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2025届高考英语模拟预测卷（全国甲卷）
一．完形填空（共1小题）
1．（2025 武功县校级二模） The natural world provides humans with essential services.For instance，forests channel water into rivers that irrigate crops while their roots prevent landslides.Over decades，therefore，governments have made （1）　 　 about preserving the world's biodiversity.
However，those promises have been （2）　 　 many times，which has caused the depressing destruction of natural environments.One step towards （3）　 　 yet more disappointment is to emphasize the close link between preserving biodiversity and the （4）　 　 held goal of reaching net﹣zero carbon emissions.Unfortunately，less known is the （5）　 　 between them.
Given that biodiversity has an important （6）　 　 in meeting these carbon﹣reduction goals，you might think it would feature highly in the net﹣zero emissions plans.Not so.For example， （7）　 　 tighter regulation of emissions，many companies are now channeling more time and cash into their firms' carbon footprints （8）　 　 and energy transition，yet the plans have too little to say about biodiversity.
That needs to change.Sale guarding biodiversity is an efficient way to （9）　 　 carbon panies and investment firms should pay more attention to the opportunities from preserving ecosystems.By investing in biodiversity—directing capital to projects that （10）　 　 an ecosystem—companies can offset（抵消）their emissions.By some estimates，projects to manage carbon﹣rich wetlands and to （11）　 　 cleared land could provide more than one﹣third of the emissions reductions that are needed to prevent more than 2℃ of global warming.
The key （12）　 　 managing more capital is better measurement so that the link between investment in natural projects biodiversity and carbon is made （13）　 　 .Today some so﹣called carbon﹣offset projects that involve firms paying money to are questionable and not supported by （14）　 　 .Better guidelines and practice can help and so can new technology.Drones and satellites can improve the measurement of biodiversity and accounting systems can （15）　 　 how spending on biodiversity compares with pouring cash into other kinds of carbon management.
（1） A．promises B．rules C．choices D．events
（2） A．broken B．made C．put D．protected
（3） A．changing B．challenging C．inspiring D．avoiding
（4） A．basically B．perfectly C．widely D．partly
（5） A．belief B．link C．future D．existence
（6） A．role B．place C．land D．tree
（7） A．stuck to B．taken in C．faced with D．cared for
（8） A．structure B．brand C．quality D．reduction
（9） A．strengthen B．control C．explore D．warn
（10） A．repair B．achieve C．store D．survive
（11） A．relieve B．reforest C．reflect D．rebuild
（12） A．by B．of C．to D．for
（13） A．clear B．friendly C．likely D．calm
（14） A．dreams B．invention C．determination D．evidence
（15） A．complain B．measure C．whisper D．deny
二．阅读理解（共4小题）
2．（2025 泸州模拟） This weekend，I sowed the first seeds of the season﹣five varieties of tomato.I'm not one for sowing seeds early，but tomatoes need every day of the growing season to offer up the best possible harvest.
Gardeners and growers are well versed（精通的） in the nature of change.However，despite what plants have taught me about living and working with forces beyond my control，I frequently experience climate anxiety.All it takes is a few days of unexpectedly changeable weather for panic to rise up in my throat.Yet，it is through working with plants that I've found a way of dealing with this particular anxiety ﹣to pay even more attention to the wonder of the natural world instead of choosing to turn away.And right now，as winter gives way to spring，is the ideal time to start a practice of noticing.
On the days I spend with my crops，I resist the urge to dive straight into all there is to do；instead，I first stop to observe what's new and what's changed.I'm hungrily searching for green shoots and swelling buds（花蕾）.I'm drinking in all the signs of new life that remind me that spring has always come and will in all likelihood be beautiful.When anxious headlines make me feel powerless and want to disengage，I develop my sense of essential connection with the natural world.This simply feels more possible in spring.
Despite the very real challenges and dangers we face in this time of climate crisis，the natural world insists on showing us what flexibility and optimism look like and it's our responsibility to take note and follow suit.
As I write these words，I have a blanket on my knees and the window open to allow a silver of the cool breeze to blow in.The world feels fresh and lively and is full of new energy.I trust that the plants I grow this season will thrive.And I know that spring，hopefully one that's overflowing with blossom，is already on its way.
（1）Why did the author begin to plant tomatoes this weekend？ 　 　
A.To ensure sufficient growth time.
B.To promote early planting techniques.
C.To avoid unpredictable spring weather.
D.To experiment with new seed varieties.
（2）What is the purpose of the second paragraph？ 　 　
A.To define gardeners and growers.
B.To share a way to deal with climate anxiety.
C.To criticize those ignoring environmental problems.
D.To argue for gardening as the best nature connection.
（3）What does the author focus on when working in the garden？ 　 　
A.New changes in plants.
B.The harvest of crops.
C.The beautiful surroundings.
D.Daily weather situations.
（4）Which words best describe the author？ 　 　
A.Concerned and anxious.
B.Observant and positive.
C.Considerate but overconfident.
D.Patient but impractical.
3．（2025 达州二模） Although daydreaming is often seen as an enjoyable escape from the dull，tough or repetitive aspects of everyday life，the act of "pleasurable thinking"is more challenging and less satisfying than many people might think，according to a growing body of research.
Years ago，Nicholas Buttrick and his team conducted a study.The researchers asked，"Which is more enjoyable：trying to think enjoyable thoughts or doing daily individual activities？"They found that of the 2，557 participants from 12 sites in 11 countries，most people，across cultures，enjoyed engaging in individual activities more than thinking freely and entertaining themselves with their thoughts as best they could."Participants randomly assigned to do something reported significantly greater gratification than that of participants randomly assigned to think for pleasure，and the results were consistent in every country，"Buttrick concluded.
Recently，a follow﹣up study led by Erin Westgate，a psychology professor at the University of Florida，investigated why so many people do not choose to think for pleasure，and when directed to do so，struggle to concentrate successfully.
The researchers started by providing participants with specific examples of meaningful topics and then instructed them to think"meaningful"thoughts.Surprisingly，they discovered that asking people to think meaningful thoughts actually made daydreaming much less enjoyable than freely thinking about unguided thoughts."I was so confused，"Westgate said.But after analyzing which meaningful topics participants reported thinking about when asked to think about something meaningful，she realized that"they were heavy stuff".
Westgate wants to help people recapture that daydream state，which may boost wellness.Although improving daydream states can be difficult，she recommends priming（指引） the brain to think about topics that are both enjoyable and meaningful.
"It's something that sets us apart.Thinking for pleasure allows us to imagine new realities，"Westgate said."But that kind of thinking requires practice.As you build your ability to daydream，you'll have a source of enjoyable thoughts during stressful times.The next time you're walking，instead of pulling out your phone，try it."
（1）What is the common understanding of "pleasurable thinking"among people？　 　
A.It is a form of relaxation.
B.It is a usual daily practice.
C.It is a sign of wasting time.
D.It is a hard but rewarding activity.
（2）What is the closest meaning to the underlined word"gratification"in paragraph 2？　 　
A.Success.
B.Boredom.
C.Hesitation.
D.Enjoyment.
（3）Which of the following made Westgate puzzled？　 　
A.The research methods.
B.The joy levels of the participants.
C.The participants' choice of meaningful topics.
D.The lack of a clear definition of "meaningful thoughts".
