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焦点 03 阅读理解之说明文
备战 2025 年中考英语新课标（核心素养）二轮复习之优秀
生拔高重难题型特训
【预测分析】
一、重难点分析
1. 结构与逻辑分析
重点：说明文常采用总分总、问题-解决、时间顺序等结构，需识别段落间的逻辑关系（因
果、对比、举例）。
难点：处理复杂逻辑链（如多步骤说明或隐含因果关系），例如科技类文章中实验步骤的
推导。
2. 专业术语与长难句理解
重点：掌握高频学科词汇（如科技类：algorithm 算法；环保类：carbon emission 碳排放）。
难点：分析嵌套定语从句、被动语态的长难句，例如“The device, which was developed by
engineers, uses solar energy to power the system.”。
3. 细节定位与干扰项排除
高频考点：数据、步骤、特征、优缺点等具体信息，常出现在列举处（first, second）、例
证处（for example）或转折对比处（however, but）。
陷阱设置：偷换概念（如将“reduce”改为“eliminate”）、无中生有（原文未提及的结论）。
4. 推理与主旨归纳
重点：根据说明目的推断作者意图（如呼吁环保行动）。
难点：区分主旨（central idea）与细节（specific fact），避免过度解读。
5. 词义猜测与图表分析
重点：利用上下文语境或构词法猜测生词（如“bio-degradable”=“可生物降解的”）。
难点：结合图表数据（如柱状图、流程图）验证信息，需跨文本整合信息。
二、解题步骤与技巧
1. 快速浏览，把握结构
方法：首段定位说明对象（如“AI in Education”），尾段总结核心观点；段落首句多为主题
句。
示例：若首段提到“5G technology revolutionizes communication”，可预判文章将介绍 5G 的
技术特点及应用。
2. 定位细节，精准匹配
方法：根据题干关键词（数字、专有名词）回原文定位，注意限定词（如“main purpose”
需关注首尾段）。
技巧：选项与原文同义替换概率高（如“efficient”对应“save time and energy”）。
3. 分析逻辑，推理验证
因果推断：关注“due to”“as a result”等信号词，关联前后信息。
观点与事实区分：事实（客观描述） vs. 观点（含“may be”“could”等推测性词汇）。
4. 验证答案，排除干扰
原则：绝对化选项（如“only, never”）通常错误；正确选项需符合文本逻辑。
验证方法：将选项代入原文，检查是否与数据、步骤一致。
三、预测分析
1. 命题趋势
题型分布：细节理解题占比 60%-70%，推理判断题占 20%，主旨题占 10%。
选材方向：
本土文化融合：如河南非遗技艺（唐三彩制作）、黄河生态保护科技应用。
科技热点：智能家居、AI 辅助学习、新能源技术（如氢能源汽车）。
社会议题：垃圾分类、青少年心理健康、传统文化保护。
2. 高频考点
细节题：数据对比（如“reduce energy consumption by 30%”）、步骤顺序（如实验操作流程）。
推理题：隐含意图（如“政府应加强监管”对应“policy proposals”）。
主旨题：通过首尾段高频词判断（如“sustainable development”指向环保主题）。
3. 备考建议
强化训练：每周精练 3-4 篇真题，标注逻辑标志词（∵→, vs.）和段落主题句。
限时模拟：说明文控制在 10 分钟内完成，细节题 1.5 分钟/题，主旨题 2 分钟/题。
跨学科积累：熟悉科技、环保类高频词汇（如 renewable energy, carbon footprint）。
四、总结：2025 年河南中考说明文需重点把握逻辑结构与术语理解，结合本土文化、科技
及环保热点，通过精准定位和逻辑分析提升得分率。
【基础试题】
A
A new study says that birds are building their nests (巢) with rubbish. The rubbish includes
cigarette butts (烟头) and plastic bags.
A group of European scientists looked into about 35,000 studies on birds’ nests. They found
that birds had used man - made things in nests almost everywhere on Earth except Antarctica.
Some rubbish seems to be helpful. This is why birds" like" putting it in their nests. For
example, cigarette butts have some chemicals, so they can keep insects away and protect the
chicks (幼鸟). Plastic bags are useful in keeping the animals warm. And other hard things, such as
paper cards, can make nests stronger.
However, human rubbish may do harm to birds. The toxic (有毒的) chemicals in cigarettes
hurt the chicks. The chicks may get sick or have shorter lives, according to a study.
To make matters worse, if the cigarette still burns when the bird brings it back to its home,
it may set fire to the nest. Pieces of the fishing net (网) may also trap birds, and it’s impossible for
them to get out by themselves. If the chicks eat some kinds of rubbish by accident, they will also
get hurt. Our friends in the air are feeling the bad effects of environmental pollution.
1．How does the writer begin the passage
A．By telling a story. B．By asking a question.
C．By showing a study. D．By listing some numbers.
2．What does the underlined word “trap” mean
A．Catch. B．Support. C．Admire. D．Create.
3．What result does each kind of harmful item bring
①pieces of the fishing net a. setting fire to the nest
②burning cigarettes b. getting birds sick
③chemicals in cigarettes c. trapping birds
A．①-a; ②-c; ③-b B．①-a; ②-b; ③-c
C．①-c; ②-a; ③-b D．①-c; ②-b; ③-a
4．What can we know from the passage
A．Human rubbish may not do harm to birds.
B．Cigarette butts are very helpful in building the nests.
C．Birds have used man - made things in nests everywhere on Earth.
D．Birds are feeling the bad effects of environmental pollution.
5．What would be the best structure of the passage
A． B． C． D．
【答案】1．C 2．A 3．C 4．D 5．D
【难度】0.85
【知识点】环境保护、说明文
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了一项新研究指出鸟类正在用垃圾建造巢穴，包括烟
头和塑料袋等，这些垃圾有的看似有用，但有的对鸟类有害，鸟类正感受到环境污染的不良
影响。
1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“A new study says that birds are building their nests (巢) with
rubbish.”可知，作者通过展示一项研究来开始这篇文章。故选 C。
2．词句猜测题。根据文章第五段“Pieces of the fishing net (网) may also trap birds, and it’s
impossible for them to get out by themselves.”可知，渔网的碎片可能会困住鸟，它们不可能自
己逃出来，所以“trap”意为“困住，抓住”，与“Catch”意思相近。故选 A。
3．推理判断题。根据文章第五段“if the cigarette still burns when the bird brings it back to its
home, it may set fire to the nest.”可知，燃烧的香烟可能会点燃鸟巢，对应②-a；根据第五段
“Pieces of the fishing net (网) may also trap birds, and it’s impossible for them to get out by
themselves.”可知，渔网的碎片可能会困住鸟，对应①-c；根据第四段“The toxic (有毒的)
chemicals in cigarettes hurt the chicks.”可知，香烟中的有毒化学物质会伤害幼鸟，对应③-
b。因此，①-c; ②-a; ③-b 的组合是正确的。故选 C。
4．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Our friends in the air are feeling the bad effects of
environmental pollution.”可知，鸟类正感受到环境污染的不良影响。故选 D。
5．篇章结构题。文章第一段通过展示一项研究引出主题，即鸟类正在用垃圾筑巢；第二段
进一步说明鸟类几乎在地球上的每个地方都使用人造物品筑巢；第三段说明一些垃圾似乎对
鸟类有帮助；第四、五段说明人类垃圾可能对鸟类有害。因此，文章的最佳结构是①②/③/
④⑤，即先引出主题，然后分别讨论垃圾对鸟类的利弊。故选 D。
B
Nature is amazing! Take a close look at the world of insects, and you’ll discover many
unbelievable things. Consider butterflies, for example. Butterflies are colorful and they have
strong wings. They can show their wonderful flying skills with their wings. On summer days, you
can always see them flying freely over flower gardens and wild fields. But do you know how
butterflies become the flying insects
The process includes four stages. In the first stage, a female (雌的) butterfly lays a small
and colorful egg on a leaf or the stem (茎) of a plant.
