frugal（节俭的）has long been a part of Eastern culture，the relatively recent growth of wealth in China as well as the ease of purchasing has led to increased consumerism for many across the country.Yet this increased consumption of goods has been pushing up the prices of certain bare essentials such as housing，transportation and food，which is forcing people to reevaluate their priorities while spending money.（虽然节俭的观念长期以来一直是东方文化的一部分，但中国相对较新的财富增长以及购买的便利性导致了全国许多人的消费主义加剧。然而，这种商品消费的增加推高了住房、交通和食品等一些基本必需品的价格，这迫使人们重新评估他们在花钱时的优先事项。）可知，这些是年轻人节俭的社会原因。选项E"因此，节俭再次成为主流也就不足为奇了"和上文意思一致。故选E。
（3）推理判断题。根据上文For example，clothes can be bought second﹣hand，but you should never skip a visit to the dentist.（例如，衣服可以买二手的，但你永远不应该错过看牙医的机会。）可知，花钱的时候要先考虑健康。选项D"优先考虑直接影响你健康的商品和服务是有意义的"和上文意思一致，语义连贯。故选D。
（4）推理判断题。根据上文 Hopefully，we all fully understand at this point that the resources on the earth are indeed limited.（希望在这一点上，我们都能充分理解地球上的资源确实是有限的。）可知，这里提到地球上的资源确实是有限的，选项A"这个星球上的持续增长模式是不可持续的"和上文意思一致，符合语境。故选A。
（5）推理判断题。根据上文Have you ever chosen to starve yourself to get a pair of limited﹣edition sneakers？（你有设有选择饿着肚子去买一双限量版运动鞋？）可知，选项G"如果是这样的话，现在是你开始为自己和全人类做出改变的时候了"中so指代上文"饿着肚子去买一双限量版运动鞋"，与上文语义衔接自然流畅，符合逻辑关系。故选G。
【点评】七选五阅读是完成性阅读，和完形填空很类似，不同的是一个选词，一个选句子。解题时，要注意上下文语境，充分考虑信息词（选项中和空格前后句子中相同或相近的词），选出最符合语境的句子。
四．语法填空（共1小题）
7．（2025 德州一模） Archaeologists have unearthed the smallest known cat fossil （化石） at the Hualongdong site in eastern China.It has been identified as（1）　an　 extinct species of leopard cat named Prionailurus kurteni，which was so small that it could（2）　comfortably　 （comfortable） fit in a hand.It was comparable（3）　in　 size to the two smallest existing feline （猫科） species —the rusty﹣spotted cat and the black﹣footed cat.
The（4）　original　 （origin） biology research supported the belief of a common ancestor for the leopard cat，the domestic cat and Pallas cat.However，no fossil evidence had been identified before the（5）　discovery　 （discover）.Forest habitats（6）　where　 leopard cats live are not ideally suited to bone preservation.
Finding the fossil of an inclined first molar （臼齿） means（7）　having　 （have） evidence from its jawbone and teeth that supports the idea of a common ancestor for all three cat species.
Chinese scientists have discovered dozens of primitive human fossils at the site dating back 300，000 years.These fossils（8）　found　 （find） so far are the earliest ones in East Asia，which are part of the evolutionary process of modern humans.They first（9）　appeared　 （appear） in Africa some 315，000 years ago，but it wasn't until around 45，000 years ago（10）　that　 they emerged in eastern Asia.The animal fossils help cast light on the environment，diet and potential threats faced by primitive humans.