（4）What advice does Westgate give to people？　 　
A.Focusing on new realities.
B.Engaging in physical exercise.
C.Keeping daydreaming during tough times.
D.Daydreaming on both pleasant and significant subjects.
4．（2025 四川模拟）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
With educational resources，you have access to valuable things to help you grow better.Here are four types of them that may be suitable for specific advancements in some areas.
Law 101 Classroom
This classroom provides learners of all ages with a basic understanding of the modern law's text，history，and structure.Drawing on primary source documents，learners will study law cases from a range of diverse voices interactively.Each class you take includes law essays，quality analysis，and expert instructions.All the courses allow you to learn at your own speed according to your situations，so you can fit them into your schedule.
Humanities Library
The humanities refer to courses in two major categories，art and culture，designed to enrich students' knowledge of the world together with their own life.This library provides degree programs in many areas，which allow students to compare their thinking with that of persons from other regions and times，thus enabling them to better understand themselves，the society，and the world with their own mind.
Financial Media Lab
The skills and expertise required for a career in finance are in high demand across countless industries.Luckily，the free platform offers recent graduates，early to mid﹣career professionals and other individuals videos，podcasts，and courses on financial topics，delivered by some world﹣renowned financial management universities.
Act One More Dance Talent Studio
The art studio offers affordable classes that are set up to be weekly dance lessons in all forms.And these lessons are targeted at kids aged 5﹣12 and teens aged 13﹣19 at various dance skill levels，including introductory dance foundation classes.You can enroll anytime during the season，Your enrollment and tuition fee is for the full session season，typically 9﹣12 weeks.
（1）Which word best describes the courses in the Law 101 Classroom？ 　 　
A.Complex.
B.Irrelevant.
C.Traditional.
D.Self﹣paced.
（2）What does the Humanities Library aim to do？ 　 　
A.Provide science programs.
B.Compare different knowledge.
C.Enhance students' ability to think.
D.Lead students to care more about others' lives.
（3）Which department's graduates are most probably interested in the Financial Media Lab？ 　 　
A.Business Administration.
B.News Media.
C.Law.
D.Art.
5．（2025 四川模拟） From an airplane，cars moving slowly down the highway look like ants.But unlike cars，ants manage to avoid the problem of stop﹣and﹣go traffic.Researchers are now studying these insects' helpful ways to learn how to further program self﹣driving cars that run more efficiently and don't get stuck in traffic.
The free flow of traffic becomes not stable as the number of cars increases on a highway.At 15 vehicles per mile per lane（车道），one driver hitting their brakes can start a long﹣lasting wave of traffic jams.
The previous research of Nishinari，a mathematical physicist at the University of Tokyo，had shown that ants looking for food can keep their flow even at high densities （密度）.In a recent study，researchers recorded ants on their way to find food and used traffic﹣engineering models to analyze their movement.They found that the ants don't get stuck because they travel in groups of 3 to 20 that move at almost the same speed while keeping good distances between one another，and they don't speed up to go past others.
Human drivers during the rush hour are hardly likely to follow such rules. "We' re trying to get the most benefits for ourselves，which is why，at a certain point，we start to have a traffic jam，" says study co﹣author Nicola Pugno.But self﹣driving cars，if they one day become very common，could have more cooperative programming.
This vehicle network would be like ants on a trail，which use smell to work together in their behaviors.In both ant and vehicle traffic，this type of system can be very strong and able to recover quickly，according to Nishinari.
Still，ants can do things that cars—even self﹣driving ones—can't.Plus，unlike cars，ants don't crash；they can actually walk over one another.Today's drivers can learn from ants to avoid causing a traffic jam：Keep a safe distance from the car in front.By doing this，drivers can deal with braking in heavy traffic conditions that would otherwise become a big traffic jam.
（1）Why do researchers study ants' behaviors？ 　 　
A．To create a stable environment for ants.
B．To upgrade certain autonomous vehicles.
C．To understand the social interaction among ants.
D．To analyze the differences between ants and cars.
（2）What does paragraph 3 focus on？ 　 　
A．How ants compete for food.
B．How ants keep traffic flowing.
C．How ants get stuck in traffic jams.
D．How ants move at different speeds.
（3）What does Nicola Pugno stress as the cause of traffic jams？ 　 　
A．The profit motive of humans.
B．The inefficiency of traffic rules.
C．The high density of vehicles on the road.
D．The poor performance of self﹣driving cars.
（4）What can we conclude from ants' behaviors？ 　 　
A．Slow and steady wins the race.
B．Two heads are better than one.
C．Actions speak louder than words.
D．United we stand，divided we fall.
三．信息匹配（共1小题）
6．（2025 汉中二模） As the nights draw in，our energy levels will dip，but the demands placed upon us probably won't.Here's how to avoid burnout.
Tick off（给...画上钩） the basics
（1）　 　 Other activities，such as journaling，reading and yoga have been shown to lower cortisol（皮质醇） levels.Even a walk in the woods can help.Studies show that people who regularly go for walks in a forest or in green spaces have lower levels of cortisol.
（2）　 　
The tiger is not outside the cave any more，but we think it is.Modern stresses such as deadlines lead to the same"fight or flight"response as the tiger.Learning to introduce small stresses and practise such as exposure to cold water helps us contextualise the threat and build tolerance.Mindful breathing also helps.It regulates the nervous system.
Set boundaries and stick to them
Good fences make good neighbors.（3）　 　 When we define what we need to feel secure and healthy and protect those parts of ourselves，we can do wonders for our well﹣being.Boundaries may include the hours you work，how much screen time you have，or when you go to bed.
Avoid workplaces where burnout is normalised
The latest State of the Global Workforce report suggests that 40% of the UK employees are stressed.（4）　 　 Watch out for red flags in the recruitment process.Poor communication，ghosting，endless rounds of interviews，repetitive questions and untrained interviewers are bad signs.
Shape your definition of success
Success is a slippery concept.For some，it's about having meaningful relationships and fulfilling experiences；for others，it's tied to career wins and financial gains.Defining what success means to you is a first step towards establishing priorities in life，enabling a focus of energy on the things that matter to you.（5）　 　
A.Challenge your definition，too.
B.Introduce healthy stress to your life.
C.Try to avoid any stress that harms you.
D.It's also important to set boundaries with yourself.
E.But how do we avoid going from one tiring job to another？
F.So what can we do to leave a workplace that makes us tired？
G.Getting enough sleep，eating well and exercising properly are the foundations of good health.
四．语法填空（共1小题）
7．（2025 船山区校级二模）The abacus （算盘） was a great invention in ancient China.The abacus（1）　 　 （invent）on the basis of small rods（棒）.Later，with the（2）　 　 （develop）of productivity，the amount of calculation was （3）　 　 （great）.And calculation with counting rods limited the calculation.Thus，people invented a more（4）　 　 （advance） counter﹣the abacus.
With the application of the abacus，people summarized many abacus rhymes（珠算口诀）（5）　 　 （increase）the calculating speed.By the time of the Ming Dynasty，people could use the abacus in addition，subtraction，multiplication and division，（6）　 　 were widely used in calculating weight，amount，space and volume.
Since it was easy to make or buy （7）　 　 abacus.And it was also easy to remember abacus rhymes.The abacus was widely used in ancient China.Later，the abacus was（8）　 　 （gradual） spread into Japan，Korea，America and some countries and regions in Southeast Asia.