In the second stage, it becomes a walking insect. This insect is called caterpillar (毛虫). It
now has legs, eyes and a large body. The caterpillar can eat, walk and see. A new life has begun,
but it is still not a butterfly.
The next stage is known as the “pupa (蛹) stage”. After growing big, the caterpillar covers
itself in a nice protective blanket (保护层) and goes to sleep.
In the last stage, the blanket breaks, and a wet, weak butterfly appears. It looks quite
different from a pupa. It now has six legs, a mouth, eyes and wings.
After a few weeks, this adult butterfly lays her eggs, and the cycle begins again. This is just
one example of the wonders of nature. Look around the natural world, and you will learn many
truly amazing things.
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
1．What’s the writer’s purpose in writing paragraph 1
A．To introduce colorful butterflies. B．To introduce the topic of the text.
C．To tell us the flying skills of butterflies. D．To show us how amazing butterflies are.
2．What does the underlined word “It” in paragraph 3 refer to
A．The egg. B．The caterpillar. C．The pupa. D．The butterfly.
3．In which stage does the insect have wings
A．The first stage. B．The second stage. C．The third stage. D．The fourth stage.
4．What can we learn from the text
A．A caterpillar has eyes but no legs. B．The caterpillar sleeps in a blanket.
C．A butterfly has six legs and can fly. D．A butterfly looks similar to a pupa.
5．What’s the best title for the text
A．Butterflies’ Special Life B．Changes of Insects
C．Unbelievable Insects D．Amazing Butterflies
【答案】1．B 2．B 3．D 4．C 5．D
【难度】0.85
【知识点】常见动物、科普知识、说明文
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了蝴蝶的生命周期及其变化过程。
1．推理判断题。阅读第一段，根据“Nature is amazing!...become the flying insects ”可知，作
者在第一段中通过介绍蝴蝶的美丽和飞行技巧，引出了蝴蝶生命周期的主题。故选 B。
2．词句猜测题。根据第三段“In the second stage, it becomes a walking insect. This insect is called
caterpillar. It now has legs, eyes and a large body. The caterpillar can eat, walk and see. A new life
has begun, but it is still not a butterfly.”可知，在第二阶段，它变成了一种会行走的昆虫。这种
昆虫被称为毛虫。它现在有腿、眼睛和一个大身体。毛虫可以吃、走和看。新的生命开始了，
但它还不是蝴蝶。因此，“It”指的是毛虫。故选 B。
3．细节理解题。根据第五段“In the last stage, the blanket breaks, and a wet, weak butterfly
appears. It looks quite different from a pupa. It now has six legs, a mouth, eyes and wings.”可知，
在最后一个阶段，保护层破裂，一只湿漉漉、虚弱的蝴蝶出现了。它看起来与蛹完全不同。
它现在有六条腿、一张嘴、眼睛和翅膀。故选 D。
4．推理判断题。根据第五段“In the last stage, the blanket breaks, and a wet, weak butterfly
appears. It looks quite different from a pupa. It now has six legs, a mouth, eyes and wings.”可推
知，蝴蝶有六条腿并能飞行。故选 C。
5．最佳标题题。根据全文内容，文章主要讲述了蝴蝶的生命周期及其变化过程，展示了蝴
蝶的神奇之处。故选 D。
C
It is widely known that China has the most advanced high-speed railway network in the
world. Now, the country is breaking its own speed record with CR450.
CR450 can travel at 400 kilometers per hour on average, with a top speed hitting 453
kilometers per hour. Before this, the fastest high-speed train operating in a rail network in the
world is China’s CR400, which runs at 350 kilometers per hour on average.
Once put into use, for example, the CR450 will shorten the travel time from Beijing to
Shanghai to just about two and a half hours, which takes at least four and a half hours at the
moment.
“The key is not to make the train run fast but to have it brake (刹车) accurately (精准地)
and steadily (平稳地),” Zhao Hongwei of the China Academy of Railway Sciences told CCTV
News. The standard is that the CR450 should have the same brake distance as the CR400, which is
6,500 meters, even though it travels a lot faster. It can also start braking more quickly, taking just
1.7 seconds compared with the 2.3 seconds needed for the CR400.
Apart from having a better braking system, the CR450 has the same noise level as the
CR400. Moreover, it is 12 percent lighter and 20 percent less energy-consuming (耗 能 的 ),
according to CCTV News. With all its advantages, people are getting excited about the train’s
debut (首次亮相), which is planned to be within this year.
1．What is the top speed of the CR450
A．350 km/h B．400 km/h C．453 km/h D．500 km/h
2．Lucy will leave Beijing for Shanghai by CR450 at 9: 00 a. m. When will she arrive
A．11:30 a. m. B．12:30. p. m. C．13:30 p. m. D．14:30 p. m.
3．What did Zhao Hongwei tell CCTV News
A．It’s quite important to make the train run faster.
B．The key is to make CR450 brake accurately and steadily.
C．China has the most advanced high-speed railway network.
D．CR450 should have the same brake distance as the CR400.
4．How does Zhao Hongwei support his opinion in paragraph 4
A．By asking questions. B．By giving examples.
C．By explaining reasons. D．By listing numbers.
5．What can be the best title for the text
A．A Great Engineer B．The World’s Fastest Train
C．High Technology Changes the World D．China Is Growing Fast
【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．D 5．B
【难度】0.85
【知识点】发明与创造、说明文
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国最新高速列车 CR450 的技术特点和性能
优势，包括其速度、制动系统、能耗等方面的突破。
1．细节理解题。根据“CR450 can travel at 400 kilometers per hour on average, with a top speed
hitting 453 kilometers per hour.”可知，其最高速度为 453 km/h。故选 C。
2．细节理解题。根据“the CR450 will shorten the travel time from Beijing to Shanghai to just
about two and a half hours”可知，CR450 将北京到上海的行程缩短至约两个半小时，露西上
午 9 点乘 CR450 离开北京前往上海，到达时间为 11:30 a.m.。故选 A。
3．细节理解题。根据“The key is not to make the train run fast but to have it brake (刹车)
accurately (精准地) and steadily (平稳地),”可知，他强调的是制动性能。故选 B。
4．推理判断题。根据“which is 6,500 meters…taking just 1.7 seconds compared with the 2.3
seconds…”可知，是通过列数字的方式支持观点。故选 D。
5．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，全文围绕 CR450 的速度和技术突破展开，所以 B 项符合。
故选 B。
【提升试题】
A
China is making big efforts to help people control their weight and live healthier lives. The
government has started a three-year “Weight Management Year” plan from 2024 to 2027 to fight
against obesity (肥胖). Obesity can cause serious health problems like diabetes (糖尿病) and heart
disease. Here’s what you should know about the new guidelines.