【答案】（1）an （2）comfortably （3）in （4）original （5）discovery（6）where（7）having（8）found（9）appeared（10）that
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了考古学家在中国东部华龙洞遗址发现了一种体型最小的熟知的猫化石，
同时进一步介绍了这种已经灭绝的物种豹猫的一些习性和化石的发现情况。
【解答】（1）考查冠词。句意：它已经被确定为一种已经灭绝的豹猫，名为Prionailurus kurteni，它体格很小，甚至和人的手一样大小。此处species指物种，这词的单数和复数相同，因为它是一种动物，所以用an来修饰，且extinct是发音以元音音素开头的单词，用不定冠词an。故填an。
（2）考查副词。句意：它已经被确定为一种已经灭绝的豹猫，名为Prionailurus kurteni，它体格很小，甚至和人的手一样大小。修饰动词fit用副词comfortably作状语。故填comfortably。
（3）考查介词。句意：它的体型堪比现存最小的两种猫科动物——锈斑豹猫和黑足猫。短语in size表示"在体型上"。故填in。
（4）考查形容词。句意：最初的生物学研究支持了豹猫、家猫和帕拉斯猫有共同祖先的观点。修饰名词短语biology research用形容词original作定语。故填original。
（5）考查名词。句意：然而，在这一发现之前，并没有发现化石证据。作介词before的宾语，用名词discovery。故填discovery。
（6）考查定语从句。句意：豹猫生活的森林的环境并不适骨骼的保存。定语从句修饰先行词habitats，关系词替代先行词在从句作live的地点状语，故用关系副词where。故填where。
（7）考查动名词。句意：找到倾斜的第一颗臼齿化石意味着它拥有颚骨和牙齿，这足以证明了这三种猫有共同祖先。短语mean doing sth 表示"意味着做某事"。故填having。
（8）考查过去分词。句意：这些找到的化石是目前在东亚发现的最早的化石，是现代人类进化过程的一部分。此处find与fossils构成逻辑被动关系，意为被发现的化石，应用fine的过去分词found。故填found。
（9）考查时态。句意：它们最早出现在大约31.5万年前的非洲，但直到大约4.5万年前才出现在东亚。根据句中的时间状语some 315，000 years ago可知，谓语动词appear应用一般过去时态appeared。故填appeared。
（10）考查强调句。句意：它们最早出现在大约31.5万年前的非洲，但直到大约4.5万年前才出现在东亚。强调句型it is/was not until…that…表示"直到……才"。故填that。
【点评】语法填空题考查学生的英语知识的综合运用能力，要先理解文章的大意，从词汇和语法等多方面考虑，
结合上下文的语境做出正确答案。
五．书面表达（共2小题）
8．（2025 台州模拟）你校英文报Youth举办以"高三年级是否应该开设音乐课"为主题的征文比赛，请你写一篇短文投稿。内容包括：
（1）陈述观点；
（2）说明理由。
注意：
（1）写作词数应为80个左右；
（2）请按如下格式作答。
Should Music Classes Be Offered to Senior 3 Students？
___________________________________
【答案】
Should Music Classes Be Offered to Senior 3 Students？
As a Senior 3 student，I firmly believe that music classes should be offered to us because they're not only beneficial but also essential，despite the demanding academic workload.
Firstly，music classes provide a much﹣needed mental break.They help us to relax and recharge，which，in turn，promotes focus and productivity when we return to our academic assignments.Secondly，music classes foster our creativity and emotional well﹣being，balancing the logical focus of subjects like math.This balance contributes to our intellectual and emotional growth.
In conclusion，music classes are not a distraction but a vital part of education.They benefit our mental health，contributing to an all﹣round development of education.
【分析】高分句型一：They help us to relax and recharge，which，in turn，promotes focus and productivity when we return to our academic assignments.
译文：它们帮助我们放松和充电，这反过来又促进了我们回到学业任务时的专注力和生产力。
分析：这句话使用了which引导的非限制性定语从句，when引导的时间状语从句。
高分句型二：They benefit our mental health，contributing to an all﹣round development of education.
译文：它们有益于我们的心理健康，有助于教育的全面发展。
分析：这句话使用了现在分词短语contributing to an all﹣round development of education作状语。
【解答】
Should Music Classes Be Offered to Senior 3 Students？
As a Senior 3 student，I firmly believe that music classes should be offered to us because they're not only beneficial but also essential，despite the demanding academic workload.（陈述观点）
Firstly，music classes provide a much﹣needed mental break.They help us to relax and recharge，which，in turn，promotes focus and productivity when we return to our academic assignments.【高分句型一】Secondly，music classes foster our creativity and emotional well﹣being，balancing the logical focus of subjects like math.This balance contributes to our intellectual and emotional growth.（说明理由）
In conclusion，music classes are not a distraction but a vital part of education.They benefit our mental health，contributing to an all﹣round development of education.【高分句型二】（总结）
【点评】这是一篇提纲类作文。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括，缺一不可。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，不能出现文章脱节问题。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。同时注意要求的字数，不要太多也不要太少。
9．（2025 深圳模拟） Mitchell and Brena had been laboring diligently on their English project for several weeks，dedicating countless hours to research，writing，and rehearsals.Their presentation day finally dawned，and as they stood at the front of the classroom，a palpable tension mingled with excitement filled the air.Mitchell，feeling a sudden surge of confidence，took a deep breath and began to speak，his voice steady and clear.Brena，standing beside him，offered an encouraging smile，which bolstered his resolve and eased his nerves.
