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宾语从句
解析
人教2025中考二轮复习 语法基础知识梳理
一、宾语从句的引导词
1.宾语从句是陈述句,引导词用that,在口语中that可以省略。例:
We believe (that) he is honest.
我们相信他是诚实的。
2.如果宾语从句由一般疑问句转换而来,其引导词用if或whether。一般情况下,二者可以通用,但从句中有or not或从句充当介词的宾语时,只能用whether。例:
I don’t know if/whether she will come here.
我不知道她是否会来这儿。
Sorry, I don’t know whether he will come or not.
对不起,我不知道他是否会来。
3.宾语从句是特殊疑问句时,引导词就是特殊疑问词。例:
Could you tell me where the post office is
你能告诉我邮局在哪里吗
The teacher asked the students what they were doing.
老师问学生他们正在做什么。
二、宾语从句的时态
宾语从句中的谓语动词的时态是由主句中谓语动词的时态来决定的,一般有下面几种情况。
1.主句的时态为一般现在时、一般将来时或祈使句时,从句的谓语动词的时态要根据具体的情况用相应的时态。例:
He says he will ask Mr.Hu to give Jim some work.
他说他将叫胡先生给吉姆一些工作。
2.主句的时态为过去时态时,从句的谓语动词的时态要用相应的过去的某一时态。例:
She said she missed us very much.
她说她非常想念我们。
3.从句表示的是客观真理、普遍真理、自然现象时,从句的时态一律使用一般现在时。例:
He said that the sun is bigger than the earth.
他说太阳比地球大。
三、宾语从句的语序
1.在含有宾语从句的复合句中,宾语从句要使用陈述语序,即“引导词+主语+谓语+其他”。例:
I want to know when the train left.
我想知道火车是什么时候离开的。
注意:①有些特殊疑问句疑问词是主语,本身是陈述句语序。例:
What’s wrong with...
→I want to know what’s wrong with her.
Who studies the hardest in your class
→I wonder who studies the hardest in your class.
②do you think后接宾语从句时,特殊疑问词即引导词要前置,do you think作为插入语。例:
Who do you think he is talking with
你认为他正在和谁交谈
2.由do, does, did构成的疑问句,在转换成宾语从句时,要去掉do, does, did,且从句中的谓语动词要根据主句时态做出相应的变化。例:
“Does he sing well ” The music teacher asked him.
→The music teacher asked him if(whether) he sang well.
这个音乐老师想知道他唱得是否很好。
3.如果是will, be, have, can组成的疑问句,在变为宾语从句时,要把这些词还原到句中原来的谓语位置上,并根据主句的时态做相应的变化。例:
“Will you be free tomorrow ” she asked me.
→She asked me if(whether) I would be free tomorrow.
她问我明天是否有空。
四、宾语从句的否定前移
在宾语从句中,当主句的谓语动词为think, believe, expect, imagine, suppose等时,如果主句为I或we时,从句中表示否定意义的not应移到think, believe, expect, imagine, suppose等前面。例:
I don’t suppose he will come.
我猜他不会来。
注意:如果主句主语不是I或we,则not不前移。例:
She thinks she can’t arrive there on time.
她认为她不能按时到那儿。
五、宾语从句的转化
1.当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同,且谓语动词是hope, wish, decide等时,从句可转化为不定式结构。例:
I hope that I can see you again.
=I hope to see you again.
我希望能再次见到你。
2.当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同,且谓语动词是know, remember, forget, learn等时,从句可转化为疑问词+不定式结构。例:
I don’t know what I should say.
=I don’t know what to say.
我不知道该说什么。
3.当主句的谓语动词是ask, tell, show, teach等,且宾语从句的主语和主句的间接宾语一致时,从句可转化为不定式结构或疑问词+不定式结构。例:
Mr.Hu tells us that we shouldn’t draw on the wall.
=Mr.Hu tells us not to draw on the wall.
胡老师告诉我们不应该在墙上画画。
Will you please tell me where I can buy stamps
=Will you please tell me where to buy stamps
请告诉我在哪儿能买到邮票
4.有些宾语从句可转化为复合宾语结构,常用动词find, think, make。例:
I think it is necessary for us to learn to wait.