First, it’s important to check your BMI (Body Mass Index) (身体质量指数). For adults, a
healthy BMI is between 18.5 and 24. If your BMI is between 24 and 28, you are overweight.
ABMI of 28 or more means you are obese. Also, doctors suggest measuring your waist. Men
should keep their waist under 90 cm, and women under 85 cm.
Eating well is very important, and exercise is just as important! When it comes to food,
choose whole grains like brown rice, fresh vegetables, and lean proteins (瘦蛋白) such as fish,
chicken, or beans. Don’t eat fried foods and sugary snacks, and also eat less salt and oil.
Interestingly, the guidelines even include fun local dishes-like “stewed fish” from Northeast China
or “noodles with chili oil” from the Northwest to make healthy eating tasty and full of local flavor.
For exercise, try to do 150-300 minutes of activities like walking, cycling, or dancing every
week, and do strength exercises twice a week. If you sit for a long time while studying, stand up
and stretch for 3-5 minutes every hour.
Besides diet (饮食) and exercise, small daily habits can also make a big difference. Teens
should sleep 7 hours every night because bad sleep can make you gain weight. Try to eat
vegetables first, then meat, and finally rice or bread during a meal to control how much you eat.
Schools and communities are also helping. For example, schools in Shanghai now make
sure students exercise for at least two hours every day, and hospitals have “weight clinics” with
diet plans, exercise advice, and even traditional Chinese ways like acupuncture (针灸). By 2030,
China hopes to slow down the increase of obesity through education and support.
Remember, losing weight isn’t about being perfect— just start with small changes, like
drinking water instead of soda or taking the stairs instead of the elevator. With these easy steps,
everyone can have a healthier future.
1．What is the main goal of China’s “Weight Management Year” plan
A．To make traditional Chinese food popular.
B．To teach students how to cook healthy meals.
C．To encourage people to join sports competitions.
D．To control body weight and improve public health.
2．Why does the text mention “stewed fish” from Northeast China
A．Because it is the unhealthiest dish.
B．Because it is the only dish allowed.
C．To encourage people to visit Northeast China.
D．To show that healthy eating can include tasty local foods.
3．What does the text suggest for people who sit for long hours
A．Sleep more. B．Eat more snacks.
C．Drink more soda. D．Stand up and stretch every hour.
4．According to the guidelines, which food should people avoid to control weight
A．Brown rice and fresh vegetables. B．Fish and beans.
C．Fried foods and sugary snacks. D．Stewed fish and noodles with chili oil.
5．What does the text mean by “small daily habits can also make a big difference”
A．Habits don’t matter for weight control.
B．Only big changes can help with weight loss.
C．You must exercise for hours every day to see results.
D．Tiny changes like drinking water instead of soda can improve health over time.
【答案】1．D 2．D 3．D 4．C 5．D
【难度】0.65
【知识点】意见/建议、健康饮食、健康与运动、说明文
【导语】本文主要讲述了中国政府为控制国民体重和改善公共健康所推出的“体重管理年”
计划。
1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“The government has started a three-year ‘Weight Management
Year’ plan from 2024 to 2027 to fight against obesity (肥胖)”可知，该计划的主要目标是控制体
重和改善公共健康。故选 D。
2．推理判断题。根据第三段“the guidelines even include fun local dishes…to make healthy eating
tasty and full of local flavor”可知，提到“东北炖鱼”是为了说明健康饮食可以包含美味的本地
食物。故选 D。
3．细节理解题。根据第四段“If you sit for a long time while studying, stand up and stretch for 3-5
minutes every hour”可知，建议久坐的人每小时站起来活动。故选 D。
4．细节理解题。根据第三段“Don’t eat fried foods and sugary snacks”可知，应避免油炸食品
和高糖零食。故选 C。
5．词句猜测题。根据最后一段“losing weight isn’t about being perfect—just start with small
changes…everyone can have a healthier future”可知，微小的日常习惯（如喝水代替汽水）长
期来看能改善健康。故选 D。
B
Have you seen wind lift a kite into the sky It is a common example of how humans use
nature’s energy. Actually, humans can always think of ways to use energy in nature, such as the
use of wind energy. And humans have been using this power for thousands of years. There are
many facts about using wind.
Boats were one of the most important forms of transportation for ancient people. Wind
blows against the boats’ sails, and then pushes them forward. Modern technology can make wind
power even more helpful by using it to produce electricity. Wind makes windmills turn faster,
which helps change the power of the wind into electricity. Then the electricity travels through
power lines and is sent out to homes and more. More importantly, wind energy is a clean and
renewable source.
Besides humans, plants also take advantage of wind power. Seeds (种子) are carried by
wind to new places, allowing plants to spread and grow. A light wind can send hundreds of
dandelion (蒲公英) seeds flying everywhere. When the seeds land, they can grow into new plants.
And animals also make use of wind power. For example, birds use their wings to fly, but
that takes a lot of energy. With the help of wind, they can fly much more easily. Spiders make
strong silk in their bodies. Many baby spiders travel far by throwing a thread into the air and
letting wind carry them away.
Using wind energy is a step towards a greener and pollution-free environment. Next time
you see a sailboat moving in the water or a bird flying in the sky, remember the power of wind. It’
s a force of nature. And it is also a symbol of friendship between humans and nature.
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
1．Why does the writer give an example of using wind energy in Paragraph 1
A．To share an idea. B．To discuss a problem.
C．To lead into the topic. D．To compare the facts.
2．What does the underlined word “them” refer to
A．The boats. B．The boatmen. C．The windmills. D．The power lines.
3．What can we know about the wind energy according to the text
A．It helps birds build their homes. B．It is friendly to the environment.
C．It makes seeds grow in safe places. D．It protects animals from their enemies.
4．What is the structure of the text (①= Paragraph 1…)
A． B．
C． D．
5．What is the text mainly about
A．How wind helps. B．Why humans use wind.
C．Where wind comes from. D．What animals do with wind.
【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．A 5．A
【难度】0.65
【知识点】科普知识、说明文
【导语】本文主要介绍了风能这种清洁的能源以及风能的作用。
1．推理判断题。根据“Have you seen wind lift a kite into the sky …humans can always think of
ways to use energy in nature, such as the use of wind energy.”可知，第一段用“风筝”为例，意在
引出“利用风能”这一话题，故选 C。
2．细节理解题。根据“Wind blows against the boats’ sails, and then pushes them forward.”可知，
这一句话是说“风吹着船帆，然后推动它们前进”，因此“them”指代前文提到的“boats”，故选
A。
3．细节理解题。根据“More importantly, wind energy is a clean and renewable source.”可知，
风能是“清洁且可再生”，对环境友好，故选 B。
4．篇章结构题。通读全文可知，第一段引出主题；第二至四段展开列举事实；第五段总结
并升华，因此文章是“总分总”结构。故选 A。
5．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要围绕风如何帮助人类、植物和动物展开，核心是“风
如何发挥作用”，故选 A。
C
Are you an “I person” or an “E person” These two personality types are widely discussed
online. They are part of a popular personality test called MBTI. All of the results have four letters,
and there are 16 results in total. “I” and “E” refer to “introverted (内向的)” and “extroverted (外
向的).”
Even if someone is especially quiet, many online discussions suggest that an “I” person can
still be outgoing at times. For example, when an introverted person is with some introverted
friends, he might become more social like an “E” person. Sometimes, an “I person” just wishes to
fit in and show people he wants to be accepted. But deep down, he mostly enjoys being alone and
quiet.