People find that using abacuses can improve thinking and practical abilities in addition（9）　 　 providing convenient calculation.Since it（10）　 　 （require）cooperation of mind，eye and hand，it is a good way to improve the comprehensive reaction ability.
五．短文改错（共1小题）
8．（2021 攀枝花模拟）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
I have a pet cat，which name is Lucky. She has white hair and two big eyes. She is cute and can do a few trick， which are funny and usually make me very surprising.
Every day when I come home，Lucky always runs towards me happily to welcomed me. When I feel down， but she never leaves me alone. She is my considerate and faith companion.
Now we have be living together for over two years. As time goes by，a relationship between Lucky and me becomes close than before. Therefore， I think of her an important member in my family and I really enjoy her company.
六．书面表达（共1小题）
9．（2022 泸州模拟）假定你是高三学生李华，在目前的英语学科备考过程中遇到了一些困难，感到困惑。请给English Learning的编辑写一封邮件。内容包括：
1.写信目的；
2.你的情况；
3.你的愿望。
注意：
1.词数100左右；
2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3.开头和结尾已为你写好。
Dear Editor，
______
Yours，
Li Hua
2025届高考英语模拟预测卷（全国甲卷）
参考答案与试题解析
一．完形填空（共1小题）
1．（2025 武功县校级二模） The natural world provides humans with essential services.For instance，forests channel water into rivers that irrigate crops while their roots prevent landslides.Over decades，therefore，governments have made （1）　A　 about preserving the world's biodiversity.
However，those promises have been （2）　A　 many times，which has caused the depressing destruction of natural environments.One step towards （3）　D　 yet more disappointment is to emphasize the close link between preserving biodiversity and the （4）　C　 held goal of reaching net﹣zero carbon emissions.Unfortunately，less known is the （5）　B　 between them.
Given that biodiversity has an important （6）　A　 in meeting these carbon﹣reduction goals，you might think it would feature highly in the net﹣zero emissions plans.Not so.For example， （7）　C　 tighter regulation of emissions，many companies are now channeling more time and cash into their firms' carbon footprints （8）　D　 and energy transition，yet the plans have too little to say about biodiversity.
That needs to change.Sale guarding biodiversity is an efficient way to （9）　B　 carbon panies and investment firms should pay more attention to the opportunities from preserving ecosystems.By investing in biodiversity—directing capital to projects that （10）　A　 an ecosystem—companies can offset（抵消）their emissions.By some estimates，projects to manage carbon﹣rich wetlands and to （11）　B　 cleared land could provide more than one﹣third of the emissions reductions that are needed to prevent more than 2℃ of global warming.
The key （12）　C　 managing more capital is better measurement so that the link between investment in natural projects biodiversity and carbon is made （13）　A　 .Today some so﹣called carbon﹣offset projects that involve firms paying money to are questionable and not supported by （14）　D　 .Better guidelines and practice can help and so can new technology.Drones and satellites can improve the measurement of biodiversity and accounting systems can （15）　B　 how spending on biodiversity compares with pouring cash into other kinds of carbon management.
（1） A．promises B．rules C．choices D．events
（2） A．broken B．made C．put D．protected
（3） A．changing B．challenging C．inspiring D．avoiding
（4） A．basically B．perfectly C．widely D．partly
（5） A．belief B．link C．future D．existence
（6） A．role B．place C．land D．tree
（7） A．stuck to B．taken in C．faced with D．cared for
（8） A．structure B．brand C．quality D．reduction
（9） A．strengthen B．control C．explore D．warn
（10） A．repair B．achieve C．store D．survive
（11） A．relieve B．reforest C．reflect D．rebuild
（12） A．by B．of C．to D．for
（13） A．clear B．friendly C．likely D．calm
（14） A．dreams B．invention C．determination D．evidence
（15） A．complain B．measure C．whisper D．deny
【答案】（1）﹣（5）AADCB（6）﹣（10）ACDBA（11）﹣（15）BCADB
【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要讲述了保护生物多样性与实现净零碳排放目标之间的密切联系，呼吁加强投资和测量技术以推动生态系统的保护与碳减排。
【解答】（1）考查名词及语境理解。A.promises承诺；B.rules规则；C.choices选择；D.events事件。句意：因此，几十年来，政府已经做出了关于保护世界生物多样性的承诺。根据下文"However，those promises"可知，这里是政府做出了承诺。故选A。
（2）考查动词及语境理解。A.broken打破，违背；B.made制作；C.put放置；D.protected保护。句意：然而，那些承诺已经被违背了很多次，这导致了自然环境令人沮丧的破坏。根据下文"which has caused the depressing destruction of natural environments"可知，环境被破坏，承诺被"违背"了。故选A。
（3）考查动词及语境理解。A.changing改变；B.challenging挑战；C.inspiring鼓舞；D.avoiding避免。句意：避免更多失望的一个步骤是强调保护生物多样性和实现净零碳排放这一广泛持有的目标之间的紧密联系。根据上文"which has caused the depressing destruction of natural environments"可知，承诺被违背导致环境破坏和失望，所以这里是说避免更多失望的办法。故选D。
（4）考查副词及语境理解。A.basically基本地；B.perfectly完美地；C.widely广泛地；D.partly部分地。句意：避免更多失望的一个步骤是强调保护生物多样性和实现净零碳排放这一广泛持有的目标之间的紧密联系。根据下文"held goal"可知，widely held goal表示"广泛持有的目标"符合语境。故选C。
（5）考查名词及语境理解。A.belief信念；B.link联系；C.future未来；D.existence存在。句意：不幸的是，它们之间的联系却鲜为人知。根据上文"the close link"可知，这里说的是生物多样性和净零碳排放目标之间的联系不为人知。故选B。
（6）考查名词及语境理解。A.role角色，作用；B.place地方；C.land土地；D.tree树。句意：鉴于生物多样性在实现这些减排目标中起着重要作用，你可能会认为它在净零排放计划中会占据重要地位。根据上文"has an important"和下文"in meeting"可知，have an important role in...是固定搭配，意为"在……中起重要作用"，这里指生物多样性在减排目标中的作用。故选A。
（7）考查动词短语及语境理解。A.stuck to坚持；B.taken in吸收，欺骗；C.faced with面对；D.cared for照顾。句意：例如，面对更严格的排放监管，许多公司现在正将更多的时间和资金投入到他们公司的碳足迹减少和能源转型中，然而这些计划对生物多样性却几乎没有提及。根据下文"tighter regulation of emissions"可知，公司面对更严格的排放监管做出了后面的举措。故选C。
（8）考查名词及语境理解。A.structure结构；B.brand品牌；C.quality质量；D.reduction减少。句意：例如，面对更严格的排放监管，许多公司现在正将更多的时间和资金投入到他们公司的碳足迹减少和能源转型中，然而这些计划对生物多样性却几乎没有提及。根据上文"these carbon﹣reduction goals"及"carbon footprints"可知，这里是说公司致力于碳足迹的减少。故选D。
（9）考查动词及语境理解。A.strengthen加强；B.control控制；C.explore探索；D.warn警告。句意：销售与保护生物多样性相关的解决方案也是一种有效的减排方式。根据下文"Companies and investment firms should pay more attention to the opportunities from preserving ecosystems.By investing in biodiversity — directing capital to projects that（10）an ecosystem — companies can offset （抵消） their emissions."可知，保护生物多样性能帮助公司抵消排放，所以是控制碳排放的有效方法。故选B。