Their presentation unfolded with remarkable success.The class was thoroughly engaged，their eyes following every slide，their ears attuned to every word.The teacher，visibly impressed，commended them not only for their creativity but also for their exceptional teamwork，highlighting how well they complemented each other's strengths.As the presentation concluded，a wave of relief and satisfaction washed over Mitchell and Brena.
After the presentation，Brena turned to Mitchell，her eyes sparkling with pride and camaraderie."We make a great team，don't we？"she remarked，her voice filled with genuine warmth and appreciation.Mitchell nodded，a profound sense of accomplishment and happiness swelling within him.As they began to walk back to their seats，Brena suddenly paused，a thoughtful expression crossing her face.
"Mitchell， "she began，her voice now tinged with a hint of nervousness， "I've been thinking...Would you like to go to the school dance with me next week？"Her question hung in the air ，filled with sincerity and a touch of vulnerability.Mitchell's heart skipped a beat，taken aback by the unexpected invitation.He took a moment to collect his thoughts，feeling a rush of emotions.
"I would love to，Brena， "he replied，his voice steady and sincere，a smile spreading across his face.As they continued to walk，Mitchell felt a profound sense of joy and anticipation building within him.In that moment，he realized that sometimes，the most cherished dreams are the ones that catch you by surprise，and the best things in life are often the ones you never expected，yet always hoped for.
注意：
（1）写作词数应为150个左右；
（2）请按如下格式在答题卡相应位置作答.
Mitchell and Brena spent the next week preparing for the dance.______
As they entered the dance，Mitchell felt a mix of excitement and nervousness._______
【答案】 Mitchell and Brena spent the next week preparing for the dance.They discussed their outfits ，with Mitchell choosing a sharp ﹣ looking suit and Brena picking a beautiful dress that made her eyes shine even brighter .They also took some time to practice a few dance steps ，laughing and encouraging each other during the process .Their bond grew stronger as they shared these precious moments .They couldn ' t wait for the dance night to arrive ，imagining all the fun they would have together .As they entered the dance，Mitchell felt a mix of excitement and nervousness.The colorful lights and lively music filled the air .Brena squeezed his hand ，giving him a reassuring smile .This simple gesture helped Mitchell calm down a bit .They walked onto the dance floor together .As they started dancing ，Mitchell found himself getting more and more into the rhythm ，forgetting his nerves .Everyone around them seemed to be enjoying the night too .Their dance was a beautiful display of their new ﹣ found closeness .It was a night they would always remember ，a perfect end to their successful project and the beginning of something special between them .
【分析】高分句型一：They also took some time to practice a few dance steps ，laughing and encouraging each other during the process .
翻译：他们也花一些时间练习一些舞步，在此过程中笑着互相鼓励。
分析：用了 laughing and encouraging each other during the process 现在分词作状语。
高分句型二：Everyone around them seemed to be enjoying the night too .
翻译：周围的每个人似乎那天晚上也很快乐。
分析：用了to be enjoying the night 动词不定式的进行时。
【解答】 Mitchell and Brena spent the next week preparing for the dance.They discussed their outfits ，with Mitchell choosing a sharp ﹣ looking suit and Brena picking a beautiful dress that made her eyes shine even brighter .They also took some time to practice a few dance steps ，laughing and encouraging each other during the process .【高分句型一】Their bond grew stronger as they shared these precious moments .They couldn ' t wait for the dance night to arrive ，imagining all the fun they would have together .（为参加学校舞会做准备） As they entered the dance，Mitchell felt a mix of excitement and nervousness.The colorful lights and lively music filled the air .Brena squeezed his hand ，giving him a reassuring smile .This simple gesture helped Mitchell calm down a bit .They walked onto the dance floor together .As they started dancing ，Mitchell found himself getting more and more into the rhythm ，forgetting his nerves .Everyone around them seemed to be enjoying the night too . 【高分句型二】Their dance was a beautiful display of their new ﹣ found closeness .It was a night they would always remember ，a perfect end to their successful project and the beginning of something special between them .（进入舞会现场后的情景）
【点评】（1）品读原文，确定文章线索
每篇文章都有各自独特的写作思路，通过精读文章，找到该篇文章的写作线索。
（2）仔细审题，明确续写要求
注意词数限制使用几处标有下划线的关键词语。续写段落的首句提示，这样考生可以做到"心中有数"。
（3）回扣原

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