According to scientists, this idea of changing personalities in a short time is called
“masking”. That is hiding true personalities in specific situations. People want to feel they be long
to the group, and show that they are easy to get along with.
Using MBTI to identify (识别) personalities can be fun, but don’t go too far. A Shenzhen
University student found that his sister, a “P person”, was planning a day-to-day trip plan. He
remembered “P people” don’t like to make plans, so he said that she didn’t seem like a “P person”.
His sister argued, “Why do I need to follow what my personality test tells me to do ” It was then
he realized he’d taken the result too seriously.
The MBTI personality test may show something you don’t know about yourself and can be
an ice-breaker question when meeting new friends. However, knowing someone’s MBTI result
doesn’t mean you really know this person. And those four letters of yours don’t decide who you
are.
1．What can we know from MBTI
A．Habits.
B．Personalities.
C．Hobbies.
D．Families.
2．When do people hide their true personalities
A．They want to join and please people.
B．They feel nervous in specific situations.
C．They want to enjoy being alone and quiet.
D．They are with a group of outgoing friends.
3．What does the underlined word “masking” in Paragraph 3 probably mean
A．Thinking of a new idea.
B．Feeling in a bad mood.
C．Pleasing others with a kind act.
D．Covering with untrue feelings.
4．What does the example in Paragraph 4 want to show
A．“P people” are good at making plans.
B．“P people” don’t act like what the test shows.
C．People need to do as the personality test tells.
D．People needn’t take the personality test seriously.
5．Which is the best title for the passage
A．Two personality types.
B．A fun ice-breaker question.
C．Finding out who you are.
D．Becoming an “I” or “E” person
【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．D 5．B
【难度】0.65
【知识点】科普知识、说明文
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了 MBTI 人格测试，以及通过 MBTI 人格测试可
以发现一些关于你自己都不知道的事情，也可以作为结识新朋友时的破冰问题。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段“They are part of a popular personality test called MBTI.”可知，
MBTI 可用于测试人的性格。故选 B。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段“That is hiding true personalities in specific situations. People want
to feel they belong to the group, and show that they are easy to get along with.”可知，当人们想加
入并取悦他人时，会隐藏自己的真实性格。故选 A。
3．词义猜测题。根据第三段“According to scientists, this idea of changing personalities in a short
time is called...”可知，划线部分单词的意思是“暂时改变性格”，也就是用不真实的感觉来掩
盖。故选 D。
4．推理判断题。根据第四段“Using MBTI to identify (识别) personalities can be fun, but don’t
go too far.”及第四段最后一句“It was then he realized he'd taken the result too seriously.”可知，
第四段的例子想说明人们不必把人格测试看得太认真。故选 D。
5．标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了 MBTI 人格测试，以及通过 MBTI 人格测
试可以发现一些关于你自己都不知道的事情，也可以作为结识新朋友时的破冰问题。故选B。
【拔高试题】
A
Friction (f) is a kind of force when two surfaces touch against each other. And it always acts
in the opposite direction of the way an object is moving.
Friction helps do daily things. When you ride a bicycle and stop suddenly, friction helps
you stop safely. Without friction, you couldn’t hold things, write with a pencil, or drive a car. In
sports, friction helps a lot. Soccer players need friction to control the ball, while swimmers try to
make friction less so they can swim faster.
Friction can also cause problems. It makes your shoes wear out and machines get too hot.
Also when you try to pull a heavy wooden table across the floor, the friction between the table
legs and the floor makes it hard to move, and you might get tired easily.
How much friction happens depends on the key feature (特征)— the rougher (粗糙) the
surfaces are, the stronger the friction is. That’s why it’s harder to move on a rough road than on a
smooth floor. Even air and water create friction. That’s why airplanes and boats are made to move
smoothly through them.
Friction plays an important role in our everyday life. Friction is everywhere. If there is no
friction, life would be very different!
1．Which picture best describes friction
A． B．
C． D．
2．Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a way friction helps us in daily life
A．Friction helps cars drive faster.
B．Friction helps you to write with a pencil.
C．Friction helps soccer players control the ball.
D．Friction helps you stop safely when riding a bicycle.
3．How does the writer explain the problems that friction causes in paragraph 3
A．By telling stories. B．By listing numbers.
C．By asking questions. D．By giving examples.
4．Why is it harder to move on a rough road than on a smooth floor
A．The road is smoother than the floor. B．The rough road creates less friction.
C．The rough road creates more friction. D．The smooth floor creates more friction.
5．What’s the structure of the text
A． B．
C． D．
【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．C 5．A
【难度】0.4
【知识点】科普知识、说明文
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了摩擦力的定义、作用及其在日常生活中的影响。
1．细节理解题。根据“And it always acts in the opposite direction of the way an object is moving.”
可知，摩擦力的作用方向总是与物体的运动方向相反。图 B 的运动方向向右，摩擦力作用
方向向左。故选 B。
2．细节理解题。根据“When you ride a bicycle and stop suddenly, friction helps you stop safely.
Without friction, you couldn’t hold things, write with a pencil, or drive a car. In sports, friction
helps a lot. Soccer players need friction to control the ball...”可知，摩擦力可以帮助我们在骑车
时安全停下来，拿东西，用铅笔写字，开车，还能帮助运动员控球，选项 A“摩擦力有助于
汽车开得更快” 并未提及。故选 A。
3．推理判断题。根据“It makes your shoes wear out and machines get too hot....the friction
between the table legs and the floor makes it hard to move...”可知，摩擦力使得鞋子磨损，机器
变得过热，还让人难以移动桌子，由此可知作者通过举例说明摩擦力带来的问题。故选 D。
4．细节理解题。根据“...the rougher (粗糙) the surfaces are, the stronger the friction is. That’s why
it’s harder to move on a rough road than on a smooth floor.”可知，粗糙的路面会产生更多的摩
擦力，因此更难移动。故选 C。
5．篇章结构题。通读全文可知，全文是总分总的结构：首段通过介绍摩擦力的定义引入主
题；第二、三和四段分别介绍了摩擦力的作用，缺点以及特征，作为文章的主体；最后一段
总结了摩擦力的重要性。故选 A。
B
In the Taishan Mountain, Shandong, a robotic dog was tested. Its main job was to carry
heavy things, such as waste, acting as a “porter” (脚夫) on the mountain and reducing the need for
human workers.
Every year, there are millions of visitors in Taishan Mountain. These tourists produced
nearly 24,000 tons of waste every year. The terrain (地形) in the Taishan Mountain made it harder
to clean and transport the waste as large machines couldn’t be used and the waste had to be
collected by hand.
To solve this problem, the scenic area tested robotic dogs for waste collection. The tested
robotic dogs were some of the fastest and most advanced industrial-grade quadruped (四足的)
robots on the market. They could cross obstacles (障碍) easily, keep good balance, and carry
heavy things for a long time.
Tests were carried out over three days at the base, middle and top of the mountain. The
robotic dogs, equipped with a shelf and cargo (货物) box that could carry 30 to 40 kilograms,
were tested for climbing ability and load-bearing capacity (容量) on the challenging terrain.
Results showed that they could reach the top of the mountain from the base within two
hours, while the average time for adult tourists not carrying a heavy load was around four hours.
The robots could operate for four to six hours on a full charge (充电量). During the tests, the
robotic dogs fit over 80 percent of the mountain’s terrain (地形).