（10）考查动词及语境理解。A.repair修复；B.achieve实现；C.store储存；D.survive生存。句意：通过投资生物多样性——将资金投入到修复生态系统的项目中——公司可以抵消他们的排放。根据下文"companies can offset （抵消） their emissions"可知，通过修复生态系统来抵消排放。故选A。
（11）考查动词及语境理解。A.relieve缓解；B.reforest重新造林；C.reflect反映；D.rebuild重建。句意：据一些估计，管理富含碳的湿地和重新造林被砍伐的土地的项目可以提供超过三分之一的减排量，这是防止全球变暖超过2℃所需要的。根据下文"cleared land"可知，这里应该是对被砍伐的土地重新造林。故选B。
（12）考查介词及语境理解。A.by通过；B.of……的；C.to对于；D.for为了。句意：管理更多资金的关键是更好的衡量，以便使对自然项目生物多样性和碳的投资之间的联系更加清晰。根据上文"The key"和下文"managing"可知，the key to……是固定搭配，意为"……的关键"，这里表示管理更多资金的关键。故选C。
（13）考查形容词及语境理解。A.clear清晰的；B.friendly友好的；C.likely可能的；D.calm平静的。句意：管理更多资金的关键是更好的衡量，以便使对自然项目生物多样性和碳的投资之间的联系更加清晰。根据上文"better measurement"可知，更好的衡量是为了使生物多样性和碳之间的联系更清晰。故选A。
（14）考查名词及语境理解。A.dreams梦想；B.invention发明；C.determination决心；D.evidence证据。句意：如今，一些所谓的涉及公司付钱的碳抵消项目是有问题的，并且没有证据支持。根据上文"questionable and not supported by"可知，这些项目没有"证据"支持。故选D。
（15）考查动词及语境理解。A.complain抱怨；B.measure衡量；C.whisper低语；D.deny否认。句意：无人机和卫星可以改善对生物多样性的测量，会计系统可以衡量在生物多样性上的支出与投入到其他种类碳管理上的资金相比情况如何。根据上文"accounting systems"和下文"how spending on biodiversity compares with pouring cash into other kinds of carbon management"可知，会计系统能"衡量"支出情况。故选B。
【点评】做完形填空首先要通读全文，了解大意。一篇完形填空的文章有许多空格，所以，必须先通读一至两遍，才能大概了解文章的内容。千万不要看一句，做一句。其次要逐句分析，前后一致。选择答案时，要考虑整个句子的内容，包括搭配、时态、语法等。答案全部填完后，再通读一遍文章，检查是否通顺流畅了，用词得当，意思正确。
二．阅读理解（共4小题）
2．（2025 泸州模拟） This weekend，I sowed the first seeds of the season﹣five varieties of tomato.I'm not one for sowing seeds early，but tomatoes need every day of the growing season to offer up the best possible harvest.
Gardeners and growers are well versed（精通的） in the nature of change.However，despite what plants have taught me about living and working with forces beyond my control，I frequently experience climate anxiety.All it takes is a few days of unexpectedly changeable weather for panic to rise up in my throat.Yet，it is through working with plants that I've found a way of dealing with this particular anxiety ﹣to pay even more attention to the wonder of the natural world instead of choosing to turn away.And right now，as winter gives way to spring，is the ideal time to start a practice of noticing.
On the days I spend with my crops，I resist the urge to dive straight into all there is to do；instead，I first stop to observe what's new and what's changed.I'm hungrily searching for green shoots and swelling buds（花蕾）.I'm drinking in all the signs of new life that remind me that spring has always come and will in all likelihood be beautiful.When anxious headlines make me feel powerless and want to disengage，I develop my sense of essential connection with the natural world.This simply feels more possible in spring.
Despite the very real challenges and dangers we face in this time of climate crisis，the natural world insists on showing us what flexibility and optimism look like and it's our responsibility to take note and follow suit.
As I write these words，I have a blanket on my knees and the window open to allow a silver of the cool breeze to blow in.The world feels fresh and lively and is full of new energy.I trust that the plants I grow this season will thrive.And I know that spring，hopefully one that's overflowing with blossom，is already on its way.
（1）Why did the author begin to plant tomatoes this weekend？ 　A　
A.To ensure sufficient growth time.
B.To promote early planting techniques.
C.To avoid unpredictable spring weather.
D.To experiment with new seed varieties.
（2）What is the purpose of the second paragraph？ 　B　
A.To define gardeners and growers.
B.To share a way to deal with climate anxiety.
C.To criticize those ignoring environmental problems.
D.To argue for gardening as the best nature connection.
（3）What does the author focus on when working in the garden？ 　A　
A.New changes in plants.
B.The harvest of crops.
C.The beautiful surroundings.
D.Daily weather situations.
（4）Which words best describe the author？ 　B　
A.Concerned and anxious.
B.Observant and positive.
C.Considerate but overconfident.
D.Patient but impractical.
【答案】ABAB
【分析】本文主要讲述了作者在周末播种了首批番茄种子，并分享了自己作为园丁对气候变化的焦虑及应对方式。通过细致观察植物生长，作者在春天这个充满新生与希望的季节里，找到了与自然连接、缓解焦虑的方法，同时表达了对自然界韧性和乐观态度的赞赏，以及对当前季节作物茁壮成长的信心和期待。
【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据第一段I'm not one for sowing seeds early，but tomatoes need every day of the growing season to offer up the best possible harvest.（我不是那种喜欢早早播种的人，但西红柿需要生长季节的每一天才能实现尽可能好的收成）可知，作者这个周末开始种西红柿是为了确保它们有足够的生长时间来获得好收成。故选A。
（2）推理判断题。根据第二段However，despite what plants have taught me about living and working with forces beyond my control，I frequently experience climate anxiety.（然而，尽管植物教会了我如何在我无法控制的力量下生活和工作，但我还是经常感到气候焦虑）及Yet，it is through working with plants that I've found a way of dealing with this particular anxiety—to pay even more attention to the wonder of the natural world instead of choosing to turn away.（然而，正是通过与植物打交道，我找到了一种应对这种特殊焦虑的方法——更加关注自然界的奇妙之处，而不是选择逃避）可知，第二段的目的是分享一种应对气候焦虑的方法。故选B。
（3）细节理解题。根据第三段On the days I spend with my crops，I resist the urge to dive straight into all there is to do；instead，I first stop to observe what's new and what's changed.I'm hungrily searching for green shoots and swelling buds（花蕾）.（在我和我的作物相处的日子里，我克制住直接投入到所有要做的事情中的冲动；相反，我首先停下来观察有什么新的变化。我急切地寻找着绿芽和正在膨胀的花蕾）可知，作者在花园劳作时关注的是植物的新变化。故选A。
（4）推理判断题。根据第三段On the days I spend with my crops，I resist the urge to dive straight into all there is to do；instead，I first stop to observe what's new and what's changed.I'm hungrily searching for green shoots and swelling buds （花蕾）.（在我和庄稼相处的日子里，我克制住直接投入到所有要做的事情中的冲动；相反，我首先停下来观察有什么新的变化。我如饥似渴地寻找着绿芽和肿胀的花蕾）可知，作者在花园中劳作时，会特意观察植物的新变化，体现出作者善于观察的特点。根据最后一段I trust that the plants I grow this season will thrive.And I know that spring，hopefully one that's overflowing with blossom，is already on its way.（我相信我这个季节种的植物会茁壮成长。我知道春天，充满希望的繁花似锦的春天，已经在路上了）可以看出，作者感受到世界的美好与活力，相信植物会茁壮成长，春天即将到来，展现出积极乐观的心态。故选B。
【点评】做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。
3．（2025 达州二模） Although daydreaming is often seen as an enjoyable escape from the dull，tough or repetitive aspects of everyday life，the act of "pleasurable thinking"is more challenging and less satisfying than many people might think，according to a growing body of research.