=I think it necessary for us to learn to wait.
我认为我们有必要学会等待。
I find she is a good girl.
=I find her a good girl.
我发现她是一个好女孩。
一、句型转换
1.I don’t know what I should do to help him.(改为简单句)
I don’t know _________ to help him.
2.How did he go to school yesterday
His father doesn’t know.(合成一句)
His father doesn’t know ______________________________.
　what to do　
　how he went to school yesterday　
3.Does light travel faster than sound Tom asked.(改为复合句)
Tom asked _________________________________.
4.Does he still play basketball I want to know.(改为复合句)
_______________________________________
5.When did the train leave He didn’t know.(改为复合句)
___________________________________
if light travels faster than sound
　I want to know if he still plays basketball.　
　He didn’t know when the train left.　
二、用括号中所给词的适当形式填空
1.I’m sure everybody _________(be) in the classroom.
2.I’ll take back what I _________(say).
3.The teacher told us that the sun ___(be) bigger than the moon.
4.We wondered if he _________(can) mend the computer.
5.I don’t know his watch ___________(steal) yesterday.
　is　
　said　
　is　
　could　
　was stolen　
6.She told me they _______________(clean) up the city park at this time yesterday.
7.Tom’s friends hear that Tom _________(be) here for a week.
8.Lee’s boss asked him if he _________(like) the job.
9.She said that she _________(go) shopping with Linda last Sunday.
10.I hope that I _________(visit) the village again.
　were cleaning　
　has been　
　liked　
　went　
will visit
三、根据汉语提示完成句子
1.她问我明天是否去看电影。
She asked me ______ I _________ go to the cinema tomorrow.
2.我不知道我儿子最需要什么。
I don’t know _________ my son _________ _________.
3.你能告诉我这本字典的价格吗
Could you tell me _________ _________ the dictionary ______
　if　
　would　
　what　
　needs　
　most　
　how　
　much　
　costs　
4.我想知道这个女孩为什么在哭。
I wonder _________ the little girl was _________.
5.你决定将怎样帮助那些贫困地区的孩子了吗
Have you decided _________ you _________ _____ the children in the poor area
　why　
　crying　
　how　
　would　
　help　
Thanks!
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【2025中考二轮复习 语法基础】宾语从句
一、宾语从句的引导词
1.宾语从句是陈述句,引导词用that,在口语中that可以省略。例:
We believe (that) he is honest.
我们相信他是诚实的。
2.如果宾语从句由一般疑问句转换而来,其引导词用if或whether。一般情况下,二者可以通用,但从句中有or not或从句充当介词的宾语时,只能用whether。例:
I don’t know if/whether she will come here.
我不知道她是否会来这儿。
Sorry, I don’t know whether he will come or not.
对不起,我不知道他是否会来。
3.宾语从句是特殊疑问句时,引导词就是特殊疑问词。例:
Could you tell me where the post office is
你能告诉我邮局在哪里吗
The teacher asked the students what they were doing.
老师问学生他们正在做什么。
二、宾语从句的时态
宾语从句中的谓语动词的时态是由主句中谓语动词的时态来决定的,一般有下面几种情况。
1.主句的时态为一般现在时、一般将来时或祈使句时,从句的谓语动词的时态要根据具体的情况用相应的时态。例:
He says he will ask Mr.Hu to give Jim some work.
他说他将叫胡先生给吉姆一些工作。
2.主句的时态为过去时态时,从句的谓语动词的时态要用相应的过去的某一时态。例:
She said she missed us very much.
她说她非常想念我们。
3.从句表示的是客观真理、普遍真理、自然现象时,从句的时态一律使用一般现在时。例:
He said that the sun is bigger than the earth.
他说太阳比地球大。
三、宾语从句的语序
1.在含有宾语从句的复合句中,宾语从句要使用陈述语序,即“引导词+主语+谓语+其他”。例:
I want to know when the train left.
我想知道火车是什么时候离开的。
注意:①有些特殊疑问句疑问词是主语,本身是陈述句语序。例:
What’s wrong with...