Many tourists were attracted by these robotic dogs. Wang Yang, a tourist from Heilongjiang
Province, said, “I saw it climbing and took a photo with it. It’s truly amazing”
1．What is the main job of the robotic dog in the Taishan Mountain
A．To guide tourists. B．To carry heavy things like rubbish.
C．To clean the scenic area directly. D．To protect the environment.
2．Why is it difficult to clean and transport the waste in Taishan Mountain
A．Because there are too many tourists.
B．Because the waste is too heavy.
C．Because cleaners can’t use big machines to help them do cleaning.
D．Because the tourists don’t cooperate with the cleaners.
3．Which of the following is not mentioned about the robotic dog
A．Its appearance. B．Its capacity. C．Its color. D．Its function.
4．What can we know from paragraph 5
A．Robotic dogs are more suitable for long-distance mountain climbing.
B．Robotic dogs can replace all human workers in mountain-related work.
C．With a full charge, robotic dogs can make at least two round trips on the mountain.
D．The robotic dogs may greatly improve the efficiency of waste collection.
5．In which part of a newspaper can we probably find this passage
A．Environment. B．Technology. C．Story. D．Entertainment.
【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 4．D 5．B
【难度】0.4
【知识点】发明与创造、科学技术、说明文
【导语】本文主要介绍了山东泰安泰山景区测试了一款机器狗，其主要功能是作为“脚夫”
搬运垃圾等重物，以减少人力需求。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Its main job was to carry heavy things, such as waste, acting as a
‘porter’ on the mountain and reducing the need for human workers.”可知，机器狗的主要工作是
搬运垃圾等重物。故选 B。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段“The terrain in the Taishan Mountain made it harder to clean and
transport the waste as large machines couldn’t be used and the waste had to be collected by hand.”
可知，因为地形复杂导致无法使用大型机械来帮忙清理。故选 C。
3．细节理解题。根据第一段“Its main job was to carry heavy things”、第四段“The robotic dogs,
equipped with a shelf and cargo box that could carry 30 to 40 kilograms”以及全文可知，文中提
到机器狗的功能、外观和容量，但未提及其颜色。故选 C。
4．推理判断题。根据第五段“Results showed that they could reach the top of the mountain from
the base within two hours, while the average time for adult tourists not carrying a heavy load was
around four hours. The robots could operate for four to six hours on a full charge. During the tests,
the robotic dogs fit over 80 percent of the mountain’s terrain.”可知，第五段显示机器狗速度是普
通游客的两倍，且续航 4-6 小时，说明其可能大幅提升垃圾收集工作的效率。故选 D。
5．推理判断题。根据全文可知，本文主要介绍了一款机器狗，其主要功能是作为“脚夫”搬
运垃圾等重物，以减少人力需求。文章核心为科技产品，所以我们可能会在报纸的科技板块
找到这篇文章。故选 B。
C
Sperm whales (抹香鲸) live in every ocean on the planet. How much do you know about
them
They have the biggest brains on Earth. Human brains weigh about 1.4 kilograms, but a
sperm whale’s brain can weigh up to 9 kilograms! They are clever sea animals.
They are the loudest animals alive. Their high-pitched clicks (声调高的咔哒声) are louder
than planes and allow sperm whales to send information to one another from hundreds of
kilometers away. In addition, these clicks are special to each whale. Scientists believe this is how
sperm whales recognize (辨认出) one another.
They sleep vertically (垂直地). Sperm whales sleep in a vertical position near the surface of
the water. This allows sperm whales to sleep for shorter periods of time. In fact, scientists found
that they sleep for less than two hours each day.
They produce something that is worth as much as gold. Ambergris (龙涎香) is an amazing
thing that forms in the stomach of a sperm whale. Ambergris is thought to protect the whale from
the sharp things that it eats. Sperm whales release (释 放 ) ambergris into the sea as a
sweet-smelling, egg-shaped ball. Because ambergris is often used in fine perfumes (香 料 ), a
kilogram of it can sell for up to $50,000. This makes ambergris one of the most ▲ objects on
Earth!
Sperm whales are amazing animals on Earth.
1．Sperm whales use _________ to recognize each other.
A．their shapes B．their brains C．their sounds D．their breaths
2．Sperm whales might sleep in the ocean _________.
A．by lying in the ocean B．by standing up
C．by facing down D．by lying near the surface of the ocean
3．What could be the missing word in the blank “ ▲ ” in Paragraph 5
A．embarrassing B．interesting C．uncomfortable D．valuable
4．Which of the following can show the structure (结构) of the passage
A．①②→③④⑤⑥ B．①②③→④⑤⑥
C． D．
5．What’s the writer’s main purpose in writing the passage
A．To introduce some fun facts about sperm whales.
B．To ask more people to help find sperm whales.
C．To describe how sperm whales recognize each other.
D．To explain why ambergris of sperm whales is expensive.
【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．C 5．A
【难度】0.4
【知识点】常见动物、科普知识、说明文
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了抹香鲸的多个方面，包括其大脑大、声音独特用于
交流、垂直睡眠方式以及体内产生的珍贵龙涎香等有趣事实。
1．细节理解题。根据“They are the loudest animals alive. Their high-pitched clicks are louder than
planes and allow sperm whales to send information to one another from hundreds of kilometers
away...Scientists believe this is how sperm whales recognize one another.”可知，抹香鲸通过它们
的声音来相互识别。故选 C。
2．细节理解题。根据“They sleep vertically. Sperm whales sleep in a vertical position near the
surface of the water.”可知，抹香鲸可能会在海洋中靠近水面垂直躺着睡觉，也就是站着睡觉。
故选 B。
3．推理判断题。根据“Because ambergris is often used in fine perfumes, a kilogram of it can sell
for up to $50, 000.”可知，龙涎香常用于优质香料，一公斤能卖到高达 5 万美元，这说明它是
很有价值的物品。选项 valuable“有价值的”符合语境。故选 D。
4．篇章结构题。文章第一段“Sperm whales live in every ocean on the planet. How much do you
know about them ” 引出关于抹香鲸的话题；第二段介绍抹香鲸有地球上最大的大脑，第三
段介绍它们是最吵闹的动物及用声音交流辨认，第四段介绍它们垂直睡觉，第五段介绍它们
能产生昂贵的龙涎香；第六段“Sperm whales are amazing animals on Earth.”总结抹香鲸是地球
上令人惊叹的动物。所以文章是总分总的结构，第一段总起，中间二、三、四、五段分别介
绍抹香鲸的不同特点，第六段总结，C 选项的结构符合文章内容，故选 C。
5．主旨大意题。文章从抹香鲸的大脑、声音、睡眠、龙涎香等多个方面介绍了关于抹香鲸
的一些有趣事实。选项 A“介绍一些关于抹香鲸的有趣事实”符合文章主旨。故选 A。阅读理解之说明文
备战 2025 年中考英语新课标（核心素养）二轮复习之优秀
生拔高重难题型特训
【预测分析】
一、重难点分析
1. 结构与逻辑分析
重点：说明文常采用总分总、问题-解决、时间顺序等结构，需识别段落间的逻辑关系（因
果、对比、举例）。
难点：处理复杂逻辑链（如多步骤说明或隐含因果关系），例如科技类文章中实验步骤的
推导。
2. 专业术语与长难句理解
重点：掌握高频学科词汇（如科技类：algorithm 算法；环保类：carbon emission 碳排放）。
难点：分析嵌套定语从句、被动语态的长难句，例如“The device, which was developed by
engineers, uses solar energy to power the system.”。