Years ago，Nicholas Buttrick and his team conducted a study.The researchers asked，"Which is more enjoyable：trying to think enjoyable thoughts or doing daily individual activities？"They found that of the 2，557 participants from 12 sites in 11 countries，most people，across cultures，enjoyed engaging in individual activities more than thinking freely and entertaining themselves with their thoughts as best they could."Participants randomly assigned to do something reported significantly greater gratification than that of participants randomly assigned to think for pleasure，and the results were consistent in every country，"Buttrick concluded.
Recently，a follow﹣up study led by Erin Westgate，a psychology professor at the University of Florida，investigated why so many people do not choose to think for pleasure，and when directed to do so，struggle to concentrate successfully.
The researchers started by providing participants with specific examples of meaningful topics and then instructed them to think"meaningful"thoughts.Surprisingly，they discovered that asking people to think meaningful thoughts actually made daydreaming much less enjoyable than freely thinking about unguided thoughts."I was so confused，"Westgate said.But after analyzing which meaningful topics participants reported thinking about when asked to think about something meaningful，she realized that"they were heavy stuff".
Westgate wants to help people recapture that daydream state，which may boost wellness.Although improving daydream states can be difficult，she recommends priming（指引） the brain to think about topics that are both enjoyable and meaningful.
"It's something that sets us apart.Thinking for pleasure allows us to imagine new realities，"Westgate said."But that kind of thinking requires practice.As you build your ability to daydream，you'll have a source of enjoyable thoughts during stressful times.The next time you're walking，instead of pulling out your phone，try it."
（1）What is the common understanding of "pleasurable thinking"among people？　A　
A.It is a form of relaxation.
B.It is a usual daily practice.
C.It is a sign of wasting time.
D.It is a hard but rewarding activity.
（2）What is the closest meaning to the underlined word"gratification"in paragraph 2？　D　
A.Success.
B.Boredom.
C.Hesitation.
D.Enjoyment.
（3）Which of the following made Westgate puzzled？　B　
A.The research methods.
B.The joy levels of the participants.
C.The participants' choice of meaningful topics.
D.The lack of a clear definition of "meaningful thoughts".
（4）What advice does Westgate give to people？　D　
A.Focusing on new realities.
B.Engaging in physical exercise.
C.Keeping daydreaming during tough times.
D.Daydreaming on both pleasant and significant subjects.
【答案】ADBD
【分析】本文是说明文。本文主要讲述了愉快的思考的含义，以及如何愉快的思考。
【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据第一段Although daydreaming is often seen as an enjoyable escape from the dull，tough or repetitive aspects of everyday life，the act of "pleasurable thinking" is more challenging and less satisfying than many people might think，according to a growing body of research.（尽管白日做梦通常被认为是逃避日常生活枯燥、艰难或重复的一种愉快的方式，但越来越多的研究表明，"愉快思考"的行为比许多人想象的更具挑战性，也不那么令人满意）可知，人们对"愉快思考"的共同理解是这是一种放松的方式。故选A。
（2）词句猜测题。根据前文They found that of the 2，557 participants from 12 sites in 11 countries，most people，across cultures，enjoyed engaging in individual activities more than thinking freely and entertaining themselves with their thoughts as best they could.（他们发现，在来自11个国家12个地点的2557名参与者中，不同文化背景的大多数人更喜欢参与个人活动，而不是自由思考和尽可能地用自己的想法娱乐自己）可知，被随机分配做某件事的参与者比被随机分配思考快乐的参与者报告的满足感要大得多，推知gratification应是"满足感"之意，和D项意思相近。A.Success成功；B.Boredom无聊；C.Hesitation犹豫；D.Enjoyment享受，令人愉快的事。故选D。
（3）细节理解题。根据第四段Surprisingly，they discovered that asking people to think meaningful thoughts actually made daydreaming much less enjoyable than freely thinking about unguided thoughts. "I was so confused，" Westgate said.（令人惊讶的是，他们发现，要求人们思考有意义的内容实际上会让白日梦的乐趣大打折扣，远不如自由放飞思绪来得愉快。"我当时非常困惑，"韦斯特盖特说）可知，思考有意义的内容远不如自由放飞思绪来得愉快，所以是参与者的快乐程度，让韦斯特盖特感到困惑。故选B。
（4）细节理解题。根据倒数第二段Westgate wants to help people recapture that daydream state，which may boost wellness.Although improving daydream states can be difficult，she recommends priming （指引） the brain to think about topics that are both enjoyable and meaningful.（韦斯特盖特希望帮助人们重拾白日梦的状态，这可能会促进健康。尽管改善白日梦状态可能很困难，但她建议让大脑开始思考既有趣又有意义的话题）可知，韦斯特盖特建议对愉快和重要的话题做白日梦。故选D。
【点评】做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。
4．（2025 四川模拟）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
With educational resources，you have access to valuable things to help you grow better.Here are four types of them that may be suitable for specific advancements in some areas.
Law 101 Classroom
This classroom provides learners of all ages with a basic understanding of the modern law's text，history，and structure.Drawing on primary source documents，learners will study law cases from a range of diverse voices interactively.Each class you take includes law essays，quality analysis，and expert instructions.All the courses allow you to learn at your own speed according to your situations，so you can fit them into your schedule.
Humanities Library
The humanities refer to courses in two major categories，art and culture，designed to enrich students' knowledge of the world together with their own life.This library provides degree programs in many areas，which allow students to compare their thinking with that of persons from other regions and times，thus enabling them to better understand themselves，the society，and the world with their own mind.
Financial Media Lab
The skills and expertise required for a career in finance are in high demand across countless industries.Luckily，the free platform offers recent graduates，early to mid﹣career professionals and other individuals videos，podcasts，and courses on financial topics，delivered by some world﹣renowned financial management universities.
Act One More Dance Talent Studio
The art studio offers affordable classes that are set up to be weekly dance lessons in all forms.And these lessons are targeted at kids aged 5﹣12 and teens aged 13﹣19 at various dance skill levels，including introductory dance foundation classes.You can enroll anytime during the season，Your enrollment and tuition fee is for the full session season，typically 9﹣12 weeks.
（1）Which word best describes the courses in the Law 101 Classroom？ 　D　
A.Complex.
B.Irrelevant.
C.Traditional.
D.Self﹣paced.
（2）What does the Humanities Library aim to do？ 　B　
A.Provide science programs.
B.Compare different knowledge.
C.Enhance students' ability to think.
D.Lead students to care more about others' lives.
（3）Which department's graduates are most probably interested in the Financial Media Lab？ 　A　
A.Business Administration.