→I want to know what’s wrong with her.
Who studies the hardest in your class
→I wonder who studies the hardest in your class.
②do you think后接宾语从句时,特殊疑问词即引导词要前置,do you think作为插入语。例:
Who do you think he is talking with
你认为他正在和谁交谈
2.由do, does, did构成的疑问句,在转换成宾语从句时,要去掉do, does, did,且从句中的谓语动词要根据主句时态做出相应的变化。例:
“Does he sing well ” The music teacher asked him.
→The music teacher asked him if(whether) he sang well.
这个音乐老师想知道他唱得是否很好。
3.如果是will, be, have, can组成的疑问句,在变为宾语从句时,要把这些词还原到句中原来的谓语位置上,并根据主句的时态做相应的变化。例:
“Will you be free tomorrow ” she asked me.
→She asked me if(whether) I would be free tomorrow.
她问我明天是否有空。
四、宾语从句的否定前移
在宾语从句中,当主句的谓语动词为think, believe, expect, imagine, suppose等时,如果主句为I或we时,从句中表示否定意义的not应移到think, believe, expect, imagine, suppose等前面。例:
I don’t suppose he will come.
我猜他不会来。
注意:如果主句主语不是I或we,则not不前移。例:
She thinks she can’t arrive there on time.
她认为她不能按时到那儿。
五、宾语从句的转化
1.当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同,且谓语动词是hope, wish, decide等时,从句可转化为不定式结构。例:
I hope that I can see you again.
=I hope to see you again.
我希望能再次见到你。
2.当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同,且谓语动词是know, remember, forget, learn等时,从句可转化为疑问词+不定式结构。例:
I don’t know what I should say.
=I don’t know what to say.
我不知道该说什么。
3.当主句的谓语动词是ask, tell, show, teach等,且宾语从句的主语和主句的间接宾语一致时,从句可转化为不定式结构或疑问词+不定式结构。例:
Mr.Hu tells us that we shouldn’t draw on the wall.
=Mr.Hu tells us not to draw on the wall.
胡老师告诉我们不应该在墙上画画。
Will you please tell me where I can buy stamps
=Will you please tell me where to buy stamps
请告诉我在哪儿能买到邮票
4.有些宾语从句可转化为复合宾语结构,常用动词find, think, make。例:
I think it is necessary for us to learn to wait.
=I think it necessary for us to learn to wait.
我认为我们有必要学会等待。
I find she is a good girl.
=I find her a good girl.
我发现她是一个好女孩。
一、句型转换
1.I don’t know what I should do to help him.(改为简单句)
I don’t know _________ to help him.
2.How did he go to school yesterday
His father doesn’t know.(合成一句)
His father doesn’t know ______________________________.
3.Does light travel faster than sound Tom asked.(改为复合句)
Tom asked _________________________________.
4.Does he still play basketball I want to know.(改为复合句)
_______________________________________
5.When did the train leave He didn’t know.(改为复合句)
___________________________________
二、用括号中所给词的适当形式填空
1.I’m sure everybody _________(be) in the classroom.
2.I’ll take back what I _________(say).
3.The teacher told us that the sun ___(be) bigger than the moon.
4.We wondered if he _________(can) mend the computer.
5.I don’t know his watch ___________(steal) yesterday.
6.She told me they _______________(clean) up the city park at this time yesterday.
7.Tom’s friends hear that Tom _________(be) here for a week.
8.Lee’s boss asked him if he _________(like) the job.
9.She said that she _________(go) shopping with Linda last Sunday.
10.I hope that I _________(visit) the village again.
三、根据汉语提示完成句子
1.她问我明天是否去看电影。
She asked me ______ I _________ go to the cinema tomorrow.
2.我不知道我儿子最需要什么。
I don’t know _________ my son _________ _________.
3.你能告诉我这本字典的价格吗
Could you tell me _________ _________ the dictionary ______
4.我想知道这个女孩为什么在哭。
I wonder _________ the little girl was _________.
5.你决定将怎样帮助那些贫困地区的孩子了吗
Have you decided _________ you _________ _____ the children in the poor area
　
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