3. 细节定位与干扰项排除
高频考点：数据、步骤、特征、优缺点等具体信息，常出现在列举处（first, second）、例
证处（for example）或转折对比处（however, but）。
陷阱设置：偷换概念（如将“reduce”改为“eliminate”）、无中生有（原文未提及的结论）。
4. 推理与主旨归纳
重点：根据说明目的推断作者意图（如呼吁环保行动）。
难点：区分主旨（central idea）与细节（specific fact），避免过度解读。
5. 词义猜测与图表分析
重点：利用上下文语境或构词法猜测生词（如“bio-degradable”=“可生物降解的”）。
难点：结合图表数据（如柱状图、流程图）验证信息，需跨文本整合信息。
二、解题步骤与技巧
1. 快速浏览，把握结构
方法：首段定位说明对象（如“AI in Education”），尾段总结核心观点；段落首句多为主题
句。
示例：若首段提到“5G technology revolutionizes communication”，可预判文章将介绍 5G 的
技术特点及应用。
2. 定位细节，精准匹配
方法：根据题干关键词（数字、专有名词）回原文定位，注意限定词（如“main purpose”
需关注首尾段）。
技巧：选项与原文同义替换概率高（如“efficient”对应“save time and energy”）。
3. 分析逻辑，推理验证
因果推断：关注“due to”“as a result”等信号词，关联前后信息。
观点与事实区分：事实（客观描述） vs. 观点（含“may be”“could”等推测性词汇）。
4. 验证答案，排除干扰
原则：绝对化选项（如“only, never”）通常错误；正确选项需符合文本逻辑。
验证方法：将选项代入原文，检查是否与数据、步骤一致。
三、预测分析
1. 命题趋势
题型分布：细节理解题占比 60%-70%，推理判断题占 20%，主旨题占 10%。
选材方向：
本土文化融合：如河南非遗技艺（唐三彩制作）、黄河生态保护科技应用。
科技热点：智能家居、AI 辅助学习、新能源技术（如氢能源汽车）。
社会议题：垃圾分类、青少年心理健康、传统文化保护。
2. 高频考点
细节题：数据对比（如“reduce energy consumption by 30%”）、步骤顺序（如实验操作流程）。
推理题：隐含意图（如“政府应加强监管”对应“policy proposals”）。
主旨题：通过首尾段高频词判断（如“sustainable development”指向环保主题）。
3. 备考建议
强化训练：每周精练 3-4 篇真题，标注逻辑标志词（∵→, vs.）和段落主题句。
限时模拟：说明文控制在 10 分钟内完成，细节题 1.5 分钟/题，主旨题 2 分钟/题。
跨学科积累：熟悉科技、环保类高频词汇（如 renewable energy, carbon footprint）。
四、总结：2025 年河南中考说明文需重点把握逻辑结构与术语理解，结合本土文化、科技
及环保热点，通过精准定位和逻辑分析提升得分率。
【基础试题】
A
A new study says that birds are building their nests (巢) with rubbish. The rubbish includes
cigarette butts (烟头) and plastic bags.
A group of European scientists looked into about 35,000 studies on birds’ nests. They found
that birds had used man - made things in nests almost everywhere on Earth except Antarctica.
Some rubbish seems to be helpful. This is why birds" like" putting it in their nests. For
example, cigarette butts have some chemicals, so they can keep insects away and protect the
chicks (幼鸟). Plastic bags are useful in keeping the animals warm. And other hard things, such as
paper cards, can make nests stronger.
However, human rubbish may do harm to birds. The toxic (有毒的) chemicals in cigarettes
hurt the chicks. The chicks may get sick or have shorter lives, according to a study.
To make matters worse, if the cigarette still burns when the bird brings it back to its home,
it may set fire to the nest. Pieces of the fishing net (网) may also trap birds, and it’s impossible for
them to get out by themselves. If the chicks eat some kinds of rubbish by accident, they will also
get hurt. Our friends in the air are feeling the bad effects of environmental pollution.
1．How does the writer begin the passage
A．By telling a story. B．By asking a question.
C．By showing a study. D．By listing some numbers.
2．What does the underlined word “trap” mean
A．Catch. B．Support. C．Admire. D．Create.
3．What result does each kind of harmful item bring
①pieces of the fishing net a. setting fire to the nest
②burning cigarettes b. getting birds sick
③chemicals in cigarettes c. trapping birds
A．①-a; ②-c; ③-b B．①-a; ②-b; ③-c
C．①-c; ②-a; ③-b D．①-c; ②-b; ③-a
4．What can we know from the passage
A．Human rubbish may not do harm to birds.
B．Cigarette butts are very helpful in building the nests.
C．Birds have used man - made things in nests everywhere on Earth.
D．Birds are feeling the bad effects of environmental pollution.
5．What would be the best structure of the passage
A． B． C． D．
B
Nature is amazing! Take a close look at the world of insects, and you’ll discover many
unbelievable things. Consider butterflies, for example. Butterflies are colorful and they have
strong wings. They can show their wonderful flying skills with their wings. On summer days, you
can always see them flying freely over flower gardens and wild fields. But do you know how
butterflies become the flying insects
The process includes four stages. In the first stage, a female (雌的) butterfly lays a small
and colorful egg on a leaf or the stem (茎) of a plant.
In the second stage, it becomes a walking insect. This insect is called caterpillar (毛虫). It
now has legs, eyes and a large body. The caterpillar can eat, walk and see. A new life has begun,
but it is still not a butterfly.
The next stage is known as the “pupa (蛹) stage”. After growing big, the caterpillar covers
itself in a nice protective blanket (保护层) and goes to sleep.
In the last stage, the blanket breaks, and a wet, weak butterfly appears. It looks quite
different from a pupa. It now has six legs, a mouth, eyes and wings.
After a few weeks, this adult butterfly lays her eggs, and the cycle begins again. This is just
one example of the wonders of nature. Look around the natural world, and you will learn many
truly amazing things.
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
1．What’s the writer’s purpose in writing paragraph 1
A．To introduce colorful butterflies. B．To introduce the topic of the text.
C．To tell us the flying skills of butterflies. D．To show us how amazing butterflies are.
2．What does the underlined word “It” in paragraph 3 refer to
A．The egg. B．The caterpillar. C．The pupa. D．The butterfly.
3．In which stage does the insect have wings
A．The first stage. B．The second stage. C．The third stage. D．The fourth stage.
4．What can we learn from the text
A．A caterpillar has eyes but no legs. B．The caterpillar sleeps in a blanket.
C．A butterfly has six legs and can fly. D．A butterfly looks similar to a pupa.
5．What’s the best title for the text
A．Butterflies’ Special Life B．Changes of Insects
C．Unbelievable Insects D．Amazing Butterflies
C
It is widely known that China has the most advanced high-speed railway network in the
world. Now, the country is breaking its own speed record with CR450.
CR450 can travel at 400 kilometers per hour on average, with a top speed hitting 453
kilometers per hour. Before this, the fastest high-speed train operating in a rail network in the
world is China’s CR400, which runs at 350 kilometers per hour on average.
Once put into use, for example, the CR450 will shorten the travel time from Beijing to
Shanghai to just about two and a half hours, which takes at least four and a half hours at the
moment.