B.News Media.
C.Law.
D.Art.
【答案】见试题解答内容
【分析】短文主要介绍了四种教育资源：法律基础课堂，提供现代法律知识学习；人文图书馆，丰富学生对世界和自我的认识；金融媒体实验室，提供金融领域知识和技能培训；以及舞蹈才艺工作室，面向不同年龄段和技能水平的儿童及青少年提供舞蹈课程。
【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据Law 101 Classroom部分的All the courses allow you to learn at your own speed according to your situations，so you can fit them into your schedule.（所有的课程都允许你根据自己的情况以自己的速度学习，这样你就可以把它们纳入你的日程）可知，法律101教室的课程是根据学生自己的情况以自己的速度学习，所以是自我调节的。故选D。
（2）细节理解题。根据Humanities Library部分的This library provides degree programs in many areas，which allow students to compare their thinking with that of persons from other regions and times，thus enabling them to better understand themselves，the society，and the world with their own mind.（这个图书馆在许多领域提供学位课程，使学生能够将自己的思想与其他地区和时代的人进行比较，从而使他们能够用自己的思想更好地了解自己、社会和世界）可知，人文学科图书馆的目的是比较不同的知识。故选B。
（3）细节理解题。根据Financial Media Lab部分的Luckily，the free platform offers recent graduates，early to mid﹣career professionals and other individuals videos，podcasts，and courses on financial topics，delivered by some world﹣renowned financial management universities.（幸运的是，这个免费平台为应届毕业生、职业生涯早期到中期的专业人士和其他个人提供视频、播客和由一些世界知名的金融管理大学提供的金融主题课程。）可知，金融媒体实验室与金融有关，所以刚毕业的工商管理专业的毕业生最有可能对金融媒体实验室感兴趣。故选A。
【点评】做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。
5．（2025 四川模拟） From an airplane，cars moving slowly down the highway look like ants.But unlike cars，ants manage to avoid the problem of stop﹣and﹣go traffic.Researchers are now studying these insects' helpful ways to learn how to further program self﹣driving cars that run more efficiently and don't get stuck in traffic.
The free flow of traffic becomes not stable as the number of cars increases on a highway.At 15 vehicles per mile per lane（车道），one driver hitting their brakes can start a long﹣lasting wave of traffic jams.
The previous research of Nishinari，a mathematical physicist at the University of Tokyo，had shown that ants looking for food can keep their flow even at high densities （密度）.In a recent study，researchers recorded ants on their way to find food and used traffic﹣engineering models to analyze their movement.They found that the ants don't get stuck because they travel in groups of 3 to 20 that move at almost the same speed while keeping good distances between one another，and they don't speed up to go past others.
Human drivers during the rush hour are hardly likely to follow such rules. "We' re trying to get the most benefits for ourselves，which is why，at a certain point，we start to have a traffic jam，" says study co﹣author Nicola Pugno.But self﹣driving cars，if they one day become very common，could have more cooperative programming.
This vehicle network would be like ants on a trail，which use smell to work together in their behaviors.In both ant and vehicle traffic，this type of system can be very strong and able to recover quickly，according to Nishinari.
Still，ants can do things that cars—even self﹣driving ones—can't.Plus，unlike cars，ants don't crash；they can actually walk over one another.Today's drivers can learn from ants to avoid causing a traffic jam：Keep a safe distance from the car in front.By doing this，drivers can deal with braking in heavy traffic conditions that would otherwise become a big traffic jam.
（1）Why do researchers study ants' behaviors？ 　B　
A．To create a stable environment for ants.
B．To upgrade certain autonomous vehicles.
C．To understand the social interaction among ants.
D．To analyze the differences between ants and cars.
（2）What does paragraph 3 focus on？ 　B　
A．How ants compete for food.
B．How ants keep traffic flowing.
C．How ants get stuck in traffic jams.
D．How ants move at different speeds.
（3）What does Nicola Pugno stress as the cause of traffic jams？ 　A　
A．The profit motive of humans.
B．The inefficiency of traffic rules.
C．The high density of vehicles on the road.
D．The poor performance of self﹣driving cars.
（4）What can we conclude from ants' behaviors？ 　D　
A．Slow and steady wins the race.
B．Two heads are better than one.
C．Actions speak louder than words.
D．United we stand，divided we fall.
【答案】BBAD
【分析】短文主要讲述了研究人员正在研究蚂蚁避免交通堵塞的行为，以期进一步优化自动驾驶汽车的编程，使其运行更高效。文章指出，与蚂蚁不同，人类驾驶在高峰时段容易引发交通堵塞，而自动驾驶汽车如果普及，可能会采用更协作的程序设计。此外，文章还提到蚂蚁的一些行为是汽车无法模仿的，比如它们不会相撞，还能从其他蚂蚁身上爬过。最后，建议人类驾驶员可以学习蚂蚁保持安全距离，以避免造成交通堵塞。
【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据第一段Researchers are now studying these insects' helpful ways to learn how to further program self﹣driving cars that run more efficiently and don't get stuck in traffic.（研究人员现在正在研究这些昆虫的有用方法，以学习如何进一步编程自动驾驶汽车，使其运行更高效，不会陷入交通堵塞。）可知，研究人员研究蚂蚁的行为是为了学习如何进一步编程自动驾驶汽车，使其更有效地运行，且不会陷入交通堵塞。故选B。
（2）段落大意题。根据第三段The previous research of Nishinari，a mathematical physicist at the University of Tokyo，had shown that ants looking for food can keep their flow even at high densities （密度）.In a recent study，researchers recorded ants on their way to find food and used traffic﹣engineering models to analyze their movement.They found that the ants don't get stuck because they travel in groups of 3 to 20 that move at almost the same speed while keeping good distances between one another，and they don't speed up to go past others.（东京大学数学物理学家Nishinari之前的研究表明，寻找食物的蚂蚁即使在高密度下也能保持流动。在最近的一项研究中，研究人员记录了蚂蚁寻找食物的过程，并使用交通工程模型分析了它们的运动。他们发现，蚂蚁不会被卡住，因为它们以3到20只为一组，以几乎相同的速度移动，同时彼此之间保持良好的距离，而且它们不会加速越过其他蚂蚁。）可知，第三段主要讨论了蚂蚁如何在高密度下保持交通顺畅。故选B。
（3）细节理解题。根据第四段Human drivers during the rush hour are hardly likely to follow such rules. "We' re trying to get the most benefits for ourselves，which is why，at a certain point，we start to have a traffic jam，" says study co﹣author Nicola Pugno.（在高峰时段，人类司机几乎不可能遵守这些规则。该研究的合著者尼古拉 普加诺说："我们正试图为自己获得最大的利益，这就是为什么在某个时候，我们开始出现交通堵塞的原因。"）可知，Nicola Pugno指出，人类司机在高峰时段很难遵循规则，因为他们试图为自己获取最大利益。故选A。
（4）推理判断题。根据最后一段Still，ants can do things that cars—even self﹣driving ones—can't.Plus，unlike cars，ants don't crash；they can actually walk over one another.Today's drivers can learn from ants to avoid causing a traffic jam：Keep a safe distance from the car in front.By doing this，drivers can deal with braking in heavy traffic conditions that would otherwise become a big traffic jam.（尽管如此，蚂蚁可以做汽车（甚至是自动驾驶汽车）做不到的事情。此外，与汽车不同，蚂蚁不会撞车它们实际上可以相互踩踏。今天的司机可以向蚂蚁学习如何避免造成交通堵塞：与前面的汽车保持安全距离。通过这样做，驾驶员可以在交通繁忙的情况下处理制动问题，否则会造成严重的交通堵塞。）可知，蚂蚁的行为表明了"United we stand，divided we fall（合则存，分则亡）"的道理。故选D。
【点评】做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。
三．信息匹配（共1小题）
6．（2025 汉中二模） As the nights draw in，our energy levels will dip，but the demands placed upon us probably won't.Here's how to avoid burnout.