“The key is not to make the train run fast but to have it brake (刹车) accurately (精准地)
and steadily (平稳地),” Zhao Hongwei of the China Academy of Railway Sciences told CCTV
News. The standard is that the CR450 should have the same brake distance as the CR400, which is
6,500 meters, even though it travels a lot faster. It can also start braking more quickly, taking just
1.7 seconds compared with the 2.3 seconds needed for the CR400.
Apart from having a better braking system, the CR450 has the same noise level as the
CR400. Moreover, it is 12 percent lighter and 20 percent less energy-consuming (耗 能 的 ),
according to CCTV News. With all its advantages, people are getting excited about the train’s
debut (首次亮相), which is planned to be within this year.
1．What is the top speed of the CR450
A．350 km/h B．400 km/h C．453 km/h D．500 km/h
2．Lucy will leave Beijing for Shanghai by CR450 at 9: 00 a. m. When will she arrive
A．11:30 a. m. B．12:30. p. m. C．13:30 p. m. D．14:30 p. m.
3．What did Zhao Hongwei tell CCTV News
A．It’s quite important to make the train run faster.
B．The key is to make CR450 brake accurately and steadily.
C．China has the most advanced high-speed railway network.
D．CR450 should have the same brake distance as the CR400.
4．How does Zhao Hongwei support his opinion in paragraph 4
A．By asking questions. B．By giving examples.
C．By explaining reasons. D．By listing numbers.
5．What can be the best title for the text
A．A Great Engineer B．The World’s Fastest Train
C．High Technology Changes the World D．China Is Growing Fast
【提升试题】
A
China is making big efforts to help people control their weight and live healthier lives. The
government has started a three-year “Weight Management Year” plan from 2024 to 2027 to fight
against obesity (肥胖). Obesity can cause serious health problems like diabetes (糖尿病) and heart
disease. Here’s what you should know about the new guidelines.
First, it’s important to check your BMI (Body Mass Index) (身体质量指数). For adults, a
healthy BMI is between 18.5 and 24. If your BMI is between 24 and 28, you are overweight.
ABMI of 28 or more means you are obese. Also, doctors suggest measuring your waist. Men
should keep their waist under 90 cm, and women under 85 cm.
Eating well is very important, and exercise is just as important! When it comes to food,
choose whole grains like brown rice, fresh vegetables, and lean proteins (瘦蛋白) such as fish,
chicken, or beans. Don’t eat fried foods and sugary snacks, and also eat less salt and oil.
Interestingly, the guidelines even include fun local dishes-like “stewed fish” from Northeast China
or “noodles with chili oil” from the Northwest to make healthy eating tasty and full of local flavor.
For exercise, try to do 150-300 minutes of activities like walking, cycling, or dancing every
week, and do strength exercises twice a week. If you sit for a long time while studying, stand up
and stretch for 3-5 minutes every hour.
Besides diet (饮食) and exercise, small daily habits can also make a big difference. Teens
should sleep 7 hours every night because bad sleep can make you gain weight. Try to eat
vegetables first, then meat, and finally rice or bread during a meal to control how much you eat.
Schools and communities are also helping. For example, schools in Shanghai now make
sure students exercise for at least two hours every day, and hospitals have “weight clinics” with
diet plans, exercise advice, and even traditional Chinese ways like acupuncture (针灸). By 2030,
China hopes to slow down the increase of obesity through education and support.
Remember, losing weight isn’t about being perfect— just start with small changes, like
drinking water instead of soda or taking the stairs instead of the elevator. With these easy steps,
everyone can have a healthier future.
1．What is the main goal of China’s “Weight Management Year” plan
A．To make traditional Chinese food popular.
B．To teach students how to cook healthy meals.
C．To encourage people to join sports competitions.
D．To control body weight and improve public health.
2．Why does the text mention “stewed fish” from Northeast China
A．Because it is the unhealthiest dish.
B．Because it is the only dish allowed.
C．To encourage people to visit Northeast China.
D．To show that healthy eating can include tasty local foods.
3．What does the text suggest for people who sit for long hours
A．Sleep more. B．Eat more snacks.
C．Drink more soda. D．Stand up and stretch every hour.
4．According to the guidelines, which food should people avoid to control weight
A．Brown rice and fresh vegetables. B．Fish and beans.
C．Fried foods and sugary snacks. D．Stewed fish and noodles with chili oil.
5．What does the text mean by “small daily habits can also make a big difference”
A．Habits don’t matter for weight control.
B．Only big changes can help with weight loss.
C．You must exercise for hours every day to see results.
D．Tiny changes like drinking water instead of soda can improve health over time.
B
Have you seen wind lift a kite into the sky It is a common example of how humans use
nature’s energy. Actually, humans can always think of ways to use energy in nature, such as the
use of wind energy. And humans have been using this power for thousands of years. There are
many facts about using wind.
Boats were one of the most important forms of transportation for ancient people. Wind
blows against the boats’ sails, and then pushes them forward. Modern technology can make wind
power even more helpful by using it to produce electricity. Wind makes windmills turn faster,
which helps change the power of the wind into electricity. Then the electricity travels through
power lines and is sent out to homes and more. More importantly, wind energy is a clean and
renewable source.
Besides humans, plants also take advantage of wind power. Seeds (种子) are carried by
wind to new places, allowing plants to spread and grow. A light wind can send hundreds of
dandelion (蒲公英) seeds flying everywhere. When the seeds land, they can grow into new plants.
And animals also make use of wind power. For example, birds use their wings to fly, but
that takes a lot of energy. With the help of wind, they can fly much more easily. Spiders make
strong silk in their bodies. Many baby spiders travel far by throwing a thread into the air and
letting wind carry them away.
Using wind energy is a step towards a greener and pollution-free environment. Next time
you see a sailboat moving in the water or a bird flying in the sky, remember the power of wind. It’
s a force of nature. And it is also a symbol of friendship between humans and nature.
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
1．Why does the writer give an example of using wind energy in Paragraph 1
A．To share an idea. B．To discuss a problem.
C．To lead into the topic. D．To compare the facts.
2．What does the underlined word “them” refer to
A．The boats. B．The boatmen. C．The windmills. D．The power lines.
3．What can we know about the wind energy according to the text
A．It helps birds build their homes. B．It is friendly to the environment.
C．It makes seeds grow in safe places. D．It protects animals from their enemies.
4．What is the structure of the text (①= Paragraph 1…)
A． B．
C． D．
5．What is the text mainly about
A．How wind helps. B．Why humans use wind.
C．Where wind comes from. D．What animals do with wind.
C
Are you an “I person” or an “E person” These two personality types are widely discussed
online. They are part of a popular personality test called MBTI. All of the results have four letters,
and there are 16 results in total. “I” and “E” refer to “introverted (内向的)” and “extroverted (外
向的).”
Even if someone is especially quiet, many online discussions suggest that an “I” person can
still be outgoing at times. For example, when an introverted person is with some introverted
friends, he might become more social like an “E” person. Sometimes, an “I person” just wishes to
fit in and show people he wants to be accepted. But deep down, he mostly enjoys being alone and
quiet.
According to scientists, this idea of changing personalities in a short time is called
“masking”. That is hiding true personalities in specific situations. People want to feel they be long
to the group, and show that they are easy to get along with.
Using MBTI to identify (识别) personalities can be fun, but don’t go too far. A Shenzhen
University student found that his sister, a “P person”, was planning a day-to-day trip plan. He
remembered “P people” don’t like to make plans, so he said that she didn’t seem like a “P person”.
His sister argued, “Why do I need to follow what my personality test tells me to do ” It was then
he realized he’d taken the result too seriously.
The MBTI personality test may show something you don’t know about yourself and can be
an ice-breaker question when meeting new friends. However, knowing someone’s MBTI result
doesn’t mean you really know this person. And those four letters of yours don’t decide who you
are.
1．What can we know from MBTI
A．Habits.
B．Personalities.
C．Hobbies.
D．Families.
2．When do people hide their true personalities
A．They want to join and please people.
B．They feel nervous in specific situations.
C．They want to enjoy being alone and quiet.
D．They are with a group of outgoing friends.
3．What does the underlined word “masking” in Paragraph 3 probably mean
A．Thinking of a new idea.
B．Feeling in a bad mood.
C．Pleasing others with a kind act.
D．Covering with untrue feelings.
4．What does the example in Paragraph 4 want to show
A．“P people” are good at making plans.
B．“P people” don’t act like what the test shows.
C．People need to do as the personality test tells.
D．People needn’t take the personality test seriously.
5．Which is the best title for the passage
A．Two personality types.
B．A fun ice-breaker question.
C．Finding out who you are.
D．Becoming an “I” or “E” person
【拔高试题】
A
Friction (f) is a kind of force when two surfaces touch against each other. And it always acts
in the opposite direction of the way an object is moving.
Friction helps do daily things. When you ride a bicycle and stop suddenly, friction helps
you stop safely. Without friction, you couldn’t hold things, write with a pencil, or drive a car. In
sports, friction helps a lot. Soccer players need friction to control the ball, while swimmers try to
make friction less so they can swim faster.
Friction can also cause problems. It makes your shoes wear out and machines get too hot.
Also when you try to pull a heavy wooden table across the floor, the friction between the table
legs and the floor makes it hard to move, and you might get tired easily.
How much friction happens depends on the key feature (特征)— the rougher (粗糙) the
surfaces are, the stronger the friction is. That’s why it’s harder to move on a rough road than on a
smooth floor. Even air and water create friction. That’s why airplanes and boats are made to move
smoothly through them.
Friction plays an important role in our everyday life. Friction is everywhere. If there is no
friction, life would be very different!
1．Which picture best describes friction
A． B．
C． D．
2．Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a way friction helps us in daily life
A．Friction helps cars drive faster.
B．Friction helps you to write with a pencil.
C．Friction helps soccer players control the ball.
D．Friction helps you stop safely when riding a bicycle.
3．How does the writer explain the problems that friction causes in paragraph 3
A．By telling stories. B．By listing numbers.
C．By asking questions. D．By giving examples.
4．Why is it harder to move on a rough road than on a smooth floor
A．The road is smoother than the floor. B．The rough road creates less friction.
C．The rough road creates more friction. D．The smooth floor creates more friction.
5．What’s the structure of the text
A． B．
C． D．
B
In the Taishan Mountain, Shandong, a robotic dog was tested. Its main job was to carry
heavy things, such as waste, acting as a “porter” (脚夫) on the mountain and reducing the need for
human workers.
Every year, there are millions of visitors in Taishan Mountain. These tourists produced
nearly 24,000 tons of waste every year. The terrain (地形) in the Taishan Mountain made it harder
to clean and transport the waste as large machines couldn’t be used and the waste had to be
collected by hand.
To solve this problem, the scenic area tested robotic dogs for waste collection. The tested
robotic dogs were some of the fastest and most advanced industrial-grade quadruped (四足的)
robots on the market. They could cross obstacles (障碍) easily, keep good balance, and carry
heavy things for a long time.
Tests were carried out over three days at the base, middle and top of the mountain. The
robotic dogs, equipped with a shelf and cargo (货物) box that could carry 30 to 40 kilograms,
were tested for climbing ability and load-bearing capacity (容量) on the challenging terrain.
Results showed that they could reach the top of the mountain from the base within two
hours, while the average time for adult tourists not carrying a heavy load was around four hours.
The robots could operate for four to six hours on a full charge (充电量). During the tests, the
robotic dogs fit over 80 percent of the mountain’s terrain (地形).
Many tourists were attracted by these robotic dogs. Wang Yang, a tourist from Heilongjiang
Province, said, “I saw it climbing and took a photo with it. It’s truly amazing”
1．What is the main job of the robotic dog in the Taishan Mountain
A．To guide tourists. B．To carry heavy things like rubbish.
C．To clean the scenic area directly. D．To protect the environment.
2．Why is it difficult to clean and transport the waste in Taishan Mountain
A．Because there are too many tourists.
B．Because the waste is too heavy.
C．Because cleaners can’t use big machines to help them do cleaning.
D．Because the tourists don’t cooperate with the cleaners.
3．Which of the following is not mentioned about the robotic dog
A．Its appearance. B．Its capacity. C．Its color. D．Its function.
4．What can we know from paragraph 5
A．Robotic dogs are more suitable for long-distance mountain climbing.
B．Robotic dogs can replace all human workers in mountain-related work.
C．With a full charge, robotic dogs can make at least two round trips on the mountain.
D．The robotic dogs may greatly improve the efficiency of waste collection.
5．In which part of a newspaper can we probably find this passage
A．Environment. B．Technology. C．Story. D．Entertainment.
C
Sperm whales (抹香鲸) live in every ocean on the planet. How much do you know about
them
They have the biggest brains on Earth. Human brains weigh about 1.4 kilograms, but a
sperm whale’s brain can weigh up to 9 kilograms! They are clever sea animals.
They are the loudest animals alive. Their high-pitched clicks (声调高的咔哒声) are louder
than planes and allow sperm whales to send information to one another from hundreds of
kilometers away. In addition, these clicks are special to each whale. Scientists believe this is how
sperm whales recognize (辨认出) one another.
They sleep vertically (垂直地). Sperm whales sleep in a vertical position near the surface of
the water. This allows sperm whales to sleep for shorter periods of time. In fact, scientists found
that they sleep for less than two hours each day.
They produce something that is worth as much as gold. Ambergris (龙涎香) is an amazing
thing that forms in the stomach of a sperm whale. Ambergris is thought to protect the whale from
the sharp things that it eats. Sperm whales release (释 放 ) ambergris into the sea as a
sweet-smelling, egg-shaped ball. Because ambergris is often used in fine perfumes (香 料 ), a
kilogram of it can sell for up to $50,000. This makes ambergris one of the most ▲ objects on
Earth!
Sperm whales are amazing animals on Earth.
1．Sperm whales use _________ to recognize each other.
A．their shapes B．their brains C．their sounds D．their breaths
2．Sperm whales might sleep in the ocean _________.
A．by lying in the ocean B．by standing up
C．by facing down D．by lying near the surface of the ocean
3．What could be the missing word in the blank “ ▲ ” in Paragraph 5
A．embarrassing B．interesting C．uncomfortable D．valuable
4．Which of the following can show the structure (结构) of the passage
A．①②→③④⑤⑥ B．①②③→④⑤⑥
C． D．
5．What’s the writer’s main purpose in writing the passage
A．To introduce some fun facts about sperm whales.
B．To ask more people to help find sperm whales.
C．To describe how sperm whales recognize each other.
D．To explain why ambergris of sperm whales is expensive.

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