Tick off（给...画上钩） the basics
（1）　G　 Other activities，such as journaling，reading and yoga have been shown to lower cortisol（皮质醇） levels.Even a walk in the woods can help.Studies show that people who regularly go for walks in a forest or in green spaces have lower levels of cortisol.
（2）　B　
The tiger is not outside the cave any more，but we think it is.Modern stresses such as deadlines lead to the same"fight or flight"response as the tiger.Learning to introduce small stresses and practise such as exposure to cold water helps us contextualise the threat and build tolerance.Mindful breathing also helps.It regulates the nervous system.
Set boundaries and stick to them
Good fences make good neighbors.（3）　D　 When we define what we need to feel secure and healthy and protect those parts of ourselves，we can do wonders for our well﹣being.Boundaries may include the hours you work，how much screen time you have，or when you go to bed.
Avoid workplaces where burnout is normalised
The latest State of the Global Workforce report suggests that 40% of the UK employees are stressed.（4）　E　 Watch out for red flags in the recruitment process.Poor communication，ghosting，endless rounds of interviews，repetitive questions and untrained interviewers are bad signs.
Shape your definition of success
Success is a slippery concept.For some，it's about having meaningful relationships and fulfilling experiences；for others，it's tied to career wins and financial gains.Defining what success means to you is a first step towards establishing priorities in life，enabling a focus of energy on the things that matter to you.（5）　A　
A.Challenge your definition，too.
B.Introduce healthy stress to your life.
C.Try to avoid any stress that harms you.
D.It's also important to set boundaries with yourself.
E.But how do we avoid going from one tiring job to another？
F.So what can we do to leave a workplace that makes us tired？
G.Getting enough sleep，eating well and exercising properly are the foundations of good health.
【答案】GBDEA
【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了如何避免倦怠的几种方法。
【解答】（1）联系下文题。根据该段小标题Tick off（给...画上钩） the basics.以及后文Other activities，such as journaling，reading and yoga have been shown to lower cortisol（皮质醇）levels.（其他活动，如写日记、阅读和瑜伽已被证明可以降低皮质醇水平。）可知，此处应是先讲一些基本的健康生活方式。G选项"充足的睡眠、良好的饮食和适当的锻炼是健康的基础。" 符合语境，是基础的健康生活方式。故选G。
（2）联系下文题。根据该段中Learning to introduce small stresses and practise such as exposure to cold water helps us contextualise the threat and build tolerance.（学会引入小的压力并进行实践，比如接触冷水，有助于我们理解威胁并建立耐受性。）可知，该段主要讲的是在生活中引入一些小压力。故B选项"给你的生活引入健康的压力，故选B。
（3）联系下文题。根据该段小标题Set boundaries and stick to them.（设定界限并坚持下去。）以及后文When we define what we need to feel secure and healthy and protect those parts of ourselves，we can do wonders for our well﹣being.（当我们确定了让自己感到安全和健康所需要的东西，并保护好自己的这些方面时，我们就能为自己的幸福创造奇迹。）可知，这里强调设定界限的重要性。故D选项"给自己设定界限也很重要，故选 D。
（4）语境衔接题。根据该段小标题Avoid workplaces where burnout is normalised.（避免在倦怠常态化的工作场所工作）以及后文Watch out for red flags in the recruitment process. （在招聘过程中要留意危险信号。）可知，选项应提到与工作相关的问题。E选项"但是我们如何避免从一份累人的工作跳到另一份累人的工作呢？引出下文在招聘过程中留意危险信号的内容，故选E。
（5）联系上文题。根据该段小标题Shape your definition of success.（塑造你对成功的定义）以及前文Defining what success means to you is a first step towards establishing priorities in life，enabling a focus of energy on the things that matter to you.（定义成功对你来说意味着什么是在生活中确定优先事项的第一步，能让你把精力集中在对你重要的事情上。）可知，该段围绕对成功的定义展开。A选项"也要挑战你的定义。"与前文衔接，且符合该段主旨，进一步说明对成功定义的思考，故选A。
【点评】解答该类试题时应注意观察前后句之间、上下段之间的逻辑和语义关系，再结合所给答案作出正确选择。
四．语法填空（共1小题）
7．（2025 船山区校级二模）The abacus （算盘） was a great invention in ancient China.The abacus（1）　was invented　 （invent）on the basis of small rods（棒）.Later，with the（2）　development　 （develop）of productivity，the amount of calculation was （3）　greater　 （great）.And calculation with counting rods limited the calculation.Thus，people invented a more（4）　advanced　 （advance） counter﹣the abacus.
With the application of the abacus，people summarized many abacus rhymes（珠算口诀）（5）　increasing　 （increase）the calculating speed.By the time of the Ming Dynasty，people could use the abacus in addition，subtraction，multiplication and division，（6）　which　 were widely used in calculating weight，amount，space and volume.
Since it was easy to make or buy （7）　an　 abacus.And it was also easy to remember abacus rhymes.The abacus was widely used in ancient China.Later，the abacus was（8）　gradually　 （gradual） spread into Japan，Korea，America and some countries and regions in Southeast Asia.
People find that using abacuses can improve thinking and practical abilities in addition（9）　to　 providing convenient calculation.Since it（10）　requires　 （require）cooperation of mind，eye and hand，it is a good way to improve the comprehensive reaction ability.
【答案】见试题解答内容
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国算盘与珠算的起源、发展及其对人的综合反应能力的益处。
【解答】（1）was invented.考查时态语态。句意：算盘是在小棒的基础上发明的。根据句中"in ancient China"可知，句子讲述的是过去发生的事，应用一般过去时，The abacus与invent之间为逻辑上的被动关系，即算盘被发明，故应用一般过去时的被动语态，且谓语动词用单数。故填was invented.
（2）development.考查名词。句意：后来随着生产力的发展，计算量越来越大。作介词with的宾语用名词，develop是动词，对应的名词为development，意为"发展"，句中指"生产力的发展"，表抽象意义，不可数，故填development.
（3）greater.考查形容词比较级。句意：后来随着生产力的发展，计算量越来越大。根据句意可知，这里是把现在的计算量和之前的计算量进行对比，比之前的计算量大，故应用形容词比较级，great意为"大的"，形容词词性，比较级为greater.故填greater.
（4）advanced.考查形容词。句意：于是，人们发明了一种更先进的计算器﹣﹣算盘。空格后counter意为"计算器"，名词词性，前应用形容词修饰，advance意为"前进"，动词词性，对应的形容词为advanced，意为"先进的"。故填advanced.
（5）increasing.考查现在分词。句意：随着算盘的应用，人们总结出许多珠算口诀，提高了计算速度。句中有谓语动词summarized，且句中无连词，故应用非谓语动词。空格处表示自然而然的结果，故应用现在分词，在句中作结果状语，increase的现在分词为increasing。故填increasing.
（6）which.考查定语从句。句意：到了明代，人们可以使用算盘进行加减乘除运算，广泛应用于计算重量、数量、空间和体积。分析句子可知，句子为非限制性定语从句，先行词为addition，subtraction，multiplication and division，为物，在从句中作主语，故应用关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句。故填which.
（7）an.考查冠词。句意：因为制作或购买一个算盘很容易。句中表示泛指购买"一个"算盘，故应用不定冠词修饰abacus，abacus音标第一个音素为元音音素，故应用不定冠词an修饰，指"一个算盘"。故填an.
（8）gradually.考查副词。句意：后来，算盘逐渐传入日本、韩国、美国和东南亚一些国家和地区。空格处单词在句中修饰谓语部分"was spread into"，应用副词，gradual意为"逐渐的"，形容词词性，对应的副词为gradually，意为"逐渐地"。故填gradually.
（9）to.考查介词。句意：人们发现使用算盘除了可以提供方便的运算外，还可以提高思维和实践能力。句中涉及固定短语"in addition to"，意为"除……之外（还）"，to为介词，后接动名词作宾语。句中指"除了可以提供方便的运算外，还可以提高思维和实践能力"，符合句意。故填to.
（10）requires.考查时态和主谓一致。句意：由于它需要心、眼、手的配合，是提高综合反应能力的好方法。句子陈述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，句子主语为it，为第三人称单数，require意为"需要"，动词词性，故应用require的第三人称单数形式requires，在句中作谓语。故填requires.
【点评】语法填空是通过语篇在语境中考查语法知识的运用能力，在解题前应快速浏览短文掌握大意，在读懂短文的基础上，结合短文提供的特定的语言环境去逐句分析，要解决好语法填空，离不开坚实的语法知识，有了坚实的语法知识才能对语言进行正确的分析和判断，从而答对题目。
五．短文改错（共1小题）
8．（2021 攀枝花模拟）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
I have a pet cat，which name is Lucky. She has white hair and two big eyes. She is cute and can do a few trick， which are funny and usually make me very surprising.
Every day when I come home，Lucky always runs towards me happily to welcomed me. When I feel down， but she never leaves me alone. She is my considerate and faith companion.
Now we have be living together for over two years. As time goes by，a relationship between Lucky and me becomes close than before. Therefore， I think of her an important member in my family and I really enjoy her company.
【答案】1.which改为whose；2.trick改为tricks；3.surprising改为surprised；4.welcomed改为welcome；5.去掉but；6.faith改为faithful；7.be改为been；8.a改为the；9.close改为closer；10.an前加as.
【分析】本文为说明文，主要从外貌、性格及我的陪伴这几方面，介绍我的宠物猫。
【解答】I have a pet cat，which name is Lucky. She has white hair and two big eyes. She is cute and can do a few trick， which are funny and usually make me very surprising.
Every day when I come home，Lucky always runs towards me happily to welcomed me. When I feel down， but she never leaves me alone. She is my considerate and faith companion.
Now we have be living together for over two years. As time goes by，a relationship between Lucky and me becomes close than before. Therefore， I think of her ∧an important member in my family and I really enjoy her company.
详解
1.which改为whose.考查定语从句。句意：我有一只宠物猫，她的名字是Lucky。分析句子可知，此处为定语从句的引导词，并且在从句中作定语，故which改为whose.
2.trick改为tricks.考查名词。句意：她很可爱，很搞怪，她搞的那些小把戏很有趣，使我感到很惊喜。此处前有a few 修饰，后面要跟可数名词的复数，故trick改为tricks.
3.surprising改为surprised.考查形容词。句意：她很可爱，很搞怪，她搞的那些小把戏很有趣，使我感到很惊喜。surprising表示"令人惊喜的"，surprised表示"感到惊喜的"，结合句意，故surprising改为surprised.
4.welcomed改为welcome.考查动词不定式。句意：每天，当我回家的时候，她都会很开心地跑向我，欢迎我。分析句子可知，此处表示动词不定式to do作目的状语，故welcomed改为welcome.
5.去掉but.考查连词。句意：当我难过时，她从不留我独自一人。此处之前是时间状语，主句无需but表示转折，故去掉but.
6.faith改为faithful.考查形容词。句意：她是我贴心和忠实的伙伴。分析句子可知，此处修饰名词companion，形容词修饰名词，故faith改为faithful.
7.be改为been.考查动词时态。句意：我们一起生活已经两年多了。此处前有have，故用到have done的结构，故be改为been.
8.a改为the.考查冠词。句意：随着时间的流逝，我和Lucky的关系比以前更亲密了。根据句意，此处特指我和Lucky的关系，故用定冠词，故a改为the.
9.close改为closer.考查比较级。句意：随着时间的流逝，我和Lucky的关系比以前更亲密了。此处后有than表示"比..."，故用比较级，故close改为closer.
10.an前加as.考查介词。句意：因此，我把她当做重要的家庭成员。根据固定搭配think of ....as...表示"把...当做..."可知，故an前加as.
【点评】短文改错考查学生综合运用语言的能力，需要考生在理解短文的基础上，发现错误并进行改正。
六．书面表达（共1小题）
9．（2022 泸州模拟）假定你是高三学生李华，在目前的英语学科备考过程中遇到了一些困难，感到困惑。请给English Learning的编辑写一封邮件。内容包括：
1.写信目的；
2.你的情况；
3.你的愿望。
注意：
1.词数100左右；
2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3.开头和结尾已为你写好。
Dear Editor，
______
Yours，
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Editor，
I am Li Hua，a student of senior three.I'm going to take part in the College Entrance Examination in June.I have some trouble in learning English.It seems that I have made little progress in English.I hope that you can give me some useful advice.
The problems I am facing now are as follows.I have never got satisfying marks.It is a hard job for me to remember and use grammatical rules.Besides，I find it difficult to write good English compositions.My English teacher is always explaining the language points in class and I can hardly take them down.I become worried and afraid that I will fall behind in English，which will eventually prevent me from going to college.Could you help me，please？
Yours，
Li Hua
【分析】高分句型一：I have some trouble in learning English.
翻译：我学英语有点困难。
分析：本句使用了固定短语have trouble in doing"做某事有困难"。
高分句型二：Besides，I find it difficult to write good English compositions.
翻译：此外，我发现很难写出好的英语作文。
分析：本句使用了it做形式宾语，不定式to write做真正宾语。
【解答】Dear Editor，
I am Li Hua，a student of senior three.I'm going to take part in the College Entrance Examination in June.I have some trouble in learning English.【高分句型一】It seems that I have made little progress in English.I hope that you can give me some useful advice.（写信目的）
The problems I am facing now are as follows.I have never got satisfying marks.It is a hard job for me to remember and use grammatical rules.Besides，I find it difficult to write good English compositions.【高分句型二】My English teacher is always explaining the language points in class and I can hardly take them down.I become worried and afraid that I will fall behind in English，which will eventually prevent me from going to college.Could you help me，please？（介绍自己情况以及表达愿望）
Yours，
Li Hua
【点评】提纲作文在写作时要注意内容是否包含了所有要点。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次，平时需注意积累短语和重要句型。
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